1

: y f ( x0 ) = f ' ( x0 ) ( x x0 )

Cf
x0

xx

():y=x+

():y=x+
xx


(,)

f '(x0 ) = 0
f '(x0 )=
f '(x0 )

= 1

f '(x0 )
=
( x 0 , f(x 0 )) ,
y f(x0 ) = f '(x 0 ) ( x x 0 ) , x,y

x 0

():y=x+
f '(x0 )=

0 +
f ( xx
0) =

Cf , Cg

A(x0 , y0 )

f(x1)=g(x1) f ' (x1)= g' (x1) .

A ( x1, f(x1)) , B ( x2 , g(x2 ))

f : y= f ' (x1)x- f ' ( x1) x1+f(x1) ,

( )

g : y= g' (x2)x- g' ( x2) x2+g(x2) , .

f '(x1) = g'(x2 )

f '(x1)x1 + f(x1) = g'(x2 )x2 + g(x2 )

Cf y=x+

Cf xx x0

=+ Cf
(x0,f(x0))
() y= f ' (x0)x- f ' ( x0) x0+f(x0) Cf ,
y=x+ .
f '(x0 )=

0 +
f ( xx
0) =
f(x 0 ) = 0 f '(x0 ) = 0

1 :
1

f(x) = x 2
, M(2,f(2)) .
:
f : A f = R
Cf (2,f(2))

y f ( x0 ) = f ' ( x0 ) ( x x0 ) y f ( 2 ) = f ' ( 2 ) ( x 2 )
f(2)=22=4
f'(x) = (x2 )' = 2x , f'(2) = 2 2 = 4

: () y f ( 2 ) = f ' ( 2 ) ( x 2 ) y 4 = 4 ( x 2 ) y = 4x 4 .

Emal: selasdim@freemail.gr

2 : ( f(x 0 ) )
(x0 , y0 ) x0 0 y0
y0 ,
f(x0 ) = y0 x0 .
2

f(x) = x 2
4.
:
f : A f = R
M(x0 ,4) , : f(x0 ) = 4 x20 = 4 x0 = 2 .
.
1
(1 ) : y = 4x - 4 (2, 4) ( 2 ) : y = -4x - 4 '(-2, 4) .
3 : ( f'(x0 ) )
3

f(x) = x 2
4.
:
f : A f = R
M(x0 ,f(x0 )) f'(x0 )
f'(x0 ) = 4 2x0 = 4 x 0 = 2 . (2,f(2)).
1 .
4 :

x'x

f '(x0 ) =

0
0
0
0
120 = 180 60 = 60 = 3

1350
1500

(
= ( 180

)
) = 30

= 1800 450 = 450 = 1

0

300

3
3

f(x) = x 2 + 3x + 1 .
f , xx 1350 .
:
f : A f = R

x0 , f ( x0 )

Cf .

xx 1350 :
= f'(x0 )= f'(x0 )=135 0 f'(x 0)= -1 .
f(x) = x2 + 3x + 1 f ' ( x ) = 2x + 3
f'(x0 ) = -1 -2x0 + 3 = 1 x0 = 2

M 2, f ( 2 )

1 .

Emal: selasdim@freemail.gr

f(x) =
xx .

f : A f = R 2

x
2

x 2

xx .

< < < < 0 f ' ( x ) < 0 f ' ( x ) < 0 x A f = R 2

2

f(x) =

x
2

x 2

1 x 2 2 x 2x

, f' ( x ) =

(x

5 :

x 2 2x 2 2

(x

x 2 2

(x

x2 + 2

(x

) <0

Cf xx

A(x 0 , f(x 0 )) f' (x 0 ) = 0 .

