City Development Plan Delhi

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN DELHI
October, 2006
Department of Urban Development Government of Delhi
IL&FS Ecosmart Limited, New Delhi
Executive Summary
IL&FS ECOSMART
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION
awaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) focuses on (i) improving and
augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii) initiating wide-ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded management of, and investment in, urban infrastructure and services; and (iv) strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with the provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992.
JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely (i) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, including water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, urban transport, redevelopment of core areas, development of heritage, and environment. (ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor, including shelter, infrastructure services and related civic amenities The Government of India has proposed substantial assistance through the JNNURM to the selected Mission cities. All mission cities are expected to formulate a City Development Plan (CDP). The CDP is based on an assessment of the existing situation, and outlines a vision for development, strategies for achieving this; indicative investment requirements and financial operating plans, indicating how investments made are to be sustained. The CDP will facilitate identification of projects. The ULBs/ parastatal agencies will be required to prepare DPR for the projects. The current status of sectors covered under JNNURM for Delhi are presented below
E.1
City Assessment: Urban Infrastructure and Governance
The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three municipal areas New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core, spread over an area of 42.74 km2 Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1,397 sq. kms, or 94 % of the area of the city. Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread over an area of 42.97 km2 In 1999, the urban area of Delhi was 701.62 sq. kms (47.3 % of NCTD area). This is proposed to be increased to 977.91 sq. kms, or 66 % of the total area, by 2021. The CDP addresses the urban area of the NCTD as a whole. Detailed assessments for the NDMC and DCB areas may be taken up at a later date, and incorporated into the document.
E.1.1
Land and Urban Growth Management
The DDA is responsible for guiding planned development in Delhi, through successive Master Plans (1962, 1982 and 2001). It is also the sole agency mandated to develop and dispose of land in the city. The growth of the city over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with reliance on road based transport. The development envisaged by previous Master Plans was poly-nodal with a hierarchy of commercial centres located on either ring or radial roads. The DDA, however, has been unable to meet forecasted demands for housing, commercial and industrial space, resulting in large scale unauthorized development, and areas with non-conforming land uses. Only an estimated 30 % of the citys population lives in planned areas. The poor have borne the brunt of the shortage. In
Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
E-1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
spite of growing pressure on land resources, there are large tracts of underused land within the central city. A majority of these are government lands bearing low density (2 storey structures) and old housing. Only 30-35% of government employees have been accommodated within these areas. The lack of formal access to appropriate housing has led to the genesis of unauthorized colonies in Delhi. Currently, there are around 1432 unauthorized colonies providing shelter to around 30 lakh people. Unauthorised colonies have being regularized twice in Delhi: in 1961 when over 100 colonies were regularized and in 1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized. 165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD). These urban villages have undergone significant physical and functional transformation related to their specific location. Key Issues in growth management are listed below: Increasing gap between demand and supply of appropriate housing and infrastructure Encroachments in urban villages Exploitation of agricultural land for unauthorized development Inadequate supply of appropriate commercial and industrial space, resulting in non-conforming land uses. Lack of Linkage between Physical Planning Strategy and Financial Planning
E.1.2
Water Supply
DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for procurement, treatment, transportation and distribution of water in the MCD areas. It also supplies bulk water to the NDMC, and Delhi Cantonment Board. Water requirements for an estimated population of 16.5 million in 2006 is 990 MGD At present DJB, is equipped to produce 735 MGD of water from 11 Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) and ground water abstraction from 446 tube wells & ranney wells. The per capita availability of water is one of the highest among urban areas. In spite of this, water is supplied for only a few hours in the day. Moreover, norms of supply to different zones vary, and areas at the end of the distribution system receive little water. About 20 per cent of the citys population is not covered by piped water supply. In the absence of piped water supply from DJB, there has been extensive abstraction of ground water. The issues related to the status of water supply summarized below: Unaccounted for water losses are estimated at 42% (16% in transmission and 24% in distribution) There are wide variations in supply, both within and between supply zones Lack of adequate management systems.
E.1.3
Sewerage and Sanitation
The DJB is also responsible for the management of the sewer system in MCD areas; and collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of sewage from MCD areas, NDMC & DCB areas. The length of sewers in the city is 7000 kms. The sewage generation in Delhi has been estimated at 800 MGD against the present installed treatment capacity of 512.6 MGD. Thus there is a gap of almost 300 MGD in treatment of waste water1.There are 18 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the city, varying from 345 years in age. This has resulted in a loss of treatment efficiency. The issues related to the status of Sewerage are presented below: An estimated 530 MGD of untreated sewage is discharged into the river Yamuna. Due to network deficiencies, there is an overflow from sewers into storm water drains. Trunk sewers are considerably silted, requiring desilting & repair to restore their capacity in a time bound manner. The citys STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations are several years old - leading to reduced efficiency. Upgrading conveyance system needs to be undertaken, for full capacity utilization of Common Effluent Treatment Plants.
Waste water generation being estimated at 80% of piped water supply; and estimated ground water extraction.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E.1.4
Solid Waste Management
The conservancy and sanitation department of MCD is responsible for the collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste in the city. The total quantum of solid waste generated per day in Delhi is estimated to be 7,700 MT. Of this, an estimated 6000MT are collected and disposed. Currently, different types of waste streams in the city, including municipal waste, bio-medical waste, construction debris, industrial waste slaughter house waste, electronic wasteetc are all mixed. Waste from different parts of the city is transported to three landfill sites, located at Gazipur, Balaswa and Okhla. The issues related to the status of Solid Waste in city are summarized below: The existing landfills (dump-sites) are almost full. They need to be closed immediately in a scientific manner, and new sanitary landfills (SLF) need to be developed and commissioned at the earliest possible. Treatment of wastes is almost non-existent. Treatment facilities dedicated to different waste streams, to the extent possible, need to be developed Open 'dhalao' (masonry bin) is still the major receptacle for MSW in Delhi. These lead to exposure of the waste to the environment and multiple handling (from depositing of waste to its loading into the collection vehicle)
E.1.5
Traffic and Transportation
The PWD, MCD, DDA, DTTDC and MUD are responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads in the city; whereas urban transport is managed by Transport department. The road network length in Delhi was 28,500 km in March 2001 up three times increase from 8,380 km in 1971-72. The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T.Road (NH-1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials; and Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials carrying bulk of the traffic in the city. During morning and evening peak hours 55-60 per cent of the major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph, while even in off peak hours 40-45 per cent of major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph. While the large number of signalized intersections in the city has led to excessive travel time and fuel consumption, the construction of fly-overs has only shifted the location of congestion. Urban Delhi is predominantly dependant on road based transport systems as railways caters to only about 1% of local traffic demand (excluding the Metro). The overall capture of public transport services in the city is only 60 per cent of total trips. Of this, the metro currently accounts for 15 per cent. The widespread distribution of employment centers all over the urban space of Delhi has contained the growth in length of trips. Over 33 per cent of total trips are short trips (less than 15 mins duration) The percentage distribution of categories of motor vehicles in Delhi shows that there has been a rapid increase in the number of cars during 1990-2000; while there has been a decline in the other category of vehicles. About two third of motor vehicles are two wheelers, though a decreasing trend in that share has been observed since 1990. On the other hand, due to arrival of low priced small cars and easy financing mechanisms, there is an indication of a shift from two wheelers to cars. The share of cars has increased from 22% in 1991 to 31% in 2005. The issues related to traffic and transportation management in the city are presented below: The high growth rate of vehicular traffic volumes on roads causing congestion, delay, safety issues, pollution. The low capture of public transport systems, due to lack of integration of various modes. The need to ensure the safety of pedestrians, who accounting for 55%, of total causalities in accidents (1999). Inadequate parking, leading to congestion and delays on major arterial network.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E.1.6
Storm Water Drainage
The DJB, MCD and PWD are jointly responsible for the construction and maintenance of drains in the city. Storm water drainage in Delhi is a complex situation, owing to the combination of a number of natural and man-made drainage systems five drainage basins; large natural drains; storm water drains along roads; and combined sewer-cum-storm water drains (sometimes as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer lines). Most of the water collected through different drainage systems finally gets discharged into the river Yamuna. The length of natural drains in the city is 350 km carrying discharge of 1000 m3, whereas the total length of drains is 1700 kms spread over 12 municipal zones. The BOD levels of waters in 90 % of city drains indicate that the discharge is comparable to a range of weak to strong domestic sewage. The main issues related to the sector are Storm water drains carry considerable quantities of raw and untreated effluents Lack of maintenance, leading to chocked drains. Lack of coordination in planning and construction of roads and drains
E.1.7
City Heritage
The ASI, State Dept. of Archaeology, the DDA, MCD, INTACH and DUAC jointly manage the citys heritage areas. Delhi encompasses a vast range of heritage typologies, including archaeological sites; civic buildings and complexes; religious structures and complexes; historic gardens; hunting lodges; living settlements such as the historic Walled City; the planned city of New Delhi as well as traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and management. These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi. However, heritage in the city suffers from a lack of integration with the planning process and contemporary requirements, as a result of which, it is gradually being degraded and lost. In 1913, there were 411 identified heritage buildings in Zone A, whereas these have reduced to 231 in 2000. This, and other issues related to urban heritage are outlined below: Lack of integration with development processes in the city Heritage resources are threatened by over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate construction due to the non-enforcement of guidelines for development in their vicinity Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action.
E.1.8
City Environment
The DPCC, CPCB, CGWB, MCD and DJB are responsible for regulating and monitoring the state of the citys environment. Delhis unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few decades has placed enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison to the urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental degradation has grown at a much higher rate. This includes the loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and aesthetics; increasing air pollution, surface and ground water pollution; loss of water bodies, receding water table, high incidence of diseases and mortality. The transport, domestic and industrial sectors are the major contributors to the rise in ambient air pollution levels (although certain background sources such as desert dust also contribute). Most of the 916 lakes, ponds and reservoirs reported to have existed in city have been depleted. Rejuvenation is being taken for a few (Sanjay Lake, Hauz Khas). The most pressing environmental concern is the continued degradation of the river Yamuna, due to the dumping of untreated effluents into its waters. Issues related to the status of city environment are presented below: Unsustainable extraction of ground water Weak management of natural resources, leading to degradation of the ridge, the river and surface water bodies
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Air, ground water and noise pollution
E.1.9 Urban Governance

The institutional framework for urban management in Delhi consists of a multiplicity of agencies, at both central and state levels, responsible for various aspects of planning, land management, urban infrastructure and its management. The institutions/agencies involved in performing city level functions include Central Government Agencies and State Government Agencies. The issues related to city institutional set up are discussed in Table below
Issues National Functions versus local functions Status
Implementation of 74th CAA
Delhi, being the National capital, has to serve certain functions directly under the jurisdiction of Central Government. These clashes with the establishment of an effective local government incorporating citizens participation. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has not been able to implement the 74th Amendment to the Constitution. Major decisions in planning and implementing the Master Plan are still taken by a Central Government Agency, that is, DDA. MCD has been trying to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violates the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act. Since legislation is not enacted by the GNCTD, necessary institutional mechanisms such as the DMPC are not in place.
There is a lack of clarity over departmental responsibilities for land use planning, development, maintenance and enforcement. The geographical boundary of the State Government and MCD are co-terminus, and their functions are almost the same. In other cases, administrative and functional sub-divisions do not match. This has resulted in ineffective and uncoordinated decision making and actions. For eg., the boundaries of the revenue districts and the MCD zones do not match. Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has failed to identify and coordinate with the State Government. Multiplicity of Organizations Lack of coordination and no common data base for management Conflicting and overlapping jurisdictions eg.: three different agencies are responsible for storm water drainage in the city
Overlapping of jurisdiction
Overlapping of functions Other Infrastructure Sectors
E.2 E.2.1
City Assessment: Basic Services to Urban Poor

Urban Poor and Slums
In Delhi, as in other urban areas of the country, slums and urban poverty, they are a pressing issue. The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. This figure has declined steadily and stood at 10.02% in 2001. It is reported that 85% of the poor are squatters, and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented accommodation and have to pay a substantial portion of their income for rent. Slums in Delhi are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area: There are 319 katras in the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of inhabitants. (b) JJ Clusters or Squatter settlements: These are scattered all over the city. In Delhi, over 80 percent of lands occupied by slums belong to the DDA. (c) Resettlement Colonies: Under the schemes for resettlement of JJ clusters, 44 resettlement colonies were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0 Lakh plots were developed accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies have degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized development. (c) Relocated JJ Clusters: There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan kalan, Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation, of slums from central, south and east Delhi, has been made to four principal sites - Dwarka (Papan Kalan), Rohini, Narela and Savda Ghevada. Issues related to the urban poor and slums summarized below: There is no clear legal framework (Act), or policy to guide interventions in this area
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Their legal security of tenure is diminishing in official rehabilitation programmes over the years There is a low rate of in-situ up-gradation of existing JJ clusters, although this is recommended as the first course of action Over 80% of residents do not have access to infrastructure and public services at relocation sites. In addition, these are far removed from work centers, and lack connectivity
E.3
SWOT Analysis
On the basis of the above assessment, an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the city was undertaken, which informed the vision and strategies for development that were formulated thereafter.
E.3.1
Strengths
STRENGTHS
SECTORS
Location & Regional Linkages: Delhi is located strategically and connected with key economic nodes in the country. Seat of all political and administrative power of country. At 95%, highest level of urbanization in the country. It is easily accessible from other mega-cities of the country and other areas of Northern and Western India. The NHDP project, cities connectivity from Western and Eastern Gateways of the country has increased. Delhi acts as nodal point for collection and distribution of passenger and cargo traffic in Northern India. City Economy: The citys economy is enjoying a period of high growth GSDP is growing at a high growth rate of around 15% (CAGR at current prices-2002-03), with the service/tertiary sector contributing more than 76 per cent towards the economy of the state; High per capita income at Rs 47,477 (current prices, 2002-03) High spending capacity / tendency Trade and Commerce: The city has 8 major wholesale and specialized markets of regional importance. Fruit & Vegetable Market, Azadpur and Fish & Meat Market, Gazipur are some of the major distributions centers for commodities in the Northern and North west region of the country. The city is well connected to regional supply chains The city is gaining in importance as a centre of retail trade Tourism World famous tourist destination Attracts both domestic as well as international tourists. Gateway to the tourist destination in the northern region such as Jaipur, Ajmer, Agra, Varanasi etc Heritage It is famous for its heritage and culture, both built and unbuilt Walled City of Delhi has 1000 heritage structure and 25 historical monuments. Administrative Reforms: State Government is undertaking various institutional and legislative reforms. Pro active government State on a reform path with initiatives such as Bhagidari.
E.3.2
Weaknesses
SECTORS WEAKNESSES Infrastructure: Inadequacies in the water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage and transport infrastructure
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SECTORS WEAKNESSES Lack of solid waste management facilities (for treatment and disposal) in the city leading to indiscriminate dumping of garbage and land pollution. Existing dumping sites are saturated and no new ones have been developed Lack of drainage and sewerage network especially in the newly developed areas. The surface drains are used for carriage of 25-30% sewerage, leading to environment hazards Lack of infrastructure facilities like water supply, sewerage, road and drainage in the unauthorized colonies; urban villages and colonies developed by private developers. Inadequate capture public transport system, due to inherent weaknesses, leading to skewed traffic composition on the road network of the city. Lack of parking space in the city. Lack of tourism infrastructure facilities Inadequate public conveniences. Disposal of untreated industrial wastes and sewage in Yamuna River. Urban Growth and Land Management Conservation Urban Environment Institutional coordination Degradation of River Yamuna Loss of traditional water systems. Extreme Depletion of ground water. Degraded air quality. Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of the city. Contamination of piped water with sewerage. Chocked drains increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the urban poor (lack of inclusion of urban poor in city development process) Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and resettlement colonies and relocation sites; Lack of coordination between central and state government Lack of coordination among various departments like MCD, DDA, PWD, DJB, DUAC etc. Non implementation of 74th CAA in spirit-MCD does not have financial/taxation powers, budget to be approved from Department of Local Self Government. Overlapping jurisdictions between DDA, MCD and NDMC; DDA exercise control over major parts of MCD Area. Overlapping of functions between line departments. Lack of integration of heritage concerns with planning process Lack of proper database management in each sector especially in the Heritage and Infrastructure development. Absence of clear-cut guidelines and responsibilities of various organizations. Lack of awareness among in the city people towards heritage conservation. Ineffective maintenance of heritage sites like Red Fort, Qutab Minar etc as well as buildings in the walled city and Extension areas. Haphazard growth of the city due to lack of provision of developed land and infrastructure. Areas include urban villages; resettlement colonies and unauthorized colonies High population density within the walled city & Extension and East Delhi planning Division. Moreover low density development in RK Puram; Motibagh; Vinay Nagar..etc Rate of Unauthorized developments and illegal land subdivisions are increasing in urban pheriphery and village settlements. Lack of parks and open spaces. Violation of rules, byelaws by the public and residents of walled city- leading to the loss of heritage in the walled city. Overcrowding of businesses and people in the walled city.
Slums and Clusters
JJ
E.3.3
Opportunities E-7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SECTORS Economic competitiveness OPPORTUNITIES With the availability of good connectivity, it can develop as nodal centre linked with other economically vibrant cities. Has potential to attract private developers and FDI in the housing and infrastructure sectors The city has a highly entrepreneurial population High literacy rates High growth areas such as NOIDA and Gurgaon are located in the vicinity Capacity to attract many tourists because of its rich heritage and culture. Can emerge as an events capital particularly after the commonwealth games 2010 Commonwealth games-2010 is likely catalyze investment to the tune of Rs 2000 Crore on development of civic infrastructure in the city. Development of Metro Rail and its extension to other DMA towns will resolve issues on inter and intra city connectivity City is initiating reforms in urban governance through implementation of various governance models such Bhagidari Scheme; E-governance; Repeal of ULCR, PPP models for project implementation etc. Institutional reforms being considered for MCD Heightened focus on key issues-urban slums and improvement of basic infrastructure Rich heritage can attract the tourists. The local crafts from across the nation can be show-cased for attracting business and shoppers during events such as Trade Fair and other events organized in city.
Proposed Projects
State urban reforms
Urban Heritage
E.3.4
Threats
THREATS Wholesale trade is concentrated in core walled city area, which attracts workers and traders to the central location-leading to deterioration of the city environment Lack of adequate infrastructure to capitalize on economic opportunities (roads, freight handling facilities etc) High population growth can lead to further pressure on the infrastructure sector in the future. Augmentation of trunk services is crucial. Lack of sewerage system, solid waste management, poor distribution of water can lead to health problems and epidemics in the city. Poor infrastructure in new areas -- especially in urban extensions and urban villages -- are a threat to quality of life. Infrastructure provision in the slums is inadequate resulting in very poor living conditions. Capacity building of all the government organizations if inadequate would result in non implementation of several reforms. Fiscal reforms are a key for carrying out projects and provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner. Urban Development in the city is the responsibility of Central government; and MCD is under both Central and State Government. These overlapping roles of state and central government have led to a non functional executive system of the city. Lack of repair and maintenance of heritage buildings can lead to rapid deterioration of built fabric in the walled city. Continued negligence of heritage areas can also lead to loss in tourism revenues Walled city and Extension faces threat in the event of disasters both natural as well as man-made.
SECTORS Economic
Infrastructure
Institutional and fiscal reforms
Conservation
E.3.5
Vision & Strategies for Development
Delhis Vision is defined as follows: To become a highly livable city that offers a superior quality of life through a robust, employment generating economy; that is safe and inclusive, environmentally and socially sustainable; and is based on reliable infrastructure and offers a transparent, responsive system of governance dedicated to the citys felt needs. The CDP outlines Strategies across sectors to achieve the above vision. These are elaborated further below.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Strategy for Economic Development: The city needs to make the best use of its resources, foremost among which is the high level of entrepreneurial ability of its people. In order to unleash the citys true economic potential, the govt. needs to encourage and nurture these abilities through forward looking policies and interventions. The following strategies are recommended for sustaining the growth of the city well into the future: Encourage high value-add services; Organizing Low End Services; Enhancing Quality; The key areas identified as having most potential for driving the economic growth of the city are: (i) IT & ITES Sector; (ii) Life Style Sector; (iii) Logistics Sector; (iv) Heritage & Tourism Sector; (v) Education Sector. Strategies for Civic Infrastructure Development: Strategies identified to improve water supply system and enhance consumer satisfaction are (i) minimize water losses in transmission and distribution and enhance overall management of distribution; (ii) Augmentation of water supply and (iii) Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost recovery mechanisms. Strategies for sewerage include (i) Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage (abatement of pollution); (ii) Provision of Sewer Network in un-sewered area; (iii) Augmentation of Sewage Treatment Capacity. The strategies for mitigating key issues in solid waste management are (i) Maximizing effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites; (ii) Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery. These broad strategies have to be complemented by initiatives at resource-use reduction, waste minimization and pollution prevention. The strategies suggested for improvement of drainage system in the city are (i) Creation of an appropriate, integrated authority to deal with the sewer drains, the storm water drains and the natural drainage basins of the NCT area; (ii) Short-term repair and de-silting of all the drains on emergency basis; (iii) After monitoring the functioning of the South Delhi Greenway Project for Barapulla drain, initiating the same in the medium term for Najafgarh drain, which is by far the largest contributor in terms of discharge into river Yamuna (51.75%). The strategies suggested for improvement of road network and transport system in the city are (i) Provision of safe and efficient public transport system; (ii) Encouraging the use of non-motorized modes of passenger transport in select localities; (iii) Ensuring equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians; (iv) Efficient use of existing infrastructure removal of impediments including enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities; (v) Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas; (vi) Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional needs; (vii) Enhancement of road infrastructure and (viii) Awareness and enforcement drives. Four main strategies have been identified, for management of urban heritage. These strategies are (i) Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation & Heritage Management;(ii) Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of heritage concerns within the development plans Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level; (iii) Area Level Conservation, revitalization and Regeneration strategies which include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse; (iv) heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community facilities, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development; Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The main strategies, under which projects pertaining to the environment have been proposed, relate to (i) Outreach and capacity building; (ii) Enhancement of forests and green cover; (iii) Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution. Strategies for Slums and the Urban Poor Strategies for urban poor and slums are derived from the established fact that the poor are not a homogenous group, and vary widely in their requirements of shelter. This takes into account factors such as extent of consolidation in the city, location sensitivity, physical requirement, ability to pay as well as tenure security. Shelter options may vary from a single bed and locker in a dormitory for the male migrant, to an independent unit. The ability to exercise choice, with a variety of options, is thus, important, in the success of any programme to provide shelter for all categories of the poor. In addition, pricing, location, tenure conditions, and financing are critical considerations in catering to this segment. Strategies to reach housing for the poor include (i) In-situ rehabilitation at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc. (ii) Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying locations, for outright purchase -- connectivity to work centers to be assured. (iii) Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or NGOs with government support (iv) Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies (v) Provision of housing for the urban poor on an on-going basis (vi) Reconstruction of government owned Katras in the walled city Recommendations on Urban Governance The status of reform initiatives at the ULB level and State Government level to successfully implement and operate the JnNURM projects has been reviewed. The broad agenda for further institutional reforms are
To clearly institute a political and administrative nodal agency, which could provide effective governance to the NCT; To ensure that the function and powers of this agency and its constituents, match their responsibilities and make them fully accountable. To enable clarity of jurisdiction of various agencies coming into contact with the people and entrusted with various responsibilities
Recommendations to achieve the above include (i) Defining and delimiting areas of the city required to perform the functions of a National Capital (ii) to allow the State Government a say in land and municipal management in the balance areas (iii) subdividing the MCD to create Zonal Councils, the elected representatives of which will report to the Chief Minister (iv) to rationalize planning divisions to match Zonal Council demarcations (v) to constitute a Metropolitan Planning Committee to undertake planning for the entire city (vi) to constitute an Urban Renewal Corporation to undertake renewal of select areas in the city (v) to constitute a Slum Housing Corporation to tackle the issue of housing for the poor. These institutional reforms will provide a basis for the state government to implement the projects identified under JNNURM in more effective and sustainable manner.
E.4
PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN
The project identification and capital investment plan have been prepared for sectors as per the sub-missions of JNNURM. Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance; Sub-Mission-2: Basic Services to Urban Poor The shares of major sectors as shown the table below are water supply (7%); sewerage (11.5%); road network & transportation (56%); and urban poor and slums (18%) respectively. Funding Pattern: The projects for investment support in Delhi are eligible for Central assistance under the following conditions:
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In case any JNNURM project is also approved as externally aided project (EAP), the EAP funds can be passed through as Accelerated Central Assistance to the State Government as funds contributed by States, ULBs, FIs; and JNNURM funds can be used as GoI contribution. If necessary, internal resources of implementing agencies, MP or MLA Local Area Development (LAD) Funds and MLA LAD funds may be substituted for institutional finance or State share.
a. Projects under Appraisal by Sub-Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure and Governance
Rs Crore 200708 200809 200910 201011 201112
CG2
35
SG3
15
Strategy/Project
ULB/ FI4
50
RS (Crore) SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE Water Supply Sewerage Road Network and Transportation System Storm Water Drainage Solid Waste Management Heritage and Conservation City Environment Urban Governance Other Projects Street Lighting SUB-TOTAL 1632 2755 13487 231 593 582 431 9 20 25 19740 535 605 2886 96 222 74 137 4 5 5 4563 500 675 3534 101 181 154 166 4 7 5 5322 330 605 3986 26 101 272 78 1 8 5 5407 167 495 1610 8 51 46 50 0 0 5 2427 0 0 5 2019 100 375 1471 0 38 35 571 964 4720 81 208 204 151 3 7 9 6909 245 413 2023 35 89 87 65 1 3 4 2961 816 1378 6743 116 297 291 215 5 10 13 9870
b. Projects under Appraisal by the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban Poor Under the guidelines, housing is not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution (10 per cent in case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections) is stipulated.
Project Cost 200708 200809 200910 201011 201112
CG
35
SG
15
Strategy/Project
ULB/ FI
50
RS (Crore) SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR
2 3 4
Central Government State Government Urban Local Body / Financial Institution.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Urban Poor, Housing SUB-TOTAL TOTAL
Slum
and
4400 4400 24140
1230 1230 5793
1208 1208 6530
1023 1023 6430
556 556 2983
383 383 2402
2200 2200 9109
0 2961
2200 2200 12070
E.5
FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN

The investment sustaining capacity of MCD, NDMC and DJB, the municipal fiscal situation has been simulated, based on a Financial Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year forecast of municipal finances for a term of 15 years. It has been used to forecast the revenue income and operating expenditures for the period between FY 2005-06 and FY 2019-20. The department wise capital investments are presented in the table below. At least 5% of the investment requirements of ULBs (minimum) is proposed to be mobilized through the private sector. Beneficiary contributions will also account for a part (small) of this investment requirement.
Department wise Investment
Rs Crore
2007-08
200809
2009-10
2010-11
201112
Central Government Contribution State Government Contribution ULB / FI Share (Break-up) MCD NDMC DJB DDA DIMTS DSIDC Forest Department PWD Revenue Dept. Slum Department STA TRAFFIC POLICE UDD INTACH GNCTD State Archaeology DTTDC ASI Private Investment (min.) Total (ULB's / FI's share)
9109 2961
2212.05 684.45
2466.7 798.3
2403.95 811.05
1127.45 364.05
898.15 302.85
1390 44 2194 600 3253 293 4 2495 2.5 1055 7 1.5 12 2 117 43 22 535 12070
365 6.5 569.5 156 652.5 97.5 2 638 1.25 222.5 1 0.5 3.25 0.25 11 3.5 11.75 155.5 2898.5
409.5 9 587 192.5 650 110.5 1.5 841.5 1.25 225 1 0.5 4.25 0.25 32 15.5 8.25 172.5 3264
367.5 11 467.5 125 925 52.5 0.5 767.5 0 299 1.5 0.5 4.5 0.5 60 17.5 1.4 113.5 3215
135.5 10 331 71.5 512.5 33 0 148.75 0 167.5 1.5 0 0 0.5 5 6.5 0.35 68.75 1492
113 7.5 237.5 54.5 512.5 0 0 98.75 0 141.5 1.5 0 0 0.5 9 0 0.25 24.75 1201
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
GRAND TOTAL 24140 5795 6529 6430 2984 2402
The cumulative O&M cost (over 5years 2007 2012) of various projects is Rs 4974 Crore (refer table below). In order to meet the O&M cost, due to new investments, it has been proposed to revise the unit area value, water tax (normal revision of water tax as per DJB norms are proposed), sewerage tax and other revenue sources. O&MO&MPrivate Beneficiary Strategy/Project Rs in Crore SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE Water Supply Sewerage Road Network and Transportation System Storm Water Drainage Solid Waste Management Heritage and Conservation City Environment Urban Governance Other Projects SUB-TOTAL
1632.0 2755 446.7 615
Total Cost
O&MGovernment
Total O&M
0.0 0.0 1218.5 0.0 50.8 19 34 0.0 0.0 1322.3 67.3 67.3 1389.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 262.4 262.4 262.6
446.7 615
13487 231 593 582 431 9 20
1954.7
37.6
3173.2
37.6
0 32 5.6 0.2 0.6
50.8 51.2 39.6 0.2 1 4415.3 558.4 558.4 4973.7
19740 3092.4 SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Slum and 4400 228.7 Housing SUB-TOTAL TOTAL 4400 24140 228.7 3321.1
By instituting prudent fiscal measures and reforms, the MCD will be able to enhance its revenue from the current level (2005-06) of Rs. 2019 Crore to Rs. 5,098.7 Crore in 2011-12. A large part of this is anticipated to accrue from property tax revenues. The ULB is undertaking reform measures in this area, including instituting on-line filing of taxes from 01-04-2007; and digitization and computerization of property tax records, which is due to be completed by 2008-09. This will enable efficiencies to be enhanced in both coverage and collection.
E-13
ABBREVIATIONS
IL&FS ECOSMART
Abbreviations
ABBREVIATIONS
ACGR AIIMS ASI ATC bgl BOD BPL BPO C&D CAGR CBD CBR CDP CDR CETP CGWB CIP CP CPCB CPWD CSE CSO DCB DDA DJB DO DPCC DSIDC DTC DTTDC DU DUAC DUEIIP DWCUA EIUS EMI EPPCA ETF EWS FAR FOP FY GNCTD GoI GSDP GT Ha IIT IMR INTACH ISBT JJ JJC JNNURM kms L&DO : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Annual Compound Growth Rate All India Institute of Medical Science Annual Survey of Industries Area Traffic Control Below Ground Level Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand Below Poverty Line Business Promotion Offices Construction and Demolition Cumulative Annual Growth Rate Central Business District Crude Birth Rate City Development Plan Crude Death Rate Combined Effluent Treatment Plant Central Ground Water Board City Investment Plan Connaght Place Central Pollution Control Board Central Public Works Department Center for Science and Environment Central Statistical Office Delhi Cantonment Board Delhi Development Authority Delhi Jal Board Dissolved Oxygen Delhi Pollution Control Committee Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation Delhi Transport Corporation Delhi Transport and Tourism Development Corporation Dwelling Unit Delhi Urban Art Commission Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project Development of Women and Children in Urban Area Environment Improvement of Urban Poor Employment Market Information Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority Eco Task Force Economic Weaker Section Floor Area Ratio Financial Operation Plan Financial Year Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Government of India Gross State Domestic Product Grand Trunk Hectare Indian Institute of Technology Infant Mortality Rate India National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage Interstate Bus Terminus Jhuggi Jhopari Jhuggi Jhopari Clusters Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission Kilometers Land and Development Organisation
IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
A-1
Abbreviations
LIG MCD MGD MLD mm MPD MRTS MSW NCR NCT NDMC NEERI NGO NH NHAI NOIDA NOx NRY NSDP NSSO O&M OAE PAH PPH PPP PWD RCC SJSRY SLF SO2 SPM Sq.kms STP SWOT TERI TFR UDD UIE USEP UT UWEP WJC WTP YAP
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Low Income Group Municipal Corporation of Delhi Million Gallon per Day Million Litre per day millimeter Master Plan for Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System Municipal Solid Waste National Capital Region National Capital Territory New Delhi Municipal Corporation National Ecological and Environment Research Institute Non-Government Organisation National Highways National Highways Authority of India New Okhla Industrial Development Authority Oxides of Nitrates Nehru Rozgar Yojna Net State Domestic Product National Sample Survey Organization Operation and Maintenance Own Account Enterprises Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Persons per Hectare Public Private Partnership Public Works Department Reinforced Cement Concrete Swarna Jaynti Saw Rozgar Yozana Sanitary Landfill Sulphur Di-oxide Suspended Particulate Matter square kilometers Sewage Treatment Plant Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats The Energy Research Institute Total Fertility Rate Urban Development Department Urban Industrial Extension Urban Self Employment Programme Union Territory Urban Wage Employment Programme Western Jammuna Canal Water Treatment Plant Yamuna Action Plan
IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
A-2
Table of Contents
IL&FS ECOSMART
City Development Plan
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................1-1
1.1 1.2 1.3 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 1-1 CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ..................................... 1-2
1.2.1. 1.3.1 1.3.2. 1.3.3. 1.3.4.

