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A survey of 40 office buildings
with long-span concrete floors
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank the following organizations for
their considerable help in providing the building data for
the survey:
Anthony Hunt/YRM Partnership
Beers
Bison Limited
Bunyan Meyer & Partners
Composite Structures Limited
DGI International plc
Ferguson & McIlveen
Frank Hodgson & Associates
James-Carrington and Partners
Jan Bobrowski and Partners
Ove Arup & Partners
Powell, Tolner & Associates
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Waterman Partnership
Thanks are also due to Brian Dyer of Tower Associates
for drafting the floor plans.
All advice or information from the British Cement Association is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of
its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence] for any loss resulting from such
advice or information is accepted. Readers should note that all BCA publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore
ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 2
NOTES ON SURVEY 2
CONCLUSION 6
SURVEY DATA 7
NOTES ON SURVEY
The survey data are presented in the second part of this
publication, beginning on page 7. The information has
been arranged according to structural floor types as
follows:
Figure I: Lateral stability provided by shear walls.
Section 1 - Solid flat slabs
Section 2 - Ribbed slabs
Section 3 - Waffle slabs
Section 4 - One-way spanning solid slabs and beams
Section 5 - Precast slabs
Section 6 - Composite precast slabs
The structural information and quantities of material
for each building surveyed are presented in tabular form
and are accompanied by a typical floor plan and floor
section.
For each building studied, quantities of concrete,
reinforcement and prestressing steel are expressed in
units/m2 of floor area. All quantities related to vertical
components, i.e. columns, walls, etc., have been excluded,
thus the effect of storey height and number of storeys is
eliminated.
The span/depth ratios given in the tables are based on
the maximum spans.
Notes on the design Code of Practice, concrete grade
and method of achieving frame stability have been added
to provide useful information on the design of the
structure.
The column headed ‘Design loads’ gives the floor
loadings used in the structural design, i.e. imposed load,
finishes, partition and service loads: it does not include the
self-weight of the floor.
The method of achieving frame stability for each
building is indicated in the column headed ‘Stability’ by
‘shear walls’ or ‘frame action’. The term ‘shear walls’ Figure 2: Lateral stability provided by frame action.
2
DESIGN FEATURES c
Overall to suit column size
INTEREST r
Notes on a few of the buildings surveyed are given below to
highlight certain construction and design features that
provide particular economic advantages for a given floor
tY Pe.
Building 5
310 mm reinforced solid flat slab, span 9.5 x 7-3 m.
Lightweight aggregate concrete with a compressive
strength of 30 N/mm2 was used in order to reduce the
self-weight of the floor and the cost of the foundations.
As the span/depth ratio exceeded the guiding limits in
the Code (CPllO), compliance with maximum deflection
in the serviceability limit state was proved by calculation.
-A- Plan
The floor slab was designed as a beam supporting a
one-way spanning flat slab, all within the 310 mm depth of
construction. The beam, 2.5 m wide, spans longitudinally
from the interior column to the lift core. The one-way
spanning slab is simply supported at the perimeter and
continuous over the beam.
Building 7
255 mm reinforced solid flat slab, span 9.2 x 6-0 m.
The deflection of the 255 mm flat slab was checked by Section
finite element analysis, taking full account of edge
stiffening from the perimeter columns and beams in
addition to the internal columns and frame. A lateral
Figure 3: Detail of steel shearhead.
stability check was carried out on a three-dimensional
computer model of the structure. The inherent stiffness of
the perimeter beams and columns plus the internal frame
eliminated the need for shear walls.
Building 10
300 mm post-tensioned solid flat slab, span 9.4 x 9.0 m.
Steel cross-bracing, in combination with the floor slab
acting as a diaphragm, provided the lateral stability. Drop
panels were eliminated by forming shearheads within the
slab depth (Figure 3). All external columns were connected
to steel beams, composite with the slab, to cater for
punching shear.
Building 13
450 mm reinforced ribbed slab, span 9.0 m.
