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What Is Immediate Assignment In GSM?

Immediate assignment in GSM it is for assign an SDCCH channel for the mobile, whatever the reason is, LU(location update) or MOC(mobile originating call) Immediate assignment procedure The IMMEDIATE ASSIGN message facilitates the assignment of the MS onto an SDCCH channel. Correspondingly, the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN REJECT message facilitates the refusal of the access. If the SDCCH reservation or activation fails, the BSC sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN REJECT message to the MS. The GSM timer T3101 supervises the immediate assignment procedure. The immediate assignment procedure is presented in the following figure:

IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message After a successful SDCCH activation, the BSC sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message (a) to the BTS. This message contains the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN message which the BTS sends to the MS. The IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message includes the following data:

Message header Message type Channel number Immediate assign information

The immediate assign information contains the complete IMMEDIATE ASSIGN message, which contains the following data: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Pseudo length Message header Page mode: normal paging Channel description of the allocated SDCCH, the associated SACCH and hopping frequency Request reference as sent by the MS in the channel request Initial timing advance Mobile allocation, if frequency hopping is used Rest octet
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IMMEDIATE ASSIGN message, SABM, UA frame After receiving the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN message, the MS tunes to the assigned SDCCH and starts to establish the signalling link across the network. The MS sends the layer 2 SABM to the BTS on the SDCCH. The SABM (c) contains a layer 3 service request message. The MS specifies the required service type to the network with the service request message. The service request message includes one of the following:1. CM SERVICE REQUEST - for mobile originated calls and mobile originated SMSS contains header

CM service type: MO call/SMS/SS/ emergency call Ciphering key sequence number MS classmark 2 Mobile identity

2. LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST 3. IMSI DETACH 4. PAGING RESPONSE - for mobile terminated calls and mobile terminated SMSS contains

header ciphering key sequence number MS classmark 2 mobile identity.

5. CM RE-ESTABLISHMENT REQUEST 6. Emergency setup The BTS acknowledges the SABM by sending the UA frame (e) to the MS. The MS expects this acknowledgement within time T; otherwise it acts as described in 3GPP TS 44.018. ESTABLISH INDICATION message The BTS forwards the MS service request to the BSC in the ESTABLISH INDICATION message (d), which includes the following data:

Message discriminator: radio link layer management Message type: establishment indication Channel number: SDCCH + AGCH Link identifier: main signalling channel SDCCH L3 Information: complete L3 service request as received from the MS.

Having received the ESTABLISH INDICATION message, the BSC starts power control and handover algorithm for SDCCH and starts to initiate the network connection for the MS. Abnormal cases
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If the SDCCH channel reservation or activation fails, the BSC sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message including an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT message to the MS(s). The BSC can reject up to four mobiles with one IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT message assuming that the CHANNEL REQUEST messages have arrived within a fixed time limit. The IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message contains the complete IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT message:

Pseudo length Message header Page mode: normal paging Request reference as sent by the MS in the channel request Rest octet.

If the BTS is for some reason unable to send the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message to the MS, the BTS sends the DELETE INDICATION message to the BSC. The DELETE INDICATION message includes the following fields:

Message type Channel number Full immediate assign information.

After receiving the DELETE INDICATION message, the BSC releases the dedicated radio channel by sending the RF CHANNEL RELEASE message to the BTS.If the ESTABLISH INDICATION message received during call setup is either empty or corrupted, the call attempt will be cleared and all resources released.
Assignment completion 3.3.1.4 The immediate assignment procedure is terminated on the network side when the main signalling link is established. Timer T3101 is stopped and the MM sublayer on the network side is informed that an RR connection exists. On the mobile station side, the procedure is terminated when the establishment of the main signalling link is confirmed. The MM sublayer is informed that an RR connection exists.

1.10 Immediate Assignment Procedure The purpose of immediate assignment is to establish a radio connection (RR connection) between MS and system at Um interface. 1.10.1 Network Access License and Random Access Request The request of MS for channel assignment is controlled by its own access level and the access grant level broadcast in cell. Each MS has one access level of the ten levels from 0 to 9. In addition, it may also have one or several levels of the five special access levels from l1 to 15. Access level is stored in 3