1.4 2.1 2.2
Objective of City Development Plan...................................................... 1-2 City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation ..................................... 1-3 Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City.................... 1-4 Evolving Strategies for Development .................................................... 1-4 Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy .................... 1-5
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS............................................................ 1-2
STRUCTURE OF REPORT................................................................................... 1-5 INTRODUCTION LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE................................. 2-1 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ................................................................................... 2-1
CHAPTER-2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...........................................2-1
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3

2.3
Area and Population ............................................................................ 2-1 Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density ............................... 2-2 Natural Increase ................................................................................. 2-3 Origin and composition of Migrants ...................................................... 2-3 Socio-economic characteristics............................................................. 2-4
MIGRATION PATTERN ...................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.1 2.3.2
2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
LITERACY RATE................................................................................................ 2-4 GENDER RATIO ................................................................................................ 2-5 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ..................................................................................... 2-5 POPULATION PROJECTION ............................................................................... 2-6
2.7.1 2.7.2
3.1 3.2
Annual Average Growth Rate ............................................................... 2-6 Projected Population ........................................................................... 2-7
CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE...............................................3-1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 3-1 ECONOMIC PROFILE......................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.1 Economic Planning............................................................................................ 3-1
3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4

3.3
City GDP Growth and Sectoral contributions....................................... 3-3 Trends ............................................................................................... 3-4 Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue ............................ 3-5 Work Participation Rate ....................................................................... 3-7
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PRIMARY SECTOR ...........................................................................................3-12 i
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3.4 3.5
SECONDARY SECTOR ......................................................................................3-12
3.4.1 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7

3.6 4.1 4.2 4.3
Industry ............................................................................................3-13 Trade, Hotels & Restaurants ...............................................................3-17 Retail Trade.......................................................................................3-17 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business.........................................3-17 Unorganised Trade.............................................................................3-18 Estimated Employment.......................................................................3-18 Financial Indicators ............................................................................3-18 Other Features...................................................................................3-19
TERTIARY SECTOR ..........................................................................................3-16
ISSUES ...........................................................................................................3-19 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 4-1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE.................................................................. 4-2 URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASELINE ..................................................................... 4-7
CHAPTER 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE ........................................4-1
4.3.1 4.3.2
4.4
Land-use ............................................................................................ 4-7 Industrial Activity ................................................................................ 4-8 Air Quality .......................................................................................... 4-8 Water Quality ....................................................................................4-11 Noise ................................................................................................4-13 Depletion of Resources.......................................................................4-14
URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY....................................................................... 4-8
4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3

4.5
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ................................................................................4-14
4.5.1
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
CHAPTER - 5 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH .......................5-1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 CONSTITUENT OF DELHI .................................................................................. 5-1 EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT............................................................................ 5-2 LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY .......................................................................... 5-6 STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS .............................................................................. 5-7 UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES ................................................... 5-8 URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................................. 5-9 STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY ........................................................................... 5-9 STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................5-10
5.10 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ...................................................................5-13 5.11 LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ........................................................5-13 5.12 EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT .............................................................5-14
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5.13 PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21..............................................................5-21 5.14 ISSUES OF LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT ....................................................5-21
CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM ................................................6-1

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 6-1 POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI ............................................................................ 6-1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR ............................................................... 6-1 POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES ............................................................. 6-3 SLUMS / JJ CLUSTERS ...................................................................................... 6-3 SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS/JJ CLUSTERS............................................................ 6-3
6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4

6.7
Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters ................................................ 6-4 Growth of Squatter Settlements ........................................................... 6-5 Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters ................................................. 6-6 Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters ........................................ 6-6 Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement........................... 6-9 JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements...................................................6-10 Tenure Funding Mechanisms ..............................................................6-11 Financial Performance of Slum Improvement .......................................6-11
SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES .................................................. 6-9
6.7.1 6.7.2 6.7.3 6.7.4

6.8 7.1
ISSUES OF SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS ......................................................................6-12 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 7-1
CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT .................7-1

7.1.1 7.1.2
7.2 7.3
Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage Management for Delhi. ........................................................................ 7-4 Agencies Involved in Planning and Implementation of Heritage Conservation ..................................................................................... 7-5
INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI ............................................7-13 WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS....................7-14
7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3

7.4
Development Pattern .........................................................................7-14 Existing Situation ...............................................................................7-15 Priorities for Heritage Management .....................................................7-17 Development Pattern .........................................................................7-19 Development Requirements................................................................7-19
HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................7-19
7.4.1 7.4.2
7.5 7.6 7.7
HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES.............................................................................7-20 HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.............................7-20 LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES..........................................................7-21
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7.7.1
7.8 8.1 8.2 8.3
Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and sites ..................................................................................................7-21
TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES ...............................................................7-21 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 8-1 HISTORY OF DELHI WATER SUPPLY.................................................................. 8-1 PRODUCTION SYSTEM...................................................................................... 8-2
CHAPTER - 8 CITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.........................................8-1
8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4

8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2
Sources of Water ................................................................................ 8-2 Treatment System .............................................................................. 8-2 Transmission and Distribution System .................................................. 8-4 Unaccounted Flow of Water................................................................. 8-5
WATER PRICING AND RECOVERY...................................................................... 8-6 ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND..................................................................... 8-6 AUGMENTATION SCHEMES FOR WATER SUPPLY................................................ 8-6 WATER QUALITY .............................................................................................. 8-7 RAIN WATER HARVESTING ............................................................................... 8-7 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION ....................................................................... 8-8 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 9-1 SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM ......................................................................... 9-1
CHAPTER - 9 CITY SEWERAGE SYSTEM................................................9-1
9.2.1 9.2.2
9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9
Sewerage Facilities in Rural Villages ..................................................... 9-2 Sanitation in Slum and JJ Cluster ......................................................... 9-2
NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) ........................................................ 9-3 TREATMENT SYSTEM........................................................................................ 9-3
9.4.1
Type of Treatment .............................................................................. 9-5
DISPOSAL SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 9-6 SEWERAGE CHARGES AND COLLECTIONS ......................................................... 9-6 INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER............................................................................. 9-7 PERFORMANCE OF CETP'S AT FULL DESIGN LOAD ............................................. 9-9 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION ....................................................................... 9-9
CHAPTER-10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE............................................10-1

10.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-1 10.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM ............................................10-2 10.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ..........................................................10-3
10.3.1 10.3.2
Natural Drainage System ....................................................................10-3 Man-made drainage System ...............................................................10-4

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10.4 ISSUES ...........................................................................................................10-5
CHAPTER-11 REVIEW OF ROAD NETWORK AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM .........................................................................11-1

11.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................11-1 11.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS EXISTING SYSTEMS ....................................................11-2
11.2.1 11.2.2 11.2.3 11.3.1 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.3.4 11.3.5 11.3.6 11.4.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 11.4.5 11.4.6 11.4.7 11.4.8 11.4.9
Transport Network .............................................................................11-3 Road Network....................................................................................11-3 Rail Network ......................................................................................11-4 Vehicular Growth Trends ....................................................................11-5 Road Accident Trends ........................................................................11-6 Traffic Characteristics.........................................................................11-7 Traffic Speeds....................................................................................11-7 Parking..............................................................................................11-8 Traffic Intensities ...............................................................................11-8 Intra Urban Movements....................................................................11-10 Intercity Movements ........................................................................11-11 Public Transport & Para Transit System .............................................11-11 City Bus Service ...............................................................................11-11 Ring Railway....................................................................................11-12 Delhi Metro Rail ...............................................................................11-13 MRTS Phase-I ..................................................................................11-13 Intermediate Public Transport System ...............................................11-13 Inland Water Transport ....................................................................11-13
11.3 TRANSPORT NETWORK DELHI ......................................................................11-5
11.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................... 11-10
11.5 EMERGING ISSUES ........................................................................................ 11-14
CHAPTER 12 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ......................................12-1

12.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................12-1 12.2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................12-1
12.2.1 12.2.2 12.3.1 12.3.2 12.3.3 12.3.4
Legal Framework ...............................................................................12-1 Institutional Framework......................................................................12-2 Waste Collection Services ...................................................................12-3 Waste Generation ..............................................................................12-3 Constituents of Waste ........................................................................12-4 Waste Collection and Storage .............................................................12-6
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Table of Contents
12.3.5 12.3.6 12.3.7
Waste Transportation .........................................................................12-6 Processing and Disposal .....................................................................12-6 Construction and Demolition Debris.....................................................12-9
12.4 CONSTRAINTS TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ...................... 12-11
CHAPTER-13 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...................................13-1

13.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................13-1 13.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT-NCTD ............................................................13-1 13.3 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI ..............................................................13-2
13.3.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-2 13.3.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-2 13.3.3. Issues ...............................................................................................13-3
13.4 DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ..................................................................13-4
13.4.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-4 13.4.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-4 13.4.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-5
13.5 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) AND DELHI POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE (DPCC) ........................................................................13-5
13.6 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) AUTHORITY (EPCA) FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION .............................................................13-6
13.7 DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC) .........................................................13-7
13.8 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD (NCRPB)..................................13-7
13.8.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-7 13.8.2. Function ............................................................................................13-8 13.8.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-9
13.9 DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION..................................................................13-9
13.9.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-9 13.9.2. Functions ........................................................................................13-10

13.10 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) .................................................... 13-10 Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi ToC - vi
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13.10.1. Constitutional Framework .................................................................13-10 13.10.2. Functions and Powers ......................................................................13-10 13.10.3. Institutional Issues...........................................................................13-11
13.11 GNCTD SET-UP ............................................................................................ 13-11 13.12 DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB)............................................................................... 13-11
13.12.1. Constitutional Setup .........................................................................13-11 13.12.2. Functions ........................................................................................13-12

13.13 DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION............................................................... 13-12
13.13.1. Summary of Issues ..........................................................................13-12
CHAPTER-14 REVIEW OF URBAN FINANCE .........................................14-1

14.1 TOWARDS A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FINANCIAL ASPECTS.........................14-1 14.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SITUATION........................14-1 14.3 OVERVIEW OF MCD FINANCES.........................................................................14-1
14.3.1 14.3.2 14.3.3 14.4.1 14.4.2 14.4.3 14.5.1 14.5.2 14.5.3
Revenue Account ...............................................................................14-3 Capital Account..................................................................................14-8 Key Issues and Conclusions ................................................................14-9 Revenue Account .............................................................................14-11 Capital Account................................................................................14-15 Key Issues and Conclusions ..............................................................14-17 Revenue Account .............................................................................14-18 Capital Account................................................................................14-19 Key Issues & Conclusion...................................................................14-20
14.4 OVERVIEW OF NDMC FINANCES .................................................................... 14-10
14.5 OVERVIEW OF DJB FINANCES........................................................................ 14-17
CHAPTER-15 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ........................................15-1

15.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................15-1 15.2 CITY STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE .........................................................................15-1
15.2.1 Primary Stakeholders .....................................................................................15-1 15.2.2 Secondary Stakeholders.................................................................................15-2

15.3 SECTOR WISE VIEWPOINT OF COMMUNITY .....................................................15-3
15.3.1 Sewerage System ..........................................................................................15-4 15.3.2 Storm Water Drainage System .......................................................................15-5 15.3.3 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................15-5 15.3.4 Transportation ..............................................................................................15-6
15.4 PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRESENT LEVEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY...............15-7
15.4.1 View on Water Supply....................................................................................15-7 15.4.2 View on Sewerage .........................................................................................15-8 15.4.3 View on Drainage ..........................................................................................15-8
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15.4.4 Slum and JJ clusters ......................................................................................15-8 15.4.5 Views on Traffic and Transportation Sector .....................................................15-8 15.4.6 Views on Solid Waste Management ................................................................15-8 15.4.7 Willingness to Pay for Services .......................................................................15-9
15.5 STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP ............................................................................15-9
CHAPTER-16 CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT...............................................15-1

16.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................15-1 16.2 STRENGTHS ....................................................................................................15-1 16.3 WEAKNESSES..................................................................................................15-2 16.4 OPPORTUNITIES .............................................................................................15-3 16.5 THREATS ........................................................................................................15-4 16.6 CONSOLIDATED ISSUES ..................................................................................15-5
CHAPTER 17 VISION & DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .......................17-1

17.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................17-1 17.2 VISION STATEMENT ........................................................................................17-1 17.3 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ......................................................17-2 17.4 KEY SECTORS .................................................................................................17-4
17.4.1 The IT & ITES Sector.....................................................................................17-4 17.4.2 The Life Style Sector......................................................................................17-5 17.4.3 The Logistics Sector.......................................................................................17-5 17.4.4 Heritage & Tourism Sector .............................................................................17-6 17.4.5 Education Sector ...........................................................................................17-7
17.5 STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT..................................17-7
17.5.1 Strategy for Water Supply..............................................................................17-7 17.5.2 Strategy for Sewerage ...................................................................................17-8 17.5.3 Strategy for Solid Waste Management ............................................................17-9 17.5.4 Strategy for Drainage ..................................................................................17-10 17.5.5 Strategy for Traffic and Transport ................................................................17-11 17.5.6 Strategy for Urban Heritage .........................................................................17-12 17.5.7 Strategy for Environmental Management ......................................................17-13
17.6 STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION TO THE URBAN POOR............................................................................................................ 17-15
CHAPTER - 18 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK ..........................................18-1

18.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................18-1 18.2 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT OPTIONS .............................................................18-1
18.2.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................18-1 18.2.2 Sewerage System ..........................................................................................18-2 18.2.3 Road Network and Transportation System ......................................................18-4 18.2.4 Storm Water Drainage ...................................................................................18-7 18.2.5 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................18-9 18.2.6 Heritage and Conservation ...........................................................................18-10 18.2.7 Urban Environment......................................................................................18-13
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18.2.8 Urban Governance.......................................................................................18-15 18.2.9 Other Development Projects.........................................................................18-15 18.2.10 Urban Slums and Poor ...............................................................................18-16
18.3 SUMMARY OF COSTS..................................................................................... 18-17
CHAPTER 19 PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ................19-1

19.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................19-1 19.2 WATER SUPPLY ...............................................................................................19-1
19.2.1 Summary of strategies...................................................................................19-1

19.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ........................................................................................19-5
19.3.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-5

19.4 ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM................................................19-7
19.4.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-7

19.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................................................... 19-15
19.5.1 Summary of Strategies ................................................................................19-15

19.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT......................................................................... 19-17

19.7 HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ............................................. 19-21

19.8 URBAN ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 19-30

19.9 URBAN GOVERNANCE .................................................................................... 19-34 19.10 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ................................................................ 19-34 19.11 URBAN SLUMS AND POOR ............................................................................ 19-35
19.11.1 Summary of Strategies...............................................................................19-36

19.12 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................. 19-41
CHAPTER 20 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN ...................................20-1

20.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................20-1 20.2 DEPARTMENT WISE INVESTMENT....................................................................20-1 20.3 O&M COST OF INVESTMENT ............................................................................20-2 20.4 NEED FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES............................................20-3 20.5 ASSUMPTIONS FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INTIATIVES ...............................20-3
20.5.1 Key assumptions for FOP ...............................................................................20-3

20.6 PROPOSED CASH FLOW OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI.....................20-8 20.7 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR DELHI JAL BOARD ............................................. 20-10 20.8 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR NDMC ............................................................... 20-11 20.9 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 20-12
ToC -
ix
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 21 INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ..........................................21-1

21.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................21-1 21.2 REVIEW OF ISSUES IN GOVERNANCE...............................................................21-1 21.3 MEASURES ALREADY INITIATED FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE...............................21-2
21.3.1 E-Governance ...............................................................................................21-3

21.4 AGENDA AND OBJECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS...................................21-3 21.5 NEW PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SET-UP OF DELHI .....................................21-4
21.5.1 Safeguarding of Capital City Functions............................................................21-4 21.5.2 Land Management (in areas outside the Capital City Area)...............................21-4 21.5.3 Streamlining Structure of State and City Level Representatives ........................21-5 21.5.4 Role of Zonal Councils/Corporations (ZC)........................................................21-5 21.5.5 Rationalization of Planning Boundaries............................................................21-6 21.5.6 Metropolitan Planning Committee ...................................................................21-6 21.5.7 Role of Delhi Development Authority ..............................................................21-6 21.5.8 Constitution of Urban Renewal Corporation.....................................................21-7 21.5.10 Water Management .....................................................................................21-7
21.6 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS...21-8
21.6.1 Institutional Structure....................................................................................21-8 21.6.2 Funding Mechanisms .....................................................................................21-9

21.7 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 21-10
ToC -
Chapter 1 : Introduction
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND The Government of India has recently announced the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The Mission focuses on (i) improving and augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii) initiating wide-ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded investment in urban infrastructure and services; and (iv) strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with the provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992. The objectives of the JNNURM are to ensure: Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in cities; Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management through a slew of reforms for long term project sustainability; Ensuring adequate funds to meet deficiencies in urban infrastructure services; Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbanization; Scaling up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to the urban poor; Special focus on urban renewal programme for old city areas to reduce congestion; and Provision of basic services to the urban poor including improved housing, water supply and sanitation, and ensuring delivery of other existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security.
DELHI
JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely (i) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, and (ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the urban Poor.
1-1
1.2
CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN The City Development Plan is both a planning process and a product, which promotes partnership among the various stakeholders in a city- the city government, the private business sector, civil society, academic, and national government agencies- to jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for the future, formulate development strategies, design programmes, prioritize projects, mobilize resources, implement, monitor and evaluate implementation. The CDP is anchored on the following principles of a sustainable city. LIVABILITY - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified standard of living for the city's residents? COMPETITIVENESS - how can the cities be more competitive in the global economy? BANKABILITY - how can the cities be more sustainable? How can public-private partnerships be promoted and/or enhanced? GOOD GOVERNANCE - how can a city's management be improved? How can accountability, integrity and transparency be made an integral part of a city's management?
1.2.1. Objective of City Development Plan The goals of a City Development Plan include a collective city vision and action plan aimed at improving urban governance and management, increasing investment to expand employment and services, and systematic and sustained reductions in urban poverty. In order to achieve the above goals, the objectives of the CDP are to: 1.3 Guide & promote economic development of the city; Develop a consensus building process to establish the city's development priority, strategies and actions; Assist local authorities outline their financing and investment strategies; and, build local capacity for more effective urban management.
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS A City Development Plan is a perspective of and a vision for the future development of a city. Essentially, it addresses the following questions: 1. Where are we now? 2. Where do we want to go? 3. What do we need to address on priority basis? 4. What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?
1-2
The framework for preparing CDP as outlined in JNNURM toolkit is presented Figure 1.1. A key aspect in preparation of the CDP is the involvement of the community of stakeholders in the decision process.
The City Assessment Opportunities, Strengths, risks, and weaknesses Unmet demand / gap Parameters Demography Economic Issues Financial Physical and environment Infrastructure Institutions Universalisation of services especially to the urban poor
Multi-stakeholder Consultations
Future Perspective and Vision Directions of Change and expectations
Strategies Development
for
Sectors / Component Environmental services Social infrastructure Urban renewal Slum improvement and housing for EWS Transport and roads services to the b
Options and strategies
Link with agenda
reform
Criteria for prioritization
City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives
Figure 1.1 - Multistage Process 1.3.1. City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation This is the first step in the preparation of the CDP and includes:
(a) An analysis of the existing situation focusing on demographic analysis and
economic activity, land use, financial, urban infrastructure and urban services (like transportation, water supply, and sanitation, sewerage and solid waste management, drainage, transport parking spaces etc) and physical and environmental aspects including heritage areas, water bodies etc.
(b) An assessment of the financial status of the City Government, parastatal
and other agencies dealing with service provision including an analysis of

1-3
their credit worthiness, effectiveness and efficiency of the institutional frameworks.

(c) Critical assessment as well as projections of the population growth,
infrastructure needs and resource requirements in the short-term, medium term and long-term perspectives.
(d) Urban poverty, characteristics of slums e.g. social set up, availability of
urban basic and social services and on-going slum improvement programmes etc. An assessment of the inner city and urban renewal requirements, an analysis of present status of availability of urban basic services including the condition of the infrastructure.
(e) Identification of existing nature of commercial and industrial establishments
and identification of industries and commercial establishments that are not in conformity to the existing land-use planning and zoning regulations in the inner city areas.
(f) Heritage areas, including Archaeological Heritage, Architectural Heritage,
and Architectural Conservation Areas.

(g) To highlight the "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats" (SWOT
Analysis) of the City Government / parastatal agencies and related Government departments in the City's specific context to provide an understanding of the factors responsible for inefficient and inadequate production and delivery of urban services, their managerial deficiencies and financial constraints; and to highlight critical factors that call for urgent remedial measures at the city and State governments level. 1.3.2. Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City Based on the outcomes of the City Assessment, the second stage envisages the development of a Vision to guide the future development of the city, highlighting the direction of change and working out an Action agenda for implememntation with a specific time frame. Based on the Vision, strategies focusing on growth management, urban infrastructure and basic services, slum improvement, housing for EWS, provision of basic services for urban poor, protection of heritage areas, preservation of water bodies, redevelopment of inner city areas, etc. will be proposed. These strategies will respond risks and opportunities facing the city with a focus on reform and reform priorities. The Development of a Vision will be undertaken in consultation with various stakeholders and civil society in the city. Public consultations will focus on broad assessment of municipal resources, possible impact on the municipal budget and the proposal for reform to support development. 1.3.3. Evolving Strategies for Development This element of work involves highlighting interventions to operationalize the Vision and future development of the city. This includes: Identification of options and strategies and their evaluation keeping in view 1-4
their contribution to the goals, objectives and the reform agenda of the JNNURM. Translating the strategies into programmes and projects and Identifying the programmes that have maximum contribution to the achievement of the city's Vision and medium term perspectives.
Prioritization of the strategies, programmes and projects needs to be done as a consultative process with all the stakeholders. 1.3.4. Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy This includes: (a): Preparation of a City Investment Plan (CIP), which will include the level of investment requirements to implement the CDP by adopting the financial norms or standards for service provision, and their upgradation, restoration, relocation etc, and directly estimating the cost of implementing the reform agenda. (b): Evaluation of financial options and strategies for financing the Vision, as enumerated in the CDP. Areas which the city government could finance by mobilizing resources in association with other tiers of government or financing institutions; the probability of access to capital market; the potential of enlisting private sector participation and steps needed to facilitate its participation, etc. (c): Broad strategies for financial viability of the proposed investments and improving financial sustainability will be worked out. This would include options for PPP in service delivery and O & M, wherever relevant. The investment schedules will layout the costs and revenue estimates of all priority projects in the next seven years of the Mission period. The preparation of CIP would be an iterative process requiring the adjustments and rescheduling to make the whole package work financially. 1.4 STRUCTURE OF REPORT This report presents the results of the above mentioned process carried out for the National Capital City of Delhi. Since the region around Delhi has a considerable bearing on processes in the city, aspects of development in the National Capital Region (NCR) have been incorporated in the assessment of key sectors, particularly demography; economic planning; land and growth management and transportation. The report is presented in the following chapters: Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction City Demographic Profile City Economic Profile City Environment Profile Land Management & Urban Growth Urban Poor and Slum Conservation & Heritage Management 1-5
Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21
Water Supply City Sewerage System Storm Water Drainage Review of Road Network and Transport System Solid Waste Management Institutional Assessment Review of Urban Finance Community Consultation SWOT Analysis City Vision & Strategy Investment Framework Project and Capital Investment Plan Financial Sustenance Plan Institutional Reforms
1-6
Chapter 2 : City Demographic Profile
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 2 City Demographic Profile
CHAPTER - 2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

2.1 INTRODUCTION LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE Delhi is located in northern India between the latitudes of 28-24-17 and 28-53-00 North and longitudes of 76-50-24 and 77-20-37 East. It has an area of 1,483 sq. kms. with a maximum length of 51.90 kms and greatest width of 48.48 kms. It shares borders with the States of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The Yamuna River and terminal part of the Aravali hill range are the two main geographical features of the city. The Aravali hill ranges are covered with forest and are called the Ridges; they are the citys lungs and help maintain its environment. The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in July, August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the Yamuna can result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. During the summer months of April, May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45 degrees Celsius. Winters are typically cold with minimum temperatures during December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree Celsius. February and March, October and November are climatically the best months. The forest cover has increased from 0.76% of the total area in 1980-81 to 1.75% in 1994-95 and 5.93% in 2000-01. Delhis mineral resources are primarily sand and stone, which are useful for construction activities. However, the stone quarries in the Ridge area have been shut down since 1984 on account of environmental considerations. National Capital Region: The NCR comprises of the entire NCT Delhi, eight districts of Haryana, one district of Rajasthan and five districts of Uttar Pradesh with a population of over 371 lakhs in 2001. The sub-regions of NCT-Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh accommodated 37.33%, 23.42%, 8.07% and 31.19% of NCRs population respectively.
2.2
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS Delhi has been one of the fastest growing cities in the country, clocking over 47% decadal growth from 1991-2001, more than double the national rate. A large part of this rapid growth has been due to the high level of migration. The subsequent sections take a closer look at the trends.
2-1
2.2.1 Area and Population The annual average exponential growth rate of population of Delhi was the highest (6.42%) during 1941-1951 due to large-scale migration from Pakistan to India after partition in 1947. Since then the annual growth has been recorded at 4.22 % during 1951-1961; 4.25% during 1961-1971; 4.25% during 1971-1981 and 4.15% during 1981-1991. The annual growth rate of population of Delhi during 1991-2001 has been recorded as 3.85% and it is almost double the national average. 2.2.2 Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density Delhi was considered as a single district for Population Census 1991. In 1996, Government of NCT of Delhi, through a Gazette Notification, created 9 districts and 27 sub-divisions. Population Census 2001 was conducted in Delhi in each of 9 districts and 27 Sub-divisions. Ranking of districts by population, in 1991 and 2001 is given in Table 2.1 Table 2.1: District-wise population
2001 Population % to total 2,860,869 20.65 2,267,023 16.37 2,128,908 15.37 1,768,061 12.77 1,755,041 12.67 1,463,583 10.57 781,525 5.64 646,385 4.67 179,112 1.29 13,850,507 100 1991 Population % to total 1,777,968 18.87 1,501,881 15.94 1,433,038 15.21 1,085,250 11.52 1,087,573 11.55 1,023,078 10.86 686,654 7.29 656,533 6.97 168,669 1.79 9,420,644 100 Decadal Growth 60.91% 50.95% 48.56% 62.92% 61.37% 43.06% 13.82% -1.55% 6.19% 47.02%
District North-West South West North-East South-West East North Central New Delhi Total
Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04
Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.
Population Density According to Census 2001, the density of population, in Delhi, averages 9,340 persons per sq. km. as against 6,352 persons in 1991. Density of population at All-India level has been worked out at 324 persons per sq. km. in 2001. The density of population in Delhi is the highest among all states / UTs in the country. The spatial distribution of the population density in Delhi is given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2: Density of Population (Per person Sq. kms)
Population Density 1991 2001 18,088 29,468 26,261 25,855 15,986 22,868
District North-East Central East
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West North South North-West New Delhi South-West All Delhi

11,116 11,471 6,012 4,042 4,791 2,583 6352
16,503 13,025 9,068 6,502 5,117 4,179 9340
Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.
2.2.3 Natural Increase According to Civil Registration Records, birth and death rate (per000 population) have been declining since 1991. The birth rate of 28.48 per 1000 recorded in 1991, further declined to 21.25 in 2001. The death rate also declined from 6.35 per 1000 in 1991 to 5.86 per 1000 in 2001. Infant mortality rate declined from 32.37 per thousand live births in 1991 to 24.49 in 2001. Table 2.3 provides the annual increase between 1991 and 2001. Table 2.3: Birth & Death Rate
Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001(p) Population 95.5 99.37 103.38 107.5 111.74 116.1 120.57 125.14 129.82 134.6 139.5 Growth 3.89 3.87 4.01 4.12 4.24 4.36 4.47 4.57 4.68 4.78 4.9 Total Birth 2.72 2.74 2.7 2.62 2.75 2.83 2.89 2.84 2.88 3.17 2.96 Total Death 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.68 0.69 0.76 0.71 0.8 0.79 0.8 0.81 (Figures in Lakhs) Natural Increase Migration 2.11 1.78 2.12 1.75 2.06 1.95 1.94 2.18 2.06 2.18 2.07 2.29 2.18 2.29 2.04 2.52 2.09 2.59 2.37 2.41 2.15 2.75
2.3
MIGRATION PATTERN As observed from the above table, migration has been a major driver in the population increase in the city. The key factors relating to this have been discussed below.
2.3.1 Origin and composition of Migrants Table 2.4 shows the last estimate for migration origin. This is based on percentage of migration taking place from various States to Delhi during Census period 1981 to 1991. Table 2.4: Origin of Migrants
State of Origin Uttar Pradesh Haryana % of total migration 49.61% 11.82%
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Bihar Rajasthan Punjab West Bengal Madhya Pradesh Other States

