Organ and Pig Info

Cuts:
anterior/rostral: front face
posterial/caudal: back side
lateral: side, "towards the side face
medial: towards the middle, center
dorsal: on the top, "head
ventral: on the bottom
sagittal: divides the left and right sides (x-axis)
frontal/coronal: perpendicular to the sagittal (y-axis)
horizontal: divides the top and bottom sides (z-axis)
Random Info
Pig is mammal
mammals have hair and mammary glands
mammals have two or more types of teeth for example molars and canines. 2 sets. Milk teeth
and permanent teeth.
Red blood cells do not have nucleus and are round
Pigs members of artiodactyla. Have even toes. Cows and deer as well.
omnivores
can live 15-20 years. bacon before though
adults reach weight up to 400 kg (approximately 900 lbs.)
time of development of fetus is 112-11.
7-12 offsprings per litter
similar to man
pigs used to test drugs, surgical techniques
pig body parts transported to humans. Valves, skin
to figure out pig age you measure from tip of nose to tail for example 1cm=20 days
skin important organ
2 layers epidermis and dermis
Pig can be divided into 4 sections=head, neck, trunk, and tail
trunk divided into thorax and abdomen
thorax region that contains ribs
forelegs connected to shoulders
abdomen were teats (mammary papillae)
Both male and female have teats males don't work
placenta is a fetal organ that serves as interaction between mothers and fetuses circulatory
system
umbilical cord attached to this ^
InternaI Anatomy
To view internal anatomy tie up pig and make cut along mid-ventral line of body on stomach
As lengthen incision toward thoracic cavity will feel resistance from ribs and sternum
Fetal pigs ribs and sternum still composed of cartilage
Cut through rib cage expose organs
see heart enclosed in whitish sac-like membrane, (pericardium).
whitish tube size pencil=trachea
Thymus endocrine gland involved in immune system response during infancy lies on either side
of trachea and extends of heart.
thyroid brown oval structure lying on top of trachea
peritoneum=white shiny/cut far enough
Respiratory system
Begins with larynx enlarged region of trachea inside is fibrous cords that vibrate when air passes
over them producing sounds.
tracheas tube that connects the lungs with nasopharynx reinforced with cartilage that keep it
from collapsing. lined with cells that trap mucus and foreign particles and pass them back to the
oral cavity
dorsal to trachea lies second tube esophagus part of digestive system as well.
Trachea branches into two tubes. each known as bronchus or both as bronchi
inside lungs bronchial tubes divide further into secondary bronchi then into bronchioles then into
very fine tubes that give rise? to microscopic air sacs known as alveoli
gasses exchange occurs in alveoli
Each lung divided into sections known as lobes four lobes on right and three on left
lungs cradle heart
Lungs and blood vessels merge under heart this is where pulmonary viens and arteries enter
and leave the lungs.
Diaphragm separates abdominal cavity from thoracic cavity. lungs and heart anterior from
diaphragm
Diaphragm responsible for moving air in and out of lungs
alveoli where exchange occurs
Digestive system
begins with mouth
food broken up by teeth
saliva aids in lubrication of food and contains enzymes that break down complex molecules into
simple ones so that they can be absorbed later on
food prevented from entering nasal cavity by hard and soft plates
breathing is stopped for a little to swallow food.
epiglottis: flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, used to cover the windpipe and push food into
esophagus
esophagus: muscular tube which connects the mouth to stomach, passes behind the trachea
and attaches to stomach
liver is used in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, formation of some blood
proteins, secretion of bile, filters/breaks downs toxins produced during protein metabolism,
produces glycogen (carb used for energy)
gall bladder: small, sac-like structure used to store bile
bile: digestive juice produced by the liver, emulsifies fat (keeps it from mixing)
stomach: sac-like muscular organ used in the storage and digestion of food
glands in stomach lining secrete digestive juices such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin, mixes
gastric juices with salivary juices and foods
pyloric sphincter: junction between stomach and small intestine
spleen: brown, oblong, firm organ found along greater curvature of stomach designed to filter the
blood, produces antibodies and white blood cells
pancreas: exocrine organ which secretes pancreatic juice used in the digestion of food,
endocrine organ which produces hormones used to regulate blood sugar (insulin, glucagon,
somatostatin)
small intestine: slender tube which emerges from the stomach, breaks down protein, fats and
starches with the liver and pancreas
large intestine: organ which is primarily concerned with consolidating waste and removing
remaining water, leads to the rectum and anus which gets rid of the waste