Primary Sources

Biko, Steve. I Write What I Like: Selected Writings. United States of America: Bowerdean Publishing Company, 1978. Accessed November 17, 2013 This was a collection of writings of Steven Biko. It included information on his black consciousness movement that I included on my website. de Klerk, Frederik W. The Last Trek - a New Beginning. Pan Macmillan, 2000. Accessed November 17, 2013 The autobiography not only talks about F. W de Klerk, but it talks about the policy of Apartheid. I gained information on why Apartheid was created and the steps that led to its demise. de Klerk, Frederik W. Speech. Last modified March 01, 1991. Accessed November 17, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType= &query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroup Name=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy= &source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=G ALE%7CK1616000592 The document is primary because it is a speech that F. W. de Klerk spoke to the people of South Africa about apartheid. It is helpful because it shows de Klerks feelings towards equal rights and it is an important moment in South African history. It is the moment that the people of color learned that apartheid was over. Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom. Hachette Digital, Inc., 2008. Accessed November 17, 2013 This book was useful because not only did it teach me about Nelson Mandelas life, it was written by him so I could understand all of his motive and beliefs. It helped me understand his policy of non-violence and also taught me about the African National Congress. South African Government Information, "Constitution of South Africa." Last modified August 19, 2009. Accessed November 17, 2013. http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/index.htm This is helpful because it states the different rules of South Africa after apartheid. It demonstrates the improvement upon their treatment and desire for equality. It is a primary document because it is the actual constitution of South Africa. Tutu, Desmond. No Future Without Forgiveness. Random House, 2009. Accessed November 17, 2013

This was a book written by Desmond Tutu and it was helpful because it helped me understand his views on the world and towards Apartheid.

Secondary Sources
African Biography, "Desmond Tutu." Last modified February 18, 2010. Accessed November 20, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType= &query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroup Name=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true&displayGroups=&sortBy=& source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GA LE%7CK2421000074 The article is about Desmond Tutu and his history. It talked of Desmond Tutus time fighting against apartheid and his time with the church. It is important because Tutu fought against apartheid and helped bring in the international community. African National Congress, "A brief history of the African National Congress." Last modified 2011. Accessed December 4, 2013. http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=206 The ANC website and article is very helpful because not only did it help me understand what happened, it helped me understand when. There were helpful timelines. It also included information on the goals of the ANC. Amstutz, Mark. International Ethics: Concepts, Theories, and Cases in Global Politics. United Kingdom: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2013. Accessed November 16, 2013 This book was useful because it taught me about the reasoning behind the international sanctions on South Africa, the actual sanctions, and their effects. I included this information in the project and referred back to the book many times. Associated Press, "Anti-Apartheid Protest Attracts Big-Name Politicians, Celebrities." Last modified August 13, 1985. Accessed December 8, 2013. http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1985/Anti-Apartheid-Protest-Attracts-Big-Name-PoliticiansCelebrities/id-9cd037e32e8b67d8d1cd77ff9e60b57e The article is important because it demonstrates the atmosphere in America during apartheid. It shows that the international community was against apartheid and that they are working towards forcing the South African government to end it Barnes, Catherine. Conciliation Resources, Accord Incentives: International isolation and pressure for change in South Africa." Accessed November 20, 2013. http://www.c-r.org/sites/c-

r.org/files/Accord%2019_8International%20isolation%20and%20pressure%20for%20change%2 0in%20South%20Africa_2008_ENG.pdf The article included a large part of the information on the international pressures that South Africa faced to end Apartheid. Barnes talked of the political, economic, and social sides to the isolation and how different countries contributed. This is important because my thesis is about international pressure on South Africa and this supplied me with information. Historic World Leaders, "Hendrik Verwoerd." Last modified 1994. Accessed November 17, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType= &query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroup Name=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy= &source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=G ALE%7CK1616000592 The article about Hendrik Verwoerd explained his rise to power and his beliefs. He is the one who came up with the apartheid idea. That is important to my project because it helped explain the reasoning behind the formation of the apartheid system. Louw, P. Eric. The Rise, Fall, and Legacy of Apartheid. United States of America: Praeger Publishers, 2004. Accessed November 28, 2013 This book helped me understand how Apartheid ended. It gave me information on the laws that were repealed and had some information on the international communitys effects on the regime. Monteith, Mary. Understanding Apartheid. Oxford University Press Southern Africa, 2006. Accessed December 10, 2013 This book was full of quotes that I used on my website. It also gave me background on the internal resistance to Apartheid and helped me understand what was going on in Africa at the time. Newsmakers, "Winnie Mandela." Last modified February 04, 2008. Accessed November 22, 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType= &query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroup Name=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy= &source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=G ALE%7CK1618002527 The article gave information on Winnie Mandela. It talked of her political actions and involvement in apartheid. It also talked of her marriage to Nelson Mandela and her extreme actions. The article is important because Mandela is an important part of the project.

