YK 398.41(810.1861):291.

13
Opnrnnannn nayunn pa
HEKE CPHCKE HAPAHEHE
HCTOuHOCHOBEHCKOM BHJY
1
Ancmparm. Maa je y nonnje npeme oxasano a nacnonnn nnx Ioroe-
ne npnnonerxe Buf nma ]onxnopny nonory, ocraje cnopno xonnxn je y
nemy yeo nnmuene ]nxnnje; ncro nnrane nocrana ce sa ,rpoy' y
npnoj Innmnhenoj npnnonenn Hoh ua +ocmy, n ro jom saomrpennje, c o-
snpom na Ioroen yrnnaj na Innmnha. Hoxanna npeana ns Konyape n
jean onuaj saenexen 1929. y Fanary npyxajy ocnon sa saxyuax a je
Innmnh y onom cnyuajy npnao ns ayrenrnune napone rpannnje. Hanan
nenrn]nxannja non ca nnxe na nnmy mnronomxy panan, npexo ,Xpomor
ae' n ,noenor hanona' o aora n crapopycxor axora, a na mnpem
nopeenom nnany o nnonpancxor Bajya.
Bnja Ioro nsnon na nosopnnny ncronmene npnnonerxe y xyu-
nom rpenyrxy: mnan orocnon Xoma Fpyr no npncnnom rpn nohn sa-
peom cam y ceocxoj npxnn unra monnrne ys oap enojxe-nemrnne unjy
je cmpr cxpnnno n npnrom nna nsnoxen cne nehoj nanacrn snoyxa, no
on je onncao oxo cee uaponn xpyr xojn ra unnn nennnnnm sa nnx,
cne ox ce ne nojann Bnj: senacr, xpom uonex, can y semn, rnosena
nnna, ca ounnm xannnma cnymrennm o camor rna. Beronn capysn no-
nrny my oune xanxe n on yrnea Xomy; n nexornne, Xoma my ysnparn
norne n cpymn ce mpran. Y npnoj npnnonenn Mnnonana Innmnha ,Hoh
Anexcanap HOMA
unnoso]cxn ]axynrer
Feorpa
1
Onaj pa npecrana onynen n nonpanen rexcr pe]epara nonecenor na me-
hynaponom nayunom cxyny ,Hnxa cnonencxa mnronornja' y Coxoann oxropa
1995. ronne. Berona nonynapna n cxpahena nepsnja no nacnonom ,Y norpasn sa
Xpomnm aom' ojanena je y Ko.yoapa. Be.uru uapoouu ra.euoap sa npocmy
1999, Baeno 1999, 196205.
Anexcanap Homa 124
na mocry' ojanenoj y uaconncy ,Hpeonnna' sa 1873/74, sa xojy nn-
can y nonacnony, xao n Ioro sa cnora ,Bnja', rnpn a jy je yseo ,ns
naponor neponana', nma jena cnnuna cnena n cnnuan nnx. Hnan, xojn
ce oyseo nomro je narasno na ,nnnoncxo xono', a n ospanno mopa
npenohnrn y nycry npeeny na mocry, re ra, cnnuno xao Xomy y npxnn,
y cne nehem pojy n cne cnaxnnje canehe neuncra cnna, a a ce on ne cme
mahn nn nporonopnrn. Hacprajn emona na mocr pehajy ce y rpaannjn,
a ona onasn npxynan:
Mano nocraja na noue a ce uyje snnxane, najnpe jeno na pyro,
na rpehe, na ce nocne ocy pexao n nma nx mnnnjyn mnnnjyna re
snnxe. uy ce n snexer yxarnja... Mocr noue a ce ynexe n a nyna
crpamno xao ro a ce xpmn. 3auy ce nexn xo xao a ce naa no mo-
cry noennuno xamene... Hnan nornea, ann sarycrnno! Mocr ce nnme
n ne nnn o canacrn... Oncxome xao nnena oxo nera. ox ero rn
noe jeny rpoy y yxarnjama, ycra joj croje nnme opna a jeno oxo
ncno noca... oneome je npe Hnana, na cne canacrn narpnyme
uncro a ra yryme; on onasn xaxo je noa neh nponnna ooso xpos
mocr n oxnacnna my uapane n uaxmnpe, raxo ce mocr yrnyo o remxa
repera! Canacrn y raj max sarpoxrame pasnnm rnaconnma: ,O, je! Je,
je, je!... Xo, Xo, xo!' na ona cne ojypnme xao nerap no mocr. Omax
ce uy nynane y jean npex xao a ce yapa najen nanamap raxo
ce mocr rpece... Hnan ocxaue o jaxa sopa sa unran neao... Yrom,
eno, sanena nerao. ox nnmra rn For ne ae... camo crae necax
n nncxa ncno mocra. Cne ce yrnma. Hnan, orme, mano n nonnamen,
xa uy nerna, nomere ce re maxny nenom pyxom a ce npexpcrn... ,A,
rne!' nomncnn: ,na ona mn pyxa spana!'... Onaxo paocran npexpcrn
ce ecnom n nxe ce. Hnmra ra ne onn span xao o majxe pohen!'
(Innmnh 99 .).
Mnan Innmnh no je no cnaxnnm Ioroennm yrnnajem n nema
cymne a my je ox je nncao ony cneny ,Bnj' neeo npe ounma, na ce
y naueny unnn onpanana cymna a je, ynpxoc onome mro rnpn y no-
nacnony, nnje yseo ns naponor neponana, neh a jy je nsmncnno npema
sanpmnoj cnenn ,Bnja'. Ca pyre crpane, n ayrenrnunocr camor Bnja
onon ce y nnrane: nma onnx xojn ra cmarpajy Ioroenom ]nxnnjom.
2

Hpn raxnom crany crnapn nexom n ce morao namernyrn saxyuax a ce
one ne cnene n na nnxa ajy nopenrn camo na xnnxennoncropnjcxoj
pannn, a a nemajy ]onxnopncrnuxor nnrepeca. Honnja ncrpaxnnana cy,
mehyrnm, noxasana a Ioroen Bnj nma nonory y naponnm neponannma,
re ce jana ananoran nnx, npe cnera no nmenom Cneror Kacnjana.
3
Je-
2
Hajcxopnje Henxnencxax 1998.
3
Cn. Kacnjan ce cnann 29. ]epyapa n onnuana npecrynny ronny xoja je
nna cmarpana nomom no ye n no croxy, na je n onaj cneran y ncrounocno-
125 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
nno sa nme Bu nema ]onxnopne nornpe, no ro ne snaun a ra je Ioro
nsmncnno: moryhe je, n uax neponarnnje, a ce pan o pannjem nmeny nper-
xpnmhancxor mnronomxor nnxa xoje je naxnano norncnyo xpnmhancxn
xarnonnm. Ham nauennn cran, nponcrexao ne camo ns anannse onnx najy
mecra xo Ioroa n Innmnha, nero ns ynna y nnxono nenoxynno crnapa-
namrno, rnacn a cy oojnna nmana npncryn nsnopnoj ]onxnopnoj rpahn
xojy onexne ocra nepno npenoce, a onexne xnnxenno naorpahyjy.
Openrn mepy re naorpane ennxaran je, ann xopncran n norpean no-
cao, jep moxe nsnern na nneno npean ]onxnopnn marepnjan, saenexen
cpasmepno pano n nepom npcnnx sanncnnaua, xojn cy opo nosnanann
naponn xnnor n yx. Hyr o ror nna non xpos nsnanaxene napanena
sa nojenne enemenre najy npnua y onnm sanncnma naponnx neponana
n npeana unja nsnopnocr ne nonexe cymnn.