SIM card. BCCH system information broadcasts access levels and special access levels that the network grants and the information that whether all MSs allow emergency call or allow special access levels only. If the mobile originated call is not emergency call, the MS can access to network only when it belongs to the granted access level or granted special access level. If the mobile originated call is emergency call, the MS can access to network only when all the MSs in the cell allow emergency call or it belongs to the granted special access level. When an MS wants to establish connection with the network, it sends a channel request to network through RACH channel. Channel request information contains 8-bit useful signaling information, among which 3 bits6 bits are used as the minimal indicator of access cause. The system processes different channel requests based on this rough indication. It differentiates the granted calls from the denied calls and assigns proper channels for the granted calls. This kind of process is especially useful when the network is overload and the flow control is required. Since the channel capacity is limited, this indicator cannot transfer all the information from MS, such as the detailed cause of channel request, user identity and the features of mobile equipment. These kinds of information are sent in the following SABM messages. The 8-bit information also contains the random discriminator sent by the MS and the immediate assignment command (it contains information about the assigned channel). Immediate assignment command carries the discriminator sent by the previous MS. MS compares this discriminator with its own discriminator and judges whether it is the message for itself from network. Since there are at most 5 bits in the 8 bits information carrying discriminator, only 32 MSs can be differentiated at the same time. Further discrimination of the MSs requires the response information at Um interface. Channel request information belongs to internal information of BSS.

How to improve SD Assignment


You may increase timer T3101 to which supervises the immediate assignment procedure. Check BCCH-BSIC problem.If so rectify it. Increase timer T200s to 1020ms. Check for hardware issues like alarm on channel failure on SDCCH channel, faulty bcch trx, path imbalance between UL and DL.

What is the reason of Immediate Assignment failure in idle mode?


Reasons below: - SDCCH Congestion - Phantom(Phantom RACH is kind of non real channel request some time BTS decode noise as channel request )or dummy RACH, - H/W (TRX, Combiner, diplexers, VSWR) - Radio (Coverage, Interference, DL/UL unbalance, ...) also we have expired timers and co bcch and co bsic === phantom rach (T10 < T_MSRFPCI), FR call: (T_MSRFPCI Expiry) FR call: (T10 Expiry) Unsuccessful TCH assignment procedure LAPDm I-Frame 4

with ASSIGNMENT COMMAND not acknowledged by MS (T200 Expiry), FR call Totally all the mentioned reasons posted are causes and if you want to be sure why you have this fail it is beteer to check what the requirement for channel request(MOC,MTC,location update,ememrgency,,,,,,,) ao when you find your request is high for one of them you can understand what is causes. 1. interference: try out of band on BCCH TRX. 2. TMU HW Failure: Replace it. Answer to paging Emergency call Call reestablishment Other services (Orig. call, SMS, SS) Mobile Originating call Location update Other procedures (IMSI detach, SMS, SS, etc.)

Definition : When from the MS SDCCH Request is sent to Base Station and if MS successfully gets the SDCCH in response SDCCH Assignment has done successfully. Analysis : 1. Identify the Bad performing Cells for SDCCH Assignment Success Rate 2. Take the detailed report showing (Ex. Total SDCCH Assignment Request, Total SDCCH Assignment Successful) 3. Follow the below mentioned Process after Analyzing detailed report. 4. From Report Check whether you have Idle SDCCH available in cell or not for SDCCH Assignment, because the Main factor for lowering SDCCH Assignment success rate is SDCCH congestion. 5. Check Hardware/Transmission alarms; Resolve if find any. 6. Audit for any parameters related discrepancies and define as per standard parameters set. 7. RF and Environmental Factors: a. Low Coverage Areas (Try to reduce low coverage patches with physical optimization; New sites) b. Interference/ Bad quality/ UL-DL Imbalance; c. Check the states for TRx on which SDCCH is configured can be issue of TRx also; Change TRx if you found random behavior of TRx. 9. After all rectification observe the subsequent days report if you still find the problem repeat the same process with due care to Pin Point the actual cause. SDCCH Congestion:

Check The SDCCH Requests (Immediate Assignment Measurement Per Cell Report form M2000) Ex. Call purpose, SMS, Location Update If you find High SDCCH Request and low TCH utilization, Check SDCCH Dynamic Allocation Allow feature is enabled or not? if not enable this feature.
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If you have very High SDCCH Request for Location Updating; optimize the LAC boundary. Only For some exceptional cases you can increase the Static SDCCH Time Slots.

Parameter : SDCCH Dynamic Allocation Allowed Description


This parameter indicates whether the SDCCH dynamic allocation is allowed, and whether the dynamic adjustment between TCHs and SDCCHs is allowed. Then the number of GSM subscribers in a cell increases rapidly, many subscribers may fail to access the network due to insufficient SDCCH resources. In this case, the TCHs (including TCH and dynamic PDCH that acts as TCH) must be converted into SDCCHs to ensure the access of most subscribers. The SDCCH dynamic adjustment increases system capacity and reduces the dependence on the calculation accuracy of signaling channel requirement.