Orkin, Mark. Sanctions Against Apartheid. Southern Africa: David Philip Publishers, 1989. Accessed December 3, 2013 This book was useful because it focused on the international communitys sanctions on South Africa to end Apartheid which was what my thesis is focused on. I was able to learn about the different sanctions and their effects. South Africa Government Online, "Key Issues-Education." Last modified 2013. Accessed November 12, 2013. http://www.gov.za/issues/education/index.html The article and website helped me understand the government of South Africa now. It contributed to the information on the section about South Africa and its government today. It had information on education, and how the government is run. Zunes, Stephen. The Journal of Modern African Studies. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Accessed November 25, 2013 http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/161471?uid=3739696&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4 &uid=3739256&sid=21103106819121 This source taught me about non-violent actions role in the end of Apartheid. Non-violence came up when I researched Nelson Mandela and it is a movement that is still alive today so I wanted to know how much of it was in Apartheid.

Pictography
South Africans protest Apartheid: http://bayareaintifada.wordpress.com/ South Africans protest Apartheid: www.examiner.com Nelson Mandela in jail: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/07/nelson-mandela-1.html Police beating people: http://www.joburgexpat.com/2011/04/trip-back-into-south-africas-history.html Homeland: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid_in_South_Africa Homeland: http://kenopalo.com/2013/08/11/corruption-under-apartheid-south-africa-1976-1994-and-itspresent-institutional-legacy/ South Africans protest Apartheid: nz.news.yahoo.com South African demography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa South African demography:

http://why-we-are-white-refugees.blogspot.com/p/wake-up-whitey.html South African museum: http://sagasouthafrica.over-blog.com/article-apartheid-museum-79840785.html White homes: http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~cwalton/SOLpracticetest1worldtwo.htm Hendrik Verwoerd: http://www.orania.co.za/in-diepte/33ste-hf-verwoerd-gedenklesing-in-die-vorm-van-n-gedig/ Hendrik Verwoerd: http://www.safran-arts.com/hendrik-verwoerd.html Hendrik Verwoerd: http://birdaffi.wordpress.com/2011/05/09/ Hendrik Verwoerd: http://www.volkstaat.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=979:verwoerd-wasnot-a-friend-of-the-boer-nation&catid=108:rsa-southern-african-empire&Itemid=173 D. F. Malan: http://teachers.guardian.co.uk/Guardian_RootRepository/Saras/ContentPackaging/UploadReposi tory/learnpremium/Lesson/learnpremium/histor~00/keystage4/southa~00/theroo~00/the194~00/t he194~00/default.htm D. F. Malan: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0259-01902010000100005 D. F. Malan in the Die Burger Newspaper: http://www.bidorbuy.co.za/item/89794249/Die_Burger_Suid_Afrika_rou_oor_dr_DF_Malan_9_ Februarie_1959.html B. J. Vorster: http://teachers.guardian.co.uk/Guardian_RootRepository/Saras/ContentPackaging/UploadReposi tory/learnpremium/Lesson/learnpremium/histor~00/keystage4/southa~00/whydid~00/pwboth~00 /pwboth~01/default.htm B. J. Vorster: http://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/exhibit/detention-without-trial-in-john-vorstersquare/gQ-1o9MM B. J. Vorster: http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/33745/binding-ties B. J. Vorster: http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/bj-vorster-steps-down-prime-minster Anti-Apartheid Movement in UK: http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/mandela/memories/ Cricket Anti-Apartheid: http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/mandela/memories/ Racial concentrations and homelands: http://maps.nationmaster.com/country/sf/1

Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act: https://sites.google.com/site/theapartheidsystetm/the-progression Communist flag: http://www.howmanyarethere.net/how-many-countries-formed-after-soviet-union/ Population Registration Act: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_Registration_Act,_1950 Population Registration Act: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_identification_number Separate benches: http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/photos/photos_galleries/apartheidsouthafrica?pg=7 Bantu Family: http://madisonblog26.blogspot.com/2013/10/an-explanation-for-third-world-poverty.html Apartheid police: http://espressostalinist.wordpress.com/genocide/apartheid-south-africa/ Bus stop sign: http://transparencyinsportblog.wordpress.com Apartheid on bus: http://joburg.twoday.net/topics/05...+Apartheid/ No power sign: http://www.console-clinic.com/repairs/playstation-3.html ANC flag: http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za%7Danc.html Biko in jail: http://zar.co.za/biko.htm Impact on population: http://glavca.blog.siol.net/page/19/ South African currency: http://www.expatcapetown.com/south-africa-currency.html Homeland: http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/apartheid.hist.html Down arrow: http://clipartist.info/RSS/openclipart.org/2011/October/30-Sunday/Red_down_arrow.svg.html Back arrow: http://www.clker.com/clipart-red-back-arrow.html Next arrow: http://www.clker.com/clipart-red-next-arrow.html South African village: http://roarmag.org/2013/11/south-africa-marikana-anc-poor/ Women Against Apartheid:

http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/ad1464804065168c800a832154f093f8/ID-Smart-Card-launchedin-Union-Buildings The Soweto Uprising: http://daij62.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-substitute-for-gods.html Nelson Mandela: http://www.nelsonmandelaonline.net/ http://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml http://consortiumnews.com/2013/07/02/sanitizing-nelson-mandela/ Desmond Tutu: http://theelders.org/desmond-tutu http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2011/10/legacy-desmond-tutu-editor/ Steve Biko: http://imperfect-black.blogspot.com/2010/09/steve-biko-speaks-on-black.html Black Consciousness Movement: http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/black-consciousness-movement-azania-formed-london World: http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2012/12/20/the-science-of-the-real-end-of-the-world/ Thumbs down: http://future.venipedia.org/index.php?title=File:Thumbs-down-stock.xchnge.jpg World map: http://www.theodora.com/maps/ Divest picture of Africa: http://www.nelsonmandelas.com/nelson-mandela-pictures.php?type=publications Divest button: http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=32-131-41 No weapons: http://www.priorityministries.com/christian-womens-blog/2013/01/08/5-prayers-to-pray-overyour-kids-before-school-2/ No oil: http://1000carrots.wordpress.com/2012/01/05/day-34-sat-31st-december-oils-are-overrated/ Shell oil embargo: http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=32-131-86 Olympics Apartheid: http://qusouthafrica.com/2013/03/05/5648/ Academic boycott: http://scrapthemap.wordpress.com/about/ Sullivan Principles: http://commdev.org/codes-standards-and-guidelines-0 Sports: http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/commentary/news/story?id=4785051

http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/19/basil-doliveira-cricket-south-africa http://africanactivist.msu.edu/image.php?objectid=32-131-294 http://www.nutmegradio.com/the-south-africa-series-part-iv/ http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/original_docs.php?id=65-255-15 Apartheid police: http://ridwanlaher.blogspot.com/2008/06/remebering-1976-soweto-riots.html British flag: http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/great-britain/images/13511748/title/great-britain-flag-wallpaper Margaret Thatcher: http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/great-britain/images/13511748/title/great-britain-flag-wallpaper Margaret Thatcher: http://www.texasgopvote.com/tags/margaret-thatcher Immediate: http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/2010/09/zoning-high-noon-part-1-not-trying-to-bea-hero.html Now: http://www.todayandtomorrow.net/2011/09/12/now/ Boycott Apartheid people with banner: http://www.inminds.com/article.php?id=10433 F. W. de Klerk: http://www.wweek.com/portland/article-18847-hotseat_fw_de_klerk.html http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/klerk-bio.html Nelson Mandela freed: http://www.ezakwantu.com/Gallery%20Nelson%20Mandela%20-%20Madiba.htm Nelson Mandela with F. W. de Klerk: http://www.negroartist.com/CIVIL%20RIGHTS%20images/pages/Nelson%20Mandela%20and %20FW%20de%20Klerk%20Celebrate%20the%20End%20of%20South%20African%20Aparth eid_jpg.htm Nelson Mandela at the end of Apartheid: http://mthago.com/2010/03/18/ Human rights: http://tribune.com.pk/story/531314/in-pakistan-human-rights-or-wrongs/ Non-Violence: http://cargocollective.com/carlnordell/Non-Violence Rwanda on map of Africa: http://www.operationworld.org/country/rwan/owtext.html North and South Korea map: http://www.infoplease.com/country/korea-north.html Soldiers with children: http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/

Sun City, South Africa: http://www.mysouthafricantour.com/Sun-City-Pilanesberg-8-days.html