Henecnncxn Tynrys annac Paonan Heponnh ojanno je 1904. npn-
nonerxy ,na napony' ca ]aynom cacnnm cnnunom Innmnhenoj ,Hohn
na mocry': Herap uaronnh, yrnean rpronan ns Pncna, nomepn namehy, n
cnn noxymajn neronnx a my nahy nexa ocrajann cy ysanynn ox neron
par Mapxo nnje cpeo na Ionnjn nexora ,nnsamcxor xony' poom uax ns
,Bama' (Hepcnje), xojn my ns cnojnx xnnra nporymaun a je Herap nara-
sno na ,nnncxo xono' re je y nera ymao hano (,mexnran'), n ojacnn my
xaxo a para nsneun: rpea a ra youn Hnnna ne onee na mocrapcxn
mocr, na ry a uexa ,o ncnpe xoxora', xaa he nanhn cnaronn nnncxor
napa; raa nexa nany nnunne npe xounje n sanomarajy, a nap he ce sa
yan cnoje nenecre cmnnonarn n ncreparn hanona ns roponannxa. Xona
my jom a nexn npamax a oojnna nonnjy xaxo n mornn nnern nnno-
ne. Taxo n ye: sanohnnmn na mocry, onecnnx n neron par ouexajy
cnaroncxy nonopxy, y xojoj ce nahe n nosnarn xepneronauxn ,syxah'
Maro Inyman; nap ce caxann na monnone n ys Marony nomoh osna a
cy Herpy nanaxocrnna uernpn para ,mexnrana' Hym, Hem, Hnm n Ham,
na unjy je neuepy narasno; onaj nocnenn ce y nera ynyxao. Hap ra nsrna
ns Herpa, n napen a cny uernopnny oece; yro nernn sanenajy n ,xane-
rn' necrane; Herap ce npoyn span n npnmern a na mocrom nnce o
nnaxnnma cnoje nayunne uernpn nayxa (Cpncxn xnnxennn rnacnnx p.
93 |XIII, 7|, o 1. enempa 1904, crp. 489493). Hecymnnno je yrnea-
ne na pannje ojaneny Innmnheny npnuy, mro ne mopa a snaun a je
neny ]onxnopny nonory Heponnh nsmncnno. Hpe he nrn a je cnojno
nencxom ]onxnopy oxapaxrepncan emoncxnm ennrernma n arpnyrnma, nsmehy
ocranor ounnm xannnma cnymrennm o seme xoje my nonxe neuncra cnna n
ynraunnm norneom (Hasapencxn 1969; Hro 1989; Fenona 1995; yn. n B.B.
Hnanon / B.H. Tonopon y MHM I s.v.).
Anexcanap Homa 126
omahn mornn nsneuena na mocry (nemy nosnar ns Innmnha nnn ca py-
re crpane) ca mornnom ,nnncxe nojcxe' xoja ce npnxasyje y nonoh nnn y
none na nyrennma n pacxpmhnma (yn. Stulli 239
o
241
o
); cycper c nom
onacan je, ann ce nesyje n ca marnunnm ncnenenem, xoje ce nocrnxe raxo
mro onecnnxon pohax samonn nnncxor crapemnny, a onaj y nojcnn nahe
nnna oronopnor sa onecr xoja je uonexa cnamna (id. 240
o
). Cam nasnn
uu ynyhyje na opnjenranno nopexno, xao n ynora xone y Heponnhenoj
npnun. Y nesn c rnm sannmnna je jena napanena ns naponor neponana
saenexenor nouerxom mesecernx ronna XX n. y enn:
Y rexnm cnyuajennma nynna rpaxn ce xona xojn sna a caxynn n pac-
rypn ,anpy', rj. a caxynn cne hanone. Ono, nanono, perxo xojn xona
sna. H o onnx xojn ro snajy perxo ce xojn ycyhnnao a ro yunnn, jep n
ra caxynenn hanonn mornn, axo nx na npeme ne pacrypn, pacrprnyrn.
Ho npnuany, ro ce npmn onaxo: Xona ,yun' (monn) c jennm euxom
xora ynyrn y ro xaxo he my nomararn. Ka ce hanonn ncxyne, xona
pasronapa c nnxonnm crapemnnom Xpomom (Xpomo ce nojanyje n y
npnuama cpncxor cranonnnmrna), xaxe my xaxno je crane onecnnxa
sor xora je casnan raj cxyn n nnra xojn je o hanona ro yunnno. Ka
ce ro ncnnra, Xpomo napen a ce xpnnan oecn. Xona raa pacrypn
anpy, a cyrpaan ce na hynpnjn nahe npxnyrn mnm (Fabijanic 223).
Xpo+o xao hanoncxn crapemnna nnje nnxo pyrn o Xpomn aa,
n mn one ounro nmamo nocna ca yxpmranem omahnx n ncrounauxnx
mornna. One napanene, na xoje nam je yasno yxasao npo]. p ynn-
xo Paenxonnh, yxasyjy a Innmnh nnje no jenna, a moxa nn rnanna
nncnnpannja Henecnncxom-Heponnhy, ann mro ce rnue nsnopnocrn came
Innmnhene npnnonerxe, oxase sa ny cnaxaxo rpea rpaxnrn pyre, ne
y xnnxennnm opaama nonyr one, nero y nsnopnnm ]onxnopncrnuxnm
sanncnma.
3a nouerax, npenosnajemo najmane jean necymnnno ayrenrnuan
]onxnopnn era na Innmnhenoj ,rpon'. Fyxarnje nannn na ne-
nnm norama nhe ncro mro n one, najuemhe ,snarne yxarnje' sa xoje ce y
nopeujnma pnne, Cane n ynana nepyje a noenn hano nnma omorana
nore cnojnx xprana n nonnaun nx y ynny a ce yane (3euennh 1981,
29 .). Mocr na xojem Hnan nponon noh Innmnh nonnpa ,na crpamnom
mecry', nnsy nnpa re ce yannna nexa aa Joxa, na ce nposnao Joruu
eup, re ce ynma ,mnoro npennhano' n xya je nno onacno ,npohn
... camy uonexy yneue nnn nohy': ro nnycrpyje npnuom o yronennxy
Anpamy, xojn je y nexo oa nohn cnmao onamo a ce oxyna, na ra ,na je-
an max crae nemro nyhn sa nore, remxo xao onono, n onyue ra na no.
Hocne nexn Tnmornje n Hanrennje c Fonje sapone y nnp n nahy Anpama
re cen na ny nnpa xao ro xnn, a na xpnny my uyun npno ere nnje
nehe o mauera. H ry ra nsnae n yxonajy one xpaj oane' (op. cit. 96).
Ha ncrom neponany remen ce npnua o Herpony nnpy y pyroj Innmnhe-
127 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
noj npnnonenn ,Inana mehepa': Herap je ramo nonno pny nohy, na my ce
saxaun npeha sa nexn nan no noom; on saponn a je pacnera, no xa
je ro ypano n xreo nsponnrn nemro ra crerne sa oe nore n nonyue nann-
xe, ,xao onono'. Yxnarn ce pyxama sa nexe xnne n jena nexaxo nsahe na
oany, ,xa nma mra nnern! ... Ha norama my xyre yxarnje, xao nocax!
...' ox je nmao xyhn, y rpn nanpara Herpa je canerao nexn non ,npn xao
yren, a nnne n cne my sapacno y camy pay' rpaxehn yxarnje, no on
ra cna rpn nyra onje, n jena npanra sa pyrom came my cnany c nory.
Onece yxarnje xyhn n ann y narpy, a one oropenmn ocrany n came
,npne xao yren' (op. cit. 163 .). Cnnuna jena npnua saenexena je y
Cnanonnjn: jean uonex ce cnace ns noe ca yxarnjama o cynora snara
oxo nory, na my cyrpaan ohe noenn emon n nonyn a my yxarnje
cxnne n narpar ysme (3euennh op. cit. 30). Cne ono ne ocrana cymne a
Innmnhena ,rpoa' pe]nexryje ]onxnopnn nnx noenor hanona, cnaxaxo
onor najcrapnjer, sa xojera ce cmarpano a je najonacnnjn (op.cit. 29 .).
Moxemo ce, napanno, nnrarn a nn je cnaxn era y Innmnheny onncy
re cnooe ayrenrnuan. To mro cama ona nma na norama nanne xojnma n
nnaue rpeano a nonnaun ye na peuno no moxe nrn opas cxnarana
o noenom emony xao o npnom yronennxy (op. cit. 27), ann n pennnxa
Bnjone xpomocrn. Ycra nnme opna oronapajy Bnjonnm ounnm xannnma
cnymrennm o seme n morna cy nrn npema nnma nsmnmena, ann je
mornn emoncxor nha ca rpenannnama o seme (xoje, xao nn Bnj nn
Innmnhena ,rpoa' nnje y crany camo a ne, neh ra noe n nonxy
my xanxe) saenexen y onnxnem Cpemy (n. nnxe). Kao oarny, no ne
oconro cnenn]nuny cnnunocr saenexnmo a n Bnj, xao n ,rpoa' n
,npnn non' y Innmnha nmuesanajy na nernon noj, camo mro ce ro emana
sa Xomy npexacno a sa Innmnhene jynaxe y npann uac a nx cnace.
