G t h i l Geotechnical

Considerations
Anoosh Shamsabadi PhD PE Anoosh Shamsabadi PhD., PE.
Senior Bridge Engineer
California Department of Transportation
Site Class Vs (ft/s) SPT (N) Su (psf)
A
<5,000 N/A High
B
5,000-2,500 N/A High
C
2,500-1,200 >50 >2000
D
1200 760 15<N<50 1000<Su<2000
D
1,200-760 15<N<50 1000<Su<2000
E
<600 N<15 Su<500
F
Site Specific PI>75
7-Conductor cable
PS SUSPENSION LOGGING
Cable Head
Head Reducer
Winch
Diskette
with Data
OYO PS-160
Logger/Recorder
Upper Geophone
Lower Geophone
Filter Tube Filter Tube
Source
Source Driver
Weight
Overall Length ~ 25 ft
Source to Receiver Analysis
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
VELOCITY (FEET/SECOND)
PS SUSPENSION LOGGING
0
0
25
0
50
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
R1-R2 Vs
S-R1 Vs
R1-R2 Vp
S-R1 Vp
V
S
30
PS Log - 255 m/s
Surface Wave - 276 m/s (+8%)
50
R
S
)
100
150
T
)
10
h
,

m
75
D
E
P
T
H

(
M
E
T
E
200
250
D
E
P
T
H

(
F
E
E
T
20
D
e
p
t
h
100
300
350
S f W M d l
125
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
VELOCITY (METERS/SECOND)
400
0 200 400 600 800
Shear Wave Velocity (V
S
), m/s
30
Surface Wave Model
PS Suspension Log
N VALUE N- VALUE
SPT
SPT SPT
CPT
Sleeve Friction
f
s
(tsf)=
load
/
2rh
Pore Pressure
u
2
(psi) u
2
(psi)
Tip Resistance Tip Resistance
q
c
(tsf)=
load
/
r
2
CPT DATA PRESENTATION
LIQUEFACTION LIQUEFACTION
LIQUEFACTION MITIGATION
SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE
NEAR FAULT EFFECTS NEAR FAULT EFFECTS
LIQUEFACTION
= ( )tan u
Earthquake Motion q
LIQUEFACTION LIQUEFACTION
PALEO-
LIQUEFACTION
Sinkhole, 1999 Taiwan
SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE
FACTOR OF SAFETY FS FACTOR OF SAFETY- FS
CAPACITY- CRR
DEMAND-CSR DEMAND CSR
FS
CAPACITY CRR
DEMAND CRS
=
( )
( )
CRR CYCLIC RESISTANCE RATIO
DEMAND CRS ( )
CRS CYCLIC STRESS RATIO
CRR- BASED ON SPT OR CPT DATA
CSR- BASED ON DESIGN PGA
( ) CRS
CSR
t
h
CSR
CRR
Liquefiable
zone
D
e
p
t
CRR
zone
0.65
CSR 0.65

'
a

g
r
o
o
max
d
=

( ) CRS
F
a
o
max
= = = = ma
W
a
h
a

F

g
o
ma
g
a
g
a

h
CSR 0.65

'
a

g
r
o
o
max
d
=

h
h
0.65
CRR from SPT Data CRR from SPT Data
MCEER 1997 M=7.5 MCEER 1997 M=7.5 MCEER 1997 M 7.5 MCEER 1997 M 7.5
CRR from CPT Data
MCEER 1997 MCEER 1997
CRR from Shear
Wave Velocity Wave Velocity
REDUCED LATERAL RESISTANCE
REDUCED VERTICAL RESISTANCE REDUCED VERTICAL RESISTANCE
POST EARTHQUAKE SETTLEMENT POST EARTHQUAKE SETTLEMENT
S G LATERAL SPREADING
1999 Taiwan
LATERAL SPREADING
Liquefaction-lateral spread, Costa Rica 1991
LIQUEFACTION-LATERAL SPREAD, COSTA RICA 1991

P
y
PINNING EFFECT
Slope Force / Displacement
From Seismic Analysis
Force / Displacement Compatibility
o
r
c
e
Piles Force / Displacement
Force / Displacement Compatibility
F
o
Piles Force / Displacement
From Pushover Analysis
Displacement
Brittle Deformation: Faults
FAULT CROSSING
Local site conditions Local site conditions
- Site Response Analyses
- Design Recommendations
Fault & Earthquake Data
-Recurrence Model
Inertia
Force
Inertia
Force Force Force
F
t
+
=
Free Field
Displacement
d
t
+
Total
Displacement
Displacement
t
space e
Earthquake Motion Earthquake Motion
K K
K

11 16
22
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
K
Pile
K K
K K
=

22
33 34
43 44
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
K
22
K
55
K
K K

55
61 66
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
K
K
K
66
K
K
11
K
33
K
44
UCD ABUTMENT TEST
P =310Kips
300
P
ult
=310 Kips
200
K
i
p
s
)

h
100
F
o
r
c
e

(
P
bw
= 275 Kips
K
i
= 20k/in/ft
5.5
100
F
d(i )
275 Kips
(5.5x10) ft
2
= 5 ksf
h
=
2
4
6
0
d(in)
y 3 15
K
i
p
s
)
F y
y
y
H ( )
.
=
+
3
1
15
F
o
r
c
e

(
y + 1
y 36
F
F y
y
y
H ( )
.
.
=
+
36
1 05
0
y(in) y( )
320
280
200
240
(
k
i
p
s
)
120
160
s
i
v
e

F
o
r
c
e

MSE Wall Kyle's Data
80
120
P
a
s
MSE Wall Kyles Data
Anoosh's HFD
3D FEM
0
40
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Backwall Deflection (in)
Vib R l t T h i t id l d Vibro-Replacement Technique most widely used
densification method
Representative Applications p pp
Anoosh_shamsabadi@dot.ca.gov