The wide-rib profile, spaced at 1.5 m centres, provides
adequate flexibility to accommodate small and large
service openings in the floor. The rib profile made it
possible to use table forms with integral grp rib moulds to
ensure a fast building programme (Figure 4).
Building 14
425 mm reinforced ribbed slab, span 9.0 m.
The irregular floor plan of the building and the client’s
requirement for minimum column sizes resulted in it being
inappropriate to provide stability by frame action. Shear
walls, with no returns and a minimum of cross walls, were
specified to facilitate rapid construction of walls. Figure 4: Grp rib moulds fixed to table forms.
3
Building 26
500 mm prestressed/reinforcement waffle slab,
span 12.0 X 12-O m. CHOICE OF FLOOR
The solid beam strips were post-tensioned, with the waffle
SLAB DESIGN
section reinforced. This allowed the waffle section to be
reinforced independently of the beams, thus speeding up
construction, whilst maintaining an economical floor
depth.
Building 31 In assessing the structural cost of a multi-storey building, it
335 mm one-way spanning prestressed solid slab, is evident that the bulk of the cost is often for the floor slab
span 12.6 m. construction. Therefore, the overall economy of a structure
may depend on the efficiency and economy of the floor
The frame was designed as a stacked portal, with 160 mm
slab’ system. While quantities of materials reflect the
precast perimeter walls supporting a 335 mm efficiency of the design and structural layout, the actual
post-tensioned solid slab. An important benefit in cost of the structure may also depend on such factors as
post-tensioning the slab was that the end moments
s p e e d o f construction, local market conditions,
transferred to the precast walls, due to dead load, were competitive tendering, availability of labour and
negligible. This in turn led to manageable transfer
equipment and cost of construction finance. Consequently
moments in the wall under ultimate load conditions. a structural design that has proved to be competitive in one
The structural solution proved both economic and fast region may not always be competitive in another.
to build, with a maximum net to gross floor area.
For a building to meet the needs of major financial
Building 36 occupiers in today’s market, the choice of floor design is
200 mm precast floor slab, span 7.7 m. often determined by one or more of the following
considerations:
The precast columns were designed as vertical cantilevers
fixed at the base to provide frame stability. The precast l The need for long spans to provide floor space
floor beams were simply supported and designed as pin uninterrupted by cores and columns.
joint connections to the columns.
0 A maximum floor-to-floor height which allows
Building 37 adequate space for services and ducts, balanced against
560 mm double-T floor units with in situ topping, planning pressure to limit overall building height.
span 14.5 m.
0 An adaptable floor structure which can accommodate
Stability was achieved by a combination of shear walls at future tenant alterations with maximum speed and
the ends of the building and frame action developed from minimum disruption.
the precast perimeter H frames. The H sections are formed
by adjacent perimeter columns and the perimeter edge The wide range of floor construction in both
beam (Figure 5a). The precast column joints are positioned reinforced and prestressed concrete, highlighted in this
at mid-storey height, i.e. the point of contra-flexure, so a survey, demonstrates that concrete floors can be designed
full moment connection to the double-T floor beam was economically to meet these requirements.
possible (Figure 5b). The precast frame was erected in just The types of floors and the reasons for choosing them
under ten weeks. are given opposite.
4
Solid flat slabs (with or without spans to be used. Formwork complexity can be minimized
by the use of standard modular, re-usable formwork. When
drops) flying form panels are used, the ribs should be positioned
away from the column lines. Ribbed slab floors are very
The principal feature of the dropless floor is its flush soffit
adaptable for accommodating a range of service openings
which requires only simple formwork and is easy to
(Figure 7).
construct (Figure 6a). The overall depth of this floor is a
minimum and it allows great flexibility for locating
horizontal services. However, the economical span range
Waffle slabs
of a reinforced floor is limited by shear in the vicinity of the Waffle slab floors are commonly used when buildings are
column supports and the need to control long-term subjected to heavy imposed loading. They are very
deflection. efficient in the use of materials and provide very
The provision of drop panels at the column supports economical long spans, but the additional complexity of
(Figure 6b) avoids the need for shear reinforcement and formwork can often slow the construction. Where speed of
increases the stiffness of the slab and the economical span construction is critical, a ribbed slab or a shallow beam
range. Alternatively, a structural steel shearhead can be solution is often preferred.