10.99% 6.17% 5.43% 2.79% 2.71% 10.48%
NCR Settlement Pattern: There are 17 Class I cities in the NCR, including Delhi Metropolis. These account for more than 90 % of the total urban population of the region (Delhi alone accounts for 62%) The highest order settlements identified in Regional plan-2001 were six Central NCR towns and 11 priority towns/regional centers outside NCT-Delhi in NCR. The CNCR towns were envisaged to grow to 37 lakhs against which they actually grew to 28.11 lakhs as per the census 2001. Of these six towns, the towns of Ghaziabad and Faridabad reached their targeted population; the rest of the CNCR towns could not achieve their target. The planned vs actual population figures are given in the table below.
Urban & Rural Settlement in NCR-2001
Name of Area CNCR Towns Regional Centers /Priority Towns NCR (excl. NCT Delhi) NCT-Delhi NCR Actual Population 2001 28,10,942 28,17,837 2,32,49,759 1,38,50,507 3,71,00,266 Assigned Popn. as per RP-01 37,00,000 49,00,000 2,13,00,000 1,12,00,000 3,25,00,000 Actual Popn. as % of Assigned Population 75.97 57.51 109.15 123.67 114.15
DURATION OF MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT As per a survey done by The Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, a majority of the migrant workers were employed as petty traders or vendors in the service sector and manufacturing. Together these account for over 80% of the migrant population. Table 2.5: Occupational Characteristics of Migrant population
Migration Category Dominant Occupation Transpor Workers Manufacturing, Petty t in Construction Traders Workers Services and Related and Work Vendors 5 3 2 3 15 0 3 5 3 2 8 12 Casual Workers 1 0 2 Total
0-5 Years 6-9 Years 10-11 Years
14 23 27
2-4
Migration Category
12-15 Years Total
Dominant Occupation Transpor Workers Manufacturing, Petty t in Construction Traders Workers Services and Related and Work Vendors 26 11 27 14 49 (32.7) 16 (10.7) 40 (26.7) 34 (22.7)
Casual Workers 8 11 (7.3)
Total
86 150 (100.0)
(NOTE: Figures in parenthesis are in percentage) Source: The Institute of Economic Growth Delhi
2.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics There is a clear class difference between the native residents of Delhi and the migrants. Among the natives, a larger number are either rich or belong to the middle class. On the other hand, among the migrants from Bihar and Jharkhand, a large number are poor, and only 7% are rich. Similarly, most migrants from UP and Uttaranchal are also poor. But those who migrated to this city at the time of independence have become very rich 87% among them have become rich or belong to the middle class. A snapshot of the economic profile is given below. Table 2.6: Economic Status of Migrant population
Place of origin Delhi Bihar and Jharkhand UP and Uttaranchal Pakistan Other states
Source: HT-CSDS 2003 survey
Rich 20 7 10 36 23
Middle 53 31 46 51 49
Poor 27 61 45 13 28
2.4
LITERACY RATE Literacy rate in Delhi was 81.67 in 2001. The rural and urban composition was 78.05 and 82.00, respectively. The following table gives the literacy rate in rural and urban areas of nine districts as recorded in 2001 Census. Table 2.7: Literacy Rate
State/District Total State: NCT of Delhi Districts North West North North East East New Delhi Central West South West South Literacy Rate (%) Rural 81.67 78.05 80.57 80.10 77.53 84.91 83.24 79.69 83.39 83.61 81.96 78.62 78.48 75.58 81.94 76.19 79.61 78.05 Urban 82.00 80.77 80.31 77.70 84.94 83.24 79.69 83.68 84.20 82.25
2-5
2.5
GENDER RATIO The gender ratio of Delhi has been showing an upward trend since 1971, though at 821, it is still much lower than the All India average of 933, in 2001. A comparative view of the two is given in Table 2.8. Table 2.8: Sex Ratio of population
Census Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Sex Ratio (Females per 000 Males) Delhi India 862 972 793 964 733 955 722 950 715 945 768 946 785 941 801 930 808 934 827 927 821 933
Source: Delhi Statistical Handbook 2004
2.6
SOCIAL COMPOSITION The Planning Commission estimates the proportion and number of poor separately for rural and urban India at the national and state levels based on the recommendations of the Task Force on 'Projections of Minimum Needs and Effective Consumption Demands' (1979). The Task Force had defined the poverty line (BPL) as the cost of an all India average consumption basket at which calorie norms were met. The norms were 2400 calories per capita per day for rural areas and 2100 calories for urban areas. These calories norms have been expressed in monetary terms for each individual year. Table 2.9: Monthly Per Capita Poverty Line Delhi- 1973-74/1999-2000
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According to the Delhi Economic Survey 2004-2005, 6% of the people living in Delhi are very poor and another 28% poor. If clubbed together, 34% would be considered as poor. On the other hand, nearly 6% people in Delhi would be considered as very rich and another 12% as rich. As such, 18% people in Delhi are those who would be considered as belonging to the rich class. There is a big middle class, which constitutes 48% of the population. Among the middle class, 28% belong to the upper middle class, while 20% fall in the lower middle class. 2.7 POPULATION PROJECTION The population projection for Delhi has been provided below. This is as per the projections given by the Census of India. The breakup has been provided by sex, dependency and age. The estimates project a growing trend in the population density and median age, whereas the sex ratio shows a worryingly downward trend. 2.7.1 Annual Average Growth Rate The demographic indicators project a marginal downturn in the population growth rate from 2.9 per thousand to 2.7. Table 2.10: Demographic Indicators: 2001-2025
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2-8
2.7.2 Projected Population As per the projections of Census of India, the population of Delhi is expected to be over 24 million by 2021 and touch 28 million by 2026. Population Projections for NCR: The population projection for NCR for the year 2011 and 2021 is given in the table below. The population of NCR is projected to be 641.4 lakhs by 2021. The percentage share of NCT-Delhi is expected to decrease from 37.3% in 2001 to 37% in 2011 and thereafter to 36.6% in 2021. In Haryana Sub-region, the percentage share is projected to consistently increase from 23.4% in 2001 to 24.9% in 2021, whereas in case of UP, it may decline marginally from 31.2% in 2001 to 30.9% in 2021.
Population Growth in National Capital Region
Sub-Region 1961 NCT-Delhi Haryana Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh NCR 26.6 28.9 11.0 44.5 2072 Population in Lakh 1971 40.6 37.9 14.0 54.4 2117.9 1981 62.2 49.4 17.7 69.6 2189.9 1991 94.2 66.4 22.9 90.0 2274.5 2001 138.5 86.8 29.9 115.7 2371.9 Decadal Growth Rate 6101 51.1 31.6 28.4 27.0 35.2 Population Projection 2011 179.9 117.5 37.9 150.8 2497.1 2021 234.8 160.2 48.1 198.3 2662.4
2-9
Chapter 3 : City Economic Profile
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 3 City Economic Profile
CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.1 INTRODUCTION Delhi is rapidly emerging as a world-class metropolis. With a 15% average compounded growth rate, it has one of the fastest growing economies in the country, among cities with million plus population. As with all metros, Delhis economy is driven by the services sector, which accounts for 78% of its GSDP and provides employment to 58% of the labour force. The growing affluence of its populace is reflected by the relatively high per capita income, which at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 ranks second only to Chandigarh. Its literacy rate of 81.82% (as per census 2001) is fourth highest among states in the country. At the same time, this affluence acts as a magnet for immigration from neighboring states and drives the rapid growth in the Citys population. As per the 2001 census the City had a decadal growth rate of 46.31% over 1991, which was more than double the All India growth rate. On the one hand the growing population, coupled with the growing per capita income is fuelling the growth of the services sector, which in turn provides employment to a majority of the work force. The high proportion of immigration also provides a ready pool of resources for the unorganized sector of the City, which constitutes a significant portion of the overall economy of Delhi. However, it is necessary to study the various aspects of the economy to understand the dynamics further and formulate a coherent strategy for the future. 3.1.1 Economic Planning Economic planning for Delhi is presently undertaken at the State level, by the Planning Department of the Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi. This section takes a quick look at the economic planning agendas over the last few years, and the present trends. Of the Rs. 15,541.28 crore approved by the Planning Commission as plan outlay for the 9th Five Year Plan for Delhi, the tentative expenditure in the 9th Five Year Plan would be about Rs. 13,469.68 crore. It is about 87% of the original approved outlay. The details of outlay and expenditure during Annual Plans under the 9th Five Year Plan are presented below in Table 3.1: Table 3.1: Details of outlay & expenditure during Annual Plan under 9th Five Year Plan (in Crores)
S. No. 1. 2. Annual Plan 1997-98 1998-99 Allocation of Plan Outlay 2331.73 2700.00 Revised Estimate 2073.00 2365.86 Expenditure 1978.31 2054.56
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S. No. 3. 4. 5.
Annual Plan 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002
Allocation of Plan Outlay 3000.00 3300.00 3800.00
Revised Estimate 2500.00 3300.00 4200.00
Expenditure 2298.20 3129.11 4009.50
Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07 document of the GNCTD
During the last two plans (8th & 9th), Infrastructure areas like Energy, Transport, Urban Development and Water Supply received a majority of the funding, indicating the focus of the Govt. on Urban Infrastructure, which required major up gradation, driven by the rising population and expectations. Table 3.2, given below, shows the investments in each of the priority sectors. Table 3.2: Priorities Sectors of Eighth Five-Year Plan & Ninth Five-Year Plan (Rs. in crore)
S. No. Name of the Sectors Transport Energy Urban Development Water Supply Medical & Public Health Education (Gen. & Tech.) Social Welfare Welfare of SC/ST/OBC Others Grand Total 8th Five Year Plan (199297) Expn. 9th Five Year Plan (199702) Outlay 9th Five Year Plan Anticipated Expn. 2260.69 3589.70 1998.07 1896.88 1032.31 1132.15 133.70 36.50 1389.65 13469.68 10th Plan Outlay (2002-07)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
851.94 1549.40 966.11 895.30 407.36 609.18 34.82 38.48 855.73 6208.32
3158.40 3046.55 2070.75 2540.00 1101.40 1080.75 108.60 87.25 2347.58 15541.28
5446.71 3457.50 2940.25 3766.00 2223.50 1840.00 322.50 158.00 369.29 20523.75
Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07. Document of the GNCTD
The Tenth Plan outlay has been made based on various studies done by the concerned Departments and the 20 year perspective Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP) 2021 formulated with the Ministry of Environment & Forest, GoI. The outlays for the priority sectors under this plan indicate a continued emphasis on the infrastructure aspects that characterized the previous plans, as shown in the table above. 3.2 ECONOMIC PROFILE
3.2.1 City GDP Growth and Sectoral contributions This section provides a review of the present position of the City Economy.
3-2
Estimates at Current Prices Delhi has a strong and vibrant economy. Gross State Domestic Product at current prices was to the tune of Rs. 66,866 crores during 2001-02 depicting a 7.0% growth over the previous year (Table 3.3). Quick estimates at Rs. 74,474 crores for 2002-03 indicate 11.4% growth at current prices. Net State Domestic Product at current prices for the year 2002-03 is estimated to touch Rs. 68747 crores indicating a growth of 11.6% over the previous year (Table 3.4) Table 3.3 Percentage Growth over previous year
1999-00 GSDP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices NSDP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices 11.4 4.6 11.8 4.6 2000-01 18.2 13.6 18.8 14.2 2001-02 7.0 4.2 7.0 4.2 2002-03 11.4 7.9 11.6 8.1
Estimates at 1993-94 Prices GSDP at 1993-94 prices was estimated at Rs. 40,900 crores for 2001-02 indicating a real growth of 4.2% over the previous year (Table 3.5). However real annual growth for the year 2002-03 (Rs. 44,135 crores) is expected to be 7.9% as compared to 4.0% at the national level. NSDP at 1993-94 prices was estimated at Rs. 37,366 crores with 4.2% annual growth for the year 2001-02. However the annual growth for 2002-03 (Rs. 40,396 crores) is expected to be at 8.1% (Table 3.6). The real growth in sectoral GSDP for 2002-03 is expected to be -2.0% in the primary sector, 6.4 % in the secondary sector and 8.5 % in the tertiary sector.
Figure 1 Year-Wise Growth of GDP at Current Prices
25 23.1 22 20 19.1 18.2 17.4 17 15.9 15 11.4 10 9.8 11.8 10.2 8 5 9.9 7 7.6 11.4
Percentage
15
15.2
0 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Year
Delhi All India
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3.2.2 Trends Gross State Domestic Product of Delhi, at current prices, estimated at Rs. 74,474 crores during 2002-03, has shown an annual compound growth rate of 15.11% over the estimate of Rs. 20,992 crores in 1993-94. Similarly, annual compound growth rate at 1993-94 prices has been 8.61% for the corresponding period. The Net State Domestic Product at current prices for 2002-03 has been estimated of Rs. 68,747 crores, indicating an annual compound growth rate of 15.38% over the corresponding estimate of Rs. 18,967 crores in 1993-94. At 1993-94 prices, NSDP is projected at Rs. 40,396 crores in 2002-03 registering an annual compound growth rate of 8.76 %. The comparative picture of Delhi vis-vis All India is depicted below: Table 3.4: Annual Compound Growth (Between 1993-94 & 2002-03)
DELHI GSDP/GDP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices NSDP/NNP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices
ALL INDIA 12.47% 5.98% 12.5% 5.89%
15.11% 8.61% 15.38% 8.76%
Per Capita Income According to the present series, the per capita income of Delhi at current prices is projected at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 compared to Rs. 43,751 in 2001-02. The annual growth rates for 2001-02 is 3.2% respectively. Quick Estimates indicate an annual growth of 8.5% during 2002-03. The per capita income of Delhi at 1993-94 prices is projected at Rs. 27,898 in 2002-03 compared to Rs. 26,550 in 2001-02, registering an annual growth of 5.1 %. However in real terms per capita income at National level has been estimated at Rs. 10,964 during 2002-03 (CSO Estimates) Delhis per capita income is more than double the national average, both at current and constant prices as indicated below: Table 3.5: Per Capita Income (in Rs.)
1993-94 At Current Prices Delhi All India At Constant (1993-94) Prices Delhi All India 18,166 7,690 18,166 7,690 2001-02* 43,751 17,947 26,550 10,774 2002-03# 47,477 18,912 27,898 10,964 A.C.G.R. 1993-94 to 2002-03 11.26% 10.52% 4.88% 4.02%
N.B.: * - Provisional, # - Quick, ACGR Annual Compound Growth Rate. Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004
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3.2.3 Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the income and employment generation potentials for the three main sectors of the City Economy. States / UT Wise Position Table 3.6 provides the provisional results of the fifth economic census in States / UTs in respect of key features. NCT of Delhi has secured a share of 1.79% in enterprises and 4.12% in terms of employment in the total for the country. Table 3.6: Key Features of the Economy
Parameters Total Enterprises - Share of All India Average Annual Growth Rate: - Enterprises - Employment Percentage Enterprise Employing 10+ persons Percentage of Enterprises in non-Agri Business Total Employment - Share of All India Hired Workers Percentage Female Workers Percentage Delhi 753,795 1.79% 1.36 2.21 2.7% 99.3% 4,080,033 4.12% 76.6% 10.5% All India 42,123,849 4.8 2.49 1.4% 84.7% 98,967,642 52.4% 19.3% Position 16 33 18 10 1 11 6 34
Source: Fifth Economic Census 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD
Sectoral Review The analysis of sectoral growth in Gross State Domestic Product at current prices reveals that contribution of primary sector comprising of agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing, mining & quarrying and also the secondary sector comprising of manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply and construction is decreasing. On the contrary, the tertiary sector, also called the service sector, comprising of trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication, financing & insurance, real estate, business services, public administration and other services, is the major contributor to the economy of Delhi, increasing regularly. The contribution of primary the sector, which was 3.85 % during 1993-94, has come down to 1.13% in 2002-03. Similarly the contribution of the secondary sector recorded at 25.20% in the base year has also declined to 21.90% in 200203. On the other hand, the contribution of the tertiary sector which worked out to 70.95% in 1993-94 has increased to 76.97% in 2002-03. A comparative picture regarding the shift in sectoral composition of GSDP in Delhi is available in Table 3.7 below.
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NCR Review: The industrial activities in NCR have been developing over a span of more than three decades during which substantial structural changes have taken place. Industrial development in NCR, to a large extent, is characterized by the Scale Factor i.e developments could be easily characterized in terms of large and medium units, small scale industries and development in tiny unorganized units. Table 3.7 - Sectoral Growth of Economy at Current Prices (in Rs. Lakhs)
Sector Primary Secondary Tertiary Gross State domestic product 1998-99 76,757 889,763 3,781,896 4,748,416 1999-00 80,465 878,711 4,349,952 5,300,965 2000-01 82,601 1,370,739 4,821,690 6,273,293 2001-02 79,912 1,356,687 5,380,169 6,818,546 2002-03 84,361 1,460,876 5,940,281 7,480,683 2003-04 84,452 1,629,390 6,668,633 8,382,475
Sectoral composition of Gross State Domestic Product at 1993-94 prices also indicates the same trend as that of current prices but with slight variations in percentages. During 2002-03 contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sector was 1.17%, 22.54% and 76.29% respectively. Table 3.8 Sectoral Composition of GSDP in Delhi (in Percentage)
Sector Primary Secondary Tertiary Total 199394 3.85 25.2 70.95 100.00 2000-01
Current Constant
2001-02
Current Constant
2002-03
Current Constant
1.29 21.92 76.79 100.00
1.37 22.96 75.67 100.00
1.23 22.13 76.64 100.00
1.29 22.86 75.85 100.00
1.13 21.9 76.97 100.00
1.17 22.54 76.29 100.00
The reasons for the shift in the sectoral composition of the Delhi Economy may be attributed to the rapid urbanization and consequential reduction in agricultural and allied activities on one hand; and substantial increase in activities pertaining to the services sector on the other. Regular monitoring of environmental degradation by different Government agencies on the directives of the Honorable Supreme Court and subsequent closure of polluting industrial units also contributed to the reduction of output of the secondary sector.
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NCR Sectoral Review: The organized industrial sector consisting of the large and medium units and SSI in NCR has developed both in terms of number of units as well as in terms of growth in terms of growth of different industries. In Haryana Sub-Region, units are manufacturing engineering goods, consisting of metal products and parts, machine tools and electric machinery show highest percentage distribution. Electric machinery, metal products and parts, chemical products and parts, textile products constitute the major sectors in UP Sub-Region. In Rajasthan Sub-Region, metal products and parts, textile products and transport equipments along with chemicals, non-metallic mineral products and basic metal products constitute the major sectors.
3.2.4 Work Participation Rate This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the employment and distribution of workers based on various parameters including geographical, industry segment, enterprise type, etc. NCR Review Worker Participation: The Central NCR towns, namely, Bahadurgarh, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Gaziabad, NOIDA, with a workforce participation rate of 29.50% in 1991 had a very low proportion of primary workers (5.16%) a moderately high proportion of secondary worker (37.29%) and a high proportion of tertiary workers (57.55%). The Regional Centers as identified as in the Regional Plan 2001 in totality represented a workforce participation rate of 27.10% in 1991 as compared to 26.6% in 1981. Distribution of Enterprises The number of enterprises found to be operating in the geographical boundaries of NCT of Delhi during 2005 was 753,795. Out of them only 27,695 (3.67%) were in rural areas and 726,100 (96.33%) in urban areas. Enterprises have been classified into two broad groups with respect to type of premises viz. Enterprises with premises and without premises (i.e. moving type).
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Table 3.9 - Distribution of Enterprises
Analysis of related data revealed that out of the total enterprises 87.23% were enterprises operating with fixed premises and rest of the 96,238 enterprises accounting for 12.77% were operating without any fixed premises. About 2.68% of the total enterprises were the found to be employing more than 10 workers. Break-up of enterprises, as shown in Table 3.10 in terms of the agricultural and non-agricultural type revealed that 5,328 (0.71%) belong to the former category and 748,467 (99.29%) to the latter. There has been a substantial drop in rural enterprises between 1998 and 2005, of over 25%, whereas urban enterprises have shown a growth of over 10% in the same period. Table 3.10 - Number of Enterprises under 4th & 5th Economic Census
Distribution of Number of Persons Usually Working The total number of persons usually found to be working in the enterprises of Delhi worked out to 4,080,033 persons. The share of rural and urban enterprises with respect to employment was about 1.79% and 98.21% respectively. Out of the total workers, 3,123,667 (76.56%) were hired workers and of the rest, nearly 23.44%, were household workers.
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Table 3.11 - Employment under 4th & 5th Economic Census (Number pf persons)
Employment in the Fifth Economic Census when compared to that Fourth economic Census registered an overall increase of about 16.54% during the period 1998-2005. However, there was a drop of nearly 15% in employment in rural areas. Average Employment The average number of persons usually working in each enterprise comes to 5.41 persons in Delhi. In Rural Delhi, this average was 2.64 persons per enterprise while in urban areas it was as high as 5.52 persons per enterprise. In comparison to the fourth economic census (1998) the overall average employment per enterprise registered a marginal increase from 5.10 person per enterprise to 5.41 persons in the fifth economic census (2005). Table 3.12 - Average Employment under Fifth & Fourth Economic Census (Number of persons)
The average number of hired persons per enterprise was 1.57 and 4.24 persons for rural and urban areas respectively. District-Wise Profile The basic enterprise data is presented district-wise in Table 3.13 below. Based on the Fifth Economic Census, the North-West District with a share of 17.33% in
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the total number of enterprises is leading the table. This is closely followed by the South District (14.16%) and West District (13.39%). In the case of employment, the South District with a 16.80% share is in the forefront. It is followed by the North-West District (14.35%) and the West District (11.36%). New Delhi District is ranked least, both in the case of the number of enterprises and employment among the 9 districts for obvious reasons. Table 3.13 - District- wise numbers of Enterprises with Selected Principal Characteristics
Worker Characteristics The following Table indicates the estimated distribution of population in Delhi according to the 48th, 55th and 57th rounds (July 2001 to June 2002) of NSS under state sample: Table 3.14 - Estimated Distribution of Population (in lakhs)
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Particulars Employed Unemployed Labour Force (1+2) Out of Labour Force Estimated Population (3+4) Percentage of unemployed person to Labour Force 48th Round (Jan.-Dec. 1 992) 32.61 (33.04%) 1.96 (1.99%) 34.57 (35.02%) 64.14 (64.98%) 98.71 (100.00%) 5.67 55th Round (July 1999-June 2000) 38.94 (29.29%) 5.59 (4.20%) 44.54 (33.49%) 88.44 (66.51%) 132.98 (100.00%) 12.55 57th Round (July 2001 to June, 2002) 41.75 (29.93%) 2.95 (2.12%) 44.70 (32.05%) 94.80 (67.95%) 139.50 (100.00%) 6.60
Note: Household Consumer Expenditure in Delhi (Based on NSS 57th Round 2002)-Dept. of Eco. & Stats)
From the above Table it may be seen that while the total number of persons as well as the labour force increased in absolute terms, there was a decrease in relative terms from 34.57 lakh in (48th Round) to 44.54 lakh (55th Round) and 44.70 lakh in 57th Round (2002). The distribution of the work force by type of activities as per 48th round (Jan.Dec. 1992) and 55th round (July 1999-June 2000) is given in Table 3.15 below.
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Table 3.15: Distribution of Workforce by Type of Activities

S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Activities Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Electricity, Gas, Water etc. Construction Trade, Hotel, and Restaurants Transport, Communication etc. Finance and Business Activities Public Admn., Education, Health etc. Total 48th Round 0.92 (2.82) 7.84 (24.04) 0.09 (0.28) 1.78 (5.46) 6.85 (21.01) 2.59 (7.94) 1.53 (4.69) 11.01 33.76) 32.61 (100.00)
(in lakhs)
55th Round 0.60 (1.54) 8.78 (22.55) 0.11 (0.29) 2.26 (5.78) 11.31 (29.05) 2.91 (7.47) 2.49 (6.40) 10.48 (26.92) 38.94 (100.00)
Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentages
From the above table it may be seen that as per the 55th Round of NSS (2000), the major sources of employment in Delhi are Trade, Hotels and Restaurants (29.05%) followed by Public Administration, Educations, Health etc.(26.92) and Manufacturing (22.55%) The statuswise distribution of work force as per 48th round (1992), 55th round (2000) and 57th round (2002) of NSSO Surveys, given in Table 3.16 shows that out of the total work-force, the number of self-employed persons increased from 13.05 lakh (33.51%) in 55th round to 14.61 (35.00%) lakh in the 57th round. The regular/wage salaried persons increased from 22.91 lakh (58.84%) in 55th round (2000) to 25.21 lakh (60.38%) in 57th round (2002). Table 3.16: Distribution of Workforce
S. No. 1 2 Descripti on Selfemployed 48th 10.00 Urban 55th 11.91 57th 14.17 48th 1.22 Rural 55th 1.14 57th 0.44 2.33 0.07 48th 11.31 (34.68%) 18.72 (57.41%) 2.58 (7.91%) 32.61 (100.00%) Total 55th 13.05 (33.51 %) 22.91 (58.84 %) 2.98 (7.65%)
(in lakhs)
57th 14.61 (35.00%) 25.21 (60.38%) 1.93 (4.62%)
Regular / 17.11 20.87 22.88 1.61 2.04 Wage Salaried 3 Others / 2.41 2.71 1.86 0.17 0.27 Casual Wage Labourers 4 Total 29.61 35.49 38.91 3.00 3.45 Work Force Source: Annual Plan On Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Planning Department, GNCTD
38.94 41.75 (100.0 (100.00 0%) %) Manpower & Employment Office,
2.84
Informal Sector The informal sector contributes significantly in generation of employment and income. Of the total of 17.45 lakh persons employed in 8.38 lakh enterprises in the informal sector during June 1999 -July 2000, 8.50 lakh (48.72%) were employed in trading activities. Manufacturing sector accounts for 4.12 lakh persons (23.60) followed by other service sectors.
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Organized Sector As per the Employment Market Information (EMI) of Dept. of Employment, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, employment in the organized sector declined slightly from 8.45 lakh in March 1998 to 8.39 lakh in March 2004. Unemployment According to the results of 48th & 55th Rounds of NSSO conducted during 1992 and 1999-2000, 1.96 lakh and 5.59 lakh persons were found to be unemployed during the period (Table No. 3.14). As per NSS 57th Round conducted during 2002, 2.95 lakh persons were found unemployed. Table 3.17 - Distribution of Unemployed Persons by Level of Education Attained
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Education Level Illiterate Literate+ Primary Middle Secondary 10+2 Graduate & Others Total % of Total Male 32525 50080 51183 61074 26114 47912 268888 48.09 Female 57563 36989 43708 41804 39980 70198 290242 51.91 Total 90088 87069 94891 102878 66094 118110 559130 100.00 % of Total 16.11 15.57 16.97 18.40 11.82 21.13 100.00
Source: Annual Plan on Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Manpower & Employment Office, Planning Department, GNCTD
From the above table it may be seen that out of the total unemployed persons, graduates and others constitute 21.13%; followed by those educated up to secondary level (18.40%). Educated unemployed persons constitute 83.89% of the total estimated unemployed persons in Delhi during 2000. 3.3 PRIMARY SECTOR The Primary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of share in the GSDP. This is to be expected as rural and agricultural lands are developed to cater to the rapid urbanization of the city. A quick snapshot of the income of the various types of enterprises in this sector is given in the table below. Table 3.18 - Net Income and Growth in the Primary Sector (in Rs. Lakhs)
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The sector has been more or less stagnant over the last 10 years. 3.4 SECONDARY SECTOR The Secondary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of its share of GSDP. One of the major factors was the policy of shifting polluting industries out of the NCT area. This has lead to a general slow down in industrial activity as can be seen from the chart below. However, the major factor of growth in this sector has been the performance of the construction industry, which at 21.39% CAGR is the highest in all the industrial segments. A quick snapshot of the income of the various types of enterprises in this sector is given in table 3.19 below: Table 3.19 : Net Income and Growth in the Secondary Sector (in Rs. Lakhs)
3.4.1 Industry During the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) in 2003-04, there were 3193 factories in the organized sector. The primary characteristics of these industries have been shown below in Table 3.20 Table 3.20: Important characteristics of the organised industrial (Factory) sector during 2003-2004
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Organised Industry The summary results revealed that during the reference period of ASI 1 2003-2004, a larger 2 number of factories were engaged in manufacturing 3 of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur 4 (17.71%); followed by 5 manufacture of fabricated material product except 6 machinery (8.55%); 7 manufacture of machinery 8 9 and equipment (8.49%); and manufacture of rubber and plastic product (6.66%); manufacture of publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media (6.42%) These five industries together account for 45.7 percent of the total working factories, provide employment to 58.24 percent of the total employees and utilize 51.98 percent of fixed capital stock. Their share in the gross value of output and net value added by manufacture were 37.33 and 44.84 percent respectively.
S .No Type of Organisation No. of Factories Covered Census Sample Total Individual Proprietorship 36 953 989 15.06% 32.26% 30.97% Joint Family (HUF) 0 26 26 0.88% 0.81% Partnership 74 1001 1075 30.96% 33.89% 33.67% Public Limited Company 50 103 153 20.92% 3.49% 4.79% Private Limited Company 79 871 950 33.05% 29.49% 29.75% Govt. Deptt. Enterprises 0 0 0 Public Corporation 0 0 0 Co-operative Societies 0 0 0 Others 0 0 0 TOTAL 239 2954 3193 100% 100% 100%
The study during the Annual Survey of 2002-03 reveals that: 1. Factories under the group partnership numbering 1075 (33.67 %) were the highest in the factory sector; followed by individual proprietorship-989 (30.97%); Private Limited Company-950 (29.75%); Public Limited Company153 (4.79%); Joint Family (HUF)-26 (0.81%) in that order. 2. In the Census Sector, Pvt. Ltd. Companies number 79 (33.05%), Partnerships-74 (30.96%), Public Limited Company-50 (20.92%), Individual Proprietorship-36 (15.06%) and other organisation as Joint Family (HUF), Govt. Dept., Public Corporation & Co-op Society are Nil.
The Census Sector consists of the following categories: Units having 100 or more workers and All factories covered under Joint return and contributing significantly in terms of GVA. Sample sector: All industrial units of the entire ASI frame minus the Industrial units of the Census Sector will form the sample sector.
3. The pattern in the Sample sector, however was slightly different i.e. Partnership 1001 (33.89%) occupied the top position, followed by Individual Proprietorship 953 (32.26%), Private Ltd. Company 871 (29.49%), Public Ltd. Company 103 (3.49%), Joint Family (HUF) 26 (0.88%) in that order. Household Industries The Report on Unorganised Service Sector in Delhi, based on the data collected during the 57th NSS survey, indicates that nearly 69.25% of the total enterprises in the unorganized service sector in Delhi were household
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enterprises, employing about 2.21 lakh workers. As per the 4th Economic Census, the total number of Own Account Enterprises (OAE), which are the same as household enterprises, is 329,190. Of this, Retail Trade accounted for a whopping 135,398 followed by Transport at 34,991 and Manufacturing & Repair at 34,659. Unorganized Industry The pattern of enterprises and employment in the unorganized industrial sector is very similar to that of the organized sector. Here too the manufacturing of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur has the largest representation with 27.42% followed by manufacture of fabricated metal at 13.93% and manufacture of furniture at 10.82%. These sectors also provided the highest employment with 30.22%, 10.14% and 9.65%, respectively. Table 3.21: Distribution of Enterprise and Employment by Type in the Unorganized Sector
DELHI Employment Generated Number Percentage
Description Manufacture of Wearing Apparels; Dressing & Dyeing of Fur Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery & Equipment Manufacture of Furniture; Mfg. NEC Manufacture of Food Products & Beverages Manufacture of Textiles Manufacture of Rubber & Plastics Products Manufacture of Paper & paper Products Publishing, Printing & reproduction of Recorded Media Manufacture of Machinery & Equipment Manufacture of Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Tanning & Dressing of Leather: Mfg. Of Luggage, Handbags, Footwear etc. Manufacture of Basic Metals
Enterprises Rank Number Percentage
Rank
52168
27.42
239948
30.22
26499 20586 17986 15898 9520 6873 5454 5254 4549
13.93 10.82 9.45 8.35 5 3.61 2.87 2.76 2.39
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
80515 76646 56084 75273 38023 27608 22054 29520 26820
10.14 9.65 7.06 9.48 4.79 3.48 2.78 3.72 3.38
2 3 5 4 6 8 10 7 9
4133 3968
2.17 2.09
11 12
18605 17550
2.34 2.21
12 14
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Description Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers 7 Semi-Trailers Manufacture of Radio, Television & Communication Equipment & Apparatus Manufacture of Wood Products Manufacture of Chemicals & Chemical Products Manufacture of Medical, Precision & optical Instruments, Watches & Clocks Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products Recycling Manufacture of Office, Accounting & Computing Machinery Manufacture of Tobacco Products Total
Enterprises Rank Number Percentage 3615 1.9 13
DELHI Employment Generated Number Percentage 17866 2.25
Rank
13
3148 2869 2707
1.65 1.51 1.42
14 15 16
21480 8261 14711
2.7 1.04 1.85
11 17 15
2606 1250 704 378 94 18 190277
1.37 0.66 0.37 0.2 0.05 0.01 100
17 18 19 20 21 22
10098 6560 3106 3004 209 117 794058
1.27 0.83 0.39 0.38 0.03 0.01 100
16 18 19 20 21 22
Source: Report on Unorganised Manufacturing Activities in Delhi, 56th Round
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TERTIARY SECTOR The tertiary sector, accounting for 76% of the GSDP of Delhi, is also the fastest growing. Banking & Insurance and the Real Estate & Business Services showed the highest growth rates at 20.17% and 17.22% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2003-04. Overall the sector growth at 16.53% was the highest of all the 3 sectors. Table 3.22 Net Income and Growth in the Tertiary Sector (in Rs. Lakhs)
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The major industries under this sector, in terms of income are Banking & Insurance and Trade, Hotels & Restaurants at 30.21% and 25.56% respectively as per the figures shown above for 2002-03. Other areas of potential growth include Real Estate and Other Services. 3.5.1 Trade, Hotels & Restaurants Trade, along with Hotels & Restaurants accounts for over 43.5% of the total enterprises in Delhi and contributes to nearly 20% of its GSDP. The figure below shows the breakup by enterprise group. This sector has been growing at a near 14% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03.
As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 268,091 enterprises under the Trade classification, which employed a total of 694,034 persons. Of this Retail Trade accounts for the highest number in terms of enterprises and employment. 3.5.2 Retail Trade The Retail Trade sector accounts for 33.7% of the enterprises in Delhi. A majority of the enterprises in this sector are in the unorganized category accounting for 135,398 enterprises against 95,735 in the organized category. These enterprises provide employment to 535,887 persons.
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3.5.3 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services accounts for only 4.25% of the total enterprises in Delhi though it contributes to over 33% of its GSDP. This sector has been growing at over 19% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03. As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 29,153 enterprises employing a total of 207,465 persons. 3.5.4 Unorganised Trade As per the report on Unorganised Sector in Delhi (based on NSS 57 during 200102) the total numbers of enterprises operating in NCT of Delhi and falling within the purview of unorganised service sector were estimated as 244,873. Out of them, 11,467 (4.68%) were in rural areas while 233,406 (95.32%) were operating in urban areas. Of these, 169,577 (69.25%) were household enterprises (OAE) operating without any hired labour and 75,296 (30.75%) were establishments with at least one hired worker. In Delhi, Community / Social / Personal service activities, including other transport accounted for 22.57% followed by Real estate, Renting and Business activities with 14.38% share while Restaurants contributed 14.06%. These three categories taken together contributed for more than 50 percent of the total number of enterprises. 3.5.5 Estimated Employment The total employment provided by the un-organised service sector enterprises was about 5.92 lakhs. Out of the total employment, 15,885 persons (2.68%) were employed in rural enterprises while 575,909 persons (97.32%) were employed in the enterprises operating in urban Delhi. Household enterprises (OAEs) employed about 2.21 lakh persons, (37.36%) whereas 3.71 lakh persons (62.74%) were gainfully employed in establishments. Out of the total persons employed 47.86% were working owners, 47.03% hired workers and the rest of 5.11% fall in the category of other workers which includes un-paid house hold workers, helpers etc. Of these, female employees accounted for only 15.5%. The average employment of own account enterprises stood at 1.3 persons and in establishments this was as high as 4.93 persons, though out of the total of 278,335 hired workers, more than 70% were found to be skilled. Enterprises dealing with Community/Social/Personal services etc accounted for 19.44% followed by Health & Social Work with 16.12 %, and Restaurants which contributed 15.62 % of the total employment. These enterprises taken together provide employment to more than 50 % of the persons employed in this Sector. 3.5.6 Financial Indicators Delhi has recorded the highest combined Gross Value Added per worker as well as per enterprise among 35 States / UTs in the country.
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The Gross Value Added per annum, per enterprise, in the unorganised service sector was Rs. 1.52 lakhs. The Value Added per worker in this sector was estimated as Rs. 62,998 per year. Value added per worker in OAEs was Rs. 37,844 and that of establishments was Rs. 77,939 per annum. The Value Added per worker was relatively high in enterprises located in urban areas (Rs. 63,770) as compared to that of (Rs. 35,011) enterprises located in rural areas. About 20.03% of these enterprises were expanding, 52.61% were stagnant, 10.93% were contracting as per the assessment of the entrepreneurs. 3.5.7 Other Features About 25.30% of these enterprises were household based. 57.93% have independent premises outside the household and 16.77% were mobile / hawkers type. Of these, 94.28% enterprises were proprietary in nature. The major problems faced by the entrepreneurs included shortage of capital (16.42%), local problems (13.64%), competition from other units (13.35%) and power cuts (10.14%). The share of enterprises found registered under some authority or act was 93.25% among Own Account enterprises and 91.17% among establishments. Only 3.14% of the enterprises in Delhi have availed any type of assistance. 3.6 ISSUES Overall the economy of Delhi appears to be on a pretty sound footing. The growth rate and the sectoral trends are quite in line with global trends for very large cities. However, there are a few points of concern. The major points include: 1. The comparatively large influx of low quality manpower from neighboring states could skew the skill level available. 2. The lack of focus on major value-add sectors like Software, BPO, Communications and Biotechnology is likely to lead to a situation where the Value-Add per employee / enterprise would be affected adversely. It is ironic that these sectors which have established a strong presence and a fast growth trajectory in the NCR towns like Gurgaon and NOIDA, yet have to make much headway in Delhi. 3. The highly skewed sex ratio in the employment sector, with 15% females in the workforce.
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Chapter 4 : City Environment Profile
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 4 City Environment Profile
CHAPTER 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE

4.1 INTRODUCTION Delhis unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few decades has created enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison to the urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental degradation grew at a much higher rate. The alarming fact is that it has not ended. This degradation includes loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and aesthetics, air pollution, surface and ground water pollution, loss of water bodies, receding water table, high incidence of diseases and mortality. According to World Bank estimates, the pollution itself caused nearly 9900 deaths in the year 1995. Environment degradation cannot be cured. The cure is never complete, losses are too high and remediation is far too expensive. Given this complex scenario, the approach to manage and control has to be strictly adhered to, which will support the smooth development of the city. This chapter gives a description of the existing status of environmental conditions in the city of Delhi 4.1.2 Environmental Management Environmental regulation, although not new "The State shall endeavor to to India, has been given focus only in the protect and improve the eighties. Although the laws are environment and to safeguard comprehensive, enforcement has been weak the forests and wildlife of the and this has been one of the major causes country". of environmental degradation in Delhi. There are several regulatory agencies operating at the national and city level for implementation of regulations. Table 4.1 shows the various agencies and their roles. Table 4.1: Agencies in Environmental Management and their Role Agency
Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) Central Pollution Control Board Delhi Jal Board Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) Environmental Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPPCA) Department of Industry Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC)
Role
Compliance of water, air, noise parameters at Delhi level Compliance at national level, monitoring of water quality of the Yamuna and discharging drains at various locations Ensuring water supply & managing raw water in Delhi, discharges in Yamuna Solid Waste Management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning Enforcement of environmental regulation in NCR, hazardous substances relocation of polluting and non conforming industries
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Delhi Development Authority (DDA) New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) Delhi Police Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) Central Water Commission Central Ground Water Board Ridge Management Board Irrigation and Flood Control Department NGOs TERI, CSE, TAPAS, INTACH
Source: Discussions with Stakeholders
Development of parks and open spaces Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the New Delhi area Auto emissions, noise pollution, public health and hygiene Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the Delhi Cantonment area Monitors the river flow and water quality at three regular stations Ground water monitoring through 108 stations Management of Delhi Ridge Management of water bodies lakes, tanks and ponds of Delhi creating awareness, research and conducting studies, publications, creating awareness
All the above mentioned agencies are concerned with activities directly dealing with environmental services, environmental infrastructure investment, environmental planning at the project and sectoral levels. Only two agencies, DPCC for Delhi and EPPCA for NCR are responsible for regulating, monitoring and enforcing environmental concerns. 4.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE
4.2.1 Physical Features The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of India. The main features of Delhi are the Aravalli hill ranges and the Yamuna river. The Aravalli hill ranges are covered with forest called the Ridges. The Yamuna is the main source of drinking water for the citizens of Delhi. There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the total area in Delhi. Delhis mineral sources are primarily sand and stone which are used for construction activities. 4.2.2 Geology The geology of Delhi features pre-Cambrian to Quaternary formations in age. The pre Cambrian formations are represented by the Alwar Quartzites. These are overlain by the Aeolian deposits, which are further overlain by the old and the new alluvial deposits. 4.2.3 Climate Environmental protection is a fundamental duty of every citizen of this country under Article 51-A(g) of our Constitution which reads as follows: "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures."
Delhi has a semi arid climate, with hot summers, average rainfall and moderate winters. Mean monthly temperatures range from 14.3 C in January to 34.5 C in June. However, the temperatures go upto 40-45 C in summers and 4-5 C in winters. The annual precipitation is about 711 mm falling largely during the monsoon months (July September). Dust storms are frequent during the summer months leading to an immense build-up of particulate matter in the atmosphere.
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4.2.4 Wind Direction Wind directions vary with season. In the summers, the predominant wind directions are from the west in the morning and either west or northwest in the evening. In the monsoons, the predominant wind directions are from the southeast or west in the morning and from east (in July and August) or north-west (in September) in the evenings. During the post monsoon season, west and calm winds predominate in the mornings while in the evenings, north and northwest winds are most frequent. In the winter mornings, southwest and west winds dominate, while in the evenings, northwest and north winds are frequent 4.2.5 Land Resources Delhi covers an area around of 1483 sq kms based on the estimations in the Master Plan. It consists of the Yamuna Flood Plain, the old Khadar (earlier flood plain) and the Bangar (upper alluvial plain). Majority of the land is covered by fine-to-coarse loamy soils with different levels of moisture-retention capacity. This land has been converted to urban use. 4.2.6 Water Resources Delhis sources of water consist of surface and ground water. Ground Water Ground water exploration is carried out at a depth range of 50 to 150 m in the Delhi Quartzite. The Quaternary deposits constitute the major repository of ground water. Total ground water resources in the NCT Delhi are estimated around as 28156.32 ha m (Central Ground Water Board). The annual extraction of ground water is estimated around 47945.18 ha m (Central Ground Water Board).
Ground Water Usage

industrial , 9 losses, 3
irrigation , 40
domestic, 48
Source: CGWB
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Net Ground Water Availability in Delhi Unit-wise

Central 1% West 12% East 2% North 3% New Delhi 1%
North East 3%
South West 34%
North West 32%
South 12%
Source: Ground Water Resources of National Capital Territory Delhi, CGWB, 2006
Pre Monsoon Water Level The Pre Monsoon Water Level is measured in the month of May. The levels at various locations done on the year 2003 by CGWB are shown in Table 4.2 & Table 4.3. Table 4.2: Pre Monsoon Levels of Ground Water in Delhi
Location Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar, Balbirnagar Ghottorni, JNU NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha Central Parts, North of Najafgarh Jheel, South Eastern Part of West Districts Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Northwest Parts
Source: CGWB
Level (m below ground level, bgl) 40-60 40-60 30-40 10-20 5
Table 4.3: Post Monsoon Levels of Ground Water

Location Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar, Balbirnagar Ghottorni, JNU, Palam Board, Kabul Line, R. K. Puram, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, IIT Gate, Lado Sarai NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha North, Western & Southern Parts of Northwest, Northern Part of West District Central Parts, South Eastern Part of West Districts,
(m below ground level, bgl) Level 20-40 20-40 20-40 5-10 10-20
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Location Samalakha, Dwaraka, Naraina belt, Mahavir Banasthali, Talkatora, Rail Bhawan, Cannought Place, Kidwai Nagar Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Haroli-Sanoth-KherakalaLibaspur-Banda bahadur Marg belt Northwest Parts, North, North East, Najafgarh Jheel, South Western Parts
Source: CGWB
Level <2 <5
Around 44% of the ground water is recharged by the rainfall during monsoons, 31% from other sources during non monsoon, 19% from other sources in monsoon and 6% from rainfall during non monsoon. Surface Water Surface water contributes to over 86% of Delhis total drinking water. Yamuna provides the major share of this water. Other sources of drinking water supply to Delhi include the Himalayan rivers through different interstate arrangements and sub-surface sources like Ranney wells and tube wells. Table 4.4: Quantity of Surface Water
Source Yamuna Bhakra Storage Ganga Surface Water Sub Total Ranney Wells/ Tubewells Total Raw Water Total Quantity (MGD) 210 200 100 510 81 591 Total Quantity (MLD) 950 905 450 2305 365 2670
Source: Delhi Urban Environment & Infrastructure Improvement Project, Status Report for Delhi-21
It is reported that there are 611 water bodies including lakes, ponds and reservoirs in Delhi as reported by the Deptt of Irrigation & Flood Control and Directorate Panchayat of Delhi. Most of them have depleted. More than half of these bodies have vanished and another half can not be revived based on data of the Irrigation Department. However, rejuvenation is being taken up in Sanjay Lake, Hauz Khas, Purna Qila, Tihar Lake, Khooni Jheel and a couple of other lakes. Forest Resources As per the State of Forest Report, 2003 of Forest Survey of India, Dehradun, Delhi has 170.17 sq kms as forest and tree cover against the total geographical area of 1483 sq kms. Table 4.5: District Wise Forest Cover of Delhi (sq. km)
District Central East North New Delhi North East North West Geographic Area 24.68 63.76 34.90 59.16 60.29 440.31 Forest Cover 05.20 2.94 14.54 04.70 02.70 15.47 % of Geographic Area 21.07 04.61 41.66 07.94 04.48 03.51
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South South West West Total
249.85 420.54 129.52 1483.00
40.61 78.95 05.06 170.17
09.66 31.60 03.91 11.46
Source: State of Forest Report 2003, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun
There are fourteen city forests developed in the city by the Department of Forests and Wild Life as shown below: Table 4.6: District Wise City Forests
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Name of City Forest Nasirpur City Forest Alipur City Forest Hauzrani City Forest Mitraon City Forest Sultanpur City Forest Ghummanhera City Forest Ghoga Shahapur Garhi Mamurpur Jindpur Mukhmelpur Bawana Garhi Mandu Anand Vihar Area (ha) 28.00 16.80 28.80 40.00 48.00 32.00 10.40 08.00 56.00 47.60 53.00 32.00 300.00 32.00 District South West North South South-West North-West South-West East North-East North-East North-East North-East North- West East East
Source: Department of Forests & Wild Life
The Delhi Ridge is an important constituent of the forest cover of Delhi and covers 7784 ha. The Delhi Ridge is an extension of the Aravallis and extends into Delhi from Haryana at Tughlakabad Bhatti Mines Dera Mandi axis moving north, covering parts of Delhi Cantt, Lutyens Zone and culminating at Delhi University. This area is also included in the Notified Forest Areas in Delhi. Table 4.7: Constituents of Delhi Ridge
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name of the Ridge Northern Ridge Central Ridge South Central Ridge Nanakpura South Central Southern Ridge Total Area (ha) 87 864 626 7 6200 7784 Managing Agencies DDA, MCD and Forest Deptt Forest Deptt, DDA, Army, CPWD, NDMC, MCD DDA DDA DDA, Forest Deptt, Sports Authority of India
Source: Greening Delhi Action Plan, 2006-07, Deptt of Forests & Wild Life
Table 4.8: Protected Forests under Department of Forests and Wildlife

S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Name of the Protected Forest Mitraon Sultanpur Mukhlempur Rajokri Area (acres) 105 120 133 600
Source: Deptt of Forests and Wildlife, Govt of Delhi
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There is one man-made wildlife sanctuary in Delhi managed by the Deptt of Forests and Wildlife that is Asola Wildlife Sanctuary. However, the reclamation of Bhatti Mines and the wildlife sanctuary is being done through the Eco Task Force (ETF). There are 120 species of plants in Delhi, 32 species of mammals, 25 species of reptiles, and 434 species of resident and other birds. There are 1787 species, 585 species of vertebrates and 1202 species of invertebrates, in Delhi. Parks and Gardens As per the MPD, 2001, 8422 ha of land has been earmarked for park greens. There are district parks (part of the Delhi Ridge), Neighbourhood Parks, City Forests, Historical Landscapes, Sports complexes, Landmark Greens and Green Belts. There are 14500 big and small parks managed by the local and semi government agencies. Few of the prominent parks of Delhi are: Lodhi Gardens, Garden of Five Senses, Indraprastha Park and Nehru Park. 4.2.7 Natural Hazards Flood Hazards Delhi has been prone to flooding from the rivers Yamuna and Sahibi (through Najafgarh drain). The last floods were witnessed in the year 1978 in Yamuna. This river has crossed its danger level 20 times in the last 33 years. The city also experiences floods due to its network of 98 drains whose catchment area extends well beyond the city limits. Earthquake Hazards Delhi is in Zone-IV, characterized by a significantly high intensity of seismic activities, where there are periodic occurrences of earthquakes of the magnitude of 5-6 on the Richter scale. 4.3 URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASELINE 44% of the geographical area of Delhi is built-up area. This includes the Delhi urban limits, built-up area in rural-use zones and farmhouse. Even though the Delhi ridge and Asola wildlife sanctuary area has been designated as protected area, built up areas are found in certain pockets. 41% of the area is under agriculture. Table 4.9: Land Use Pattern
Land Use Built up Area Agriculture Vegetative Cover Water Body Waste Land Open Land Percentage 44 41 8 4 2 1 100
4.3.1 Land-use
Source: DEUIP + State of Environment, Report for Delhi, 2001
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4.3.2 Industrial Activity Location and Type Out of the 1,30,000 industrial units in Delhi, around 25-30,000 are located in the planned industrial areas or comprise permissible household industries. Based on the recommendations of the MPD, it is imperative that a sizeable number of industries be relocated not only for considerations of adherence to the land use pattern, but also because of the pollution caused by them. It has been proposed in the MPD that the classification of the industry in Delhi be of 2 categories; Prohibited and Non-Prohibited. The standards prescribed by the pollution control authorities would have to be met by the industrial units. The household industry in Delhi consists of agarbatti, aluminium hangers, electrical and electronic gadgets, sewing machines, assembly of hand tools, candles, cane and bamboo products, brushes and brooms, carpentary, cardboard boxes, packaging, dari and carpet weaving, detergent, dairy products, dry cleaning, embroidery, framing of pictures, pencils and pens, hosiery products, leather belts, paper & stationer items, repair of watches, repair of bicycles, stone engravings, sport goods, tailoring, toys, food processing, jewellery, wool knitting, zari & zardozi. 4.4 URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY
4.4.1 Air Quality Sources of Air Pollution The transport, domestic and industrial sectors are the major contributors to the rise in ambient air pollution levels, although certain background sources such as desert dust transported from the Thar desert during dust storms also contribute to the pollution loads. Also, the industrial activities in the peripheral areas of Delhi, including Faridabad, Gurgaon, NOIDA and other towns contribute to the air pollution levels of the city. The past trends in the air pollution levels have been erratic, mainly because of the high share of vehicular pollution. The share of vehicular pollution has increased from 64% to 72% in the last decade. The tremendous increase in the number of vehicles in Delhi has contributed significantly in raising the consumption of petroleum products, mainly petroleum and diesel. However, diesel consumption in the city is not confined alone to vehicles, it is also there in diesel generating sets used in the industry, commercial and domestic sectors. The other two major contributors to air pollution are a fuel combustion in the domestic and industrial activities. Thermal power plants are major part of this activity. The coal based, thermal power plants at Rajghat, Indraprastha and Badarpur are the major power generators in the city.
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Table 4.10: Contribution of Various Sectors to Air Pollution

Sectors Vehicular Industrial Domestic
Source: Ministry of Environment & Forests, 2001
Percentage 72 20 8
Levels of Air Pollution Ambient air quality monitoring is being carried out regularly at nine stations in Delhi by the CPCB. These include five stations in industrial areas (Nizamuddin, Ashok Vihar, Shahzada Bagh, Najafgarh Road and Shahdara) and four stations in residential areas (Janakpuri, Siri Fort, Sarojini Nagar and Town Hall). The critical parameters for monitoring air pollution levels are SO2, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen). However, other parameters including RPM, lead, PAH (Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and Ozone are also being monitored. The permissible limits for these parameters have been set by the CPCB and DPCC. The levels, as monitored by the CPCB, are shown in the table given below. Table 4.11: Air Quality Levels for Residential Areas in Delhi
Name of the Monitoring Stations Nizamuddin Ashok Vihar Janakpuri Siri Fort Netaji Nagar, Post Office Town Hall SO2
17.70(L) 14.20(L) 15.70(L) 12.90(L) 10.20(L) 17.50(L)
In g/m3
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Year - 1997 NOx

37.40(L) 22.90(L) 34.80(L) 29.30(L) 32.20(L) 37.70(L)
SPM
362(H) 307(M) 343(M) 367(H) NA NA
SO2
15.60(L) 15.30(L) 17.10(L) 15.70(L) 7.80(L) 12.20(L)
Year - 1998 NOx

35.10(L) 21.40(L) 32.10(L) 28.00(L) 36.50(L) 44.00(M)
SPM
342(M) 313(M) 340(M) 384(H) NA NA
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 S. No. 1 2 3 4
Name of the Monitoring Stations Nizamuddin Ashok Vihar Janakpuri Siri Fort Netaji Nagar, Post Office Town Hall Name of the Monitoring Stations Nizamuddin Ashok Vihar Janakpuri Siri Fort
SO2
17.10(L) 11.50(L) 17.40(L) 19.60(L) 13.70(L) 17.40(L)
Year - 1999 NOx

31.70(L) 19.90(L) 30.00(L) 24.80(L) 45.70(M) 54.50(M)
SPM
283(M) 317(M) 312(M) 337(M) NA NA
SO2
18.20(L) 11.60(L) 18.60(L) 15.90(L) 8.30(L) 14.30(L)
Year - 2000 NOx

33.60(L) 27.00(L) 32.50(L) 24.60(L) 52.60(M) 64.00(M)
SPM
279(M) 306(M) 242(M) 225(M) NA NA
SO2
16.90(L) 8.20(L) 16.40(L) 13.80(L)
Year - 2001 NOx

35.70(L) 19.50(L) 37.30(L) 22.50(L)
SPM
261(M) 273(M) 278(M) 324(M)
SO2
13.10(L) 6.40(L) 13.70(L) 11.80(L)
Year - 2002 NOx

39.30(L) 26.00(L) 39.50(L) 27.30(L)
SPM
329(M) 425(H) 442(H) 378(H)
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S. No. 5 6 S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Name of the Monitoring Stations Netaji Nagar, Post Office Town Hall Name of the Monitoring Stations Nizamuddin Ashok Vihar Janakpuri Siri Fort Netaji Nagar, Post Office Town Hall
SO2
7.60(L) 13.30(L)
NOx
52.50(M) 70.1(M)
SPM
398(H) NA
SO2
7.30(L) 11.50(L)
NOx
42.60(M) 53.30(M)
SPM
421(H) 534(H)
SO2
12.20(L) 6.10(L) 11.70(L) 9.00(L) 7.20(L) 11.50(L)
Year - 2003 NOx

43.30M) 32.20(L) 44.20(M) 31.80(L) 46.40(M) 58.90(M)
SPM
315(M) 356(M) 291(M) 281(M) 352(M) 478(H)
Source: CPCB
Table 4.12: Air Quality Levels for Industrial Areas in Delhi

S. No. 1 2 3 S. No. 1 2 3 S. No. 1 2 3 S. No. 1 2 3 Name of the Monitoring Stations Shahzada Bagh Shahadra E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road Name of the Monitoring Stations Shahzada Bagh Shahadra E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road Name of the Monitoring Stations Shahzada Bagh Shahadra E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road Name of the Monitoring Stations Shahzada Bagh Shahadra E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road
24.20(L) 16.00(L) 18.70(L)
in g/m3
SO2
Year - 1997 NOx

44.80(M) 29.30(L) 38.00(L)
SPM
282(M) 313(M) NA
SO2
20.60(L) 20.20(L) 19.60(L)
Year - 1999 NOx

44.00(M) 25.00(L) 47.30(M)
SPM
316(M) 345(M) NA
SO2
13.60(L) 13.00(L) NA
Year - 2001 NOx

35.40(L) 22.50(L) NA
SPM
378(H) 291(M) NA
SO2
6.90(L) 11.40(L) 13.40(L)
Year - 2003 NOx

39.30(L) 32.60(L) 45.20(M)
SPM
354(M) 343(M) 425(H)
Source: CPCB
Table 4.13: Permissible Limits

Limits Low (L) Moderate (M) High (H) Critical
Source: CPCB
In g/m3
SO2 & NO2 0-40 40-80 80-120 > 120
SPM 0-180 180-360 360-540 >540
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The above levels include the excessive levels during festival times especially Diwali. 4.4.2 Water Quality Sources of Water Pollution Waste water is generated by the domestic, industrial and commercial sectors in Delhi. With the increased human activities, there has been a corresponding rise in the amount of waste water generation in the city. Levels of Water Pollution The critical parameters of measuring water pollution are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Another critical parameter which has emerged over the last few years is the faecal coliform. Depletion in DO and increase in BOD levels are prominent features of the stretch of river Yamuna passing through Delhi.
LOCATION Najafgarh drain at Wazirabad before conf. to river Yamuna, Delhi Western Yamuna canal at Haiderpur water works, Delhi Yamuna at Wazirabad (Palla), Delhi, CPCB Yamuna At Ring Road, Delhi, CPCB DESIRED CLASS 1997 NA 1998 NA 1999 NA 2000 NA 2001 NA
NA C C D Totcoli E DO, BOD, Totcoli E DO, BOD, Totcoli Class A
C D Totcoli D Totcoli
D Totcoli D Totcoli E BOD, Totcoli, Fammoni a NA
D Totcoli D Totcoli E DO, BOD, Totcoli NA
DO Totcoli D Totcoli D BOD, Totcoli NA
Yamuna At Agra Canal, Delhi, CPCB

Source: CPCB
NA
Designated-Best-Use Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection
Criteria 1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less 1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more
Outdoor bathing (Organised)
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Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection
Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries
Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal
Below-E
Source: CPCB
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less 1 . Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less 2. pH between 6 to 9 3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less 1 .pH between 6.5 to 8.5 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 3. Free Ammonia (as N) 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less 1 .pH between 6.0 to 8.5 2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max. 2250 3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 4. Boron Max. 2mg/l Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria
Ground Water Quality Groundwater quality in Delhi varies with depth and space. Generally the quality of ground water is alkaline with pH ranging from 7.1 to 9.2, chloride content ranges between 21 and 1380 ppm. South of Delhi average chloride content is 250 ppm while in Najafgarh area it is around 1000 ppm. The ground water study done by the NEERI for MoEF revealed high nitrate and fluoride concentrations. High metallic content, particularly manganese and iron have also been observed in the samples collected. The manganese content was found to be 0.1 mg/L against the permissible limit of 0.5-mg/L and iron concentrations of 4.05 mg/L to 0.337 mg/L have been observed. Ground water in the maximum part of the South district is fresh and potable with electrical conductivity ranging from 320 to 4130 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Electrical conductivity values more than the permissible limit are observed at Deragaon, Molarbund and at Gadaipur. High values of nitrate are found at four locations i.e. at Gadaipur, at Rajokri and at Jaunapur. In north Ghitorni and Andheri More, Fluoride is more than permissible limits. Except chromium concentrations at one locality, ground water is devoid of pollution by heavy metals. A comparison of ground water quality from 1983 to 2000 shows quality deterioration in the central part of the Chhattarpur basin and in the areas around Nizamuddin. The electrical conductivity of shallow ground water in the Southwest district varies from 630 to 13200 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. In the detailed Electrical Conductivity map prepared for this district, ground water quality is fresh with electrical conductivity 1000 to 2000 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Thus, with overdevelopment of ground water resources in the district, more and more areas are becoming brackish.
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Source: CGWB
Figure 4.1: Ground Water Quality in Delhi 4.4.3 Noise Sources of Noise Pollution Delhi has excessive noise. This is generated by the traffic, industry, celebration of festivals, construction activities, diesel generating sets, etc. Levels of Noise Pollution Noise is notified as a pollutant under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Although stringent permissible noise level regulation has been set by the CPCB, noise levels exceed these limits almost everywhere in the city. Monitoring is also done by CPCB and few private agencies. Noise limits have also been prescribed to the automobile manufacturers, domestic appliances, construction equipments and others.
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Table 4.14: Noise Levels at Various Locations in Delhi

Location Maharani Bagh Malviya Nagar Lodhi Complex Palam Colony Punjabi Bagh Timarpur
Source: NEERI, 1995
Day 73 66 57 60 70 72
Noise Level (DbA) Night 67 66 48 67 67 65
Table 4.15: Permissible Limits of Noise Levels

Category of Area Industrial Area Commercial Area Residential Area Silence Zone
Source: CPCB
Day 75 65 55 50
Limits of Noise Level (DbA) Night 70 55 45 40
4.5
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
4.5.1 Depletion of resources Ground Water The abstraction of ground water is more than the estimated availability of ground water. CGWB estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes. Surface Water There is a high loss in the water bodies of Delhi. Most of them have vanished. A Public Interest Litigation has been filed for the misuse and use for alternate purposes of these water bodies. River Yamuna The city of Delhi was set up on the banks of river Yamuna. The river stretches for 22 kms along the city. The river is a source for drinking water, irrigation and others. However, with the combined effect of a modified flow regime due to water holding structures or barrages, withdrawal of water for various purposes and the cumulative discharge of domestic, industrial & agricultural wastewaters has converted Yamuna into an open sewer particularly in the Delhi stretch. As a result, there is severe impact on the bio diversity of the ecosystem and public health. Yamuna Action Plans In 1993, the Union government launched the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), YAP to tackle the rivers pollution. Its first phase (YAP-I) was scheduled for completion during April, 2002, but an extended phase of YAP-I ran from May 2001 to February 2003. Currently it is passing through its second phase (YAP-II, 2004-08).
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Till March 2004, YAPs total expenditure stood at Rs. 674 crores. After Rs 55 75 Crores spent per kilometer on cleaning it up, the river is more polluted than ever. The condition of depletion and degradation of the river is shown in the map below. (Ref: Down to Earth, April, 2005).
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Delhi itself contributes to 70% of the Yamuna Action Plan I pollution load of the entire river and it got only 2.7% of the treatment capacity created under YAP. Further, Building Sewage treatment plants to treat domestic sewage the YAP has not taken into account the common effluent relation between pollution load Building treatment plants to treat generated, state-wise, and sewage industrial waste treatment created. Under YAPs extended phase, Rs 150 crores was Repairing city sewage systems drains, pumps and pipes channeled into Delhi, to set up 1146 Building sewage systems and lowtoilet complexes in 1100 slum clusters cost toilets to connect the waste and 46 resettlement colonies to tackle of slums and poor settlements to the problem of sewage disposal. An treatment plants analysis by the National River Building electric crematoria Conservation Directorate shows 60% of these complexes remain unused; they have no water, or are too expensive for people to use, or simply improperly sited or ill maintained. Despite of all the expenditure and allocations and Supreme Court interventions, the BOD load in the river has been unabated. Investments v/s BOD
450 260 387.17
BOD Load in tones per day
300
300
Investment in Delhi (Rs. crores)
200
130 150 19.94 0 YAP phase I 1993)
166.62 100
0 YAP extended phase (2001) YAP phase II (2004)
Source: National River Conservation Directorate, 2004 & CPCB
Highlights of YAP II The focus of the YAP II is to implement schemes which have visible and tangible impact on the immediate improvement of water quality of water, carry out palnning of activities for future such as preparation of master plans and feasibility studies and synchronise engineering and non engineering components. The estimated cost for YAP II is Rs 387.17 crores. The main highlights are: Preparation of master plans for wastes of dairy farms, dhobighats, crematoria
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Physical works of STPs at Okhla, Keshopur, Belapur, Wazirabad, Ring Road Trunk Public participation and awareness Institutional strengthening and capacity building of MCD Public relations
Forest Cover The degradation, misuse and insensitive treatment of the forest cover in Delhi sums up the threat to not only the environment but to the overall sustainability of the city. The Ridge area of Delhi has degraded tremendously due to by roads, buildings, traffic, garbage dumping, lopping of trees and grazing by livestock. Mining and quarrying activities in the past have degraded the South-Central Ridge causing enormous loss to biodiversity. Although as reported by the Deptt of Forests there has been an overall increase in the forest cover in the last 10 years, degradation of the forests in some pockets of the city has increased. An ecologically important location, the Asola Wildlife sanctuary, was established to protect and conserve the citys flora and fauna. However, this sanctuary is again under threat with the proposed scientific land fill at the Bhatti Mines. The Delhi Ridge was once inhabited by leopards, deers, antelopes, wolves, jackals, hog deer, etc which have vanished over time. Air Environment The alarming levels of SPM which are way beyond the permissible levels are a serious area of concern. Even the RPM levels were exceeding the permissible limits. Although the SOx & NOx levels are just within the permissible limits, the measures to control and manage these have to be sustained. Environmental Health The city suffers from all the health related problems caused by a polluted atmosphere. High occurrence of respiratory infections, heart problems, sickness from water and vector-born diseases and other diseases because of exposure to ambient and indoor pollutants and inappropriate disposal practices of municipal solid waste have become the way of life in the city. Poor living conditions, constant exposure to the pollutants, untreated wastes has resulted in high incidence of diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue and others. Green House Gases Delhi is releasing around 16 million tones of CO2 emissions, mainly contributed by vehicles, power and residential sectors. This quantity if unabated could be a major threat to stabilizing Climate Change.
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Chapter 5 : Land Management & Urban Growth
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 5 Land Management & Urban Growth
CHAPTER - 5 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH

5.1 INTRODUCTION Delhi is located strategically on two National Highways (NH-2 & NH-8) that connect Delhi to Kolkata and Mumbai. NH-2 & NH-8 are two prime vertices of the Golden Quadrilateral Corridor of the National Highways Development Project. The city attracts a migrant population of 645 per day from various part of the country, mainly from the northern region. In order to control the unprecedented growth of Delhi, the approach of planned decentralization has been suggested as per the MPD-1961 & 81 and NCR Plan 2001 & 21. This chapter deals with the physical growth trends and planning efforts undertaken in Delhi. An attempt has been made to understand future growth trends and issues related to urban development. The approach at the NCR level is presented in the box below: The NCR Plan 2021 has proposed a six tier settlement system i.e. Metro Centre, Regional Centre, Sub-Regional Centre, Service Centre, Central Village and Basic Village. Seven metro centers (Faridabad-Ballabhgarh; Gurgaon-Manesar, Gaziabad-Loni, NOIDA, Sonepat-Kundli, Greater NOIDA, Meerut) are proposed as potential growth nodes to attract capital functions and activities and help in population dispersal from the national capital. Because of their special functional status and size, a very high level of physical, social and economic infrastructure (better than that in the capital) is required to be developed within these towns/complexes. The respective participating states and their agencies would not only be required to create the necessary infrastructure themselves in these Metro Centers but also facilitate the private sector investment therein. 5.2 CONSTITUENTS OF DELHI The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three municipal areas(i) New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core. This is the imperial Delhi spread over an area of 42.74 km2 which was established in 1911. It comprises of government Offices & residential areas and commercial nodes with wide roads, parks and open spaces etc. The NDMC area is administered by an 11 member council comprising 3 MLAs; five government officers and 2 civilians nominated by Central Government; and a chairperson appointed by Central Government. The Council reports directly to Central Government. Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1397 sq. kms, or most of the area of the city. The MCD further comprises the following areas: Old Delhi comprising of the walled city (Shahajahanabad) and densely built up areas between the Red Fort and the New Delhi Railway Station on the periphery; 5-1
(ii)
Civil lines along the Ridge and Delhi University area in the North with large plots and open spaces; New colonies, which have come up in last 50 years on the Southern and Western sides; New development across the Yamuna river comprising of Shahadara in the North, Patparganj & Mayur Vihar in the South; 728 squatter settlements, spread over an area of 9.68 km2 all over the NCT area. Around 185 villages in outer Delhi area and 135 urban villages characterized by haphazard development with marginal municipal services etc. (outer Delhi is included in MCD limits and accounted for in the MCD area).
The MCD is administered by an elected council comprising ward councilors from each of the 137 wards in the area. (refer Section 13, Institutional Arrangement). The MCD reports directly to the Central Government. (iii) Delhi Cantonment area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread over an area of 42.97 km2. The cantonment area is administered by the Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB), which reorts directly to the Central Government (Ministry of Defence).
In 1999, the urban area of Delhi covered 701.62 Sq. Kms (Refer Table 5.1 and 5.2; and Figure 5.1). Table 5.1: Constituents of National Capital Territory of Delhi
Constituents MCD AREA Walled City Area Walled City Extension Rest of MCD Area (including Urban Extn. and Rural areas) NDMC AREA DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD NCTD AREA Total Area in km2 (2001) 1397.3 11.6 23.0 1362.7 42.7 43.0 1483 Total Population in 000 1981 2001 6899 11244 582 570 568 624 3768 496 NA 8049 587 NA -
Source: (i) Master Plan of Delhi-2001 & 2021; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001
Table 5.2: Delhi Area Statistics