C f xx f(x) =

lnx
.
x

A(x 0 , f(x 0 )) () Cf ,

xx .
//xx = 00 = f'(x0 )= 00 = 0 , f'(x0 ) = 0 .
1
x ln x
1 ln x
: f(x) = lnx f ' x = x
=
(
)
2
x
x
x2
1 ln x0
f'(x0 ) = 0
= 0 1 ln x0 = 0 ln x0 = 1 x0 = 1
x02

A 1, f ( 1)

1 .
7

x
x 2 + 1 . Cf
f(x) = ln x e

xx .
.
A f = ( 0, + )

x1, f ( x1 )

Cf xx , f ' ( x1 ) = 0

f(x) = ln x ex x 2 + 1

, f' ( x ) =

1
1
1
2
+ e x x 2 + 1 ex 2x = + ex x 2 2x + 1 = + e x ( x 1) > 0
x
x
x

f ' ( x ) > 0 x A f = ( 0, + ) f ' ( x1 ) = 0 .

Cf xx .

Emal: selasdim@freemail.gr

6 : .
:

/ / =
= 1
:
x'x y=0 ,
1 3 y = x
2 3 y=-x .
() Cf

A(x 0 , f(x 0 )) :

: y=x+ , = f ' (x 0 )

: y=x+ , = 1 f' (x 0 )

= 1

f(x)=x2-4x+3
) y=6x+5
1
) y = x - 3
2
.
f : x A f = R
f ' ( x ) = 2x 4

) : y = 6x + 5

/ / = f ' ( x ) = 6 2x 4 = 6 2x = 10 x = 5 , f ( 5 ) = 25 20 + 3 = 8

Cf A ( 5, 8 ) : y = 6x + 5 .
) : y =

1
x 3
2

1
= 1 f ' ( x ) = 1 f ' ( x ) = 2 2x 4 = 2 x = 1 , f ( 1) = 1 4 + 3 = 0
2
1
Cf A ( 1, 0 ) : y = x 3 .
2

Emal: selasdim@freemail.gr

7 : Cf A x0 , f ( x0 )

y=f(x)

f ( x 0 ) = y 0 = x 0 +
f ( x 0 ) = yx
0 +
0 =

A(x0 ,f(x0 ))

y =x +
y=x+ f (x,f(x0))
= 0 +
f ( x
0) x
:
f ' ( x
0) =
9

f(x)e
=

2x

x
+

3+

. ,

4x+2y-6=0 g x0 = 0 .

4x + 2y 6 = 0 2y = 4x + 6 y = 2x + 3 Cf (0,f(0)) ,

M 0, f ( 0 )

, :

f(0) = 2 0 + 3 f(0) = 3
, = 2 f ' ( 0 ) = 2 . :
f(0) = 3e

2 0

+0 3 + 3 = 3 + 3 = 0 =

2x

f '(x)e
= (2x)' + 2e
=

2x

f '(0) = 2 2e + = 2 2 + = 2 2 0 + = 2 = 2 .
8 : Cf xx A(x1, f ( x1 ) ) :
f(x1) = 0 f'(x1) = 0
10

xx f(x) = x ln x +

: f = ( 0, + )
Cf x ' x A ( x0 , y0 ) Cf
xx , y0 = 0 f ( x0 ) = 0
, : f ' ( x0 ) = 0
f(x 0 ) = 0 x 0 ln x0 +
f(x) = x ln x +

x 02
3
2x 0 + = 0
2
2

x2
3
2x +
, f ' ( x ) = ln x + 1 + x 2 f ' ( x ) = ln x + x 1
2
2

, : f ' ( 1) = ln1 + 1 1 = 0

12
3
, f ( 1) = 0 , f(1) = 1 ln 1 +
2 1 + = 0 .
2
2
Cf xx (1,0) .