incorporated to maintain a flush soffit to allow for easy
construction and efficient use of large forming systems One-way spanning solid slabs
(Figure 6c). and beams
Ribbed slabs A wide, shallow beam profile is often preferred in order to
reduce the overall depth of the floor, whilst permitting
Providing ribs to the soffit of the floor slab can reduce the longer spans. The one-way spanning solid slab between
quantity of concrete and reinforcement, and thus the the beams facilitates the use of table forms for fast
weight of the floor. The deeper, stiffer floor permits longer construction (Figure 8).
1-2-1:::
1r-1 I-- “~~-~~-l'-' '-::-~J--,:-;:-: :-,r-
(b)
5
Precast slabs Composite precast slabs
Precast slabs offer the advantage of off-site manufacture, Composite precast slabs combine precast floor elements
with a reduction in site labour and site formwork. When with in situ concrete in an economical way, eliminating
the slabs are prestressed there are additional benefits of traditional formwork for floor construction, and providing
longer spans and higher load capacity. A popular type of long-span floors. Thin precast concrete floor plates can be
precast floor is the hollow core slab (Figure 9). The combined with an in situ topping to form composite
relatively lightweight units form a flush soffit when one-way spanning floors up to 6 m long, or, in combination
placed. A shear key between units ensures load sharing with precast beams, to form a composite ribbed slab
and the construction is commonly capable of developing (Figure lOa). For extremely long spans, double-T precast
diaphragm action without the need for a structural beams and a composite in situ topping is preferred
topping. The precast units are easy to remove and can (Figure 10b).
accommodate a wide range of floor openings.
CONCLUSION
The buildings surveyed in this publication demonstrate
that reinforced and prestressed concrete floors with spans
ranging from 6 to 20 m, are technically feasible and
economically competitive.
This is a direct consequence of improved design and
analysis techniques, higher strength materials, better
construction methods and finally, more construction-led
design.
7
SECTION 1
Solid flat slab -reinforced
SOLID FLAT SLABS
m mm ratio 1 m3 1 kg 1
I I I I I I
2 7.2x7.2 300 24 Frame
’ r ~~~~ ’ GradeC40
0.30 30.0 6-O
action Code BS 8110
n I-
300 slab
- 7
J n
- 7
_I
-
n
8
Solid flat slab -reinforced
Materials per m2
No. Slab Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Conc;ete Rebar kN/,,$
m mm ratio kg
300 slab
I - I I I I I I I
9
Solid flat slab -reinforced
8
2 400 slab 400 slab
E
mi n
1
1 / _L
10
Solid flat slab -reinforced
Materials per m*
No. Slab Design
of floor area
of - load Stability Notes
floors Span
m Depth Span/depth Conc;ete Rebar kN/,-,-,*
mm ratio kg
7 65x45 250 26 0.25 29.0 5 0 Shear Grade C35
walls Code BS 8110
17 ccc 45 1̀
Typical floor plan
Solid flat slab -reinforced
Materials per m*
No. Slab Design
of floor area Notes
of load Stability (See page 3)
floors Span Depth Span/depth Conc;ete Rebar kNirn2
m mm ratio kg
Shear C30 lightweight
4 9-5x 7.3 310 30.6 0.31 41.5 5.0
walls Code CP 110
Materials per m2
No. Slab Design
of floor area