Fnno xaxo nno, moxemo ysern a Innmnh one, npornnno onom
mro n ce y npnn max morno noneponarn, nnje nanpocro nsmnmao no
yrney na ,Bnja', nero n ce npe morno pehn a ra je sa neron xnnxennn
,npnenan' naaxnyna ra c osnpom na cnonencxo npacpocrno nnmano
cnyuajna oxonnocr, mro je y neponannma n npeannma cnor sannuaja
npenosnao mornne cnnune onnma xojn unne ]onxnopny nonory Ioroene
npnnonerxe. To ne naxn camo sa nnx rnannor emona, nero n sa neny cneny
na mocry. Ona ce ynanno noyapa ca jennm anarcxnm neponanem,
xoje je nsmehy na cnercxa para saenexno Herap . Herponnh:
Y oxonnnn Bpauena Iaja nepyje ce sa eny xoja ce poe ca ,pennhem'
(noyxom xnumom), a nx je ue:ucmu (hano) npernopno y ,npxynma'
(hanonue). Taxna cy ena onuno n ymenno onecna. Onaxna ce ena
mory nsneunrn camo na Hepn xo Tanoer Mocra. Ha mocry rpea sa-
nohnrn n uexarn a ce nojann oaoa (najcrapnjn hano) n ro camo npxom
cnoje npnene xannne. Axo ra ere yrnea, ono he ospannrn. Ko Tano-
Anexcanap Homa 128
er Mocra ce nehe nnxo oxynarn nn sa xnny rnany, jep n aa oneo
xynaua y ynny n yanno. Hemnn sony onaj mocr aie Tufelbrcke
|sic!| n npnuajy, a ce sa npeme ,Ipannne' xynann nemauxn nojnnnn n
a cy ce cnn noannnn. Cne one n cnnune necpehne cnyuajene, xojn ce
oroe xo onor mocra, napo npnnncyje hanonnma, xojn xnne y non
ncno mocra. Y crnapn Hepa je na rome mecry psa n nyna nprnora, na
ce uecro emanajy necpehnn cnyuajenn.' (Herponnh 1929).
Ona napanena necymnnno oxasyje a ce cnena na mocry xo Inn-
mnha sacnnna na nsnopnoj naponoj npecrann. To snaun a y ]onxnopy
nocancxnx n noynancxnx Cpa cpehemo mnronomxn nnx ananoran nc-
rounocnonencxom Bnjy, xojn ce nojanyje y pamarypmxn n cnenorpa]-
cxn cnnunoj cnryannjn xao n Bnj, na npxynny nohnnx ncxymena xojnma
ycamena uonexa nonpranajy emoncxe cnne, c rom pasnnxom mro xo
Ioroa Xoma nna nenono nonprnyr rom npxyncxom ncxymeny n ne
oonenmn my ymnpe, a y cpncxnm napnjanrama ono je paronono, n onaj
xo my oonn nna ncneen. pyra pasnnxa je y recnoj nesn cpncxor nnxa
ca noom, xaxna ce sa Bnja ne a ycranonnrn. Fanarcxn aa opann y
nnpy no Tanonm mocrom n yrana one xojn ce ycye a ce ramo xynajy,
a ananoran mornn npncyran je n xo Innmnha: on mocr na xojem Hnan
nponon noh cmemra xpaj jenor osnornamenor nnpa re cy emonn neh
yronnnn mnore ye, a na nojany ,rpoe', xoja ]ynxnnonanno oronapa
Bnjy n anarcxom an, cam Hnan sajeno c mocrom nounne ronyrn y noy
n noronyo n a nernona necma nnje pasnna uaponnjy. Onnc n ejcrno
anarcxor ae, osnauenor xao ,najcrapnjn hano' y nornynocrn oronapa
nnxy noenaxa nnn noenor hanona y cpncxnm neponannma xoja je npn-
xynno Cnooan 3euennh. Boenn emon onncyje ce xao ,maropn' nnn
,crapn' hano ca xapaxrepncrnunom npnenom xannnom na rnann; on ann
ye y peunnm nnponnma n xpaj noennna npnanajyhn raxo noannxe
sa cnoje nonono napcrno re nnaa na yronennm ymama cronyjyhn y
craxnenom nnn xpncrannom nopny; pnapn ra mryjy pasnnunrnm xprnama
pan opa ynona. Ho 3euennhennm peunma, nsrne n ]ynxnnje noenor
emona cy cnnunn nnn ncrn y nopeujnma ynana, Tnmoxa, Mopane, Cane
n pnne, a ne neocrajy npnmepn ns camor Fanara. Ha onmrecnonencxom
nnany cpncxom noenaxy oronapao n uemxn n nocxn nonnx, pycxn
,noenn' (eoouo) (3euennh 1981, 2230; Paenxonnh 2000). 3euennh
nema nn jean npnmep a ce noenn hano sone aoa, ann ra mn ocnm y
Fanary n cycenom cpncxom Hoynany
4
nanasnmo no rnm nmenom n y
onacrn Konyape. Ha penn Konyapn, y ceny Jayujy, nma mecro aouu
4
Y naponoj npnun ns Fpse Hananxe ojanenoj y ,Knhn' sa 1925, p. 2, 3 n 4,
jana ce Po+u aoa y nny uonexa xojn crojn y penn, sarnnen y nary.
129 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
opoo. Herena xaxe a ce ro ono nposnano no an, uonexy narnpnpona
nopexna n neonuna nsrnea: pono ce o ona hanona n majxe nnne, xpaj
noennne; no je xpom na ecny nory, xacr y neny pyxy, paspox (Pao-
nanonnh-Epnh 1981, 105107). omanmn onamo ns Focne, npnmno ce y
cnyxy xo Typaxa a ye ,napen poap' na Konyapn, na je ynjao
rypcxe xannje xoje cy nmne na hay anajyhn nx y nnp (op. cit. 107110).
Hcrn nerenapnn nnx nosnar je n pyre y roj onacrn: raxo cy saenexe-
ne npnue o yxneroj noennnn na penn Feannnn re ce aoa npnxnarno
a ye noennuap nsnaxyhn ce nanacrn cnojnx hanoncxnx pohaxa (op.
cit. 111112). Hme aoa, xpomocr, hanoncxa npnpoa, mornnn npenasa
npexo pexe n anena y penn, cne ce y roj mepn noyapa ca npeanem
o hanoem mocry na Hepn a ne moxe nrn cymne y sajennuxy mnrono-
mxy nonory anarcxe n xonyapcxe rpannnje.
Bpno je neponarno a ce nme aoa nsnopno nesnnano n sa Innmnhe-
ny ,rpoy'. Hanme ,Hoh na mocry' emana ce ,no Tennjcxnm nncom',
y amnjenry xojn noceha na xnncypy pexe Ipana xo manacrnpa Tennje
jyxno o Baena, ann opehene ronorpa]cxe nojennocrn n noxanne
nerene yxasyjy na pyro mecro ncror nmena y ncrom xpajy xao na ncxo-
nmre one ]onxnopne rpannnje ns xoje je Innmnh npnao marepnjan sa
cnojy npnnonerxy. Hanme, Ipaan ce xo man. Tennje, xao n pyre, rasn,
n nnje nno mocra cne ox nnje nonrnyr nennxn nnjayxr na apcxoj
npysn. Y nesn c onom unnennnom je cnaxaxo n ro mro Innmnh nnre ne
nanon nme pexe xoja reue ncno mocra, naxo je y onncy canacne nohn
y mnoro nanpara nomnne, yrnannom xao ,noy', n maa nnaue n ca mane
nonoa nanon nns ronorpa]cxnx nmena ns naencxor xpaja, oorahyjy-
hn nnma noxannn xonopnr npnnonerxe. Henomnnane Ipana je yronnxo
ynannnje mro je ro pexa na unjnm je oanama y ncronmenom eny Ba-
ena Innmnh opacrao. unnn ce ocnonana npernocranxa a je ]onxnop-
na nonora Innmnhene npnnonerxe nohno ncneene nonnpana na nexo
pyro mecro n pyry pexy, a a je Innmnh pan xnnonncnnjer amnjenra
raj orahaj npeneo y opo my nosnary rpaauxy xnncypy, re ce sancra
na pexy nanoce nncoxe crene y xojnma ce rnese cone n pyre nrnne,
xaxo je on ro onncao (op. cit. 96). Ycmeno npeane ns xojer je Innmnh
necymnnno npnao nnje mopano npennsnparn noxannjy mocra, no mn n-
cmo yxasann na moryhnocr a Innmnheno cmemrane ,no hennjcxn nnc'
nnje nno cacnnm nponsnono, neh a je nomno o ncronernocrn nmena.