S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Item Total Area Urban Area* Natural Features to be Conserved** Balance Area Available for Urbanisation Addl. Area Proposed for Urbanisation (2021)*** Proposed Urban Area (2021) Area (Sq. kms) 1483 701.62 (47.3%) 195.09 586.29 276.29 977.91 (66%)
* As per IRS-IC LISS 3 Satellite Data ** Including. forests, ridge, rivers, wildlife sanctuaries, other water bodies and drains *** Preliminary estimate, MPD 2021
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Total Area of these Zones is 20-22000 hectare. Additional population of 2.5 million to be accomm-odated in these zones at a density of 250 pph.
P1 & P2
These Zones are holding population more than assigned during MPD 2001. The activities such as wholesale Market; ISBT; Vegetable Market et. can be removed from these Zones to Urban Extns.
N M H B K1 C
O A
D
Re densification of the zones with low density and L high land value has been proposed
&
K2
Figure 5.1: Planning Division in NCTD Area
5.3
EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT Delhi city region comprises of three components (i) Existing Urban Area; and (ii) Urban Extensions. The existing urban area has been classified as (a) Planned area; (b) Special Area; (c) Ecologically sensitive areas and (d) Unplanned areas. The descriptions of these areas are presented in Table 5-3. Table 5.3: Description of Various Components of Delhi Urban Area
Components of Delhi Urban Area PLANNED AREAS Description The planned area of Delhi include (i) Influence area along MRTS and Major Transport Corridor; (ii) Lutyens Bunglow Zone; (iii) Chanakyapuri area; (iv) DIZ area; (v) Mata Sundari Area; (vi) Civil Lines Bunglow area; (vii) Other part of NDMC area;(viii) Planned built-up housing; (ix) Planned (Hierarchical) Commercial Area; (xii) Planned Industrial Area Special areas as defined on the plan cover about 2600 ha and have been divided into three separate parts (i) Walled City; (ii) Walled City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in built form. The unplanned areas are distributed homogenously across the urban
SPECIAL AREAS UNPLANNED
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Components of Delhi Urban Area AREAS
Description form. These areas are (i) Slum & JJ Clusters; (ii) Resettlement Colonies; (iii) Urban Villages; (iv) Unauthorized Colonies; (v) Informal Shopping Areas; (vi) non conforming Industrial areas. These areas provide substantial housing stock; commercial and industrial development. The urban extensions are peripheral areas which experience pressure of development. These areas comprise of villages, unauthorized colonies and JJ clusters. As per MPD-2021, 29 lakh population already exists in these areas. The urban extensions where development processes have been initiated are Dwarka, Rohini Phase III, IV and V and Narela.
URBAN EXTENSIONS
Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi, 2021
The development status of the city has been revised with respect to Existing Linear Development; Development in Special areas; Unauthorised / Unorganised Colonies; Housing Supply & Demand; Planned & Unplanned Commercial & Industrial areas and ecologically sensitive areas. 5.3.1 Influence Zone along Major MRTS and Major Corridors The growth of Delhi over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with reliance on road based public transport. The development envisaged by previous plans was poly-nodal with a hierarchy of commercial centres located on either ring or radial roads. The proposed MRTS network has been acting as a development catalyst and has sizeable impact on the existing structure of the city. 5.3.2 Development Profile along Major Corridors The road network can be categorized into four types i.e. Arterial roads, sub arterial roads, minor arterial road and collector roads. About 1100 km of road length are provided with right of way of 30m and above. The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as a focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T Road (NH1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials while Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials to carry bulk of traffic in the city. These major corridors are high intensity development zones with planned and unplanned development along them. The predominant developments along the major corridors are presented in 4 & Figure 5.2. Table 5.4: Development Intensity along Major Corridors of Delhi
Name of Corridor NH-2 (Delhi Kolkata): Major arm of Golden Characteristics & Type of Development The length of NH-2 in NCTD is around 20km from Badarpur Border to Rajghat. It is one entry point to Delhi and has industrial, Problem Encroachments at Jaitpur & Badarpur intersection reduce the carriageway width. Prone to water logging during
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Name of Corridor Quadrilateral
Characteristics & Type of Development institutional and residential development. At the entry point it is characterized by haphazard and unplanned growth residential & industrial areas in urban villages.
Problem rainy seasons and lack of suitable drainage infrastructure Bottleneck at the entry point with industrial, commercial development and Bus & Truck parking Environmental degradation because of filling of water bodies and low lying areas for commercial uses such as petrol pump, Transport training institute, Sarai Kale Khan ISBT. The corridor passes through low lying area and the development in the Yamuna Bed. It has unorganized development in villages such as Khicripur, Pandav Nagar etc. The corridor has been encroached by JJ clusters. These clusters are devoid of basic infrastructure facilities leading high interaction with the corridor. Low lying areas along the corridor are used for dumping of HH and construction wastes.
NH-24 (DelhiLucknow): Major Corridor Connecting Important business centres of Uttar Pradesh to National Capital
The length of NH-24 in NCTD is around 15km from Ghazipur to NH-2 intersection at IP Park. It was at Ghazipur which is a major fish & chicken market; and fruit & vegetable market of Delhi. It also has major garbage dumping site. It mainly traverses through haphazard development within urban villages and Patparganj & Mayur Vihar society complexes. The proposed site for common wealth games is also in proximity to this corridor.
NH-1 (Delhi to Kanpur: Major Corridor traverses through industrial nodes of Delhi and UP
The length of NH-1 from Samli border to TP Nagar Border is around 40 km. It traverses through Industrial areas (Wazirpur, Jahangirpuri, Badli in North and Jhilmil & Shahadara in East), Institutional area (Delhi University, IP University, Old Secretariat), Resettlement Colonies (Babarpur, Saleempuri, Seemapuri et.al) It is around 25km in length in NCTD extending from Savdar Ghevra to Sarai Rohilla. It traverses through the urban extensions of Delhi, which have potential for future development. It is connected to Dwarka and Rohini through ring roads. It is around 15 km in length in NCTD extending from Rajokari Border to Daulakaun. It is one of most developed corridor of the city with industrial; residential
NH-10 (Delhi to Rohtak): It is an important corridor in West Delhi connecting second order settlements of Haryana NH-8 (Delhi to Mumbai): Connecting the National Capital to the
High density industrial; commercial and unauthorized development Truck parking near the TP Nagar border in east with transport operators located along the corridor Encroachment on the corridor due to unauthorized development have transformed the urban built form in the area along the corridor Development of resettlement colonies and industrial areas at the urban periphery has led to unauthorized and unplanned growth of village settlements in and around these areas.
It mainly has planned development and high traffic volumes due to its linkage to planned residential areas, Dwarka and IT city Gurgaon.
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Name of Corridor Economic Capital of the Country and traversing through major industrial nodes of the country Outer and Inner Ring Road
Institutional Corridor
Characteristics & Type of Development and commercial development. Most of the predominant historical monuments are also accessible through this corridor. It has intense commercial development near Rajokri border with large open spaces due to the Airport and cantonment areas. It connects urban periphery to New Delhi and Old Delhi Areas. The ring road is of 75 km in length connecting institutional and industrial areas in the north to residential and industrial area in the west; and historical sites & institutional area in south and east. The institutional corridor of the city is of around 45km in length and traverses through Pusa road, Central Secretariat Complex, AIIMS, IIT, CWC and JNU areas
Problem Its proximity to the Airport leads to high interaction with Cargo and goods traffic. It is also connected to institutional areas of Delhi and traverses through intense residential development, prone to landuse transformation. Ring road has now become part of the city transportation network with high intensity commercial and industrial development. It has experienced transformation of residential areas to institutional and commercial areas --- eg. Green Park; Hauzkhas; Pusa road etc. These Landuse transformations have led to pressure on physical infrastructure of the city. These nodes are vulnerable to encroachment by unauthorized commercial development if not planned along with schemes for corridor development.
MRTS Corridors
MRTS has been planned to cover the spread of Delhi and its peripheral area. The metro station complexes at 2km distance are nodes for commercial development.
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NH-1
ROHINI RESIDENTIAL AREA NH-10
Ghaziabad
NH-1 WALLED CITY &ITS EXTN
NH-24
INSTITUTIONAL AREA Low Density Area DWARKA RESIDENTIAL AREA HERITAGE PRECINCT
NOIDA
Faridabad Gurgaon
NH-8
Figure 5.2 : Major Transport Coordination
NH-2
5.4
LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY There is a large proportion of underused land with number of vacant sites or unutilized built areas within the central city. A majority of these are government lands having mostly low density (2 story structures) and old housing. As per the study, government is able to provide housing to only 30-35% of its employees within these areas. The gross densities in these areas are around 160 PPH against 350 PPH in the adjoining areas namely Safdarjang Enclave extn; Munirka; Bhikaji Cama commercial complex. Table 5.5 presents the development profile of low density areas. Table 5.5: Development Profile of Low Density Area
EXISITING AREA Lodhi Colony RK Puram Moti Bagh Laxmibai Nagar GROSS DENSITY IN PPH 222 190 145 225 GROUND COVERAGE 18 17 15 19 FAR 37 35 31 38
Source: Ravi Kumar Kakkar, Unpublished Thesis on Urban Design Strategies for Renewal of State Owned Housing Estates, Urban Design Department, SPA, 1992-93.
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As per the provision of MPD-2001, the gross density of residential areas should be 350 PPH or 78 DU/ha with FAR of 33% against the existing FAR of 15%; whereas in commercial areas ground coverage of 25% and FAR of 100% is permitted. MPD-2001 & 2021 have recommended comprehensive planning for improvement and redevelopment of these areas in order to make the best use of land resources (Refer Figure 5.3).
Motibagh Lodhi Colony
Laxmibai Nagar RK Puram
Figure 5.3 : Low Density areas in Delhi
5.5
STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS The special area has been divided into three parts namely (i) Walled City; (ii) Walled City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in compact built form, narrow circulation space and low rise high density developments mainly accommodating residential, commercial (both retail or wholesale) and industrial uses. Therefore it is important that these areas, which are already established with identified uses, continue to play an active economic role (Refer Figure 5.4). (a) Walled City Area: The traditional walled city area is a core of the business district. The area is prone to commercialization, particularly with improved accessibility due to the MRTS. Around 20% of the wholesale trade enterprises (37000 enterprises) of urban Delhi are located in the walled city accounting for 12% of the employment. Walled City Extension: Pahar Ganj, Sadar Bazar, Rosanna Road and their adjoining areas are called as walled city extension. These are old congested built-up areas mainly with mixed land use. For upgradation of the environment in these areas minimum level of infrastructure and parking are to be provided. Karol Bagh Area: Karol Bagh area has been one of the important commercial centres outside the walled city. The land use transformation 5-8
(b)
(c)
from residential to commercial has led to increase in parking demand, reduction in available road width and pressure on other physical infrastructure. Therefore, this area is due for comprehensive redevelopment on the basis of mixed use concept with provision of parking and up gradation of facilities and utilities. The grid iron pattern is an asset to regulate and pedestrianise traffic movement. CORE OF BUSINESS DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL CENTRE

Provision of parking and up gradation of facilities and utilities Grid Iron Pattern is to be treated as an asset to regulate and pedestrians the traffic movement

Potential for Commercialization Proposal to Trade Activity Special area Shift of Wholesale Heritage
Treatment
Reconstruction & Redevelopment
KAROL BAGH AREA
WALLED CITY WALLED CITY EXTN. AREA
MIXED LANDUSE

Provision of minimum Level Infrastructure & Parking Facilities Redevelopment in redevelopment scheme term of comprehensive
Figure 5.4: Status of Special Area of Delhi
5.6
UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES The unplanned areas of the city include Slum and JJ Clusters, Resettlement colonies, unauthorized colonies and urban villages. Slum and JJ clusters have been discussed in detail in chapter 6. The section below presents in detail the status of unauthorized colonies and urban villages. Unauthorized Colonies The large scale land acquisition by DDA, unregulated growth of urban fringes and housing shortage are the genesis of unauthorized colonies in Delhi. There are around 1432 unauthorized colonies1 providing shelter to around 30 lakh people. In the past unauthorized colonies have being regularized only twice in
Though an official figure suggests that 1432 such colonies exist in Delhi, there are at least 200 more such colonies which sprung up after March 2002 for which no policy exists.
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Delhi. Once in 1961 when over 100 colonies were regularized and last time in 1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized. Affluent unauthorized colonies included Sanik Farm; Anant Ram Dairy (near RK Puram), Mahendru Enclave (near Model town); other colonies include Zakirnagar, Jamianagar, Anand Parbat, Khanpur Extension, Viswas Nagar, Bawana, Madanpur Khader etc (Figure 5.4). Around 1000 unauthorized colonies are on private land developed by builders. The infrastructure status in these colonies is marginally better than slums. No metalled road exists in any of these colonies, nor is there a provision of sewer lines and other facilities. Urban Development Department, NCTD has been putting up various models for regularizing these against the residents demand of regularization without any charges (on the line of earlier regularization in 1977). The UDD proposals are presented in Table 5.. Table 5.6: Unauthorized Colonies Regularization Model
Facilities Power Water Sewerage Roads and Drains Total Fixed Charge Charges (Rs per m2) Rs 6600 Per KV Rs 220 per m2 Rs 355 per m2 Rs 400 per m2 Rs 1060 per m2 The cost for regularization of 100 sqm of plot is Rs 1 lakh. Delhi Government had invited application from residents associations for all unauthorized colonies in October 2004, through a public notice. The applicants were asked to submit their area plans. 1153 applications were received out of 1432 unauthorized colonies.
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URBAN VILLAGES 165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD). These urban villages have undergone significant physical and functional transformation related to their specific location. Villages are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in compact built-up form, narrow circulation space and high density developments. These mainly accommodate residential, commercial, industrial and mixed uses. These areas, established with identified uses, continue to play an active economic role.
5.8
STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY Urban Delhi accommodated about 11.5 lakh households in different housing developments in 1981. The Housing shortage at the beginning of second plan (MPD-1981-2001) period had been estimated at about 3 lakh dwelling units which included (i) Squatter and shelterless, (ii) Families sharing houses in congested built-up areas; (iii) houses requiring immediate replacement. Therefore it had been estimated that 16.2 lakh DUs were required for the period of 1981-2001 as shown in Table 5..
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Table 5.7: Housing to be built (1981-91)

Year 1981-86 1986-91 1991-96 1996-01 Total New Housing required 323000 379000 434000 483000 1619000 Average per year 65000 76000 87000 97000 81000
Source: A Peoples Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003
As against this, Table 5. indicates the actual housing development in Delhi until 1995. This indicates that for the period of the second Master Plan (1981-2001), in fact DDA was able to provide land and housing for only 34 per cent of target. DDA and cooperatives (42.5%) met their share of 43% and the site & services plots resettlement sites (23.9%) correspond to the 25%, but the allotment of plots for individual families (31.7%) significantly exceeded the 17% provision. Table 5.8: Development of Housing
Type DDA Flats DUs on individual plots DUs by Cooperatives Resettlement Schemes Slum Rehousing Total DUs per Year upto 1971 5600 59000 35000 9500 109100 10910 1971-81 60000 82400 94661 162700 6000 405761 40576 1981-91 129000 135600 72960 40000 4500 382060 38206 1991-95 57000 63000 36000 18300 174300 43575 Total 251600 340000 203621 256000 20000 107122 31506 %age 23.5 31.7 19.0 23.9 1.9 100.0
Source: A Peoples Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003
5.9
STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT As per economic survey of Delhi 2001-02, there were about 1,29,000 industrial units in Delhi in 1998, against 85050 units in 1991. An average unit employed 9 workers while 30% of units employed less than 4 workers. Units related to textiles products constitute the largest number followed by repair services and electrical machinery. Table 5.9 shows the growth of industrial units and employment. Table 5.9: Growth of Industrial Units and Employment
Year 1981 1991 2001 Number of Industries 42000 85050 129000 Number of Employee 568910 730951 1440000 Employees per Industries 14 9 11
Source: Compiled from MPD-2021
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i) Existing Planned Industrial Areas: Out of 1.3 lakhs industrial units in Delhi, only around 25000-30,000 are located in planned industrial areas (Refer Figure 5.5 & 5.6). The existing industrial estates are Bawana; Narela; Badali; Mangolpuri; Okhla; Patparganj and Shahdara. These industrial areas were developed in the 70s and over the years have deteriorated considerably in terms of physical infrastructure. The industrial estates in the city are owned by three agencies- Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC), Delhi Government Industries Department and DDA. These industrial estates have various problems such as pot-holed roads, overflowing garbage bins, lack of water supply, improper electricity installations and absence of banks, common facility centres and post office. All the 28 industrial estates are plagued with the following problems. Poor Water Supply: Water is supplied in these industrial estates for less than half hour per day leading to diminishing quality of the produce. Bad Roads: The poor road connectivity to industrial estates has made industries withdraw from the area, leading to low occupancy and poor cost recovery. Bawana industrial estate is spread over 1900 acres of land but only around 10 per cent plots are occupied. Garbage Disposal: Garbage is littered on the roads and overflows out of the dustbins. The collection system is unreliable. Freehold Issue: There is a duality in the policy of the centre and the state. While DDA gives plot on freehold basis, the Delhi government still has a leasehold policy which does not give full ownership of land to the unit owner. Encroachment: Several plots are encroached by slum dwellers. The estate manager does not have the power to evict these encroachers.
ii) Unplanned Industrial Area: A survey of residential areas with industrial concentration has revealed that only seven qualify clearly for regularization (as per the criteria of more than 70% industrial use). The remaining can get regularized only after considering godowns, commercial shops and commercial godowns as industrial activity (Refer Table 5.10) Table 5.10: Percentage breakup of Unregularised Industrial Areas in Delhi
Areas Jawahar Nagar Karawal Nagar Haiderpur Shalimar Village New Mandoli Basai Darapur Khyala Rithala Mundka, Swarn Park Mundka Industrial Concentrati on 75.18 78.86 76.06 80.70 72.36 75.07 70.22 57.81 64.06 48.35 Industrial Godowns Comme rcial Use Commercial Godowns Total 75.18 78.86 76.06 80.70 72.36 75.07 70.22 71.34 84.96 74.22
13.53 20.90 25.87
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Areas Naresh Park Extn. Peeragarhi Nawada Hastsal-Pkt A Hastsal-Pkt B Dabri Libaspur Sultanpur Mazra
Industrial Concentrati on 2.17 60.44 69.31 63.38 66.47 52.24 57.85 41.29
Industrial Godowns 18.11 11.52
Comme rcial Use
Commercial Godowns
Total 70.28
7.05 20.32
5.29 18.99 11.76 15.38 12.29 8.70 5.01
71.96 74.60 82.67 78.23 74.67 70.14 75.32
As per the Table above the maximum industrial concentration is in Shalimar village which has 80.70 per cent of the area under industries. Areas that do not qualify even after the inclusion of godowns include Tikri Kalan, Prahladpur, Viswas Nagar, Tri Nagar and Nangli Sakrawati. Two areas have more than 85 per cent industrial concentration (GT Karnal Road-80.64% and Kirti Nagar-95.83%) but do not qualify because the land area is less than four hectare land (Refer Figure 5.5)
Figure 5.5 : Location of Planned and Unorganised Industrial Areas

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ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS Besides Delhis magnificent built heritage (discussed in detail in Chapter 7), there are natural and historical landscape features (Yamuna River Corridor, Delhi Ridge) and the associated protected areas of natural wildlife (Jasola Wildlife Sanctuary) that characterize the urban form of Delhi. The detail status of Yamuna River Corridor and Jasola Wildlife Sanctuary & Delhi Ridge are discussed below.
Areas YAMMUNA RIVER CORRIDOR Characteristics of Ecologically Sensitive areas The river front in Delhi has lost its potential heritage, religious, pulic amenity and recreational value. It is surrounded by unplanned and haphazard development of villages and JJ clusters in North; by Thermal Power Plants, Aksardham Temple complex, Commonwealth Game village etc in central part; in the south by Julenagaon; Taimur Nagar, Kalindikunj etc. The problem areas associated with river corridor in NCTD are listed below: Though an interstate water sharing treaty exists, there is lack of an effective inter state river basin hydro-policy regime. This results in upstream pollution from agricultural pesticides and sub-optimal water extraction practices. The presence of extensive, high density areas of informal low income housing generating large volumes of untreated sewage and solid waste that is discharged into the river. A recent Supreme Court Order stipulates that industrial effluent must be treated to a prescribed standard before being discharged into the Yamuna. Making this order operational, through effective implementation, enforcement and monitoring will be critical to the environmental sustainability of the Yamuna. Within the context of the Yamuna Action Plan, DDA has proposed to change the use of 260 hectare of land in the central tranche to public use. The sustainability of the sensitive ecological habitat of the Jasola wildlife area will also require the formulation and implementation of a special case integrated area strategy that would be likely to include Delhi Ridge as the environmental context and buffer zone to the sanctuary. The problems associated with this area are as follows: Temporary incompatible use permissions granted for storage, assembly, temporary accommodation (e.g. exhibition related activities) have left behind residual materials. This despoils the area and renders it environmentally vulnerable. Incremental quarry extraction activities have scared the ridge; and (post working) designation as wasteland by the DDA in its land-use plans has consolidated this abuse.
JASOLA WILDLIFE AREA AND THE RIDGE
It is imperative to state that the development of Delhi Ridge and Yamuna City Regional Park System has to be comprehensively looked into to plan for better physical environment & ecological system of the city. 5.11 LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT A brief summary of the roles and responsibilities of central and state government agencies in land management are presented below.
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Department/Agency Land Record Management, DDA
Roles and Responsibilities Deals with Nazul-I lands transferred to DDA from Delhi Improvement Trust and Nazul-II lands acquired under the policy of large scale acquisition for development and disposal of land by DDA after 1957. The functions of the land management department are to acquire land, allot sites for petrol pumps and gas godowns, maintain land records, protect land from encroachment and enforce Master plan section against misuse. DDA has setup six field zones for the purpose of protection of land. The revenue department acquires land on behalf of the DDA/MCD/Slum department. The demand for land acquisition is placed by DDA to the land building department, which acquires the land for the DDA after getting approval from the LG; and after acquisition, places the same at the disposal of DDA, under section 12 of DDA act The L&E department of MCD deals with records of land and properties of the colonies/villages within the jurisdiction of MCD. The department also deals with collection of property tax and monitors its activities through the 12 MCD zones. The department deals with the maintenance of land record of the properties of the GoI. The activities of construction and maintenance are with CPWD.
Land and Building Department/Revenue Department
L&E Department of MCD
L&DO GoI, UDPA
In NCTD area most of the lands are owned by the DDA, L&DO and central governments. Land under state ownership is limited and sectorally owned. Agricultural land is mainly privately owned and owners pay agriculture tax to the revenue department. However the private sector primarily comprises of individuals; families; trusts; institutions; families; trusts; institutions and firms/companies, which own or seek land or space built on land (refer Table 5.). Table 5.11: Land Ownership in Delhi
Land Owning Agency Area in hectare % to Total DDA 25377.2 17.1 L&DO (NDMC) 4270.0 2.9 Cantonment Board 114352.8 2.9 Others (MCD, Railways etc) 4300.0 77.1 Total 148300 100
Source: DUEIIP, Status Report for Delhi-21
5.12
EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT In order to encourage planned development in the city, the DDA prepared master plans for the NCTD Area. Various plans prepared for Delhi over the years include (i) Lutyens Plan for the New Delhi (the imperial capital) now NDMC area-1911; (ii) Interim General Plan for Delhi prepared by the Town Planning Organisation (TPO) in 1956; (iii) Master Plan for Delhi (MPD) with perspective of 1981 (based on Land use inventory TPO, 1958) prepared by DDA in 1962; (iv) Master Plan for Delhi with perspective of 2001 prepared by DDA in 1990; (v) National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with perspective of 2001 prepared in 1989; (vi) Draft Master Plan Delhi with perspective of 2021, prepared by DDA in 2005 (notification awaited) and (vii) National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with
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perspective of 2021 prepared in 2005. The salient features of these plans are discussed in the subsequent section. 5.12.1 Master Plan for Delhi (1961-81) MPD-1981 has divided city into 8 planning divisions and planning districts with an objective to make these self contained in employment and community facilities. As per MPD-1981, these divisions were proposed to have populations ranging from 3 to 7 lakhs. Hence each division had 2-3 district centres, which are composite retail shopping centres with commercial and service uses. As per the plan, total land available for urbanization in 1981, was about 440 km2. Beyond this has the Agricultural Green Belt which was to be preserved for agricultural use. The proposed activities as per Master Plan (1961-81) are presented in Table 5.12 & Figure 5.7. Table 5.12: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1961-81)
Land Uses Acquisition of Land and Development Residential Activities In order to contain the likely population of about 6.0 million by 1981, the following additional land areas were proposed to be developed under various uses: Residential: 30,000 acres; Commercial: 1900 acres; Industrial: 4800 acres; Government: 500 acres; Recreational: 25000 acres Medium and High Density residential development proposed in the planning division A & B (Old Wall City area & its Extension). Average Residential Density ranges from 81 PPA in West Yamuna Canal area to 235 PPA in old walled city area. The average gross density in the Master Plan is about 97 PPA. Redensification of low density areas such as Lodhi colony; RK Puram, Motibagh and laxmibai nagar. Developing Low income housing-1,50,000 units; government housing-1,10,000 units and private housing-4,85,000 units The Commercial area as per MPD 1981 works out to be 0.48 acres/1000 population. The hierarchies of commercial area proposed were Central Business District (CBD); District Shopping Centre; Community Shopping; local shopping and convenient shopping. Development of commercial area of 565 acres. 20 projects were to be developed upto 1981 for slum improvements. These slum areas are Kotla Mubarakpur; Sui Walan; Kucha Pati Ram; Sarai Rohilla; Qadam Sharif; Shadipur Khampur, Ajmeri Gate etc. Areas proposed for industrial development. The details are given as part of Table 5.. It has been proposed to develop 25000 acres of land for recreational use. It was proposed to provide active recreational facilities such as open air theatres, libraries, museums, swimming pools, terraced gardens, landscaped vistas and botanical gardens. The rural towns proposed for the location of light and medium industries are Nangloi Jat, Bawana, Palam and Najafgarh It was proposed to provide 17 local shopping centres for each cluster of villages (within radius of 3 miles from every village), 6 district shopping centres for bigger village groups (within radius of 5 miles from every village) and 3 mandis in more central location (Palam; Khera kalan and Kanjhawala).
Commercial
Slum Improvements & Redevelopment Industrial Area Recreational Areas
Plan for Rural Delhi
Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1961-81
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Table 5.13: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (1981)

Market Fruit and Vegetable Markets Wholesale Grain Market Bicycle and accessories Cloth Market Fodder Market General Merchandise and hosiery Iron, steel and scrap metal market Building Materials Proposed Location One mandi near Daya Basti railway station in Sarai Rohilla in North-west and another in South of Delhi at Okhla Site near Teliwara, in north of Sadar bazaar was proposed Jhandewalan area Redevelopment & Modernization of Chandni Chowk area and site west of church mission road Dayabasti near Najafgarh Road Improvement and reorganization of Sadar Bazar-Old Bahadurgarh road Jhadewalan; reorganization of junk & scrap yards in Motia Khan West Delhi adjacent to the railway line to Rewari Area in Acre 35 17 10 10 6 61 15 50
Table 5.14: Proposed Location of Industrial Estates and Zones (1981)

Total Land (in acres) A. Extensive manufacturing Najafgarh Industrial Area Okhla Industrial Area Azadpur Industrial Area Shahdara Industrial Area Rohtak Industrial Area Sub-Total 716 1241 743 3832 1034 7566 Industrial Area Total Land (in acres) B. Intensive Manufacturing Flatted industries inlying locations Flatted industries outlying locations Sub-Total 192 169 361 Industrial Area Industrial Area C. Service Industries D. Extractive Industries E. Special Industries Sub-Total Total Land (in acres) 355 106 165 626
5.12.2 Review of Master Plan Proposals MPD-81 proposed to increase the residential use to 44% from 18% in 1961. However the residential use as per the MPD-61 was 30% which is far below the proposed use. Other uses such as recreational area, as proposed in MPD-81 were 24%, which got limited to 12%. The area under commercial land use was proposed to be 2% but it exceeded to 3.8%. Similarly, the area under Industrial land use was proposed to be increased to 5% but only 3.5% of the area was under this land use in 1981 (Refer 6 & 6 (a)). Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi 5-17
Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
Railways Land Transpo rtati 2% o n Facilities 8%
A griculture 0.3%
Proposed 1981
Railways Land 2%
Agricult ure 16.2% Resident ial Use 18%
Commercial Use 2% Indust rial Use 2%
Recreatio n Use 24%
Residential Use 44%
Transport at ion Facilit ies 25%
P ublic & S e m iP ublic Us e 15 % Co mmercial Use 2%
P ub l i c & Semi - Pub l i c U se 2 5%
Recreat ion Use 10%
Industrial Use 5%
Existing 1961
Figure 5.6: Proposed Landuse 1981
Figure 5.6(a): Existing Landuse 1961
Other departures from the proposed master plan measures include: As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-81 did not take place. Connaught place & its extension and commercial areas in the walled city and its extension continues to function as CBD with all the associated problems of parking and traffic congestion etcl. As per MPD-81, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to conforming areas; but no areas with non confirming uses were shifted out. MPD-81 proposed industrial areas consisting mainly of flatted factories; light industries and extensive industries but no flatted factory area was developed except for Jhandewalan area. MPD-81 estimated around 20000 informal sector units in 1981 which is limited to 15%. Moreover plan did not contain any specific proposal for integration of unorganized sector in development schemes. MPD-81 targeted to construct government housing, Low cost housing and private housing as per details mentioned in Table 5.11. During the two decades, only 5.43 lakhs houses had been constructed against target of 7.47 lakh. MPD-81 had proposed 15 district centres out of which only 3 had been developed in 1981 (Nehru Place; Rajendra Place and Bhikaji Cama Place. Two wholesale markets namely Fruit & Vegetable Market (Okhla) and Iron & Steel Market (Jhandewalan) had been shifted out up to 1981; and two cycle & truck accessories markets were partially shifted. Most of the other markets continued to grow further in the walled city creating, further congestion.
5.12.3 Master Plan for Delhi (1981-01) MPD-2001, was based on the basic premise of Balanced Regional Development, which emphasizes restrictive policy of employment generation. The main guidelines for this policy were: (i) only such new Central Government Offices which directly serve the Ministries of the Government of India be located in Delhi; (ii) Industrial Growth in Delhi be restricted to small scale and less labour intensive and (iii) Legal & Fiscal measures to restrict employment and distributive trade.
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The MPD-2001 projected a population of 12.8 million by 2001 for the entire NCT. However, the plan recommended to restrict the population to 11 million in NCT and divert the remaining 0.2 million to selected towns in the NCR. The population of NCT was however 13.4 million in 2001 Refer Figure 5.8. (i) Spatial Strategies
The Master plan has come up with strategies for each of the constituents of the NCTD and DMA area. The proposed strategies as per Master Plan (1981-01) are presented in Table 5.15. Table 5.15: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1981-01)
Constituent Area Acquisition of Land and Development Walled CitySpecial Area Residential Commercial Slum Improvement & Redevelopment Proposed Strategy 24000 hectare of land to be acquired up to 2001 Land development for residential purpose 12000 ha and industrial purpose 1600 ha Revitalization of Walled City keeping in view the traditional character and style of the buildings Redevelopment of Sadar Bazaar wholesale market by provision of necessary infrastructure and parking areas Prohibiting all heavy commercial vehicles in walled city area Cars not allowed inside the walled city areas with provision of underground parking at Lal Quila, Delhi Gate, Ajmeri Gate, Turkman Gate, Mori Gate and Purdah bagh One way traffic on all the streets of walled city Planning tools such as conservative surgery to be adopted for city upgradation New Concept of Partially built plotted housing has been introduced. This involves partially built housing on individual plots of 70-80m2. Cooperative formation in 600 unauthorized colonies for improvement of low level of physical & social infrastructure Planned Development of Urban extension areas (Rohini, Dwarka and Narela) Augmentation of housing at focused locations-Patparganj, Sarita Vihar and Vasant Kunj (4000 ha) Existing CBDs-Old Wall City, Connaught Place and Karol Bagh two Sub CBDs, Proposed 2 Sub-CBDs (One in Trans Yamuna Area & other in the urban extension area) Existing Five district centers; 22 new district centers proposed (14 in existing urban limits & 8 in the urban extensions) It was proposed to develop four regional wholesale markets in different directions integrated with freight complexes. 11 regional cum local wholesale markets as secondary wholesale markets are proposed to be developed in different planning divisions. Provision of Hostel accommodation for single; minimum 25% as site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for about 1 lakh LIG families Infrastructure up gradation in 44 resettlement colonies and provisions of income earning opportunities within or proximity of resettlement colonies Provision of slum housing for 49000 families Industrial area redevelopment scheme for Anand Parbhat (Light
Industrial use
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Constituent Area Plan for Rural Delhi Channelisation of River Yamuna
Proposed Strategy Industrial Area); Shahdara (Light Industrial Area) and Shampur Badli (Extensive Industrial Area) Provision of 16 new light industrial areas (Total area of 1533 ha) was to be developed in urban industrial extensions (UIE). Each UIE upto 5 units of about 20 ha. Provision of 1.6 km wide green belt beyond urbanisable limits Provision of Divisional sport centres-7nos; District level children parks-11nos; Development of lakes-2nos Five villages were identified as higher order growth centreBakhtwarpur; Bawana; Jharoda Kalan; Dhansa and Chawala. Six villages were identified as lower order growth centre- Jagatpur; Ghogha; Qutab Garh; Jaunti; Mitron; Gommanhera Environment improvement of 120 villages and development of 11 central villages Development of river front considering all ecological and scientific aspects as project of special significance for city
Recreational Area
Table 5.16: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (2001)

