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Jocelyn Barbury Course project

The band that I chose is the Navajo. The word Navajo, or sometimes spelt Navaho ( NAH-vuh-ho), spelling come from the Spanish, It comes from a Pueblo Indian word meaning planted fields or farmlands. Apaches de Navajo or Apaches of Navajo, they called them this to distinguish them from the Apaches. They are part of a Nation. The Navajo refer to themselves Dine which means The People they refer to their homeland as Dinetah. The nation is broken up into four clans.

Geographic location: The Navajo Nation covers over 27,000 square miles. In the states of, Southeastern Utah, Northeastern Arizona and, Northwestern New Mexico. It is the largest Native American territory in the United States its about the size of West Virginia. Near the Navajo Reservation are the Southern Ute of Colorado, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe of Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico, both of those tribes are to the north of the Navajo territory, the Jicarilla Apache is to the east, and other tribes are in the west and south. The Navajo Nation's territory surrounds the Hopi Indian Reservation. It is thought that the Navajo Nation has been building relationships for things like trade with the Pueblo, Apache, Ute, and Comanche groups. The Pueblo and Navajo Indians exchanged goods as well. They didnt get along all the time though the Navajos fought against the Pueblos and other tribes such as the Apaches and Utes.

Navajos are speakers of Na-Dene. Almost all of the Navajos speak English today and about 150,000 of them speak their native Navajo language. The language is closely related to that of the apache. It is a very complex language and is difficult to pronounce if you dont know the language itself. It is made up of complicated tones.

The Navajo were semi-nomadic people. They were largely hunters and gatherers. The tribe later adopts crop farming techniques, mostly growing things like corn and beans and

some squash. Some groups had to move with the seasons so they could accommodate livestock. The Navajos eventually acquired sheep and goats from the Spanish. They would not consume all of their meat supply instead they would allow their animals to increase which they kept a meat, milk, and wool source going. Therefore things like sheepherding became an economic resource to the Navajo people.

The Navajo creation story talks about three worlds in which an ongoing series of events took place to shape so to speak the fourth world which we live in now. The people from the first world were animals insects or masked spirits. They were thought of as the Mist People they had no definite form, but were to change to men, beasts, birds, and reptiles of this current world.

The spider was used in the creation story of the Navajo it was known as inktomi or the great weaver. Spider medicine would be used in several ways one of those was it was believed to get rid of any negative energy or experience and turn it into something positive or a lesson so to speak instead of a terrible experience. It was also used for people to channel their inner wisdom.

The Navajos land that belongs to them is under their control. They have their own government, laws, service and polices. However the Navajos are still citizens of the United States and they must obey American law. In the past each Navajo band was ran by chiefs who were elected so to speak through tribal council. The most important decisions were made by the council the chief was more of like a communicator to other Navajos rather than a leader or ruler. Today the Navajo people are run by a president and a council which is elected by all the Navajo people.

In the 1860s a huge amount of Navajo people were forced to give up their lands to American soldiers. They had to suffer through The Long Walk to Ft. Sumner, New Mexico where they lived in terrible conditions. The Navajo Reservation was established with the signing of the Treaty of the late 1860s when they were finally allowed to return to their homeland. As of today the Navajo almost have all of their traditional territories back.

They are recognized as a sovereign nation, the Navajo people practiced sovereignty by speaking their traditional Navajo language, by doing everything they could to keep their culture going on to the future generation. They practiced by participating in traditional ceremonies. They were established a sovereign nation in 1985.

The Navajo still live in the states of, Southeastern Utah, Northeastern Arizona and, Northwestern New Mexico, though today most of the population stays in the states of Arizona and New Mexico. They are run by a president and a council who are elected by the people. It is said that most of the Navajo people still practice the traditional Navajo way of life things like their language, ceremonies and religious practices.

The Navajo played a huge role in World War 2 if it wasnt for the Navajo Code talkers, coming up with such a complex code I honestly believe that Americans would have defiantly lost the war. I dont think that it will ever be possible for us to repay the Navajo people back all the way for the good and brave deeds that they did for our country. Before this course I honestly never knew about the code talkers it taught me so much and made me aware of their involvement with things like World War 2

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