Hanme, y ncrom xpajy nocroje jom jene 1e.ufe, ceno nasnano no crapom
manacrnpy xojn je caa nopymen, cmemreno na ecnoj oann nra xo
camor ymha one pexe y Konyapy. H ry nma nnc, raunnje nophe xoje ce
ocra crpmo cnymra xa cranama nejy pexa, nocehn y pasnnm enonnma
pasna nmena: Bpa:e(eo) Bpoo, Hoera, Hom. H nr n Konyapa xo Tennja
Anexcanap Homa 130
cy snarne pexe xoje ce anac npenase mocronnma; xamenn mocr na nry
omax ysnono o Tennja, nsmehy Foronahe n ynanna, nocrojao je neh
y oa nacranxa Innmnhene npnnonerxe (Mnnnhennh 1876, 128); xaxo
ce nr y onem roxy ne moxe ponrn (CE3 8/1907, 386), nemy je na
ncrom mecry nnn nere y nnsnnn mopana nperxonrn pnena ,hynpnja'
na xaxnoj je npenohno Innmnhen jynax. 3a one Tennje xao nsnopny nosop-
nnny ,Hohn na mocry' ne ronopn camo noyapno nme n oronapajyhe
ronorpa]cxe onnxe mecra, neh n nexn ]onxnopnn noxasaren. Ho npa-
uenom ynyrcrny, Hnan je nmao sanohnrn na mocry youn mnaor nerxa, a
nenocpeno o Tennja nanasn ce ceno Hemra, nasnano no crapoj npxnn,
anac npenpanenoj. Ona nojennocr moxe nrn n cnyuajna, ann nnme
snauaja rpea npnarn noarxy a ce ynpano y ceny Herxn o Tennja,
ncno Ionor Fpa, nanasn mecro ca ocrannma crapnx rpahennna, re je no
npeany nexa nna nenpecymna apa, xpaj xoje ce cnamra npnnnhano:
,xon y non, nnacr cena xaxo nnonn no apn, sanaena xannna nr.'
(Herponnh 1949, 195). Ta npnnnhena ncronerna cy nnn cnnuna onnma
xoja je nmao Innmnhen jynax Hnan npe nero mro cy ra nnnonn ,ycrpenn-
nn' (jaxau na enom xony, nnacronn xojn npenase npexo nyra). 3axyuax
je a ce nenoxynna cnenorpa]nja ]onxnopne ]ayne na xojoj ce sacnnna
Innmnhena npnnonerxa n xojy je Innmnh pasanao na nns noxannrera,
maxom jyxno o Baena, moxe npenosnarn srycnyra na manom npocropy
oxo ymha nra y Konyapy: mecro re ce npnnnha n re uonexa moxe
cnahn nsnenana onecr (xo Innmnha op. cit. 88 ro je noe Mpannnnn
na nnannnn Honneny); cenmre npaua xojn je y crany a nahe nex roj o-
necrn: Bpa:eeo Bpoo y Tennjama sa xoje ce nesyje npeane o epa:y xojn je
ry xnneo (Paonanonnh-Epnh 1981, 74 .; xo Innmnha Hnan ne nexom
npauy Honaxy y ramnancxe uyuyre); xynrno mecro Cnere Hemre sa xoje ce
morna nesnnarn npaxca marnjcxnx pann pan ncnenena o +.aoo+ nemry;
mocr na penn no nncom xojn ce c npanom moxe osnaunrn xao he.ufcru
jep je na cenom xoje ce sone 1e.ufe. Honpx cnera, y Tennjama nma aouu
opoo na nry (Herponnh op.cit. 216.), a nnenn cmo a nme aoa npncraje
rnannom emony unjy nojany na mocry Innmnh onncyje. Onaj aouu opoo
na nry xo ymha je camo ecerax xnnomerapa ysnono o pyror aouuoe
opooa na Konyapn, sa xojn cy nesana rope nomenyra npeana o xpomom
noennuapy n cxenennjn an. Bro ce rnue ]aynannje, sajennuxa je
nesa ca pexom (mocr : po, noennna), sarnm mornn jaxana na canacnom
enom xony (y nerenn o ,annoj eennjn' na raxnom xony jame cam
aa). Moxemo saxyunrn a je Innmnh ns ymernnuxnx pasnora cnojy
npnuy npemecrno ns jennx Tennja y pyre, ca ymha nra y Konyapy
y xnnonncnnjn ncronmenn npeeo na Ipany. Axo cy nama ronorpa]cxa
sanaxana ncnpanna, napanennsam nsmehy Innmnhene npnnonerxe n a-
131 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
narcxor neponana nporexe ce n na nme nenrpannor nnxa: n one, n ramo
no n ro Xpo+u aoa, hanoncxn nornanap.
5

Onaj onomacrnuxn nanas nomaxe nam a npenasnhemo nponem
xojn ce nansrne ncnpeuno npe nama na xomnaparnnnom nnany, c osn-
pom na ro a nnx xojnm ce annmo noxasyje npre noenor emona xome
xo ncrounnx Cnonena oronapa eoouo, a ne Bu. Xpo+u aoa je nnaue
nosnar n xomnnexcan ]onxnopnn nnx, xojn ce nnxaxo ne moxe cnecrn na
npocro orenonene noene crnxnje. Ocnm rora, n mornn ncneena na
mocry nsnopno ne mopa nmarn nese ca noom. Pan ce o cnmony xojn
je y cnnunnm xonrexcrnma marnjcxor neuena mnpoxo pacnpocrpanen n
mane-nnme jacan: mocr ry npecrana npenas ca onor cnera na onaj, a
neuene na nemy opas je onocrpanor nyronana npaua-mamana npexo rpa-
nnne xoja pasnaja na cnera pan nonpahaja oerne onecnnxone yme.
Hehe nrn cnyuajno mro ce ,Tanon mocr' nanasn y ceny Bpa:ee Iaf, a
nsna aouua Bpooa y Tennjama nxe ce nerenama oannjeno Bpa:eeo
Bpoo. Cnnune mamanncrnuxe npecrane neh cy npenosnare y ncrouno-
cnonencxoj rpannnjn o Bnjy. Ho Hpony, Bnj je nexa npcra mamana mehy
hanonnma, rj. y napcrny mprnnx, cnoconor a nnn xnne ye na ncrn
naunn na xojn xnnn, onosemacxn maman jennn nma moh a nnn mprne
(Hponn 1946, 60), a no yennom rymaueny Bjauecnana Hnanona, Xoma
Fpyr ymnpe saro mro je norneanmn Bnja y oun sanpano crynno y napcrno
mprnnx (Hnanon 1973, 156; yn. Hnntxn 1979, 202).
Hpecrana o mocry xojn enn onaj cner o onora cpehe ce n nnaue
y cpncxom ]onxnopy, noceno y neponany a ycxa yma no cmprn ne
y paj npexo naxna mocrom nnn pnnom xojn ce npe npanenom ymom
mnpn, a npe rpemnom cyxana xao naxa, raxo a ona naa y naxao. Ca
onnm neponanem je nesan n raxohe neoma pacnpocrpanen mornn cnpo-
nonnxa ympnnx yma: najuemhe je ro Cnern Apxanheo. Ennae y cnojoj
cnnresn o mamannsmy (Eliade 1968) xoncraryje a cy cnnune npecrane
pacnpocrpanene o Kanxasa o Hnonesnje n npernocrana a cy ce no
5
aa xonyapcxnx npeana, pasyme ce, nnje jennn n npxonnn hano, neh camo
cnn jenor o mnornx hanona n cam oapen hanoncxnm oconnama. Ty, axne,
nmamo nocna ca hanonom xao renepnuxnm nojmom (,uepr xax poonoe nonxrne':
Toncro 1995, 256). Ho nerono nme n xpomocr ne ocranajy cymne a ce one
pan o erpanpanoj xnnocrasn Xpomor ae xao hanoncxor napa (rnannn hano
je n xo Pyca xpom, yn. Toncro, op. cit. 246 .). Bro ce rnue anarcxor ae,
on jecre osnauen xao ,najcrapnjn hano'; ne nocn, oyme, cnoj nnaue yonuajen
ennrer xpo+u, no y Fanary nocrojn neponane o xpo+o+ oeoy aeuoy sa xora je
nsnera npernocranxa a moxe nrn y nesn ca Xpomnm aom (Toncro 1990,
104105).