Remarks

SDCCH dynamic allocation enables TCHs to be converted into SDCCH. This reduces the number of available TCHs and thus reduces the capability of the TCHs to carry traffic.

Algorithm : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Check RF Coverage Check Immediate assignment on TCH High SMS volume High Location area Update volume Check SDCCH dimensioning Adaptive configuration of Logical Channel

Paging procedure Explanation


Overview:The paging procedure offers the network the means to start the establishment of a mobile terminating call with a given MS. The BSC is able to handle all cell identifier types within the PAGING message. The BSC requires parameters for calculating the Paging Group. In networks with GPRS capability, the PAGING message can also be routed through the SGSN. GPRS-related paging is used when paging an MS for a Circuit Switched or a Packet Switched call on a paging subchannel. The paging subgroup is calculated by the BTS. When
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the BSC receives paging from the SGSN, the BSC sends a CS-PAGING COMMAND or a PS-PAGING COMMAND (for packet data) to the BTS. If the MS does not answer within a given time limit, the MSC repeats the PAGING COMMAND message. PAGING message:The PAGING message received from MSC includes the following data:

Message type MS identity (IMSI) Temporary MS identity (TMSI) (optional) cell identifier list (optional) channel needed (optional)

The cell identifier list identifies the cells where the PAGING message is sent. The BSC is able to handle all cell identifier types. If no cell identifier is included, the BSC pages the mobile in all cells it controls. The channel needed information element (Any channel, SDCCH, TCH/F, TCH/F or TCH/H) is used to indicate to the MS which channel will be needed for the transaction linked to the paging procedure. The inclusion of the channel needed element depends on the MSC.

PAGING COMMAND message The PAGING COMMAND message includes the following data.

message header paging group MS identity channel needed (optional)

The BSC uses the IMSI value received in the PAGING message to calculate the mobile's paging group and sends the PAGING COMMAND (b) message to the BTS. Consequently, the BTS uses the paging group element included in the PAGING COMMAND message to calculate which DRX paging block to use to transmit the PAGING REQUEST MESSAGE (c) to the MS. The CCCH has two alternative configurations that are described below. The CCCH configuration affects the value of the paging group information element that is included in the PAGING COMMAND message.The maximum value of the paging group element is 81. 1. BCCH + CCCH in a 51-frame multiframe 9 CCCH block. 2. BCCH + BCCH + CCCH + 4 SDCCH (stand-alone dedicated control channel) 4 in a 51frame multiframe 3 CCCH block.
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paging group = ((IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHANS x N)) mod N Where, N = number of paging blocks available in one 51-frame multiframe on one CCCH x BS_PA_MFRMS BS_PA_MFRMS = number of multiframes between paging BS_CC_CHANS = number of CCCH channels in a TRX BS_AG_BLKS_RES = number of blocks reserved for access grant, ranges from 0-7 in configuration (i) and 0-2 in configuration (ii) So, N = (9-BS_AG_BLKS_RES)*BS_PA_MFRMS, if CCCH_CONF=0 configuration (i) N = (3-BS_AG_BLKS_RES)*BS_PA_MFRMS, if CCCH_CONF=1 configuration (ii) If the PAGING message includes both a TMSI and IMSI, the TMSI is used. The TMSI is a locally used number inside one Location Area which replaces the IMSI number in call setup. The TMSI improves security and ensures that any significant subscriber information, such as the IMSI, cannot be discovered during call setup. The channel needed element is optional: if the channel needed element is not present, its value is assumed to be 00 (any channel). CS-PAGING COMMAND message

The CS-PAGING COMMAND message includes the following data:


message header MS identity DRX parameter (optional) temporary MS identity (optional) channel needed (optional)

The MS identity (IMSI) is a mandatory information element. The DRX parameter and the temporary MS identity (TMSI) elements are optional. The channel needed element is also optional: its inclusion depends on the MSC. If the channel needed element is not present, its value is assumed to be 00 (any channel). PS-PAGING COMMAND message The PS-PAGING COMMAND message includes the following data:

message header MS identity DRX parameter (optional)


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temporary) MS identity (optional)

Paging Procedures in GSM


Paging is procedure used for identifying the current location of an MS in order to route an incoming call. Three type of Paging Types

1)Type 1 can address up to 2 mobiles using either TMSI or IMSI. 2)Type 2 can address up to 3 mobiles using 1 by IMSI and other 2 by TMSI. 3)Type 3 can address up to 4 mobiles using TMSI only.

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