Market A. MARKET WITH WAREHOUSING Textile & Textile Products Auto, Motor Part & Machinery Fruit and Vegetable Market Hardware and Building Material Iron and Steel Food Grain Timber Plastic Leather and PVC Relocation of Junk Market Truck Terminal Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khadar & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Patparganj in east; Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader in South; Nazafgarh in South West Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Patparganj in east and Urban Extension in South West Patparganj in east Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Najafgarh & Urban Extension in South West Sub-CBD (Shahdara); Okhla; Rohtak Road District Centre; Shivaji Place District Centre in North; Wazirpur District Centre; Rohini District Centre; Markets of 810hectare in each urban extension and fodder markets was to be developed in the rural areas 70 43 53 53 25 32 112 19 4 219 Proposed Location Area in Hectare
Regional cum local Markets
157
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Market Integrated Freight Complex
Proposed Location Madanpur Khadar (NH-2); Patparganj (NH-24); GT Road (NH-1) and Bharthal (NH-8)
Area in Hectare -
Review of Master Plan Proposals (1981-01)
Proposals which have not been completed as per the directions of the Master Plan are presented below: o As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-01 did not take place. Connaught place & its extension, and commercial areas in the walled city and its extension continue to function as CBD with all the associated problem of parking and traffic congestion etc. District centres at Jhanakpuri; Laxminagar and Shivaji palace are still in process of development As per MPD-01, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to the conforming areas but no areas with non-conforming uses were shifted out. No provision of Hostel accommodation for single workers; or minimum 25% as site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for about 1 lakh LIG families were made up to 2001 Only 1 integrated freight complex at Gazipur is in development stage against the 4 proposed in MPD-01.
o o o
5.12.4 Draft Master Plan for Delhi (2001-21) The land use plan 2021 has been prepared based on (i) the policies enunciated for different urban activities; (ii) requirement of additional social and physical infrastructure; (iii) Transportation and work centres; (iv) restructuring of land uses along the MRTS corridors. In order to control development; the areas have been designated as one of the 27 use zones. These zones have been classified into 10 categories2 as shown in Figure 5.9. MPD-2021 projected a population of 23.0 million by 2021 for the entire NCT. However, the plan recommended accommodating 11.4 million people in zone A to H; and 3.9 million in Dwarka, Rohini phase-III, IV & V and Narela; and diverting the remaining 8.0 million in the planned new urban extensions. MPD2021 is in draft stage the detailed provisions and development strategy suggested in the plan will be presented once it is finalized. 5.13 PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21 Five towns were proposed in the Master Plan (2001-21) as DMA towns in the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA). These include Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Kundli and Loni. A total of 3.5-lakh population was assigned by the Master Plan to these towns for the year 2011. Besides, specialized economic activities were
2 The Landuse categories are Residential; Commercial; Industrial; Recreational; Regional Park/Ridge; Transportation; Utility; Government; Public & Semi-Public Use; Agriculture and Water Bodies
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proposed for each of these towns. A brief summary of the land use allocation strategies and provisions in NCR plan is discussed below:
Sectors Development of New Townships Recommendations DMA Towns: Faridbad, NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Kundli, Bahadurgarh and Gurgaon Priorty Towns (Regional Centres): Palwal, Khurja, Hapur, Meerut, Bulandshar, Panipat, Rohtak, Dharuhera, Bhiwadi, Rewari, Alwar Counter Magnet Towns; Patiala (Punjab); Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh); Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), Kota (Rajasthan), Hissar (Haryana) Sub- Regional Centre: Shikarpur; Philhua; Tijara; Khairthal; Bahror; Bawal; Hathin; Hodal; Jhajjar and Sonipat Development Proposals: Regional Road Links Elevated Expressway on Ring Road Development Proposal-Regional Rail Industrial Development through NCRPB assistance in Loni; Faridabad; Kundli; Gurgaon; Meerut; Barhi; Panipat; Manesar; Bhiwadi; Bawal; Neemrana; Alwar
Development of Transport Sector Industrial Development
5.14
ISSUES IN LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT Some of the major issues emerge from the above analysis are presented below: Increasing gap between demand and supply of housing and infrastructure: The growth of unauthorized colonies and JJ clusters clearly indicate the housing status of the city. Consistently, targets for housing provision have not been met. Moreover, the poor have borne the brount of the shortfall. Overall, Around 5 lakh houses are to be constructed to fulfill past back logs, over and above the future demand of 20 lakh houses by 2021. Over crowding, haphazard development without basic services: There are 728 JJ clusters; 1700 unauthorized colonies and 165 urban villages accommodating around 60 lakh population. Of these, barely 25% of the population has access to physical infrastructure. Encroachments on agricultural land and urban villages: The urbanization area is expanding in an adhoc manner, often into the green area. Due to lax development regulations and control, rural areas are falling prey to unauthorized development. Original land owners have parceled their holdings and sold these at high prices to builders/developers. Urban villages have been over-run with haphazard developments Exploitation of Land for unauthorized development: Large portion of urban land in NCT is owned by government generally for public, community and government uses. Without programmed use and efforts for protection, these lands get easily encroached by both marginal groups and unregistered land speculators. This is further aggravated by insufficient official provision of land for various uses be it residential, commercial or industrial. Non-Conforming Land uses: Around 1 lakh industries are located in nonconforming areas as per MPD. Efforts for relocation have failed due to the 5-22
inaccessibility to work-centre of the relocation site; lack of infrastructure; security of tenure & assets and affordability of the owner. Lack of Linkage of Physical Planning Strategy with Financial Planning: Successful physical planning should respond to economic realities; and support broader financial goals and strategies for the city. The link between these aspects, while strong in the first Master Plan, seems to have weakened substantially in subsequent plans. Failure of implementation has aggravated the situation further.
Figure 5.7 : L A N D U S E M A P 1961 81
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Figure 5.8 : L A N D U S E M A P 1981 - 2001
Figure 5.9 : L A N D U S E
M A P 2001-21 5-24
Chapter 6 : Urban Poor and Slum
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 6 Urban Poor & Slum
CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM

6.1 INTRODUCTION Urban Poverty and Slums are the most critical problems of urban development today. In Delhi too, they are a serious issue. The various dimensions of poverty and slums have been discussed in detail in this chapter. This chapter has been divided into three sections. The first section discusses the poverty profile of the city, the characteristics of the poor population and poverty alleviation programmes. The profile of slums / JJ Clusters, with respect to their location, distribution, growth, infrastructure status and requirements, processes of slum development in the city and the slum development programmes by the Slum Department of the MCD and DDA, is discussed in the second section. The last section summarizes the issues related to poverty and slums. 6.2 POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI The Planning Commission estimates the proportion and number of poor based on the projection of minimum needs and effective consumption. Such a projection is based on the norm of 2100 calorie per capita per day consumption for an urban area. The calorie norms are invariably expressed in monetary terms that change with respect to weighted commodity indices of the consumer price index. The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. The figure has been declining steadily to 26.22% in 1983; 16.4% in 1991 and 14.69% in 1993-94. The percentage of people below poverty line declined to 10.02% in 2001. Table 6.1 presents the zone wise BPL population. Table 6.1: Below Poverty Line Population (2005)
Rural BPL Population (in Lakh) 1.06 0.44 0.10 0.19 0.07 % age to Total 24.44 7.66 1.29 1.19 0.40 Urban BPL Population 21.78 17.95 10.15 15.32 11.42 %age to Total 52.23 27.89 13.56 16.03 9.42
25 20 15 10 5 0 1973 1983 1987
Year 1973 1983 1987 1993 2000
21.78 17.95
Urban
10.15
15.32 11.42
1.06
0.44
0.1
Rural
1993
0.19
0.07 2000
Source: Economic Survey Report, Government of Delhi, Delhi
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6.3
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR The socio-economic profile of the segment of population categorized as poor is of strategic importance for both planning purposes, and for managing the habitat and its environmental upgradation and improvement. However, comprehensive data is not available for the whole of Delhi, although generalizations can be made on the following parameters based on data available from the few available surveys and studies. It is important to keep in perspective however that inhabitants of LIG / EWS areas are not a homogenous segment. (a) Income and Expenditure: The average total monthly income per household ranges from Rs. 1500-2500 among the poor. The expenditure of these families is around 5-10% more than their incomes. The per capita monthly income and expenditure is Rs. 245 & Rs. 423 respectively. Poor households, therefore, are increasingly dependent upon loans from the local moneylenders. The monthly income of around 25-30% households is above Rs 1500 and around 45-50% households is below Rs 1000. Access to Housing: Housing is a basic need of the poor. Most of the poor do not have access to secure land tenure. 85% of the poor are squatters, and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented accommodation and have to pay a substantial portion of their income for rent. Most importantly, such rental quarters do not have even basic infrastructure facilities. The quality of life led by these people is extremely poor. Occupation Profile of Poor: 41% of these families work as casual labourers, as most of them are unskilled. However, one-third of the poor also work in the service sector and only 20-25 % is self-employed. Therefore, nearly 52% of the poor households do not have access to a dependable occupation and secure incomes. Migration Status and Poor: Migration characteristics have also been included as most of the poor are migrants from rural areas, who come to the city in search of employment. In Delhi, 38% of the total poor have migrated to the city for employment purposes. Access to Infrastructure: The infrastructure facilities that have been covered are water and sources of energy for the urban poor. A majority of the poor families (47%) have access to water from community sources. 16% of the families do not have any definite source of water. With respect to source of light, nearly 30% of the families depend on kerosene lamps. Pavement Dwellers: Around 1 Lakh homeless people constitute another component of the poor in Delhi. They are mostly found in the Walled City or its surrounding areas and generally sleep on the pavements. There are around 10 night shelters located at Azadpur, Subzi Mandi, Paharganj, Jhandewalan, Red Fort, Old Delhi Railway Station, Azad Market and Roshanara road. The night shelters operated by MCD provide accommodation to only male dwellers. 6-2
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
6.4
POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES Swaranajyanti Saw Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) is the main poverty alleviation programme of the government, which was launched in 1997 after merging the NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojna), PMIUPEP and Urban Basic Services Programme (UBSP). The programme aims not only at economic emancipation of people living below the poverty line but also an improvement in their living environment. The details of the programme are being given in Box 1. Box 1: Salient Features of SJSRY
The programme seeks to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed and underemployed poor, through encouraging the setting up of self employment ventures or provision of wage employment. It relies on creation of suitable community structures and delivery of inputs through urban local bodies. It is funded on a 75:25 basis between the centre and the state. It consists of two special components of: Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP): It has 3 components of selfemployment: setting up of micro-enterprise; setting up of group micro- enterprise under Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas (DWCUA) and training for skills up-gradation of beneficiaries. Urban Wage-Employment Programme (UWEP): The programme aims to provide wage employment by utilizing labour to construct socially and economically useful public assets. Special emphasis is given on formation of Community based structures like CDS, NHGs and NCs.
6.5
SHELTER OPTIONS The poor typically inhabit unplanned or semi-planned developments. In Delhi these are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area; (b) Resettlement Colonies; (c) Relocated JJ Clusters and (d) JJ Clusters or Squatter settlements. The section below describes the characteristics of these areas.
6.5.1 Old Walled City Area In Delhi, areas designated or notified as slums under the act are generally located in the Walled City and its adjoining environs. There are 319 katras in the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of inhabitants. In addition, there are 400 properties, which are with the Evacuee Property Cell of Land and Building Department of Delhi Government. 6.6 SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS / JJ CLUSTERS The squatter settlements are encroachments on mainly public land. As such these are illegal clusters (JJCs) and are devoid of any legal entitlements. However, efforts have been made by the government to extend basic social and environmental services to them (Refer Box 2)
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Box 2: Urban Poor and Type of Shelter

The category of the urban poor mainly comprises of the inhabitants in JJ clusters / squatter settlements. These inhabitants are service providers, which includes domestic help, hawkers and vendors, low paid workers in the industrial, commercial and trade / business sectors etc. The socio-economic constraints on access to income pose constraints to food and other basic necessities including shelter. As a result, they are constrained to live in the worst kind of settlements. Substandard housing is not only the consequence of poverty but also policy and financial constraints imposed on the government departments and agencies to provide adequate services for the poor. However, the type of housing they are constrained to choose is largely the consequence of poverty.
6.6.1 Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters JJ clusters are scattered all over the city. Generally they are situated on the vacant land along railway lines, roads, drains and river embankments and also vacant spaces near residential, industrial and commercial complexes. Around 55 per cent of squatters are near the residential areas and 40% along the road berms (Table 2). Table 6.2: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi
Areas with Encroachment Residential Areas Road Berms Park and Open Spaces Schools Market Railway Station Number of Squatters 34100 24184 966 500 1093 200 % age to Total 55.86 39.62 1.58 0.82 1.79 0.33
Schools 1% Market 2%
Park and Open Spaces 2%
Road Berms 40%
Residential Areas 55%
TOTAL
61043
100.00
Source: Sabir Ali, Environment Scenario of Delhi Slums, Centre for Social Development Studies, 1998
It is clear from Table 6.3 that around 70% of clusters have less than 500 JJs. This percentage has remained constant from 1991-2001. The sharp decline in the number of JJ clusters (19942001) is attributed to large scale relocation of JJs since 1999.
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Table 6.3: Size Wise Distribution of JJ Clusters

Number of JJ in Clusters Upto 100 101-500 501-1000 1001-1500 1991 496 311 59 30 1994 396 446 121 54 2001 227 295 110 37
10011500 5% 5011000 15% Above 1500 8% Upto 100 31%
1500 above
&
33
63
59
2001
101-500 41%
Source: (i) Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001
Some of the major areas with concentrations of slums in various pockets of Delhi are presented in Figure 6.2 and Box 3. Box 3: Areas with Concentration of JJ Clusters
The spread of JJ clusters ranges from a plot of 0.4 acres with 8 JJs to JJCs as large as 50 acres with 10,000 households & 45000 population. The average number of JJ per acre comes to 200 with 193 being the lowest (Nazafgarh area) and 206 the highest (Gole Market and Kalkaji areas). The average area of JJ is 20m2. Some of the major area with such concentrations are given below A) HIGH CONCENTRATION: a. Minto Road/Gole Market/Matia Mahal (129 clusters, 43388 JJs, 215.08 acres)-NDMC Area b. Badarpur/Tulaqabad/Saket (79 clusters, 64187 JJs, 79 acres)-MCD Area c. Moti Nagar/ Patel Nagar/Rajendra Nagar (72 clusters, 35,427 JJs, 175.45 acres)MCD Area d. Jahangirpuri/Adarsh Nagar/Model Town/Wazirpur (117 clusters, 71538 JJs, 356 acres) -MCD Area e. Badli/Shahbad-Daulatpur (21 clusters, 27,551 JJs, 137.70 acres) -MCD Area B) MEDIUM CONCENTRATION: a) Delhi Cantonment/Janakpuri/Tilak Marg (17 clusters, 18,982 JJs, 95.03 acres) -MCD Area b) Bishwas Nagar/ Shahdara/Babarpur (44 clusters, 18915 JJs, 88.91 acres)-MCD Area c) Hauzkhas/RK Puram (52 clusters, 14110 JJs, 70.22 acres)-NDMC Area C) LOW CONCENTRATION: a) Nazargarh/Nasirpur/Palam (11 clusters, 363 JJs, 1.83 acres)-MCD Area b) Sarojini Nagar/Kalkaji/Malaviya Nagar/Ambedkar Nagar/ Kasturba Marg (45 clusters, 11,802 JJs, 68.42 acres)-NDMC Area
6.6.2 Growth of Squatter Settlements The squatter settlements or jhuggi jhopari clusters (JJC) assume strategic importance as far as issues of unorganized settlements are concerned. As mentioned in Table 6.4 , in 1951 Delhi had 12749 jhuggi jhopris (JJs) scattered over 199 clusters. By 1973 the number of JJs had reached 98483 spread over 1373 clusters. The resettlement scheme pursued in 1962-77, with a
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concentrated effort in 1975-77 resulted in the resettlement of 2.4 lakh JJs in different parts of Delhi. In 1977 only 20000 JJ households remained to be relocated. But, in 1983 the number of squatter households had gone upto 1.13 lakhs. In 2001 the JJ clusters had declined to (729 from 1080 in 1994) due to relocation of around 300 clusters from Gautampuri, Kingsway Camp, Ashok Vihar, AIIMS and Hauz Khas etc. Table 6.4: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi
YEAR 1951 1973 1983 1990 1997 2001 JJ CLUSTERS 199 1373 534 929 1100 728 JHUGGI HHS 12749 98483 113000 259000 600000 429662 AREA IN HA 21.1 164.1 188.3 431.7 902.1 650.2 POPULATION 63745 492415 565000 1295000 3000000 2148310
Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi
6.6.3 Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters The land owning agencies in whose area the JJ clusters are situated are given in Table 6.5. Eighty Three percent of DDA land is squatted on by 600 JJ clusters (refer Annex-6.1). Table 6.5: Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters
LO AGENCY DDA L&DO Railway MCD NDMC Gram Sabha Cantonment Board CPWD Private TOTAL Number of Jhuggies 1990 1994 280988 349705 21530 29415 12161 17346 8428 3226 4132 1570 3040 2454 337529 11052 4487 4360 1700 4316 2885 425266 Populatio n 1994 1856683 132327 78929 52045 20182 19619 7064 19421 12980 2199250 Area in Acres 1865.93 149.86 84.34 47.29 22.52 21.31 7.86 16.84 14.45 2230.4
CB MCD 8% 2% Railw ay 4% L&DO 7%
NDMC Gram Sabha 1% CPWD 1% 1% Private 1%
DDA 83%
Source: Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001
6.6.4 Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters Water and sanitation facilities in these unorganized colonies, particularly JJ clusters, is poor. Only 21 % of colonies are covered with piped water supply and 10% are covered by sanitation. Table 6.6 presents a satisfactory level of infrastructure availability in unplanned settlements, but these facilities are non- functional in around 75-80% of the settlements. The average population served by one PSP ranges from 250-300 against the standard of 150. Moreover, average waiting time at PSP is 20-30 minutes. Around 85-90% of JJ clusters did not have even community toilets, forcing habitants to defecate in the open near the water bodies or drainage channels.
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Table 6.6: Water and Sanitation Status in the Unplanned Settlements (2004)
Service Provision in Unplanned Settlement Regularized Unauthorized colonies Resettlement Colonies JJ Clusters Piped Water Supply Number 557 44 158 % of Colonies 98.2 100.0 21.7 Sewer Facility Number 458 44 72 % of Colonies 80.7 100.0 9.8
6.7
RESETTLEMENT COLONIES Under the schemes for resettlement of JJ clusters 47 resettlement colonies were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0 Lakh plots were developed accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies have degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized development. Therefore investment towards up gradation of physical infrastructure has to be made for improving civic life. Annex 6.2 gives detailed list of resettlement colonies in City.
6.7.1 Location of Resettlement Colonies The spatial distribution of these colonies indicates that they are proliferating mainly in the south-east, north east, north-west, south-west and central parts of the NCT of Delhi. There are five colonies in South-East, eight in North-East, 15 in North West, Seven in South West and 12 in central Delhi. 6.8 RELOCATION SITES There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan kalan, Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation has been made to three principal sites. These are Dwarka (known also as Papan Kalan), Rohini, Narela and Savdar Ghevada. The main pockets from where JJ Cluster were relocated are Central, South and East Delhi areas. Thus, during 19992000, 3741 squatter households from the JJ clusters at CGO complex, Chanakyapuri, Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki Sarai, Shahdara were moved to Narela and Rohini. 27.4 acres of land has been allotted at Molar Bund for shifting of the JJ cluster at Gautam Nagar behind AIIMS. In 1997-98, DDA allocated 32 acres of land in Tehkhand village for relocation of squatter families. These relocation / resettlement sites offer no security of tenure to habitants who begin a new life without security, basic services, schools and other basic amenities. (Refer Figure 6.2 & 6.2 (a)) Box 4: Experience of Relocation
One of the problems with regard to the strategy of relocation is that of allottees transferring the plots for payment and then squatting elsewhere. According to recent estimates by DDA, more than 50 per cent of the allottees have sold their plots which are now occupied by unauthorized persons. The sample survey in Kalkaji and Dakshinpuri resettlement colony (out of 6238 units only 2350 were original allottees) reveals that around 50% occupants were not original allottees. The transfer of properties has been attributed to the fact that relocation sites planned were 40km away from the existing location of JJ clusters.
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At Bhalswa resettlement site, communities were relocated in November 2000. They started the process of constructing their homes on land allotted to them without any tenure document. Without adequate documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain loans from financial institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer loans to residents and then coerce them to leave under duress.
Narela
(10422)
Holambi kalan Rohini (2151)
Bhalasw a
Bakanwara (2000)
Papan kalan (5650) Madanpur Khadder
Figure 6.2: Relocation Sites and Relocated JJ Clusters
NARELA PUTHKALAN
BHALASWA JAHANGIRIPURI KINGSWAY CAMP ASHOK VIHAR
BAKHARWAL A PAPANKALAN -SECTOR 16A PAPANKALAN -SECTOR 1
ASHOK VIHAR
GAUTAMPURI KALYANPURI TRILOKPURI AIIM NEHRU PLACE HAUZKHAS MADANPUR KHADER MOLADBUND
Relocation Sites Eviction Sites
Figure 6.2(a): Relocation Sites and Recent Eviction Sites

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6.9
SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES The approach of the government towards areas notified as Slums under the Slum areas Act 19561 has been three pronged (i) Clearance/Relocation; (ii) Insitu upgradation; and (iii) Environmental Improvement Schemes. Clearance / relocation has been the mainstay of the policy towards the squatters and JJ clusters. The program of squatter clearance was discontinued at the end of the sixth plan (1980-85). The clearance program has been initiated again in 2005. The general policy adopted by the government has been two fold (i) No new encroachment shall be permitted on public land and (ii) Past encroachments viz. those in existence up to 1990 would not be removed without providing alternatives.
6.9.1 Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement There are 319 katras in the walled city area with about 3000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of the inhabitants. In addition, there are 400 properties, which are with the evacuee property cell of Land and Building Department, Delhi Government. At present two schemes are being implemented by the slum wing for the improvement of the wall city. These are (i) structural improvement of Katras; (ii) relocation of Katra Dwellers. The salient features of these programmes are presented below.
NAME OF PROGRAMME SALIENT FEATURES Structural improvement are made only to those katra properties where: (i) Cost of structural repairs does not exceed Rs 1000 per m2 and habitable space after structure improvement should not fall below 3m2 per inhabitant. (ii) Per capita space is more than 3m2 but cost of repair exceeds Rs 1000 per m2, the occupants are either evacuated or conferred ownership rights to enable them to make improvements either by themselves or by forming a cooperative society. Katra properties that do not fall under the parameter of structural improvement are to be cleared. ACHIEVEMENT About Rs 2 crore per year is being utilized from Plan funds for repair of these Katras by the slum wing and the transferring the ownership right to the residing households for maintenance.
Katra Structural Improvement
Katra Clearance
Environment Improvement
1
Environment improvement is undertaken under urban basic
In 9th five year plan, the relocation scheme contains two components. These are construction of 261 flats at Ajmeri Gate, where katra properties were cleared, and construction of 900 incremental type houses in various parts of Delhi. Upto 1989, 14.50 lakh slum dwellers had benefited under
The Old city areas and unauthorized colonies are notified as slum under the provision of Slum Area Act 1956. The provisions of the act are not applied to the squatters or JJ clusters.
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NAME OF PROGRAMME in Katras
SALIENT FEATURES services programme (UBS). This programme includes the provision of water supply, sewers, storm water drains, jan suvidha complexes, widening and paving of existing lanes, dalaos/dustbins, community facilities etc.
ACHIEVEMENT the programme. The facilities provided are: 78 Multi-purpose centres; 3 open air theatres; 10 physical training centres; 8 social welfare centres; 677 water taps/handpumps; 642 WC seats; 20550 metres sewerline; 122077 metre storm water drains; 5397 street light; 5 lakh square metre roads; 122 parks for children
6.9.2 JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements Three pronged strategy has been adopted by Government of Delhi2 for dealing with the problems of JJ Clusters. These strategies are (i) Relocation of Jhuggie Households; (ii) In-situ Up gradation of JJ Clusters; and (iii) Extension of minimum basic civic amenities for community use under EIUS schemes in JJ clusters. The salient features and achievement of these schemes and programmes are presented below:
NAME OF PROGRAMME SALIENT FEATURES Under this Strategy, relocation has to be carried out for only those clusters that are required by the land owning agency for projects of larger public interest. The cost of resettlement due to the land owning agency amounts to Rs 29,000 per household. The beneficiary3 is expected to contribute Rs 7000 and the Slum department has to provide a grant of Rs 10,000 towards the cost of sites and services for the purpose of resettlement. The scheme involves re-planning of the existing JJ dwelling units in modified layouts by redistributing the encroached land pockets. The JJ households are given plots of 10 to 12.5 m2 in modified layouts. The beneficiary constructs the shelter under a self help approach with technical extension services from MCD and Slum & JJ department ACHIEVEMENT During 1990-99, about 13000 JJ households have been relocated. During 1999-00, about 3741 squatter households from JJ clusters at CGO complex, Chanakyapuri, Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki Sarai, Shahdara were moved to Narela and Rohini.
Relocation & Resettlement
In-situ Upgradation of JJ Clusters4
In-Situ up-gradation has been undertaken in 3 JJ clusters viz at Prayog Vihar (214 DUs), Ekta Vihar (471 DUs) and Shanti Vihar (112 DUs) respectively. At present JJ clusters of Shahbad-Daulatpur are being developed with this approach for providing infrastructure services. In first
2 Government of Delhi has emphasized on two policies with regards to JJ Clusters Policy-1: No fresh encroachments shall be permitted on public land and Policy-2: Past encroachments which had been in existence prior to 31/01/90 would not be removed without providing alternatives. 3 The beneficiaries staying in JJ clusters prior to 1990 are provided with 18.5m2 plots, whereas those settled in 1990-98 are provided with 12.5m2 plots at the relocation site. The squatters settled after 1998 are displaced without providing alternatives. 4 The implementation of this programme is dependent upon two conditions. One is No Objection Certificate from the land owning agency and the other is clearance of the project by the technical committee of DDA.
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NAME OF PROGRAMME
SALIENT FEATURES and consultative support from NGOs & VOs. Upto 1992-93, in-situ upgradation was limited within a cost ceiling of Rs. 6000 per dwelling unit, which has been extended to Rs 8000 per dwelling unit. In JJ clusters, which are not being relocated or developed with the insitu approach, basic amenities are provided under the Environment Improvement of Urban Slums Scheme. The minimum basic facilities provided are as per the prescribed national norm5 of Rs 525 per capita, which has been raised to Rs 800 since April 1995.
ACHIEVEMENT phase, 4800 families are being covered and the second phase will take care of 4000 households.
Environment Improvement Scheme of JJ Clusters
Jansuvidha Complexes: 1985-1991: 138 Pay and Use Jan Suvidha Complexes were constructed. 1995-1999: 365 Pay and Use Jan Suvidha Complexes and 9211 WCs were constructed. Water Supply: Until 1990: 917 water hydrants had been provided in 280 JJ clusters and 601 India Mark-II hand pumps installed in 205 dwellers. Street Light: Upto 1990: In all 4981 electric poles containing 6,318 street light points were available in 326 clusters.
6.9.3 Tenure Funding Mechanisms The current land tenure allotted to the dwellers is for a lease period of 5 to 10 years. The lease period of around 80% dwellers at relocation sites has expired. The NGOs / Slum & JJ Department assist in forming societies by motivating the beneficiaries. Beneficiaries are to meet the incidental charges amounting to Rs 247 towards formation of the Societies. Resettlement is organized by setting up multi-purpose co-operative societies comprising of about 200 families. 6.9.4 Financial Performance of Slum Improvement The amount spent on slum improvement and rehabilitation programmes in the city by the slum department of the MCD since the year 2002 03 has been given in Table 6.7. The maximum expenditure of Rs. 179.3 million was in the year 2003-04 under the National Slum Development Programme. A steep decline in the allocations for slum development is evident. Since 1991, the slum department has developed around 55000 plots for relocation of squatters through non-Plan investment and has not utilized the Plan investment as is evident from the table below.
The Norms and Standards for basic amenities are: (i) Water Supply-One tap for 150 persons; (ii) Drainage for Waste water and Storm Water; (iii) Community Bath- One bath for 20-50 persons; (iv) Community Latrine- One WC seat for 2025 persons; (v) Widening and paving of lanes; (vi) Street lighting- poles 30 meters apart and (vii) Community FacilitiesCommunity Centres, Dispensaries, non-formal educational centre.
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Table 6.7: Financial Performance of Slum Improvement (Rs Million)

Name of Schemes Night Shelter including Mobile Relocation of Squatter Construction of Community Halls In situ Up gradation of Slums and JJ Clusters Environment Improvement in Urban Slums Construction of Pay & Use Jan Suvidha Complex Structural improvement and rehabilitation of Katras Incremental Houses for Katra Dwellers Shishu vatikas/common spaces in JJ clusters National Slum Development Programme Study and preparation of perspective plan of sub standard area for next 20 years TOTAL 10th Plan Approved Out Lays 30 1200 50 100 100 50 100 50 25 1000 200203 5.9 11.2 55.6 10.0 22.5 5.15 5.51 176.9 2003-04 6.03 6.03 19.7 10.0 28.2 1.8 4.4 179.4 200405 6.04 6.57 18.8 8.60 25.7 1.3 132.7 2005-06 5.51 18.22 19.95 3.9 18.57 13.19 88.53
50
2755
292.9
255.6
199.8
167.8
6.10
ISSUES IN SHELTER FOR THE URBAN POOR The evaluation of slums, JJ clusters and resettlement sites, housing workers and service providers in Delhi highlighted the following issues: (i) Legal Security of Tenure: Studies conducted by various NGOs and CBOs highlighted the problem of security of legal tenure, rights of the dwellers on resettlement sites and the JJ clusters. Without adequate documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain loans from financial institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer loans to residents and then coerce them to leave under duress.
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(ii)
Access to Appropriate Mechanisms of Finance: The poor are unable to meet the requirements of conventional financing institutions, and housing micro-finance is poorly developed. In-situ Up gradation of Existing JJ clusters: Around 80% of dwellers of JJ clusters favour in-situ up-gradation of clusters with provision of plots not less than 40m2. In case the relocation is unavoidable, it shall be within 2km radius. If plots cannot be provided, relocation in G+1 structures is preferred. Access to Public Goods and Services: In all the relocation sites, and 8590% of JJ clusters, residents did not have access to public goods and services. These areas lack general health services, access to portable water and sanitation. As discussed above, residents are dependent on private tankers to meet their water need. In all the JJ clusters, residents have to travel average distances of 500m-700m to PSP with an average waiting time of 20-25 minutes. All the twelve relocation sites are not accessible from arterial & sub arterial roads in the city. Variable plots sizes at relocation sites: The eligibility criteria for resettlement is restricted to those who are (i) Indian Nationals and (ii) residing on the respective site as on 31st December 1998 as evidenced by ration cards. Because of the cut-off date, upto 40-45% families of JJ clusters are ineligible for relocation. Hence, it has become very difficult to get encroached land pockets completely vacated. The existing practice adopted by slum department for provision of plot to the beneficiaries is (i) 18m2 to beneficiaries settled before 1990 and 12.5m2 to beneficiaries settled during 1990-98. This practice of providing differential plots sizes to the beneficiaries, which is lower than the UNHCR guideline of 40 m2, is one of the major issues to be tackled as part of the slum relocation policy.
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Land Suitability of Relocation Sites: The land provided for the construction of homes in five of the twelve sites is uninhabitable. In areas of Hastsal, Bhalsawa and Madanpur Khader, around 15-20 % of plots are 5-10 feet below Ground Level and vulnerable to flooding.
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Annex-6.1
Area of Squatter Settlements in Delhi Classified as per Land Owning Agencies, 1994 S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Land Owning Agency Delhi Development Authority DDA / Slum Dept. L&DO Data not available Railway Slum Dept. / Private Slum Dept. DDA / Railway NDMC Gram Sabha CPWD Private MCD L&DO / CPWD Cantonment Board DDA / Private CPWD / Waqf Board CPWD / L&DO Delhi University DDA / Waqf Board DDA / L&DO PWD / Railway MCD / Flood control P&T Dept. Defence Railway / MCD L&DO / NDMC Delhi Admn. / Flood control Flood Control Delhi Admn. Private (Gram Sabha) Archaeological Deptt. PWD TOTAL 1998-99 estimates Area (in Acres) 1,495.67 297.04 135.92 97.11 90.64 60.00 45.45 37.17 22.27 21.54 16.83 15.09 12.31 11.59 7.85 4.5 4.00 3.25 2.24 2.00 1.50 1.25 0.94 0.90 0.84 0.68 0.62 0.56 0.46 0.26 0.26 0.11 2,390.94 Population 1,346,103 267,336 122,328 87,394 81,571 54,000 40,900 33,448 20,038 19,386 15,147 13,576 11,074 10,431 7,065 4,131 3,600 2,925 2,016 1,800 1,350 1,125 841 810 751 607 553 508 409 234 234 99 2,151,790 3,000,000 % 62.56 12.24 5.68 4.06 3.79 2.51 1.90 1.55 0.93 0.90 0.70 0.63 0.51 0.48 0.33 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.09 0.08 0.60 0.050 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 100.00
Source: Slum Wing, MCD
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Annex 6.2 Resettlement Colonies in Delhi