Anexcanap Homa 132
cnemy cyehn mnpnne ns nnonpancxor nsnopa. Cnooan 3euennh y
cnojoj xnnsn o xynry mprnnx xo Cpa (1982, 2531) sanaxa a y xpyry
cnnunnx neponana xo pasnnx nnoenponcxnx napoa cpncxa croje napo-
unro nncxo npancxnm, na ca jene crpane yxasyje na cpocrno crapnx
Cnonena n Hpanana, a ca pyre nomnma na nepcnjcxn yrnnaj na Cpe
nocpecrnom Typaxa, npema npema onoj pyroj npernocrannn nspaxana
ry pesepny, a cy raxna neponana npncyrna n y cpncxnm ernnuxnm oasama
na cenepy, y Mahapcxoj n Pymynnjn, re Typnn nncy nmann yrorpajnor
n nenocpenor yrnnaja, nsmehy ocranor y Fanary, re je Epeanonnh
ycranonno jean crapnjn cnonencxn cnoj xojn nnxaa nnje npenasno Ca-
ny n ynan. Y npnnor raxnom mnmeny nmao n anarcxn Xpomn aa
no ,Tanonm mocrom', ox n na moryhnocr a one nnax nma nosnnjnx
opnjenrannnx npnmeca yxasnnana ropenomenyra ynora xona n nnxonor
,oxynana anpe'.
Ham nanas, a cpncxn nnx Xpomor ae xao uynapa mocra na npe-
nasy ns onor y onaj cner oronapa ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy omoryhyje
npennsnnje carneanane raxo nocranenor nponema na mnpem xomnapa-
rnnnom nnany. Y crapoj npancxoj mnronornjn yme nocne cmprn ny na
mocr unnnar xojn non y paj na ney npexo nponannje xoja npecrana
napcrno 3nor yxa-Axpnmana, axne naxao. Ho sopoacrpnjcxom neponany
yme onya non Cpaoma, Axypamasnn ,nocnymnn' nomohnnx, nexa np-
cra apxanhena, no y nexnennjcxom cnncy ,Fynaxnmn' opaxeno je pannje,
npesopoacrpnjcxo cxnarane, no xojem ry ynory nrpa crapo nnonpancxo
oxancrno Bajy, ynojeno y ne xnnocrase, opy n sny. ,opn Bajy'
(Vi i vh) ysnma sa pyxy npanennxe n onon nx na neo, ox rpemnnxe
neron anrnno, ,3nn Bajy' (Vi i vattar) ynja, no unm ce cnaxaxo nopa-
symena a on nnxone yme opymana ca mocra unnnar y esan naxna (yn.
Wikander 1941, 18). aa xojn ann ye y nnponnma nehe nrn nnmra
pyro nero onecax onora emona cmprn, rnm npe mro ce n nnaue npenas
ca onor cnera na onaj moxe npojexronarn na semacxy noy: raxo ce y
ncrounoj Cpnjn npe uerpeceronennn nomen nonarano pnno npexo
nexe noe: unn nmnrarnnne marnje xome je cnpxa a ce noxojnnxonoj ymn
nomorne npn npenacxy npexo mocra y paj (3euennh 1982, 29).
Ynanna noyapnocr nnxona npancxor Bajya n cpncxor Xpomor
ae y neponannma nesannm sa nyr na onaj cner n ananorna ynora Bnja xao
nparapa napcrna mprnnx xoja nponsnasn ns naneennx sanaxana Hpona n
Hnanona omoryhyjy a ce neh npernocranena ernmonomxa nesa nsmehy
npancxor reonnma Jyu n mnronomxor nmena Bu nocrann na unpmhy
capxnncxy nonory. B. H. Aajen npnn je (Aaen 1958; 1965, 111 .)
yxasao na moryhnocr a nsa yxp. Bu crojn crapn cnonencxn reonnm *Jefi
(*Jefi?) nenrnuan nnonpancxom Jyu-. Hexn, xao O. H. Tpyauen, o-
133 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
anyjy ry ernmonornjy, nopnuyhn cponocr nejy npecrana. Aajen je,
oyme, yxasao na cemanrnuxn napanennsam nsmehy Bnja na jenoj, npan-
cxor Bajya n emoncxnx nnona vyug-a y ocercxnm npeannma na pyroj
crpann; nerony aprymenrannjy onynyjy n npoyanajy Fonrap-Hennn
n Ipanroncxn (1983, 7784); nena cymrnna je y rome, a je, y cxnay ca
rope naneennm Hpononnm n Hnanonennm sanaxannma, n Bnj, xao n
Bajy, nparap napcrna mprnnx. 3annmnna n morna nrn n ra ananornja,
a cy nejysn uyonnmnn ropocracn, a y npnonrnoj nepsnjn Ioroene
npnnonerxe Bnj je ,xaxo-ro opas uenoneuecxn ncnonnncxoro pocra',
no mn ne snamo xojy je Bnjony npry Ioro yseo ns naponor neponana:
nnoncxn nnn senacr crac, a xoja je nno nerone nnrepnennnje. Moryhe
je a cy oe ayrenrnune ]onxnopne. Mehyrnm, y Ioroenoj npnun neo-
craje jean era xapaxrepncrnuan sa npancxe rpannnje: mornn mocra.
Bajyy xojn non yme ympnnx npexo mocra unnnar oronapa ocercxn
Bejyr xojn crojn na nparnma napcrna mprnnx o xojnx ce onasn npexo
jenor mocra: naxno je a onaj era ]nrypnpa y rexcry xojn ce nsrona-
pa y cxnony neoma apxanunor opea nocnehena xona noxojnnxy n xojn
sanpano npecrana ynyrcrno noxojnnxonoj ymn xaxo a ocne y cnoje
neuno opannmre. aa, xojn ce y rope pasmorpenoj cpncxoj rpannnjn
jana xao ounr nanan Ioroeny Bnjy, a ncronpemeno je uynap mocra
xojn non na onaj cner, na raj naunn nocpeno nornphyje ynncxy nesy
nsmehy Bnja n npancxor Bajya. Aaen pauyna ca npacpocrnom cn. *Jefi
n nnonpan. Jyu- na nnoenponcxoj pannn, no axo ra nesa crojn npe n
ce morno nomnmarn na cnonencxy nosajmnny ns npancxor (yn. Cvetko-
Oresnik 1983, 201).
Ernmonornjn Bu : Jyu- npornncrana ce rymauene yxpajnncxor
mnronomxor nmena ns cnonencxnx jesnuxnx cpecrana. Hpe cnera ce ono,
c osnpom na Bnjone o seme cnymrene oune xanxe, nesyje ca peujy ve-
fa xoja ynpano ro snaun y ncrounocnonencxnm ronopnma (yn. 3CYM s.v.
ei). Hnanon y naneenom pay mnpn ro ernmonomxo nonesnnane na nns
pyrnx cnonencxnx peun, mehy nnma sa jyxnocnonencxn nasnn xencxnx
emona eu.a. To n ca cnoje crpane nmano norxpeny y oxonnocrn a ce xao
cpncxn nanan Bnjy jana n eu.a. Ho nerenn xojy je y npnoj nononnnn
npomnor nexa cnymana n onnnje saenexnna y cnom ponom Bpnnxy, y
Cpemy, Mnnnna Crojannonnh-Cpnxnna, y xynn Bpnnuxor rpaa cnana
najcrapnja nnna, o xoje cy cne pyre nnne, n xoja ne moxe cama a ornopn
oun, nero je y nponehe nsney nene ynyxe n npaynyxe n nonrny joj rpena-
nnne, na nx pxe ox ona ne nnn xojn he onax rora nera na xojy crpany
nocnarn (1862, 171 .). Moxe ce ysern a n one nmamo mnronomxn nnx
ananoran Bnjy, rnm npe mro non nha ca xannnma o seme n y ncrounnx
Cnonena napnpa, na je ro xarxaa nemrnna eeoi+a. ne moryhnocrn
Anexcanap Homa 134
rymauena nmena Buf xoje cmo naannnn unne ce mehycono npornnpeu-
ne, jep ce nnonpancxn reonnm Jyu-, xao n cpoan npnn eo nnrancxor
nmena ora nerpa Jefo-patis, nsnon o rnaroncxor xopena v- ynarn`
ne. *ve
-
-, xojn je n y cn. ve-tr, ox n peu eu.a nna o cnon. rnarona eumu
xome y Anecrn oronapa vay- ronnrn`. Ono nocnene nsnohene opo
ce cnaxe ca ]ynxnnjom xojy nma ,najcrapnja nnna' y naneenoj cpemcxoj
nerenn: ona ry ncryna xao emon nerpa xojn ycmepana onaxe, pyrnm
peunma opehyje npanne nerpona xojn nx eufy, rone npexo nea: rpea nn
narnacnrn a ce y rom cermenry namer nopehena oner npojanyje ]ynx-
nnonanna nncxocr ca nnonpancxnm Bajyom, xojn je y ocnonn or nerpa
n onyje. Ho npornnpeunocr xoja ce rnue xpajner nnoenponcxor nopexna
peun n xoja ce saomrpeno nocrana npe moepne ernmonore morna je y
mehynpemeny nsneern sa jesnuxo ocehane n nspncarn ce y ronopnoj
n xynrnoj ynorpen. Crapn Hpannn oxnnanann cy reonnm Jayu- xao
nsneen o rnarona vay- ronnrn`, npacponor cnonencxom viti. O rome
cneoun xnmna Anecre nocnehena Bajyy, xoja crana ory y ycra onaxno
rymauene concrnenor nmena: ,Ja ce sonem Jayu saro, mro nporonnm
(vayemi) ooja crnopena, n ona xoja je crnopno Cnern yx, n ona xoja je
crnopno 3nn yx' (yn. Wikander 1941, 7). a ro ne rpea cxnarnrn xao
nponsnony nrpapnjy ayropa xnmne cneoun unnennna a ce y nenoxyn-
noj nncmenocrn ,Anecre' reonnm Jayu nnme ca xparxnm ymecro ouexn-
nanor yror a, mro ce ne a ojacnnrn pyxunje nero ejcrnom neronor
napernmonomxor nacnanana na rnaroncxn xopen vay- (op.cit. 15).