Emal: selasdim@freemail.gr

x2
3
2x + .
2
2

9 : A(x1,y1 )
11

f(x) = x
A(0,1)

f : A f = 0, + )

M ( x 0 , f(x 0 )) Cf () : y f ( x0 ) = f ' ( x0 ) ( x x0 ) .
f(x 0 ) =

x0

f ' ( x ) =

f ' ( x 0 ) =

2 x

y f ( x0 ) = f ' ( x0 ) ( x x0 ) y x0 =
y=

1
2 x0

x+

: y =
1=

x0
2x0

0 +

x0
2 x0
x0
2x0

x0
2

y=
x0

x+

x0
2

x0

x+

2x0

1
2 x0

1
2 x0

( x x0 )

y=

1
2 x0

x0
2 x0

+ x0 y =

1
2 x0

x+

x0 + 2x0
2 x0

x0
2

A(0,1) :

=1

x0 = 2 x 0 = 4

1 :
4
4
1
y=
x+
y = x + 1.
2 4
2
4

f ,g (x1,y1)
f(x1)=g(x1) f ' (x1)= g' (x1) .

12.
g(x)=

f(x) = x2 x +9. , R, Cf Cg

x -1
2.

.
Cf , Cg A ( 2, y0 ) , :
f ( 2 ) = y0 g ( 2 ) = y0 : f ( 2 ) = g ( 2 )
, A ( 2, y0 ) :
f ' ( 2
) = g' 2

( ) =

: f ( 2 ) = g ( 2
) 2

f' 2

( g'
) =2 ( )

1
2
=
2 1

f ' ( x ) = 2x , g' ( x ) =
f ' ( 2 ) = g' ( 2 ) 2 2

1 4+ 2
9=

4
2
+ 8

2 =
4

( x 1) 2
=

( 2 1) 2

=1

2 = 4
2 + = 4
3
3

2 = 3 =
, 2 = 4 2 = 4 = 7

2
2
4

1
4

Emal: selasdim@freemail.gr

.
C f , C g x1,x2 R

C f

B(x2 , g(x 2 )) ,

= f '

A(x1, f(x1)) C g

(x1)x- f ' ( x1) x1+f(x1) , = g' (x2)x- g' ( x2) x2+g(x2) , .

f '(x1) = g'(x2 )

.
f '(x1)x1 + f(x1) = g'(x2 )x2 + g(x2 )
13

2
f(x) = 4 x2 g ( x ) = x + 8x 20 .

.
A x1, f ( x1 )

x1 A f = R Cf , :

y f ( x1 ) = f ' ( x1 ) ( x x1 )
f ( x1 ) = 4 x12

, f' ( x ) = 2x

, f' ( x1 ) = 2x1

f : y f ( x1 ) = f ' ( x1 ) ( x x1 ) y 4 x12 = 2x1 ( x x1 ) y = 2x1 x + 2x12 + 4 x12 y = 2x1 x + x12 + 4

B x2 , g ( x2 )

x2 Ag = R Cg , :

y g ( x2 ) = g' ( x2 ) ( x x2 )
g ( x2 ) = x22+8x2 -20 , g' ( x ) = 2x + 8 , g' ( x2 ) = 2x2 + 8

g : y g ( x2 ) = g' ( x2 ) ( x x2 ) y x22 + 8x2 20 = ( 2x2 + 8 ) ( x x2 )

y = ( 2x2 + 8 ) x +

2x22

8x2

x22

+ 8x2 20 y = ( 2x2 + 8 ) x + x22 20

2
f : y = 2x1 x + x12 + 4 g : y = ( 2x2 + 8 ) x + x2 20

Cf , Cg , x1 A f x2 A g f , g
,
x1 = x2 + 4
2x1 = 2x2 + 8

2
2
2
2
x1 + 4 = x2 20
( x2 + 4 ) = x2 20

( x2 + 4) 2 + 4 = x22 20 x22 8x2 + 16 + 4 = x22 20 8x2

= 40 x2 = 5

x1 = x2 + 4 x1 = 5 + 4 x1 = 1
2

f : y = 2x1 x + x12 + 4 y = 2 ( 1) x + ( 1) + 4 y = 2x + 5
g : y = ( 2x2 + 8 ) x + x22 20 y = ( 2 5 + 8 ) x + 52 20
: y = 2x + 5

Emal: selasdim@freemail.gr