Name of the Colony More than 1,00,000 Population Jahangirpuri Patparganj Complex, Trilokpuri, Kalyanpuri, Khichripuri Mangolpuri Ph. III 20,000 1,00,000 Population Sultanpuri N. G. Road (Sector A, D, E & C) Nand Nagri, Ph. I Dakshinpuri Extn. Madangir Shakurpur, Ph. I & II Seelampur Ph. III and IV Dakshinpuri, R/Scheme Wazirpur Nangloi, Phase II Madipur Less Than 20,000 Population Mangolpuri, Ph. II Naraina Seemapuri Old Nangloi, Phase IV Hastsal Khayala, Ph. I, II & III Seemapuri, New Ph, I, II & III Mangolpuri, Ph. I Addl. Plots at Sultanpuri Addl. Plots, N. G. Road (RBlock, B-Block, etc.) Gokalpuri Nehru Vihar Nand Nagari Extn. Seelampur, Ph. I, II Kondli Nand nagari, Ph. II Tigri Nangloi, Ph. I Chaukhandi Pandav Nagar Shakurpur, Ph. III Kalkaji West of Khanpur Block P.A.G. Extn. N and Nagri Weaver Colony Nangloi, Phase III Shakurpur, Ph. IV Sunlight Colony Estimated Population Area (in acres) 1061.22 2013.87 332.92 624.57 213.53 244.33 47.07 139.20 91.53 77.90 3070 52.30 55.70 58.49 65.00 44.00 53.81 40.95 49.42 43.84 47.74 220.93 36.72 30.52 38.42 76.92 38.80 30.23 21.13 45.47 19.55 58.60 17.67 12.40 11.00 15.49 48.05 21 / 25 / 31 sq. yds. 25020 22000 21032 19402 5829 7995 6429 6354 6156 3586 5803 5685 4407 4322 3834 3740 3626 3618 3460 3362 3253 2940 2772 2714 2402 2186 580 2145 2000 1954 1734 1554 1534 1456 1206 1096 854 852 679 80 sq. yds. Tenement
125100 110000 105160 97010 42100 39975 32145 31770 30780 29275 29015 28425 22035 21610 191170 18700 18130 18090 17300 16810 16265 14700 13860 13570 12010 11045 10930 10800 10725 10000 9770 8670 7770 7670 7280 7040 6030 5480 4270 4260 4225
1591 1277 1580 166
100 922 1408 -
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Name of the Colony Mangolpuri Seelampur additional plots Ranjit Nagar Sriniwaspuri Garhi Village Moti Bagh, (Ring Road) Total
Estimated Population 3360 2900 2480 2115 1920 1495 1061745
Area (in acres) 9.41 6.00 15.04 7.68 14.50
21 / 25 / 31 sq. yds. 672 580 -
80 sq. yds. 423 299
Tenement 496 384 -
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Chapter 7 : Conservation & Heritage Management
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 7 Conservation & Heritage Management
CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