6
Hame ncrpaxnnane ce nocreneno ca pannn emononornje npeno-
cn na nnmy mnronomxy panan, jep nac je na jenoj crpann Bu oneo o
Jayu-a, jenor neoma naxnor craponpancxor oxancrna, a na pyroj crpann
cpncxn Xpo+u aoa non nac npexo nerenapnor nnxa Foxjer cynapnnxa
aooea o a+ooea, jenora o orona crapopycxor nanreona. 3a ae
nopehene naxno je oe carnearn npnpoy npancxor Bajya, y cnerny y
6
Tnme ce penarnnnsyje Iepmennuena xpnrnxa nmesnnonor (G. Dumzil) nsnohe-
na ocer. vfug nn` o Jayu- (xoje nsm. ocrannx npnxnara n Aaen). Iepmennu
npernocrana a je ocercxn mnronomxn nasnn nsnopno snauno ronnu ~ nonan`,
nosnnajyhn ce na cor. wywq *vayuka- nonan` n ocercxn rnaron vain rpua-
rn` crnpan. vay- ronnrn` (Gershevitch 1959, 321 ; nope nera, cymny y nesy
vfug : Jayu- ncxasao je n E. Benveniste, a y nesy Jayu- : Bu O. H. Tpyauen,
yn. Fonrap-Hennn/Ipanroncxn l.c.). Konramnnannja nejy ocnona y ,Anecrn',
xao n nomenyra ]ynxnnonanna noyapnocr nejyra n Bajya y ]opmynanunnm
rexcronnma o nyry yme na onaj cner, jacno ounryjy a nsa ocercxnx vyug-a,
es osnpa na enenryanny ernmonomxy peun nesy ca vay- ronnrn, nonnrn`, n
nmenom n npecranom crojn crapn npancxn or Jayu-.
135 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
xojem je npeouana Hermann Lommel. Ho Homeny, Bajy, xojn ce no ncrnm
nmenom cpehe n xo crapnx Hnnjana, nnje nyxa nepconn]nxannja nerpa
ro je or Jta, xojn je raxohe sajennuxo nnonpancxo nacnehe neh
onnuene nasyxa, xoje oyxnara ne camo armoc]epcxe ]enomene xaxnn
cy nerap n onyja, nero n ax xojnm uonexy nna yaxnyr xnnor n xojn ra
nanymra na nsncajy; crora je on oxancrno xpaja n nouerxa, xnnora n
cmprn (Lommel 1927, 143150). Y Beama ro cxnarane onasn o nspa-
xaja xpos npno mecro xoje Bajy peonno nma y nnryprnjcxom opahany
oronnma n xoje je na npnn norne neonuno jep on nnaue y craponnnj-
cxoj pennrnjn nema nexy ncraxnyry ynory nnrn pasnnjeny mnronornjy.
Ko crapnx nax Hpanana ono je ynory ncnxonomna saro mro onnuana
armoc]epy xoja pasnaja semy o nea n y xojoj ocrajy a nye yme
onnx xojn ne oy nn na neo nn y naxao, cnnuno xao mro ce y Cpa ne-
cmnpene yme yronennxa n camoynna samnmajy y nerpy xojn non
onyjne onaxe. Ko Cpa cmo ce neh ynosnann ca ,najcrapnjnm hanonom'
xojn no noom nnaa ymama yn xoje je yronno n xojn nocn nme aoa,
a jena npnnonerxa ns Kpymenna npnxasyje nam Xpo+oe aoy xao nnaapa
na necmnpennm ymama rpemnnxa yonmre, nesanncno o naunna cmprn
(Tophennh 1953, 18 n 36). 3nauajno je a raxny nnacr nma y maunancxoj
cxacxn aooe. Hme aooe, o xora je aoa nsneeno xao xnnoxopncrnx,
ry nocn cynapnnx neecxor Fora. Hsmehy nnx nojnne nocrojn noroa
a aory ny nocne cmprn rpemne yme, a neecxom Fory npanene. Y
cyxoy ca Foxjnm cnnom aor pasjann ueycrn o seme o nea a ra
nporyra, no onaj my sarnann xone mehy nnnnne n on ocrane saynex raxo
(Bnna 2, Feorpa 1866, crp. 642). Y onoj cxacxn ocaamnn xomenraropn
na ueny ca Jarnhem (Jarnh 1881; yn. Mnnomennh-Tophennh 1971, 163175,
ca aom nnreparypom) jenoymno cy nnenn yrnnaj orymnncxo-ma-
nnxejcxor yannsma, npennhajyhn neno xosmonomxo snauene. Hocpen
je jena napnjanra pacnpocrpanenor mnra o onajany 3eme o Hea:
aor xojn ce, cannaan, namao nsmehy nnx pasnajajyhn nx senom cno-
jnx ueycrn moxe ce cxnarnrn najnpe xao nasyx, armoc]epa, axne ono
mro onnuana npancxn Bajy. Y cxnay c rnm je n mro ce y pyroj cxacxn
ca ncror nopyuja, xoja ronopn o rome xaxo je aor nexornunnm canerom
nomorao Fory a crnopn cner, ncnoana aorona nnacr na nerponnma
(Bnna l.c.; yn. sa napnjanre Tophennh 1958, 1216).
ay nornpy nenrn]nxannje Bnja ca xpomnm aom/aorom
npyxa nam pyrn xpyr cpncxnx npeana o aory, xojn je ycpecpehen
oxo Kyuajne, crapor pynnxa y cpncxom Hoynany. Ty nma po afooe
y xojem no npno pasnnjenoj, o npne nononnne npomnor nexa nnsom sa-
nnca ]nxcnpanoj rpannnjn xnnn Cpeopuu ap, uonexonnxo nhe neno
nnn camo ca rnanom o cpepa, rocnoap pye, yonmre nosemnora nara,
Anexcanap Homa 136
nosemnnx n nexonnrnx noa (Tophennh 1934, 120 .). Cnnune npe-
crane o emoncxom uynapy pynnxa nosnare cy xo Hemana, na nocrojn
npernocranxa a cy one Cpnma omne o cacxnx pyapa, xojn cy y cpe-
nem nexy nnn npncyrnn y nehnnn cpncxnx pynnxa, na n y Kyuajnn. Ho
npeana o Cpepnom napy capxe n mornne xojn nemajy mnoro nese ca
pynnuxnm emonnma, npe cnera mornn orere Hepce]one, npexo xora ce
raj nnx onon y nesy ca xpanuxnm nonopxama n ca nosnarnm naanem
xena y rpanc y yoxoj: peu je o apxanunnm onuajnma y rom eny Cp-
nje xojn cy npemencxn ]nxcnpann sa xpnmhancxn npasnnx yxona nnn
Tpojnna, xojn mehyrnm nmajy cnoje nperxpnmhancxe xopene na Fanxany
y anrnuxom npasnnxy ,Pycaa' (Rosalia). Y Kyuajnn je apxeonomxn ycra-
nonen anrnuxn pynnx, a npeno je naxne a cy nexa npeana cnnuna
xyuajncxnm saenexena y Cpemy n cpncxoj Hocannnn, re ce mory nesarn
sa pyrn pnmcxn pyapcxn nenrap na nnannnn Hepy. Cne ono ynyhyje na
npernocranxy a nnx Cpepnor napa nma cyncrparny nonory. Hajnpe
nomnmamo na rpauxor 3anmoxcna, nnaapa nosemnor cnera sa xora je
nna nesana cnojenpcna mncrepnja cnaca n xojn je nsrnea one, a n pyre
nnao noncronehen ca rpuxnm Acxnennjem, orom xome rpuxa mnronornja
npnnncyje cnoconocr ne camo a neun xnne, neh n a nacxpcana mprne.