o f load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Co;;ete Rebar kN/r-$
m mm ratio kg
275 slab
Notes
Stability (See page 3)
I I I I I I
I I I I
7 9.2x6.0 255 36 0.26 24.0 5.2
I
I
II I
II II
I
255 slab
14
Solid flat slab - prestressed
Materials per m2
No. Slab Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Con$ete Rebar Strand kN/r-$
m mm ratio kg kg
Shear Grade C40
2 8.0x8-0 275 29.1 0,275 10-2 4 8 10..0
walls Code BS 8110
,.~- . . .‘j----
(”
Gl P I i..t
X
x x :* x x x x x
0
I” m x Eico
0
X
Atrium x
m m PI m m m m P1 J
First-floor plan
15
Solid flat slab - prestressed
Stability Notes
0
0
cu
P-
c
n
:i,
950
’ 240
$ 50
475
Solid flat slab - prestressed
Materials per m’
No. Slab Design
of floor area
of l o a d Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Conx$ete Rebar Strand kN/mz (See page 3)
m mm ratlo kg kg
Grade C40
Steel Code BS 8110
9 9 4x9-o 300 31 3 0 300 14-l 78 50 bracing to CS TR 17 & 25*
columns Steel c o l u m n s
with shearheads
45000
P m B
I a
I m
17
Solid flat slab - prestressed
Materials per m*
No Slab Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Concrete Rebar Strand kN/mz
m mm ratio m3 kg kg
Grade C40
Frame
7 11 5 x 7 5 325 35 4 O-325 11 1 65 50
action
Code BS8110
CSTR 17&25*
See Concrete Society TechnIcal Reports No 17 and No 25
8
Solid flat slab - prestressed
Slab
Stability Notes
7 ((1 9000
1 I
20
Ribbed slab - reinforced
Materials per m2
No. Rib Beam Notes
of floor area f$$” Stability
of (See page 3)
floors Span Depth Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth ConcJete Rebar kN/m*
m mm ratio m mm ratio kg
Shear Grade C35
11 9.0 425 21 .l 9.0 1800 21.1 0.27 38.5 5.0
x425 walls Code BS 8110
5 (u, 9000
Typical floor plan
1500
_~~ __~
125
L -t
‘T 1425 7I- :
425
I I i
l-l
250
1800
Materials per m2
No. Rib Beam
of floor area Dri,n Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depthSpan B x D Span/depth Conc;ete Rc??r kN/mz
m mm ratio m mm ratio
1800 Shear Grade C35
5 9.0 3 0 0 30.0 18.0 0.32 29.0 5.0
7-2 x 4 0 0 walls Code BS 8110
1800
Typical rib section Typical beam section
22
Ribbed slab - prestressed
Materials per m*
No. Rib Beam
of floor area Design
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Spacing Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Type Concrete Rebar Strand kN/&
m mm mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg
1800 Frame Grade C35
3 9.0 3 2 5 1200 27-7 18-5 Pt’ 0 194 12 6 3.65 6.0
6.0 x 3 2 5 action Code BS 8110
‘Prestressed
100
325
23
Ribbed slab - prestressed
-I
of load Notes
floors Span Depth Spacing Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Type Con;;ete Rebar Strand kN/t-$
m mm mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg
2200 Shear Grade C40
22 9.0 250 750 36.0 30.0 Pt’ 0.186 7 . 0 3 5.79 5.0
7.5 x 2 5 0 walls Code CP 110
*Prestressed
10 @ 7500
i
750 2200
125
,
A -
I-
-r - .250 250
s \
175
24
Ribbed slab - prestressed
Materials per m2
NO. Rib Beam Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Spacing Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Type Con;;ete Rebar Strand kN/m*
m mm mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg
Shear Grade C40
8 9.8 400 725 24.5 1 9 4 1200 24.2 Pt” 0.354 16.9 9.76 6.0
x 800 walls Code CP 110
‘Prestressed
I. 13000
I.
