Effect of Intermolecular Forces

Farhana, Izyan, Elve, Ong, Yii, Kartika, Alex

Intermolecular Forces
The forces with which molecules attract each other.

Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are weaker than ionic or covalent bonds. Intermolecular forces are responsible for the physical state of a compound (solid, liquid or gas).

Intermolecular Forces
Van der Waals Forces
Dipole Interactions Dispersion Forces

Hydrogen Bonds

Van der Waals Forces

They are the weakest attractions between molecules.

Dipole
A polar molecule that has two poles.

Van der Waals-Dipole Interactions

Electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged regions of polar molecules (dipoles).

Orientation of Polar Molecules in a Solid

Van der Waals Forces-Dispersion Forces

Dispersion Forces
Caused by the motion of electrons. Increase as the number of electrons increases. Weakest of all intermolecular forces.

A. Intermolecular Forces
Reviewing what we know Gases Low density Highly compressible Fill container Solids High density Slightly compressible Rigid (keeps its shape)

Boiling Point- Temperature at which there is enough Kinetic Energy to Overcome Intermolecular Forces
Gas

Liquid

Has Intermolecular Forces

No Intermolecular Forces

Physical PropertiesBoiling Point

The boiling point of a compound is the temperature at which liquid molecules are converted into gas.

In boiling, energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces in the more ordered liquid state.
The stronger the intermolecular forces, the point. higher the boiling

For compounds with approximately the same molecular weight:

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Explain why the Higher Molar Mass Compound, CF4, has a Lower Boiling Point than H2Se
CF4
Boiling Point; 150.0C Molar Mass ~ 88 g/mole

H2Se
Boiling Point; -42.0 C Molar Mass ~ 81 g/mole

Consider the example below. Note that the relative strength of the intermolecular forces increases from pentane to butanal to 1-butanol. The boiling points of these compounds increase in the same order.

For two compounds with similar functional groups: The larger the surface area, the higher the boiling point. The more polarizable the atoms, the higher the boiling point.