Kynr Acxnennja (Ecxynana) ennrpa]cxn je nocneouen y Kyuajnn, a jena
nerena nomnne nexonnry noy y nnsnnn crannmra Cpepnor napa. Hme
sa po, a npnonrno cnaxaxo sa nerona mnrcxor cranapa afooe nno n
ry cnojenpcna interpretatio Slavica xoja je nmana cnoje ynopnmre ne camo
y ]ynxnnjn anaona nara nspaxenoj snauenem (nnn jennm o mory-
hnx snauena) rora nmena, nero n y ecxaronomxoj ynosn xojy cmo ynpano
carneann xo aora, a xaxny je mopao nmarn n neron npecnonencxn
nperxonnx y onom eny Hoynana, no ro 3anmoxcn nnn nexo pyro
oxancrno. Bro ce nax rnue acnexra Cpepnor napa xao rocnoapa no-
semnnx nara, nn ry nnje norpeno nocesarn sa repmancxnm acrparom,
jep cmo nnenn a je aa/aor nsnopno ncroneran ncrounocnonencxom
Bnjy, a sa Bnja Ioro y nanomenn ys nacnon ncronmene npnnonerxe ne-
nn a je ro no manopycxoj npasnonepnnn ua:a.iuur euo+oe, crapemnna
rnoma, rj. naryaxa nnn ropcxnx yxona xojn xnne y ynnama seme n
uynajy pyna nara. aora/Xpomor ay nonesyje ca emonnma pynnxa
y cpncxom neponany n jean xapaxrepncrnuan arpnyr npnena xana.
7

Hcrn era cpenn cmo na pyroj crpann xo noenor emona, ca xojnm ce
Cpepnn nap/ajor moxe nopenrn n no pyrnm ocnonnma: xao rocnoap
nosemnnx noa, nnaap na mprnnma n ananan ona (xoje je xo jenor
nspaxeno y ynonennm pnama, a xo pyror y nnemennrnm pyama).
Ca Cpepnnm Hapem, xojer cmo ce y onoj npnnnnn mornn camo ne-
rnmnne orahn, ne npexna ce nanan mehycono cxonuannx nponema,
137 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
xaxnn cy: onoc cpncxor aora npema crapopycxom axory, xonrexcr
y xojem oa nnxa ncrynajy xao mnrcxn npenn, npano snauene noncrone-
hena axora ca Xennjem y npenoy Manannne xponnxe, neron onoc
npema Xopcy n Crpnory ynyrap Bnanmnponor nanreona, nopexno n
snauene reonnma *Daaibog n *Xrs, nynapne npre xo aora n cpo-
nnx ]nrypa y cpncxom ]onxnopy, mehycona cponocr npancxor Bajya,
cpncxor aora, repmancxor Boana, moxa n anrcxor Bejonarnja n
rpauxor Xepoja, nponem cnonencxor yannsma, ayrenrnunocr Xenmon-
onor uapnooxa y cnerny cpncxnx napanena n nerona nenrn]nxannja
ca aorom nr.
8

7
CE3 50/1934, 175. H ne snajyhn sa anarcxy rpannnjy o an n Tanoem
mocry, uajxanonnh (1941, 435) npneny xany ysnma sa aoron arpnyr, ouynan
ne camo y neponany o pynnuxnm emonnma, nero n y norpennm onuajnma,
jep ra onja mymxn noxojnnx y pasnnm cpncxnm xpajennma (Henau n Temnnh;
Bojna Kpajnna).
8
3a ae nese one pasmorpenor mnronomxo-openor cxnona, noceno ca xy-
uajncxnm Cpepnnm napem n ca crapopycxnm axorom, yn. Loma 1998 n Homa
1998. Besama a(x)ora ca Boanom, Bajyom n Tpauxnm xonannxom annm ce
y cnom npnnory ca nayunor cxyna opxanor nonempa 1995. nonoom 120-ron-
mnnne xnacnune ]nnonornje y Feorpay (sopnnx jom nnje ojanen); yn. caa
Homa 2002, 208 ., 213; ramo n sa maunancxy cxacxy o aory (crp. 222, 225),
xao n sa nponem cnonencxor yannsma (186 .). 3a nme aooe n. OC 23 . Yn.
jom opennny B. B. Hnanona n B. H. Tonopona ca mojom onynom y
C.oeeucra +umo.oeufa 145 .
Anexcanap Homa 138
HHTEPATYPA
Aaen 1958: B. H. Aaen, Opas Bnx n nonecrn Ioronx, Pyccru qo.ir.op,
n. 3, Mocxna/Hennnrpa.
Aaen 1965: B.H. Aaen, Cruqo-eeponecrue usoe.occi. Ha cmire eocmora
u sanaoa, Mocxna.
Fenona 1995: O. B. Fenona, opennna Bn y: C.aeucra +uqo.oeu. Juu-
r.oneou:ecru c.oeapi, Mocxna 1995, crp. 90 .
Fonrap-Hennn/Ipanroncxn 1983: I. M. Fonrap-Hennn / 3. A. Ipanroncxn,
Om Cruquu oo Huouu. peeuue apuu. +uqi u ucmopu, Hsanne nro-
poe, ncnpannennoe n ononnennoe, Mocxna.
Tophennh 1934: T. P. Tophennh, Hau uapoouu +ueom X, Feorpa, 120 .
Tophennh 1953: T. P. Tophennh, Ba+nup u opyea ouha y uaue+ uapoouo+
eepoeany u npeoany, CE3 LXVI, nnor n onuajn naponn 30.
Tophennh 1958: T. P. Tophennh, Hpupooa y eepoeany u npeoany uauee uapo-
oa I, CE3 LXXI, nnor n onuajn naponn 32, Feorpa.
3CYM: Jmu+o.oeu:uu c.oeuur yrpaucro +oeu, Knn 1982.
Innmnh: M. T. Innmnh, Caopaua oe.a III, npnp. I. opamnnonnh n .
Bnarxonnh, Feorpa 1963.
Ioro: H. Ioront, Be:epa ua xymope o.us urauiru. Mupeopoo. Hoeecmu,
Mocxna 1959.
3euennh 1981: C. 3euennh, Mumcra ouha cpncrux npeoana, Feorpa.
3euennh 1982: C. 3euennh, Ky.m +pmeux roo Cpoa, Feorpa.
Hnanon B. B. 1971: B. B. Hnanon, O ono napannenn x roronencxomy Bnm,
Tpyoi no suaroei+ cucme+a+, n. 5, Tapry.
Hnanon B. B. 1973: B. B. Hnanon, Kareropnx ,nnnmoro' n ,nennnmoro'
n rexcre. Eme pas o nocrounocnanxncxnx ]ontxnopntx napannenxx
x roronencxomy Bnm, Structure of texts ana semiotics of culture, The
Hague/Paris, 151176.
Hnanon B. B. 1989: H. Hro, Omecnanxncxn ]ontxnopnt ncrounnx roro-
nencxoro ,Bnx', Hseecmu Araoe+uu uayr CCCP, Cepu .umepamypi
u sira 1989, 5.
Henxnencxax 1998: E. E. Henxnencxax, K nonpocy o ono mncrn]nxannn
nnn roronencxn Bn npn cnere yxpanncxo mn]onornn, Stuaia mytho-
logica Slavica 1, Ljubljana/Pisa, 307315.
Homa 1998: A. Homa, pennne cnanxncxne oxecrna y cepon, uea cma-
puua 1 (17) 98, Mocxna, crp. 24.
Homa 2002: A. Homa, Hparocoeo. C.oeeucru u uuooeeponcru ropeuu cpncre
enure, Feorpa.
Mnnnhennh 1876: M. T. Mnnnhennh, Kue+eeuua Cpoufa III.
139 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
Mnnomennh-Tophennh 1971: H. Mnnomennh-Tophennh, 3afeouu:ra me+am-
cro-cu+efua ocuoea cpncroxpeamcrux ueucmopufcrux encrux neca+a u
nposue mpaouufe ( unnonomxn ]axynrer Feorpacxor ynnnepsnrera.
Monorpa]nje xn. XLI), Feorpa.
MHM: Muqi uapoooe +upa, Juur.oneou I-II, Mocxna
2
198788.