9350
I. 9350
I. 10000
I
Typical floor plan
75 c 725 725
P
725
25
Ribbed slab - prestressed
Materials per m2
No. Rib Beam
of floor area Design
o f load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Spacing Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Type Concrete Rebar Strand kN/r-$
m mm mm ratio m mm ratio m3 kg kg
Typical section
Ribbed slab - prestressed
Materials per m*
No. Rib Beam Design
of floor area
o f load Stability Notes
floor s Span Depth Spacing Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Type Conc;ete Rebar Strand kN/m*
m mm mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg
Shear walls Grade C40
5 135 475 1500 28 4 9 . 0 1500 18.9 Pt* 0,285 15.0 4.93 60 and frame
x475 Code BS 8110
action
l Prestressed
I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I
I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I
I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I
I II II II II II II II II I I II I I II II II I
L~LJLJL~LJLJLJLJLJLJLJLJLJL.~L.-
I w n n I
ririr riririr~r~rlrlr~r~r~r~r~r~r~r~,
u /
/’
/
I
I
I
I II
I /I
I II
r-i r
I
I
I
II
II
I
I
I
II
II
II
II
I I
I I
I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
II
II
L~L~L~L~L~L~L~L~L~L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~
II
II
II
I
II II I
II I
11
II
II II
II
II
iririr~r-lr~r~r~r1rlrlrlr~r~r~r~rlrl
II II
II
III I I I II
II II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
I
I/
I’ II
I
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
I
L J -JLJLJ LJLJLJL-ILJLJ LJL~ILJLJLJLJLJLJLJ
n n I
n
r -1 -1rir-i r Iririririrl
I I IIII II II
II IIIII I
I I
n
II II II II II
LA _ _J L A L A LJLJLJLJLALJ LJLJLJLJLJLJLJLJL.~J
II II II I
riririririr ll~-lrlrl
-
I
10
I”
8
Typical floor plan
1500
125
‘r 1500
1 1, J:425
27
Ribbed slab - prestressed
Materials per m2
No. Rib Beam Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Spacing Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Type Concrete Rebar Strand kN/m2
m mm mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg
1200 Shear Grade C40
5 14.4 650 2400 22.2 11 .0 R.C.* 0,268 1 4 . 7 4.33 7.0
7.2 x 6 5 0 walls Code BS 8110
“Reinforced
B-
0
f
8 @ 7200
1
:
I II II II jl n n E n I7 11 r7 fl II
I II II II 11 II II II Ii II II II II II II
I II II ll II II
I II II iI II II
I II II iI II II
I II :I II II I;
I II II ll II II
H H H H H J u u u I4 M
- u .-IL Al- u -IL ii- il -IL II_ L L -IL I I - I I AIL u lb
““““““/
2400
28
Ribbed slab - prestressed
Materials per m’
No. Rib Beam Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Spacing Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Type Concrete Rebar Strand kN/m’
m mm mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg
275 Shear Grade C40
4 16.3 525 850 31 .0 6.3 6.3 R.C.* 0.225 9.8 5.66 6.0
X1000 walls Code CP 110
‘Reinforced
7 @ 6300
_
i t
850 8 5 0 850
I
%
i
100
Typical section
29
SECTION 3
Waffle slab - reinforced
WAFFLE SLABS
Materials per m*
No. Column of floor area Design
of spacing Depth Span/depth load Stability Notes
floors m mm ratio Con-v$ete R e b a r S t r a n d kN/m2
kg kg
Frame Grade C35
5 6.6 X 7.43 350 21.2 0.245 24.0 - 6-O
action Code BS 8110
I ---*
! 4;7
125 I
1600
30
Waffle slab - reinforced
Materials per m2
No. Column of floor area Design
of spacing Depth Span/depth load Stability Notes
floors m mm ratio Con;;ete R e b a r S t r a n d kN/m2
kg kg
Frame Grade C35
3 7.5x10 5 5 2 5 20.0 0.450 67.0 - 6-O
action Code BS 8110
, 7500 typical ,
Typical section
31
Waffle slab - reinforced
Materials per m*
No. Column of floor area Design
of spacing Depth Span/depth _ load Stability Notes
floors m mm ratio Conc;ete R e b a r S t r a n d kN/m2
kg kg
10.18 Shear Grade C35
3 550 18-5 0.396 37.0 - 9.0
x10.18 walls Code BS 8110
k 3 @ 10180
Typical floor plan
125 14
Typical section
32
Waffle slab - prestressed
Materials per m2
No. Column of floor area Design Notes
of spacing Depth Span/depth load Stability
mm ratio (See page 4)
floors m Compete Rebar Strand kN/m2
kg kg
Shear Grade C40
1 12.0x12.0 500 24.0 0.349 15.9 2.52 6.0
walls Code BS 6110
4 @ ’ 12000 6000
q CIOOOOOOO
rlnnnnnnrin
125
Typical section
33
Waffle slab - prestressed
Materials per m*
No. Column of floor area Design
of spacing Depth Span/depth load Stability Notes
floors m mm ratio Cor?$ete R e b a r S t r a n d kN/m*
kg kg
Shear Grade C35
2 12.7x12.7 500 25.4 0.341 12.2 5.60 6.0
walls Code BS 8110
12700
*
Typical section
Waffle slab - prestressed
Stability Notes
Grade C40
~c~~~ Code BS 8110
CS TR No. 17*
*See Concrete Society Technical Report No 17
5 @ 15000
1 1
,;:j; ji ‘: :’ ‘: ‘_-:
::~:: ::p::-::-:, :
. -. .: ..-.. ~.i[:lI:
:.::..:..:.::.::
‘:~::..l‘i‘: ::..LL
;.:I. :’ ij : :~::z..
