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. .
. .
. .
7. . .
. (
).
8. .
( ). , , ,
. (.. , ,
) .
.
. , . .
9. ( , Bennettitales ) .
, .
. . . ,
. , , ,
(terebratulid rhynchonellid).
.
10. ,
. .
, , . Dicrodium.
. .
.
.
11. . (
), .
. .
. , ,
. .
95% .
12. , (
) . .
, (Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, Calamites, Cordaites, ...),
. , , , , ...
.
13. , , .
.
, ( ), ,
. .
.
14. , (
, (). () .
(strophomenid atrypid),
. .
. (armoured agnaths) .
- (, ) .
( ). ().
15. , ,
. .
, , (Pentamerida, Rhynchonellida ...)
. . .

16. .
, (, ...) , , ,
, , (, , ...)
.
. . .
17. .
.
. : , priapulida, ,
. . .
edicarian , .
18. . edicarian (vendobionta) .
. .
19. . .
20.
21. () .
22.
23.
24. . ()
25. . Vredefort Sudbury.
.
26. Bushweld. Huronian .
27. .
28. .
29. .
30. .
31.
32. 4100 - .
33. 4400 , 4570 .