Hasapencxn 1969: A. A. Hasapencxn, Bn n nonecrn Ioronx n Kactxn n
napontx noneptxx o 29 ]enpanx, Bonpoci pyccro .umepamypi,
Htnon.
OC: Ernmonomxn ocex Hncrnryra sa cpncxn jesnx CAHY, Oe.eoua ceecra,
Feorpa 1998
Herponnh 1929: H. . Herponnh, Tanon mocr na Hepn xo Bpauenor Iaja
y Fanary, 3anucu. :aconuc sa uayry u rnu+eeuocm, Hernne, xn. IV,
cn. 2, ]epyap 1929, crp. 119.
Herponnh 1949: H. . Herponnh, Ly+aoucra Ko.yoapa, CE3 LIX, Hacea
31, Feorpa.
Hponn 1946: B. X. Hponn, Hcmopu:ecrue ropuu eo.ueouo crasru, Hennn-
rpa 1946.
Paenxonnh 2000: . Paenxonnh, Mnronomxn cranonnnnn noa noenax,
auua sa 2001, Byxona sayxnna, Feorpa, crp. 310316.
Paonanonnh-Epnh 1981: F. Paonanonnh-Epnh, aouua eooeuua .eeeuoe
us oro.uue Beoepaoa, Feorpa.
CE3: Cpncru emuoepaqcru soopuur Cpncxe axaemnje nayxa n ymernocrn,
Feorpa.
C.oeeucra +umo.oeufa: C. M. Toncroj / . Paenxonnh (pe.), C.oeeucra
+umo.oeufa. Euur.oneoufcru pe:uur, Feorpa 2001.
Crojannonnh 1862: Mnnnna Crojannonnh Cpnxnna, V 4pyurof Iopu II,
3emyn 1862, non. ns. Feorpa 1985.
Toncro 1990: H. H. Toncro: Jyxnocnanxncxne Tooopua/Tooopoeoeu. O-
px, ero crpyxrypa n reorpa]nx, Ba.raucrue :meuu 1. Cu+nosuy+
no cmpyrmype mercma, Hncrnryr cnanxnoneennx n anxanncrnxn
Axaemnn nayx CCCP, Mocxna, 101109.
Toncro 1995: H. H. Toncro, Bsir u uapooua ry.imypa. O:epru no c.aeu-
cro +uqo.oeuu u omuo.uueeucmure, Mocxna.
uanjannh 1964: P. uanjannh: Hap yxannn y naponnm npeannma,
I.acuur Emuoepaqcroe +ysefa ua Hemuny IV, 373384.
Hnntxn 1979: T. B. Hnntxn, Kareropnx nnnmoro/nennnmoro: Fanxancxne
maprnnannn, Balcanica. Huueeucmu:ecrue ucc.eooeauu, Mocxna.
uajxanonnh 1941: B. uajxanonnh, O epxoeuo+ ooey y cmapof cpncrof pe.ueufu,
Hocena nsana CKA xn. CXXXII, unnoco]cxn n ]nnonomxn cnn-
cn xn. 34, Feorpa 1941, npemramnano y id., Mum u pe.ueufa y Cpoa,
Feorpa 1973, crp. 307462 .
*
Cvetko-Oresnik 1983: V. Cvetko-Oresnik, Zu neueren iranisch-baltoslavischen
Isoglossen-Vorschlagen, Linguistica XXIII, Ljubljana, 175256.
Anexcanap Homa 140
Eliade 1968: M. Eliade, Le chamanisme et les techniques archaques ae lex-
tase, Paris.
Fabijanic 1964: R. Filipovic-Fabijanic, Narodna medicina i narodna verovanja,
Glasnik Zemalfskog mu:efa Etnologifa XIX, Sarajevo.
Gershevitch 1959: I.Gershevitch, The Avestan Hymn to Mithra, Cambridge.
Jagic 1881: V. Jagic, Mythologische Skizzen. II Da:abog-Da:bog-Dabog, Ar-
chiv fr slavische Philologie 5, 114.
Loma 1998: A. Loma, Interpretationes Slavicae. Some Early Mythological Glos-
ses, Stuaia mythologica Slavica 1, Ljubljana/Pisa, 4553.
Lommel 1927: H. Lommel, Die Ysts aes Awesta, Gttingen/Leipzig.
Stulli: M. Boskovic-Stulli (prir.), Usmene pripovifetke i preaafe, Zagreb 1997.
Wikander 1941: St. Wikander, Jayu. Texte una Untersuchungen :ur inao-ira-
nischen Religionsgeschichte I (Quaestiones Indo-Iranicae 1), Uppsa-
la/Leipzig.
SOME SERBIAN PARALLELS TO THE EAST-SLAVIC VIJ
S u m m a r y
Jif is a kind oI monster or rather an archidaemon, appearing in the fnale
oI Gogol`s tale thus entitled. The recent Iolkloric research confrms that an analo-
gous fgure is rooted in the East Slavic tradition. In a story inspired, too, by the
popular belieIs, the 19
th
century Serbian author Milovan Glisic introduces, under
similar circumstances, a similar demoniac personage. The resemblance between
the both stories consists in the hero spending the night alone in a haunted place
and being exposed to more and more dangerous attacks oI the evil Iorce, which
culminate in the appearance oI a lame creature with deeply pending eyelids:
in Gogol it is called Jif, in Glisic simply graoba monster`. In view oI the Iact
that the young Glisic was largely infuenced by Gogol, a pure imitation oI the
latter by the Iormer can not be excluded; nevertheless, it seems more probable
that in this particular point the Serbian story-writer is not slavishly imitating the
great Russian, but rather Iollowing his example in using some traditional topic
he knew Irom his own country, Ior in the Iolklore oI this, north-western part oI
Serbia and oI some other Serbian regions very close parallels to Glisic`s narra-
tive are to be Iound, which match also its details disagreeing with the Gogol`s
story. The main diIIerence consists in Gogol`s hero being unwillingly closed in
an empty church and fnally put to death by taking the look at the monster, Jif,
while Glisic`s hero spends the night on a bridge voluntarily subjecting himselI
141 Hexe cpncxe napanene ncrounocnonencxom Bnjy
to the demonic temptation, in order to fnd a cure oI a disease provoked by di-
abolic charms. Such a healing procedure is more than a Iolk tale motiI; as late
as the frst halI oI the 20
th
century it was practised in Serbian Banat, where the
patient (mostly a mentally handicapped child) used to be let to spend the night
alone on the so-called Devil`s bridge (avolfi most) over Nera river and to
expect the epiphany oI the oldest devil, Daba (it was desirable to see only the
top oI Daba`s red cap emerging, and not his Iace). In a widespread Serbian su-
perstition, Hromi (,The Lame') Daba is the king oI devils, and there are some
place names and local legends indicating that Glisic`s monster was originally
identical with him. As Ior Ukrainian Jif, Abaev and some other scholars compa-
red him with the Iranian Jayu, in regard both to his name and to his Iunction oI
the doorkeeper in the kingdom oI dead. The Serbian evidence corroborates this
comparison by supplying the characteristic motiI lacking in the East-Slavic
tradition oI a bridge between this and the other world; in the Zoroastrism, it is
the ,Good Vayu', Ji i veh, who conducts the righteous souls oI dead over the
Cinvat-bridge to the paradise, while his evil hypostasis Ji i vattar prosecutes
the impious ones. Vayu is believed to play this double role because he personi-
fes the atmosphere, i.e. the element mediating between the earth and the sky,
where the souls oI dead keep roaming, who are prohibited Irom approaching to
heaven. Daba deriving Irom Dabog, the Serbian ,Lame Devil' can be traced
back to the legendary personage thus named, fguring in the Iolk tales Irom
Macva as the dualistic rival oI God, who rules over the evil souls not unlike
the ,Evil Vayu' and fnishes up by being fxed between the earth and the sky,
which recalls the archaic cosmogonical myth about the separation oI the primor-
dial couple, Mother Earth and Father Sky, by creating the airspace in between.
In another legend Dabog`s aIfnity to the winds is maniIested, corresponding
to the nature oI the Indo-Iranian Vyu, who is above all a windgod. A Iurther
Iunctional tie can be established between Gogol`s Vij, said to be the chieI oI
the gnomes, and NE Serbian ,Silver King' oI the miners`legends, the master
oI underground treasures, whose name seems to have been originally Dafbog.
All this can throw a new light on the relationship oI Serbian Da(f)bog/Daba to
the homonimous Old-Russian god Da:(a)ibog, as well on the much-discussed
problem oI Slavic dualism.