‘-7..
:.::. .I! j
: :: :::.:
1 :.
.::
: li
i
a :, .,: :I.. .iilii:
: .;_;; 1_~1;.1;.1;:1:.:1~1!_. :.!:~:.~I:.::.::.::.:!.:L.::!
:-:“:.::‘I:.‘,~ . . . . .
: : ::r::
__,:
Lo:!
::~::
!! :, ,,
:: :
::=::
,! ,I
‘: :, :
::-::-::.:,
,I ., ,,
.-..-. . . ..i.:
Atrium
35
SECTION 4
One-way spanning
ONE-WAY SPANNING solid slab and beam
SOLID SLABS & BEAMS
Materials per m2
No. Slab Beam
of floor area Design
of . load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Type Span B x D Span/depth Type Concrete Rebar Strand kN/+’
m mm ratio m mm ratio m3 kg kg
36
One-way spanning
solid slab and beam
Materials per m2
No. Slab Beam
of floor area Design
o f load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Type Span BxD Span/depth Type Conc;ete Rebar Strand kN/m*
m mm ratio m mm ratlo kg kg
1500 Shear Grade C30
6 10.30 2 5 0 41.2 Pt* 13.3 R.C.+ 0.298 13.9 3.93 6.8
6.0 x 4 5 0 t walls Code CP 110
‘Prestressed +ReInforced
250 slab
37
One-way spanning
solid slab and beam
Materials per m2
No. Slab Beam Design
of floor area Notes
of load Stability (See page 4)
floors Span Depth Span/depth Type Span BxD Span/depth Type Concrete Rebar Strand kN/m2
m mm ratio m mm ratio m3 kg kg
Shear C40 lightweight
7 12.6 3 3 5 37.6 Pt* Precast perimeter wall support 0 335 11.8 8.25 6.8
walls Code BS 8110
‘Prestressed
335 slab
38
One-way spanning
solid slab and beam
Materials pe r m2
No. Slab Beam Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/dept Tyee Spnn BxD Span/depth Type Conc;et e %??r StFgn d kN/m2
m mm ratio m mm ratio
600x Shear C40 lightweight
10 6 75 220 30 7 R.C.* 10 0 6oo 16.7 R.C.* 0.26 42-O - 5 0
walls Code CP 110
*ReInforced
E0
39
One-way spanning
solid slab and beam
Materials per m2
No. Slab Beam Design
of floor area
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Depth Span/depth Type Span B x D Span/depth Type Con-$ete Rebar Strand kN/&
m mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg
1500 Shear Grade C40
5 6.0 175 34.3 R.C.* 9.0 x425 21.2 R.C.* 0.25 52.0 - 5.0
walls Code BS 8110
‘Reinforced
425
:
Typical section
40
SECTION 5
Precast slab
PRECAST SLABS
Materials per m2 of floor area
No. Slab Beam Design
Precast In situ
of load Stability Notes
floors Span Section Span/depth Span B x D Span/depth Conc;ete Rebar Strand Conc;ete Rebar kN/r-$
m mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg kg
C50, BS 8110
Shear 7% in situ
300 4.8 40 0,011 0.4 7.0
12 7.0 203 34.5 10.0 0.145 walls Hollow core
6.0 x 6 0 0 planks
No topping
6 @ 6000
. 1
Precast “yqFy= :z
300
41
Precast slab
1 1 1 1 1 1
Typical section
42
Precast slab
Typical section
43
SECTION 6
Composite precast slab
COMPOSITE
PRECAST SLABS
Materials per m2 of floor area
No. Rib Beam Design
Precast In situ Notes
of . load Stability (See page 4)
floors Span Depth Span/depth Span Depth Span/depth Concrete Rebar Strand Concrete Rebar kN/m2
m mm ratio m mm ratio m3 kg kg m3 kg
Grade C60
Frame
500x Code CP 110
9 14.5 560 25.9 4.8 1000 4.8 0.150 5.75 6.3 0.080 2.2 5.0 any$$ar Double Tees, wrth
(Perimeter) In situ topping
walls Precast H frame
14500
. I
4800 typical
47600
Typical floor plan
1200 , In s i t u t o p p i n g
i
-/
44
Composite precast slab
Materials per m” o
No. Rib Beam
Precast In situ
load Stability Notes
f10 2 Span Depth Span/depth Span Depth Span/depth Con;;ete Rebar Strand Conc;ete Rebar kN/m’
m mm ratio m mm ratio kg kg kg
Grade C60
600x Code CP 110
4 16.7 785 22.0 4.9 900 5.4 0,133 5 - 4 8 7 . 7 9 0,075 1.54 5.0 Frame
Double Tees, with
(Perimeter) action in situ topping
Precast H frame
‘II II I I II lib
‘II II Ii
I II III
z
co ‘II I I I II III
Il l II II
I II III
II II IIP
‘I I II I
II II III
‘II II II
I I II III
‘II II II
‘II II II
I I I I I I I I II II II II I I I I II I I II II I I II II II I I II I I I I II I I II II II II II II I II III I
i - + tit c- b !, L
km c hL c Lu,u--u-uLu~ u-u~u-u,u-u-uLu, u u4 Ad 4 u Am11 4 4 44 -IF
1200
In situ topping
/’
75 (average) 1
j-=-f ;710
Typical section
Composite precast slab
In situ C35
750x
Frame Precast C45
6 / 12.0 1 610 / 19.7 j 9.0 1 ,in”;FU, 1 14.8 1 0.134 (13,751 - 1 0.111 110 721 5.7 action Code BS 8110
55% In situ
I II II II II II I
46
Composite precast slab
Grade C62
750 Shear Codes CP 115,
3 21.2 28.3 0,123 4.9 7.6 0.060 2-28 5.0
Precast walls CP 116
40% In situ
72000
c 1
, _
~n-=-rt-~n-“-~-un~~~~nn~~~“~h~~n~n~n~~~~~nnnunu~~~=-n~~n~~~~
,, ,, II Ii II I II II II II I I I II 1 II II II II il II II II II I I’ II II II ‘I II II II II II II ‘I II II II II I, II II II II II ,, ,,
‘1, II 11 II t
II II II llr
‘II II II ‘I ~:I~_:~ ” I’ II II ‘I Nt ~ ‘I ” I’ I’ I :! Id
11, II II II II II II lli:
8
cv AlI II II II II II II II!
i; !I, II II II IIL
‘I, I! ~~11R#
II- 11~; II v
,I Ii ;~ I IlL
JIl II II IIL
II II II IIL
II II II II II II II 1: 1: I’ II I’ I! I’ II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II !I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
vYv-Y~~Y~4_yu~~~L-L_-v~y~.~_yu_u_y-y-y _ y--y-y4~-y~y-&icy~~ 4 y u y~y-y~y--y~yy-yy
Precast beam
Typical section
Economic long-span concrete floors CI/SfB
I (13) I q4 I (Y6)
P.W. Matthew and D.F.H. Bennett
UDC