7.1 INTRODUCTION Heritage Resource Conservation and Management imperatives for Delhi The distinctive historical pattern of development of Delhi, with sixteen identified capital cities1 located in different parts of the triangular area between the Aravalli ridge and the Yamuna river, has resulted in the distribution of a large number of highly significant heritage resources, mainly dating from the 13th century onwards, as an integral component within the contemporary city environment. (Map-1) In addition, as many of these heritage resources (Ashokan rock edict, two World Heritage Sites, most ASI protected monuments) are closely associated with the ridge, existing water systems, forests and open space networks, they exemplify the traditional link between natural and cultural resources which needs to be enhanced and strengthened in order to improve Delhis environment. (Map -2) 7.1.1 Heritage Typologies Location and Significance These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi, encompassing a vast range of heritage typologies2, including: 1. Archaeological sites, 2. Fortifications, citadels, different administrative complexes, types of palace buildings and
3. Religious structures and complexes, including Dargah complexes 4. Memorials, funerary structures, tombs 5. Historic gardens, 6. Traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and management
1 Indraprastha ( c. 1st millennium BCE), Dilli, Surajpals Surajkund, Anangpals Lal Kot, Prithviraj Chauhans Qila Rai Pithora, Kaiquabads Khilokhri, Alauddin Khiljis Siri, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaqs Tughlaqabad, Muhammad Bin Tughlaqs Jahanpanah, Firoz Shah Tughlaqs Firozabad, Khizr Khans Khizrabad, Mubarak Shahs Mubarakabad, Humayuns Dinpanah, Sher Shah Suris Dilli Sher Shahi, Shah Jehans Shahjehanabad, and Lutyens New Delhi. 2 INTACH listing identifies 35 categories
7-1
7. Hunting lodge complexes or Shikargahs, 8. Living settlements such as the historic Walled City with its traditional mohallas, and historic housing stock including havelis, kuchas, katras. 9. Urbanised historic villages or traditional settlements incorporated within the urban limits with traditional multiple-use bazaar spines, and Rural historic villages 10. The planned Garden city of New Delhi Not only are these heritage resources (including two World Heritage Sites, one World Monuments Watch Endangered Site and numerous traditional Dargah associated settlements which are vibrant centres of cultural and pilgrim significance) integral to defining the identity of Delhi, but they are also of immense historical, archaeological, architectural, functional, economic, recreational and educational value to the citizens of contemporary Delhi. 7.1.2 Potential for Community Based Regeneration and Heritage Tourism Almost all sections of the city are enriched by these heritage resources, with a concentration of specific heritage components being located in the walled city of Shahjehanabad and areas associated with the sites of the other historic capital cities such as Mehrauli, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad. Many of these significant heritage resources are located in fast-deteriorating historic urban areas and historic villages, and are threatened by over-use or inappropriate uses, property speculation, poverty of the inhabitants and inadequate infrastructure. However, their latent potential for macro-level city environmental improvement as well as community level economic regeneration through appropriate, participatory conservation and comprehensive heritage management plans and measures which include area-level conservation, adaptive reuse, visitor interpretation and cultural tourism is significant and should be taken into account by the CDP. 7.1.3 Ineffective conservation framework and lack of integration with the development planning process. Although there has been a concern for the preservation of the monuments of Delhi since the first systematic surveys and investigations were carried out in the late 19th century by the ASI, resulting in the identification of 106 monuments by Dr Rodgers, 269 monuments by Dr Vogel in 1902, and 1317 monuments, sites and buildings by Maulvi Zafar Hasan in 1911- 1916, for various reasons only 175 of these which were of Grade I were notified for protection as being of national significance (Ref. Appendix-1). By 2004, the number of monuments notified for protection by the ASI in the NCT of Delhi was reduced to 151+4, as some of the monuments were considered by the ASI to have lost their significance due to rapid urbanization, despite the provisions of the 1961 Master Plan for Delhi, and were under the process of
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being deprotected. The State Department of Archaeology of the GNCTD has protected only 20 monuments to date. Surveys and conservation initiatives by INTACH in the 80s and 90s3 revealed that out of the remaining 1142 historical monuments, sites and buildings identified by Maulvi Zafar Hasan in 1911-1916, which were considered to be of regional and local importance but were not protected, almost one third had been lost, indicating the lack of an effective conservation framework. 7.1.4 Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage Management for Delhi Necessity for Coordination and Convergence The existing institutional framework for protection, conservation and management of the heritage resources of Delhi, within the urban management framework, is characterized by administrative and technical sectorisation of responsibilities. As mentioned by both the Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), 2001 and the Draft MPD 2021, there is a clear necessity for coordination and convergence in conservation and formulation of locally based community development programmes which include upgradation, regeneration and provision of essential infrastructure in areas with a concentration of identified heritage resources. 7.1.5 Agencies involved with planning and implementation of heritage conservation and rehabilitation works, as well as continuing maintenance and management of heritage resources The primary agencies which are involved with conservation and management of the built heritage in Delhi are the following:
No 1 Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework Archaeological Survey of India Delhi Circle Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites Responsibilities Designation & protection of 151+4 monuments, archaeological sites and remains of National significance, ( reduced from 175/ 163 Reporting Structure Central Government organization under the Union Ministry of Culture Nodal officer:
INTACH Listing of Heritage Buildings of Delhi, 2000
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No
Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework and Remains Act, 1959 Notification issued in 1997 under Rule 32 of the Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959 UNESCO World Heritage Convention
Responsibilities designated in the original list)as well as the management of designated World Heritage Sites.4 The ASI also coordinates with local governments to prohibit, restrict and regulate development in the areas ( 100+200m buffer zones) demarcated around the protected area of each national monument. Two major heritage sites, the Qutb Complex and Humayuns Tomb Complex have been designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Reporting Structure Superintending Archaeologist, Delhi Circle. Overall Responsibility: Director General of the ASI, reporting to the Secretary, Culture (GoI)
GNCT Delhi Department of Archaeology & Museums Delhi Ancient and Historical Monuments and Sites and Remains Act 2005
DDA - Heritage Cell (Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation
Conservation, preservation and beautification of monuments other than those maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India; Survey, listing, documentation, Acquisition and protection of monuments; Archaeological explorations and excavations; Educational activities and bringing out departmental publications. Only 20 of more than 1300 historical monuments of different periods identified in Delhi, at present protected by Dept. of Archaeology(Website) Manages Museums of Archaeology and Delhi City, and has undertaken restoration works on privately owned monuments and historic buildings. Coordinates with local authorities to prohibit, restrict and regulate development in the areas (50 + 100m buffer zones) demarcated around the protected area of each state monument. Preparation of Master Plans, Zonal & Sub-Zonal Plans which take heritage conservation into
The Deputy Director of Archaeology is the Nodal Officer under the Director of Archaeology, reporting to the Secretary (Art & Culture), Delhi Government. Advisory committee under the chairmanship of Secretary (Art & Culture) proposed by the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, to advise and oversee the activities of conservation of monuments and other related activities of the department.
Ministry of Urban Development (GoI)
4 ASI is concerned with structural and chemical preservation of monuments and antiquities, excavation and exploration of archaeological sites and remains, epigraphy and publications on inscriptions and archaeology, giving advice to the Ministry of Culture on archaeological matters, horticultural operations around the protected monuments, maintenance of site museums etc.
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No
Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework notified in 1999 under a sub-section of the DDA Act) Number of provisions for conservation of the built heritage in its 15 Planning Zones5 in the Draft MPD 2021 as well as the Zonal Development Plan for the Walled City (Part Zone A and C approved 1999) Draft MPD 2021 mentions evelopment plans / schemes to conform to the amended Building Byelaws 1993, vide Clause 23 according to the chapter inserted on Conservation of Heritage Sites including Heritage Building, Heritage Precincts and Natural Feature Areas
Responsibilities account Draft MPD-2021 contains a conservation strategy that identifies six key Heritage Zones and three Archaeological Parks and also stipulates that while preparing layout plans, 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments as well as heritage buildings listed by the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, MCD and NDMC should be suitably incorporated. In case of major monuments it is necessary that surrounding areas should be identified in the layout/detail plan, and should have building controls in relation to height, material and spread of the monuments. Suggests that with the aim of framing policies and strategies for conservation, appropriate action plans and Special Development Plans may be prepared by all the agencies concerned with the protection of Delhis built heritage such as the ASI, GNCTD Department of Archaeology, MCD, NDMC, Cantonment Board and DDA. The DDA has formulated and financed the implementation of proposals for designated heritage resources with the assistance of INTACH and other organizations (MCD, DJB, DTTDC) Almost 75% of the built heritage listed by INTACH in 2000is situated in the Municipal Corporation of Delhi area,( which constitutes an urban area of 599.6 kms and rural area of 797.70 sq. kms subdivided into different zones6) It includes the Walled City of Shahjehanabad and extensions, a number of historic urban and rural villages
Reporting Structure Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation under the Director (--) who should be a qualified Architect, Conservation Architect or Landscape Architect.
MCD MCD Heritage Cell and MCD Heritage Society
The MCD reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs (GoI)
5 Planning Zones of DDA- Master Plan of Delhi / Sub Zonal/Area / Layout Plans: A Old City (1159 ha), B City Extension (2304 ha), C. Civil Lines (3959 ha), D. New Delhi (6855 ha), E. Trans-Yamuna (8797 ha), F. South Delhi I (11958 ha), G. West Delhi I (11865 ha), H. North West Delhi (5677 ha), I. South Delhi II (15178 ha.), J. West Delhi II (12056 ha), K. West Delhi III (22979 ha), L. North West Delhi II (8213 ha), M. North West Delhi III (15851 ha), N. River Yamuna (6081 ha), O. North Delhi ( 15707 ha) 6 MCD Zones 12 : 1. Civil Lines Zone ( 10 wards), 2. City Zone ( 8 wards), 3. Karol Bagh Zone (10 wards), 4. Najafgarh Zone (5 wards), 5. Narela Zone ( 4 wards), 6. New Delhi Zone (8 wards), 7. North West Zone (Rohini) (7 wards), 8. Sadar Paharganj Zone (13 wards), 9. Shahadara (north) Zone (8 wards), 10. Shahadara (south) Zone ( 4 wards), 11. South Zone (9 wards), 12. West Zone (10 wards)
7-5
No
Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework MCD Heritage Society set up under an Office Order as a specialist advisory body.
Responsibilities as well as historic buildings and complexes. The Municipal Commissioner is Chairman of the MCD Heritage Society, heritage advisory board has been appointed, including the Chief Town Planner and conservation experts for the heritage programme which is to be taken up for the Walled City area. List of heritage resources under the purview of the MCD compiled with the assistance of INTACH Delhi Chapter & Wilsons survey drawings of Shahjehanabad being updated to have an accurate base for formulation of recommendations for the conservation and revitalization of the Walled City. MCD, in association with the ASI, Delhi Circle, and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology is demarcating the properties located within the 100 (50m) m prohibited area and the 200 (100m) m regulated area surrounding or contiguous with protected monuments of National (State) Importance in MCD areas. The 42.74 sq. km area under the New Delhi Municipal Council includes the planned city of New Delhi established in 1911. The NDMC area or New Delhi Zone has a total of 304 heritage buildings and complexes identified by the INTACH 2000 (Appendix 2 & 3) List of Historic Buildings of Delhi, as well the Connaught Place area, the Central Vista, New Delhi Bungalow Zone and also the Lodhi Gardens and the Delhi Golf Club which have been identified as Conservation Areas in the INTACH 2000 List. DUAC advises on preserving and developing the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi. Guides the local body on any project or development proposal which affects the skyline or the aesthetic quality of the
Reporting Structure
MCD has recently constituted a Heritage Society.
NDMC
NDMC reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI NDMC Chief Architect is responsible for heritage conservation activities of NDMC
Delhi Urban Arts Commission - DUAC Set up by an Act of Parliament, under the Delhi Urban Arts Commission Act of 1973
The Delhi Urban Arts Commission consists of a body of experts and reports to the Ministry of Urban Development.
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No
Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework
Responsibilities surroundings and redevelopment in the vicinity of historical areas and conservation, preservation and beautification of monumental buildings, public parks and public gardens. The DUAC had a restricted advisory role with powers of rejection of non-conforming projects. Responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of government owned historic buildings in Delhi. Heritage resources of great significance such as the Rashtrapati Bavan, Secretariat Buildings, Parliament House and Central Vista as well as the architecturally significant historic bungalows and other buildings located within the New Delhi zone. Responsible for over 72,000 original drawings prepared by Lutyens and other architects for buildings within the New Delhi area. DCB regulates development in the Cantonment Area, an area of 42.97 sq.kms. located between the airport and the NDMC area, within which features such as the Cantonment low density bungalow layout with extensive gardens, heritage buildings associated with the Armed Forces, and components such as Gopinath Bazaar and St. Martins Garrison church are considered to be of significance. The Cantonment Area has been proposed as a Conservation Area by INTACH in the 2000 List. HCC to be consulted by the Commissioner, MCD; ViceChairman, DDA; Chairman, NDMC before granting permission for any development, redevelopment, engineering operations, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations, demolition of any part of any listed building, listed precincts or listed natural areas. The DTTDC has sponsored and undertaken proposals for tourism development in various heritage
Reporting Structure
CPWD
The Central Public Works Department reports to the Ministry of Urban Development
Delhi Board
Cantonment
Delhi Cantonment Board reports to the Ministry of Defence. The Military Engineering Services is concerned with the upkeep and maintenance of historic buildings in this area.
Heritage Conservation Committee HCC Established by an order of the High Court to ensure implementation of Clause 23.16 of the Unified Building Byelaws DTTDC Incorporated in 1979 (name changed to
HCC reports to the MoUD under the High Court order. Associated with the DUAC.
10
An undertaking GNCTD
of
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No
Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework DTTDC in 1989)
Responsibilities sites and urban villages in collaboration with the ASI, INTACH, MCD & DDA, including conservation and restoration works in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park. The Waqf Board is one of the most important property owners in the historically significant areas such as Shahjehanabad and various villages. In Delhi, the Waqf properties included 774 mosques, 19 Idgahs, 246 Dargahs, tombs and Khanquahs, Karbala, extensive historic graveyards associated with large open, green areas, and numerous commercial and residential properties with some commercial properties rented out for generating revenue (totalling approx.1900 properties determined through a careful resurvey process according to the legal counsel for the Waqf Board).
Reporting Structure
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Delhi Waqf Board established under the Waqf Act, 1954, is governed by the more comprehensive 1995 Waqf Act.
Seven members, three of whom are elected representatives and four who are appointed by the GNCTD.
Other agencies which are involved with sectors which are intrinsically linked with the heritage resources in the case of Delhi are the following:
No 1 Name of Agency & Regulatory Framework Forest Department Responsibilities Responsible for the ridge forest associated with the extension of the Aravalli Hills known as the Ridge, within which are located significant historic resources of Delhi. - 6200 ha. of the Southern Ridge, 626 ha. of the Southcentral ridge where Mehrauli is located, 864 ha. of the Central or New Delhi ridge within which historic shikargahs, gardens and bunds are located and the 87 ha. of the Northern or Old Delhi Ridge associated with Delhi University, Civil Lines and numerous heritage resources from the Tughlaq and later British period . Likely impact on both the unexcavated archaeological heritage and significant heritage sites in South Delhi. Final route decided in consultation with the ASI Also likely to provide Reporting Structure The GNCTD Forest Department, DDA, NDMC, CPWD, L&DO (Land and Development Office) of the Ministry of Urban Development control different parts, or different functions, on the Ridge. This has lead to construction and encroachment on the Ridge.
Delhi Metro Transit System
Rail
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No
Name of Agency & Regulatory Framework
Responsibilities improved access to certain heritage sites, beneficial for viability of certain cultural tourism circuits. Special emphasis on integrated tourism development and heritage conservation and management in the Region. Proposes to employ the instrument of the Town & Country Planning Legislation to protect the area around identified heritage resources.
Reporting Structure
National Capital Region Planning Board The Draft Regional Plan 2021 for the National Capital Region prepared by the NCR Planning Board
NCR Planning Board under the Ministry of Urban Development
Non-Governmental organizations and Citizens organizations which have been engaged with conservation initiatives, either independently or in coordination with other Government agencies are the following:
No 1 Name of Organisation & Regulatory Framework Pani Morcha Responsibilities Concerned with water resource management in Delhi - actively working in close coordination with INTACH & Tapas in identification of the traditional components of the historic water harvesting and storage system in Delhi, identified numerous historic tanks, baolis, village ponds and water bodies, bunds, sluice gates with a potential for revival and reintegration into the contemporary city. Involved with identification and conservation of heritage components not in the purview of the ASI and not formally protected by the Delhi Department of Archaeology. INTACH has prepared a List of Heritage Buildings in Delhi, published in 2000, and, while functioning as an active pressure group, has also worked on conservation and restoration of many heritage resources in the city, especially in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park and the Walled City in coordination with the DDA, MCD & DTTDC. Consultants associated with INTACH have formulated guidelines for integration of heritage within the JNNURM City Development Plans. Reporting Structure NGO
INTACH
Nodal quasiautonomous NGO
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No 3
Name of Organisation & Regulatory Framework The Church of North India
Responsibilities Responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of numerous significant historic properties, primarily including important Church complexes, gardens and historic educational institutions and schools which have been identified in the INTACH 2000 Listing of Delhi. Many of the colleges in the North Campus of Delhi University, which were established on the site of the old Cantonment, have been designated as significant heritage resources including the old Viceregal Lodge (Currently the DU Office), Gwyer Hall, St Stephens College campus etc. The Aga Khan Foundation for Culture, as a part of the Aga Khan Development Network, is concerned with contemporary design, social housing, community improvement and development, restoration, reuse and area conservation as well as landscape design and improvement of the environment.
Reporting Structure
Delhi University
Recently undertaken conservation and upgradation works through grants from the GNCTD.
Aga Khan Foundation for Culture
This organization recently completed a regeneration project for the Gardens of Humayuns Tomb a World Heritage Site, and is currently interested in sponsoring ongoing initiatives for the Humayuns Tomb Hazrat Nizamuddin Conservation Area, in conjunction with the ASI and other agencies.
Resident Welfare Associations in heritage areas
Local Residents Associations in areas such as Hauz Khas, Mehrauli, Nizamuddin, Aliganj etc. which have a high concentration of significant heritage resources, have an important role to play in the routine maintenance and upkeep of the areas around the protected areas of monuments, as well as unprotected heritage resources in their localities.
7.1.6 Necessity for Integrated Conservation & Heritage Management Area level conservation, Heritage Zones and Archaeological Parks The INTACH report on the Listing of the Built Heritage of Delhi, published in 2000, which also included heritage resources associated with the period between 1911-1947, buildings in New Delhi and the Cantonment, as well as 19th
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century residential buildings not identified by the 1911 survey, listed a total of 1203 monuments, sites and buildings, including the 151+ 4 protected by the ASI. Conservation Zones In consonance with the international (UNESCO) normative framework for integrated conservation and heritage management, there has been a shift in focus from individual monuments, with recent efforts encompassing the entire Walled City, Archaeological Parks and other heritage Conservation Zones delineated around traditional settlements such as Hazrat Nizamuddin. Earlier reports and the 2000 INTACH Listing have identified 26 proposed Conservation Areas or areas with a concentration of heritage resources in Delhi. DDA Control Zones The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City (Part Zones A & C) , approved 1999, identifies 5 control zones as Conservation Areas, as well as urban design interest areas, protected monuments and other buildings for conservation, and also suggests the preparation of area by area urban renewal plans. Draft MPD 2021 Provisions for Conservation The Draft MPD 2021, in its section 10 on Conservation of Built Heritage mentions 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments, as well as lists of heritage buildings published by the MCD, NDMC and the State Department of Archaeology. The Draft MPD-2021 also identifies 6 Heritage Zones, including the entire Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. It states that each local body / land owning agency should formulate Special Development Plans for the conservation and improvement of listed heritage complexes and zones. Necessity for a common heritage Database (Inventory of Heritage Resources) However, to date, there is still no comprehensive, reliable database, GIS or Cultural Resource Information System for heritage resources of Delhi, used by all the agencies concerned with heritage conservation, which distinguishes between heritage resources which are of global, national, city-level and local significance and which indicates their exact location and legal boundaries on maps to a scale appropriate for preparation and implementation of local area plans, including heritage management and regeneration plans. 7.2 INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI Systematic process of identification and delineation of heritage resources One of the primary requirements for integration of the heritage resources into the city development process (as recognized in the Draft MPD 2021 as well as by agencies such as the MCD, ASI & GNCT Delhi Department of Archaeology ) is a systematic process of identification and delineation on
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correct and updated maps (Master Plan Level/ Zonal Level / Area Level) of all heritage resources - components of heritage significance of Delhi ( sites, structures, monuments, conservation areas, precincts, historic urbanised villages and water management systems). Compilation and verification of inventories This involves the compilation of inventories of heritage resources prepared by various agencies over the past 20 years, updating of that information, correlation of authentic statistical data and preparation of maps at appropriate scales which are adequate for formulation of comprehensive conservation and heritage management plans for the areas within which these heritage resources are located. In the case of monuments, buildings and sites protected by the ASI and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, it is further necessary to precisely demarcate the extent and exact legal boundaries of the designated Protected Area, as well as the properties within the Prohibited Area and the Regulated Area surrounding the monuments/ complexes of National or State Importance. An inventory of the monuments protected by the ASI (151) and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology (20) is given in Appendix (1) together with a map indicating their location within Delhi. In addition heritage resources listed by other organizations and agencies are given, and indicated on the map. Distribution of Heritage resources in various zones It is seen from an analysis of the distribution of the 1203 heritage resources (not including the 26 identified conservation areas) in the inventory compiled by INTACH (2000) that the historic Walled City of Shahjehanabad in Zone A has 231 identified heritage buildings (reduced from the 411 identified by Zafar Hasans survey for the ASI in 1913). The DDA Zonal Development Plan for the Walled City (Part Zone A & Zone C) however has taken into account the heritage resources as per the earlier survey. In the case of Zone B, 17 heritage buildings and complexes had been listed by INTACH in the 2000 Report, in Zone C 143 were listed, in Zone D (including the NDMC area) 304 historic buildings were listed, in Zone F 465 historic buildings were listed, while in Zone G 35 historic buildings were listed and in Zone H 8 buildings were listed.
INVENTORY HERITAGE RESOURCES IN DDA ZONES TOTAL ASI INTACH-HCC provisional INTACHReport 2000 GNCTD Arch.Dept. 1911-1916 Survey 151 +4 1203 20 1317 411 207 231 15 17 103 143 79 304 338 465 29 35 4 8 A B C D NDMC F G H
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Within the Walled City as well as within historic traditional settlements and urban villages such as Hazrat Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki, Mehrauli etc. which have been identified as Conservation Areas, in addition to the identified heritage resources, there are numerous vernacular residential structures, traditional havelis and other elements which contribute to the distinctive urbanscapes of sections of these areas. Although the number of historic buildings in the rural and recently urbanized areas to the north and north-west is small, these zones contain extremely important heritage typologies such as the Shikargah at Jaunti village and the Minar and HathiKhana at Hastsal (both of the Shahjehani period), which also present valuable opportunities for linking conservation and provision of essential community amenities and infrastructure.
DDA Zonal Development Plan of the Walled City of Shahjehanabad indicating boundaries of 15 Sub-Zones of Zone A and 1 Sub-Zone of Zone C
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7.3
WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS
7.3.1 Development Pattern Founded in 1639-1648 CE, the site chosen for Shahjehans planned capital city was an elevated area overlooking the river Yamuna, near the existing fort of Salimgarh, and encompassing within it significant components of the earlier city of Firozabad. The great enclosure wall, 27 feet high, 12 feet thick and 3.8 miles long, constructed during the years 1651-1658, encompassed an area of 569 ha., with 10 large gates and numerous smaller ones located at the ends of the principal urban arteries, and supported a population of 60,000. Bhujla Pahari, which was located near the centre of the walled city was used as the site for the Jama Masjid, with an area of lower ground between the Jama Masjid and the citadel, the Red Fort. Significant heritage typologies and transformations There were two main Bazaar thoroughfares the Chandni Chowk from the Lahori Gate of the Fort to the Fatehpuri Masjid, and the Faiz Bazaar. Over a period of time, other specialized markets, urban gardens, canals, sarais, havelis, residential mohallas, kuchas, katras, for different crafts communities, 202 mosques of which 200 were built between 1639 and 1857,(including Begumi-Amiri and Mohalla mosques), dargahs, khanquahs and other religious structures were constructed, and the heritage resources of this period still characterize most areas of the walled city. Changes were brought by the British in two phases between 1803-1857 when the palaces of Dara Shikoh and Ali Mardan Khan in the Kasmere Gate Area were used for the Residency, military barracks and the magazine, and after 1857 when the railway was introduced into the city, clearing a wide area through the northern part of the city from east to west, and replacing the sarai of Jehanara Begum on Chandni Chowk by the Town Hall. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries extensive construction and densification of the city took place, with disintegration of the traditional social ecology, increasing commercialization and associated congestion and degradation of the environment. 7.3.2 Existing Situation According to the DDA Zonal plan, the population of the Walled City increased to saturation point in 1961, after which there has been large scale infill by commercial uses replacing residential uses and the total work force working in different sectors is estimated to be 4.0 lakhs. The Walled City comprises of 16 subClient: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
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zones, 15 of which are part of Zone A and one sub-zone is part of Zone-C. The area of the sub-zones varies from 14.4 ha. to 76.6 ha (Refer Table below). The population of the walled city is gradually reducing, with a reduction of about 50,000 persons in the decade between 1981-91. This reduction in population has been attributed to a decrease in residential area, with some of the subzones having as low as 12% of the area under residential use. Heritage Resources Traditional housing and Conservation Areas About 80% of the total housing stock is traditional housing (katras, kuchas), with some densely populated areas with net densities of about 4400 PPH. Commercial establishments have increased by 700% in two decades, with some noxious industries and hazardous trades existing within the densely built-up area. Different areas of the walled city have a dense concentration of various types of heritage resources, traditional housing and urbanscapes associated with important roads and mohallas where the traditional character still exists. These were identified in the ASI Survey of 1911-16 (411 historical monuments/ sites/ buildings)and later by INTACH.2000 (231 historical monuments/ sites/ buildings). The Zonal Development Plan (1999) has identified 15 junctions, chowks, nodal areas and 17 streets, galis, bazaars and chattas which retain their traditional character as Control Zones, as well as 5 other control zones as Conservation Areas.
Sub Zone A-13 A-14 A-15 A-16 A-17 A-18 A-19 A-20 A-21 Area (ha.) 27.1 23.9 37.9 27.8 28.3 14.4 23.6 52.5 22.1 Locality Kucha Pati Ram Chitli Qabar Matia Mahal & Pataudi House Churi Walan, Sita Ram Bazaar Farrash Khana, Lal Kuan Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Tilak Bazaar, Baradari, Peeli Kothi Daryaganj, Ansari Road Jama Masjid, Netaji Subash Park Ballimaran, Charkhey Walan Maliwara, Kinari Bazaar Katra Neel, Town Heritage Resources 22 listed buildings + traditional buildings 14 listed buildings + traditional buildings 14 listed buildings + traditional buildings 11 listed buildings + traditional buildings 21 listed buildings + traditional buildings 10 listed buildings + traditional buildings 7 listed buildings + traditional buildings 21 listed buildings + traditional buildings 4 protected/ listed buildings and spaces+ traditional buildings 16 listed buildings + traditional buildings 27 significant listed buildings and spaces + traditional buildings 33 significant listed Population 1991 Census 38873 38133 43271 41730 38323 18740 12615 10091 Population MPD-2001 Projected 23100 16040 20670 23400 20160 9400 8800 44500 -
A-22 A-23
35.4 35.9
41468 31498
18390 5700
A-24
33.6
8806
7800
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Sub Zone
Area (ha.)
Locality Hall, Gandhi Ground Lajpat Rai Market, Bhagirath Place Red Fort, SalimGarh Fort Railway Station, Railway Yard Ram Bazaar, Kashmere Gate, GPO
Heritage Resources buildings and spaces + traditional bldgs. 7 listed buildings + traditional buildings ASI protected site of potential WH significance Railway station and hotels to the south 23 listed/protected buildings + traditional buildings
Population 1991 Census 4383 4726 798 21704 3,50,159
Population MPD-2001 Projected 5200 32000 2,35,160
A-25 A-26 A-28 C-1
21.1 76.7 46.4 62.3
DDA Zonal Development Plan for Walled City of Shahjehanabad indicating location of monuments identified by ASI 1911-16 Survey
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7.3.3 Priorities for Heritage Management in Shahjehanabad Walled City Necessity for formulation of heritage management plans for heritage zones The necessity for conservation and heritage management within the Walled City area of Shahjehanabad has been recognized in the Zonal Development Plan to some extent (control zones for Conservation areas, streets and chowks/nodal points were identified), as well as in the draft MPD 2021 which designates the entire Walled City as one of the Conservation Areas of Delhi. However, the present boundaries of the planning sub-zones within the Zones A & C do not follow the traditional boundaries of the mohallas, bazaars and neighbourhoods, leading to situations where streets such as the Chandni Chowk fall into two zones. Rationalisation of the boundaries based on the heritage typologies, concentration of heritage resources, coherence of the area and issues related to land uses and community needs in the various areas is required in order to formulate the special development plans for designated heritage zones. Detailed identification of the components of the traditional housing stock and individual historic havelis, katras, kuchas and mohallas, and demarcation on area level maps, together with an indication of their value as a heritage resource is required. A framework for integrated heritage management of the Red Fort and the Walled city of Shahjehanabad as a whole, which is linked with community development, regeneration, crafts development and potential cultural tourism activities is required.
Strategies linking infrastructure upgradation, appropriate adaptive reuse, provision of essential community facilities and economic regeneration Area Level Infrastructure inadequacies have been identified to some extent in the Zonal Development Plan, but upgradation and infrastructure retro-fitting requirements which take into account the value of the heritage resources at the area level need to be identified. Water supply and sewerage connections should be compulsory, and lines will require augumentation. Social infrastructure requirements could be partially met by appropriate adaptive reuse and conservation of heritage properties. Although about 3,500 evacuee properties/ Katras (under the Custodian of Evacuee Property) have been mentioned as being controlled by the Slum Department in the Zonal Development Plan, it is observed that some of these properties of heritage value such as the Haveli Ahsanullah Khan at Hauz Qazi have been retrieved by their owners. The Zonal Development Plan suggests that in the action plans, redevelopment in the conservation manner i.e. property by property be undertaken. Three categories of these properties have been identified , including Government Owned dangerous Katras/ evacuee properties, Government Owned other than dangerous Katras/ evacuee properties, Privately Owned Katras/ evacuee properties, for which different mechanisms are suggested. It is necessary to ensure that the heritage value of these properties is taken into account when deciding upon conservation priorities and appropriate courses of action for rehabilitation. 7-17
Recent heritage management initiatives for landmark bank buildings Identification of mechanisms to ensure linkages between appropriate adaptive reuse and reutilization of selected heritage buildings for provision of community infrastructure, facilities and amenities for cultural tourism.7
7.4
HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES
7.4.1 Development Pattern Urban Villages are traditional rural settlements which have been changed and merged with urban areas or villages which have been incorporated over time into the urban limits of the present city of Delhi. They are a basic feature of the present complex urban structure and include within their limits a large proportion of the heritage resources associated with the many earlier cities of Delhi, encompassing both vernacular residential and community structures, as well as religious buildings and historic monuments. Even among themselves, they display varied characteristics depending on their location, inhabitants, their historical role and relationship to the city. The cultural, educational and economic significance of these villages is due to the fact that many of these villages include historical elements dating back at least 900 years, some are outstanding examples of the traditional village pattern, while others retain the spirit of a past way of life which has disappeared from other parts of the city. In addition, they are areas of immense use value as they served as reception areas for low income migrants and augmented the housing stock of the city. Heritage Resources Conservation Zones The number of urban villages is currently 135, having increased from 47 in 1951. Out of these, urban villages such as Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki, Sarai Shahji, Begumpur, Kalu Sarai, Kalkaji, Shaikh Sarai, Ardhchini, Saidulajaib, Mehrauli, Hauz Khas, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad have a major concentration of heritage resources. Within these settlements, at the time of incorporation within the urban limits, the land earmarked for village settlements including land for houses and common needs of the villagers, encompassing the Abadi area was shown in red ink and known as the Lal Dora. This area, in the past, has been exempt from municipal byelaws and restrictions, leading to very high densities, incompatible land uses and the location of noxious and hazardous industries within the settlement. Most of these urban villages which have a concentration of heritage resources are included within the Conservation Zones identified by INTACH and are also on certain heritage tourism itineraries. 7.4.2 Development Requirements Issues, potential and threats
7 For example, Educational institutions such as Senior Secondary schools are sufficient in number but deficient in space and historic derelict buildings could be used to provide facilities; area is deficient in health facilities, many of the existing historic buildings which already accommodate traditional dispensaries these could be upgraded, in addition to proposed densification of the Engineering College area Railway land due to shifting of the goods yards.
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Historic urban villages, with their distinctive settlement pattern, range of traditional residential typologies and havelis and heritage resources such as the vibrant religious and cultural complexes of the sufi Dargahs of Delhi in Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Mehrauli, Ardhchini etc. and a range of protected monuments, sites and remains of National Importance are threatened today by increasing over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate construction primarily to cater to the demand for low-income rental housing for migrants, encroachments and inappropriate uses. Construction of this type, detrimental to the environment of these historic urban villages due to increased infrastructural stresses, incompatible in both use and scale, encroaches upon and overpowers, almost engulfing the significant heritage resources and way of life of the traditional settlement with its great potential for heritage tourism. 7.4.3 Strategies for economic regeneration, participatory conservation and environmental improvement Locally based, site specific, participatory integrated conservation and management programmes for these heritage areas, with a major infrastructure upgradation and historic building rehabilitation component, are required. Possibilities for economic regeneration through comprehensive conservation of heritage resources, supporting and stimulating cottage industries and handicrafts need to be looked into, and programmes based on the linkages between poverty alleviation and holistic environmental improvement and conservation and rehabilitation efforts developed. These detailed community based programmes need to be formulated with the objective of regeneration and conservation of these historic urban villages, focusing and building upon the contribution of these villages to the distinctive identity of the part of the city in which they are located, and should suggest specific strategies to utilise their potential as part of thematic heritage tourism circuits, and to ensure that revenue generated through heritage tourism is utilised for the environmental upgradation of the historic urban village and the benefit of the community. 7.5 HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES A number of historic villages, located in the rural areas, which still retain their traditional agriculture based functions and settlement patterns contain a number of significant heritage resources in the form of Shikargahs or extensive Tughlaq and Mughal Period Hunting Palace complexes , water reservoirs etc. The conservation, provision of essential infrastructure and adaptive reuse of areas associated with these heritage complexes, such as the Shikargah in Jaunti village could be of great potential for heritage tourism, provision of community facilities as well as generation and diversification of employment opportunities for the local community through conservation.
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7.6
HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Components of the historic & traditional water management systems of the city such as the bunds, sluices, reservoirs, baolis, tanks, village have been identified as still having the potential to supplement the citys water resources through water harvesting as well as playing a significant role in groundwater recharge in the part of the city in which they are located. These heritage resources, such as the Ugrasens Baoli in Connaught Place, the Baoli in Nizamuddin, the Jharna and Hauz Shamsi in Mehrauli, the HauzKhas tank associated with the FirozShah Tughlaqs tomb etc., are vital community, functional, recreational and educational resources. Some of the larger reservoirs, such as the waterbody associated with the Shikargah or Hunting Palace at Jaunti; the Bund and the Baoli associated with Talkatora Garden; etc. are of ecological value and some have considerable potential for heritage tourism as part of a Rural Tourism circuit. Most of these water bodies and components of the historic water management systems of Delhi are required to be conserved under a ruling of the High Court.
7.7
LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES
7.7.1 Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and sites: 1. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 and the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959 amended 1997 to provide for Prohibited and Regulated Areas around monuments of National Importance. 2. Delhi Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 2004 7.7.2 Other provisions for conservation and heritage management 1. Other related legislation, regulations, bye-laws and policies - Building byelaws 1993, amended vide clause 23 Chapter on Conservation of Heritage Sites including Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and Natural Feature Areas. 2. Delhi Urban Arts Commission Act 3. Waqf Act of 1995 4. Draft Master Plan for Delhi provisions for conservation of the built heritage, including Conservation Areas and Archaeological Parks 5. Area specific proposals for conservation guidelines by CPWD, NDMC and MCD 7.8 EMERGING TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES (i) Technical 1. Loss of heritage resources and need for a Cultural Resource Information System to ensure coordinated conservation efforts.
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The magnitude of the recent losses of the heritage resources of the city (12 of the 163 ASI protected monuments, buildings and remains of National Importance, and almost one third of the heritage buildings and structures of regional and state significance listed in the 1911-16 ASI survey have been demolished or lost - out of the 151+4 monuments currently protected by the ASI8, 14 are under encroachment and proceedings are on in the High Court to ensure that they are cleared) due to urbanisation and development pressures, requires the preparation of a comprehensive database and identification and demarcation of the location, extent, legal boundaries of heritage resources as well as the Prohibited and Regulated areas on maps in a comprehensive manner ( Cultural Resource Information System) to be utilised by all the agencies concerned with development ; Among the conservation related objectives identified by the the Draft MPD 2021 for which close coordination and cooperation is required from agencies such as the ASI, GNCTD State Department of Archaeology, NDMC, MCD, Cantonment Board and DDA, two essential ones are related to: Maintaining and updating a heritage database, defining all applicable terms and Listing of Heritage Buildings based on appropriate criteria. of cultural
2. Strategies for utilisation of Heritage Tourism potential resources
Planning for heritage tourism linked to the citys vast range of heritage resources for environmental and community benefits should be developed within an appropriate conservation and heritage management framework, with provision of adequate safeguards and according to the International Charters for Cultural Tourism; Identification of thematic cultural tourism circuits within Delhi which could include Rural tourism, Pilgrim circuits as well as programmes for Heritage festivals linked with the heritage resources of the city and its traditional festivals and celebrations, and the identification and designation of a category of Heritage hotels associated with certain typologies of heritage resources in Delhi. This could be linked with the Draft MPD2021 objective of implementing programmes for education and awareness 3. Strategies for Adaptive re-use, upgradation, and provision of infrastructure in Heritage Conservation Areas and Historic Urban Villages should be developed within the heritage management framework; 4. Preparation of Heritage management Plans & Detailed Conservation Plans should be urgently undertaken for the identified heritage resources by qualified conservation professionals. This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective of developing organizational capacity for heritage management.
8 The total number of monuments was 175, later reduced to 163. Out of these, a number of monuments have been delisted and others recently notified.8.of National Importance in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, under the administrative control of the Delhi Circle of the Archeological Survey of India, as entered in the original list
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5. Conservation guidelines and Special Development regulations should be formulated for areas associated with protected monuments, sites and buildings as well as for other areas with a concentration of heritage resources; All development plans for areas in close proximity to World Heritage Sites, even if they are beyond the official 100m Prohibited Area + 200m Regulated Area require a process of impact assessment on the heritage. This should be mandatory, so that long term and cumulative impacts are mitigated, valuable heritage resources are not lost but utlised for the benefit of the community and for improvement of the environment and quality of life in heritage areas, and visual corridors are also retained and not obstructed. This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective for preparation of guidelines for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage buildings 6. Integration of certain heritage resources of Delhi with the proposed Greenways project to strengthen traditional linkages between the cultural and natural resources of Delhi. (ii) Managerial 1. Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action. 2. Issues related to derelict/ encroached/ evacuee properties 3. Effective implementation of Heritage management Plans & Conservation Plans The DUEIIP, 2001 had stated that the primary cultural heritage assets would be the responsibility of the ASI and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, and that GNCTD Department of Archaeology had been identified in association with the DDA, MCD and NGOs as the executive agency for the formulation of an action plan to demonstrate the utilization of cultural heritage conservation as a catalyst for comprehensive community environmental upgrading and regeneration. The primary objectives of this were envisaged as a process of community self regeneration through cultural heritage area conservation and rehabilitation. The project was intended to expand and accelerate conservation efforts, build and consolidate private-public partnerships (including the tourism industry), and use the rehabilitation process to alleviate poverty and mitigate negative environmental impacts. (iii) Financial Currently, funds earmarked for conservation of heritage resources are woefully inadequate, and mechanisms are required whereby a small percentage of property tax, as well revenues generated from tourism could be utilized for restoration, comprehensive conservation and heritage management initiatives. Mobilisation of adequate resources for effective conservation and heritage management requires to be linked with processes of economic regeneration.
7-22
(Possible models could include the Main Street programmes which were effective for revitalisation for small towns in the US) Incentives for conservation could be given in the following manner: o o o o o Financial by direct grant to the owner of the heritage resource from the Central/State government/Heritage Organisations Providing the building owner access to credit, and Tax relief or concessions to the building owner Cross- subsidies and provisions for Cessed buildings Incentives and mechanisms such as TDR for heritage buildings. Direct action by the authorities through upgrading of infrastructure and through the acquisition, restoration and maintenance of buildings for provision of essential community facilities
Encouragement from the public authority through setting up of Building Centres for assisting locals in conservation and appropriate rehabilitation activities as well as formulation of community based heritage management plans in a participatory manner. Delhi Government has proposed certain initiatives to encourage Public-Private Partnerships in the heritage conservation and management sector. There are proposals to involve Business organisations, N.G.Os, Residential Welfare Associations, Public Sector Undertakings and Government departments to maintain monuments under specific guidelines under the supervision of the Department of Archaeology.
7-23
MAP-1
7-24
Appendix
APPENDIX-1
MONUMENTS, SITES & BUILDINGS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE PROTECTED BY THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
DELISTED Old/ New No. 1/ 43 2/ 2/ 44 3/ 45 4/ 12 5/ 10 6/ 11 7/ 00 8/ 47 9/ 00 10/ 48 11/49 12/01 13/ 13/00 14/ 02 15/ 00 16/ 19 17/ 20 18/ 03 WORLD HERITAGE SITES ENCROACHED Location Adchini Adchini Aliganj Babarpur (Kaka Nagar) Babarpur Bazipur (Kakanagar) Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka Nagar) Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka Nagar) Begampur Chaukri Mubarakabad Chirag Delhi -doBazar Ajmeri Gate Delhi-Alipur Camping group. Ferozabad(Ferozshah Kila or Vikram Nagar Colony) Imperial City Ridge near Hindura Hospital Kishanaganj Railway Stn. Red fort
Name of Monument Bastion, where a wall of Jahan panah meets the wall of Rai Pithora fort. Ramp and gateway of Rai Pithora's Fort Marble Tomb reputed to be that of Newab BahadurJawid Khan Lal Bangla Khair-ul-Manzil Kos Minar or Mughal Mile stone The Moti Gate of Shershah, Delhi Begampuri Masjid Phool Chadar aquduct near Najafgarh Jhil aquduct Lal Gumbad Tomb of Bahlol Lodi Ajmeri Gate Alipur Cemetery Ashoka'a pillar Bara Khamba Cemetry Chauburji Eremo Cementry Delhi fort or Lal Qila, Naubat Khana, Diwan-i-am, Mumtaz Mahal' Rang Mahal, Baithak,Maseu Burj, diwan-i-Khas' Moti Masjid, sawan Bhadon ,Shah Burj, Hammam with all surrounding including the gardens, paths, terraces and water courses. Delhi Gate Enclosure containing the grave of Lt. Edwards and others, murdered in 1857. Enclosure wall with Tomb of Najaf Khan Flag Staff Tower Jantar Mantar
19/ 04 20/ 21 21/ 50 22/ 22 23/ 13
Daryaganj North Ridge near flag Staff tower, Civil Lines. Safdarjang Fly over 400 yards North of Cheuburji Mosque Connaught place
A-1
Appendix
Old/ New No. 24/ 37
Name of Monument Kashmeri Gate and portion of the City Wall on either side of the Kashmeri Gate on the side and on the other upto andiincluding the water Bastions at the Northern corner of the wall and also including the dith outside the City wall where this is exposed.
Location Kashmeri Gate
25/ 05
Kotla Ferozabad with the remaining walls, bastions and gateways and gardens, the old Mosque, and well and all other ruins buildings it contains. Lal Darwaza, the northern gate of the outer walls of the Delhi of Shershah. Lothian Road Cemetery The Mosque Mutiny telegraph Memorial Nicholson (Or Kashmeri Gate) Cemetery Nicholson statue and its platform and the surrounding gardens paths and enclosure wall. Old Baoli immediately to the west of Hindu Rao's House. The Old Entrance Gateway of the Garden. The Pirghaib to the north and near Hindu Rao's House Portion of City wall near which Brij Jahn Nicholson was mortally Wounded on 14th Sept. , 1857. The Punjabi gate in the Roshanara bagh Purana Quila (Inderpat) or Delhi With all its walls Arcades, gateways and Bastions, gardens, the Mosque of Sher Shah (Kila Kohna Masjid). The Sher Mandala and entrances to Subteranean passages. Rajpur (Mutiny cemetery) The remaining gateways of the old Magazira with their adjoining buildings. Sher Shah's gate with the adjoinining curon walls and Bastions and the remains of the double line of structure to its front Site of Siege battery Known as the Sammy House Battery bearing the following Inscriptions Battery , Sammy house, Major Remington Tank, RA Commanding armament 89 pounds. To command ground near Mori Bastion. Site of siege Battery with inscription.
26/ 06 27/ 23 28/ 24 29/ 25 30/ 26 31/ 00 32/ 27 33/ 28 34/ 29 35/ 30
Two furlangs east of jail and three furlangs due south of S.E. Corner of Shahjahanabad, Delhi. Three furlang due south of Delhi Gate, Kashmeri Gate Qudsia Garden In front of Old Telegraph Building, Kashmeri Gate, Kashmeri Gate Outside Kashmeri Gate On the ridge, Delhi Qudsia Delhi On the ridge , Delhi On the ridge , Delhi
36/ 31 37/ 51
Opposite Municipal Board school, Subji Mandi Two miles south of the Delhi Gate of Shahjahanabad, Delhi Old Rajpur Cantonment, North Distt. The post office , Delhi
38/ 32 39/ 33
40/ 14
41/ 34
Opposite Purana Qila immediately Northeast of the Khairul Manazil Mosque 300 Yards East of mutiny memorial
41/ 34, 42/ 34
East of the Hospital in
A-2
Appendix
Old/ New No. 43/ 34 44/ 34 45/ 34 46/ 07 47/ 00 48/ 49/ 50/ 51/ 08 35 09 15
Name of Monument Site of siege Battery with inscription Site of siege Battery with inscription. Site of siege Battery with inscription. Sunehri Masjid near Delhi Fort Tomb of Capt. Mac. Barnatt & others who fall in an attack on Kishanganj. Tomb of Ghaziuddin Khan, Tomb of Roshanara & Baradari Tomb of Razia Begum in Mohalla Bulbuli Khana Tomb of Safdarjang (Mirza Muqim Mansur Ali Khan) with all the enclosure walls, gateways, gardens and the mosque on the eastern side of the garden. Tripolia Gateways Uggar Sain's Baoli Tomb of Darya Khan Baoli at Ghiaspur Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Chota Batasha No. 153, Ghiaspur Tomb of Amir Khusro, Ghiaspur Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Bara Batasha No. 151 Ghiaspur Tomb of Nizamuddin Aulia, Ghiaspur No. 197 Unknown tomb Ghiaspur 153, i. The tomb of Ferozshah ii. Domed Building to the west of No.1 iii. Dalan between 1&2 iv. Domed Building & its court to the south of No. 3, v. Dalans and all ruined Buildings to the north of no. 1 and existing upto No.10 vi. Five Chhatris to the case of No. 1& No.5 vii. Old Gate to the north of No.6 viii. Three Chhatris to the north-west of No.7 ix. Ruined courtyard and its Dalans with the Domed building to the north-west to the No.8 x. Old wall running east from No.4 xi. 2.23 Acres of land surrounding the above monuments and bouded on the North by house of Chhange and Mehra Chand sons of Hansram and house of Uderam, son of Kusha South Ghairmunkan Resta East By village site belonging to village community house of Nots Zadar sons of Jai Singh Chhamar and field Nos. 338 & 331 belonging to Naider and others West By field no. 185 belonging to Udaram, son of Kusal Jat and field No. 186 belonging to Jagins and Sajawal Rajput, No. 195 Ghairmunkin Johar, common of Jats and Musalmans and filed no. 196, Ghairmunkin Pall.
Location police Line Compound of House No. 7 Court Road Compound of Curzon House In the garden near south west entrance to Delhi Club Ground Delhi Fort Kishan Ganj Tughlaqabad Sabzi Mandi Shahjahanabad Lodhi Road, New Delhi
52/ 36 53/ 16 54/ 52 55/ 53 56/ 54 57/ 55 58/ 56 59/ 57 60/ 58 61/ 59
Delhi-Karnal Road Near Jantar Mantar Kidwai Nagar East Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Hauz Khas
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Appendix
Old/ New No. 62/ 60 63/ 61 64/ 62 65/ 63 66/ 114 67/ 113 68/ 115 69/ 64
Name of Monument Bag-i-Alam Gumbad with a Mosque Kali Gumti Tofewala Gumbad Arab Sarai The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing North towards Purana Qila The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing East towards the tomb of Humayun Remainig Gateways of Arab Sarai and of AbadiBagh-Buhalima Lakhar wal Gumbad (Tomb)
Location Humayunpur Humayunpur (Hauz Khas) Humayunpur Deer Park (Hauz Khas) Patti, Ghiapur in Hauz Inderpat Near Arab Sarai Village Near Arab Sarai Village Near Arab Sarai Village Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery), Near Delhi Public School, Mathura Road, Nizamuddin Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery) Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery) In village Kalusarai (Sarvapriya Vihar) Near tomb of Sikander Lodi, Khairpur Khairpur Khairpur Khairpur Khairpur Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road Kharehra (Hauz Khas Enclave) Kharehra village Green Park Kharehra village Hauz Khas Enclave Kharehra village Hauz Khas Enclave Kharehra village Green Park Village Khirkee
70/ 65 71/ 66 72/ 67 73/ 68 74/ 69 75/ 70 76/ 71 77/ 72 78/ 73 79/ 75 80/ 76 81/ 77 82/ 78 83/ 79 84/ 80 85/ 81 86/ 82
Sunderwala Burj Sunderwala Mahal Bijay Mandal, neighbouring domes, buildings and dalan to north of Begumpur Old Lodi Bridge with approaches Mosque with the dalans and courtyard and the Bara Gumbaj (the domed entracne to the mosque) The tomb of Mohammed Shah known as Mubarak Khan- Ka-Gumbaz Tomb of Sikander Lodi with its enclosure wall and bastions, gates & compound Unknown tomb with blue tiles decoration known as Shisha Gumbad Bandi or Poti ka Gumbad III-280 Biran-Ka-Gumbad-282 Biwi or Dadi-ka-Gumbad-281 Chor Minar No. 289 Vol III Choti Gumti Idgah of Kharehra No. 287, Vol III Nili Mosque Sakri Gumti-284 Khirkee Masjid
A-4
Appendix
Old/ New No. 87/ 83 88/ 84 89/ 96 90/ 94 91/ 97 92/ 98
Name of Monument Satpula-III 216 Tomb of Yusuf-Quttal Jahaz Mahal Shamsid Tallab together with platform entrance gates. Moti Masjid Old Palace of Bahadur Shah II alias Lal Mahal in Mehrauli Bara Khamba-285
Location Village Khirkee At Khirkee in field no.81 min, Property of Shamlat deh. Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli
93/ 74
Kherera village tombs between Hauz Khas, Qutab raod Mehrauli
94/ 99
95/ 96/ 97/ 98/
101 100 102 104
The Qutab Archaeological area as now fenced in, including the Mosque, Iron Pillar, Minar of Qutabdin, unfinished Minar, all colonnads, screen arches, tomb of Altmash, college, buildings of Aluddin, Tomb of Imam Zamin and all carved stoens in the above area with gardens, paths and water channels, and all gateways including the Alai-Darwaza , also all graves in the above area Tomb of Adam Khan (Rest House) Tomb and Mosque of Maulana Jamali Kamali Wall mosque Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort from Sohan Gate to Adam Khan's tomb including the ditch where there is an outer wall Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort at the point where they meet together Wall of Rai Pithora's fort including gateways and bastions Gates and walls of Mubarakpur, Kotla in village Mubarakpur Moth-ki-Masjid Inchla Wali Gunti Kala Gumbad Tombs of Bade-Khan, and Mubarakpur Kotla, Kotla Tombs of Chote Khan, Mubarakpur Tomb of Mubarik in Mubarakpur, Kotla Mosque attached to Mubarak shah Tomb Tomb of Bhura Khan Tin Burji Walla Gumbad
99/ 103
100/ 105 101/ 107 102/ 106 103/ 00 104/ 108 105/ 112 106/112 107/ 111 108/ 109 109/ 110 110/ 141
Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Kh. No. 1783, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1770, 1772, 1773, 1798 & 1764 Near Jamali Kamali's Mosque Mehrauli Kh. No. 1754, Loddho Sarai Kh.No. 86,87 Mehrauli village Mubarakpur, Kotla Behind south externsion Part II. village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla Mohammed pur village II, 304
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Appendix
Old/ New No. 111/ 142 112/ 143 113/ 144 114/ 145 115/ 146 116/ 147 117/ 148 118/ 149 119/ 00 120/ 150 121/ 116
Name of Monument Unnamed tomb Baoli Munda Gumbad Unnamed Mosque Unnamed Tomb Unnamed Tomb Unnamed Tomb Unnamed Tomb i. Unnamed Mosque ii. Unnamed Tomb Wajir pur- ki-Gumbad The Afsah-walla-ki-Masjid situated outside the west gate of Humayun's tomb with its dalans and paved court bounded on the east by Humayun's tomb on the west by Abadi Arab Sarai on the north by road and Khasra No. 252 and on the south by Abadi Arab Sarai Bara Khamba outside north entrance to shrine Bara Pulah bridge near Nizammudin Chausath Khamba and tomb of Mirza Nizammudin Aziz-ka-Kokaltash Grave of Jahanara Begum Grave of Mohammed Shah Grave of Mirza Jahangir Humayun's tomb, its platforms, garden, enclosure walls and gateways Khasra No. 258 bounded on the east by Khasra No.180&181&244 of Miri Singh and on west by Kh. No. 268&253 on the north by Khasra No. 266, on the south by Kh No. 245 of Miri Singh & Kh. No. 248 & 249 of Sayyed Mohummad Nila Gumbad outside the south corner of the enclosure of Humayun's tomb (Kh. No. 243) bounded on the east by Kh. No. 182, on the west by Humayun's tomb, on the north by Kh. No. 181 & on the south by Kh. No. 244 of Miri Singh Nili Chhatri or Subz Burz . Tomb of Afsar-wala immediately near to the south of Afsar-wala-ki-Masjid Tomb of Atgah Khan
Location Mohammed pur village , 305 Munika II. 318. Munika 302. Munika 314. Munika 313. Munika 315. Munika 316. Munika 317. Munika 321& Munika 322 Munika 312. Nizammudin
122/ 117 123/ 118 124/ 119 125/ 120 126/122 127/ 121 128/ 123
Nizammudin South of Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin
129/ 124
Nizammudin
130/ 125 131/ 126 132/ 127
Nizammudin East Nizammudin Nizammudin
133/ 128
134/ 129 135/ 00 136/ 17 137/ 38 138/ 131
The tomb of Isa Khan with its surrounding enclosure walls and turrest garden gateways and mosque (Kh. No. 281 ) bounded on the east by Arab Sarai Kh. No.236 on the west by Kh. No. 283 graveyard of Piare Lal and K.No. 283 of Bddon on the north by Kh. No. 236 of Pandit Brij Vallabh and on the south by Arab Sarai Kh. No. 238. Tomb of Khan-i-Khanan Tomb with three domes near Rly.Station Sikargah Kushak-II -327 Gateways of Badli-Ki-Sarai Tomb of Sheikh Kaburuddin also known as
Nizammudin
Nizammudin Nizammudin Old Kushak Village Village Pipalthala Malviyanagar
A-6
Appendix
Old/ New No.
139/ 133 140/ 132
141/ 134 142/ 135
Name of Monument Rakabwala Gumbad in field no.84 min. situated at sarai Shah 31 property of Thoks Shahpur and Adhehini Ruined line of walls, bastions & gateways of siri Kh. No. 88, 265 &447 at village Shahpur Jat Internal buildings of Siri Mehammadi wali-Kh. No. 14 Shahpur Jat Bul-Bul-Ki-Kh. No. 256 Shahpur Jat Makhdum ki Kh. No. 255 Shahpur Jat Baradari Shahpur Jat Motiyan wala dome Shahpur Jat Thana wala Shahpur Jat Nai-ka-kot. Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaqabad. walls and bastions, gates and cause way including the tomb of Dad Khan Tomb of Mohammed Tughlaqabadshah Walls of old city of Tughlaqabad. Walls, gateways bastions and internal buildings of both inner and outer citadels of Tughlaqabad fort Walls, gate and bastions of Adilabad (Mohammadbad) and causeway leading there to from Tughlaqabad. The Tomb The mosque Neighbouring Bridge Mound known as Jaga Bai comprise in part of surve plot no. 167 Ashoka rock Edict Madhi Mosque Rajon-ki-Bain with Mosque and Chhatri Badun Gate Gateway of Lal kot Gateway of Rai Pithoria's fort Walls of Rai Pithora's fort and Jahan Panah at the point where they meet together Tomb of Sultan Ghari Baoli known as diving wall locally known as (Candak-ki-baoli) Enlosure containing the tomb of Shah Alam Bahadur Shah, Shah Alam to and Akbar Shah II Houz Shamsi with central red stone pavilion situated at Mehrauli in field No. 157-81, 1586-97, 1614 &1624 Iron Pillar Hindu Ancient Mosque Sheesh Mahal Ashokan Pillar Sarai Shahji Azim Khan Tomb
Location
Shahpur Jat Shahpur Jat
Tughlaqabad. Kotla Tughlaqabad.
143/ 136 144/ 139 145/ 138 146/ 137 147/ 42 148/ 41 149/ 40 150 151/ 46 152/ 85 153/ 86 154/ 87 155/ 88 156/ 89 157/ 91 158/ 140 159/ 92 160/ 93 161/ 94 162/ 95 163/ 151 164/ 39 165/ 18 166/ 130 167/ 90, 167/ 90
Badarpur Zail Badarpur Zail Tughlaqabad. Tughlaqabad. Wazirabad Wazirabad Wazirabad Jamia nagar East of Kailash colony Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Hauz Rani abd Lado Sarai Nalikpur Kohi Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Palam Shalimar Garden Village Hyderpur On the Ridge between Hindu Rao Hospital Malaviya Nagar Lado Sarai
A-7
Appendix
Old/ New No. 168/ 154 169/ 03S 170/ 152 171/ 153 172/ ---
Name of Monument Mazar of Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq Fortificaiton Wall Asad Burj, Water gate, Delhi Gate, Lahori Gate, Jahangiri Gate, Chhattra Bazar, Baoli Fortification walls, Gates, Bastions and Ancient Buildings of Salimgarh Fort Portion of the City Wall of Shahajanabad Sat Narain Bhawan
Location ChindBagh, Kadam Sherif, Paharganj, Delhi Red Fort, Delhi Bela Road Ansari Road Delhi Sadhora Khurd, Dina Nath Marg, Roshanara Road, New Delhi. Lado Sarai, Mehrauli, Delhi Pragati Vihar, New Delhi Nizamuddin
173/ 100 174/--175/ ---
Balban Khan's Tomb & Jamli Kamali Unknown Tomb in the vicinitty of Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium Mazar of Mirza Ghalib
LIST OF ADDITIONAL MONUMENTS CONSIDERED FOR PROTECTION BY THE GNCTD DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9. 10 Name of Monument Mutiny Memorial Maqbara Paik Dara Shikoh Library Turkman Gate Baradari Tomb Zail Lodhi period Tomb Monuments Haveli of Mirza Ghalib Location Northern Ridge GTK Depot Kashmere Gate Sadhana Enclave Near Lodhi Rd Flyover Bawana Katwaria Sarai Delhi Golf Club, DDA Golf Club Gali Qasim Jan, Ballimaran
The following areas have been identified as CONSERVATION AREAS and ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS by the INTACH 2000 List: 1. Delhi University and Northern Ridge 2. Walled City of Shahjehanabad Heritage Conservation Zones as detailed above 3. Lutyens Delhi including: Connaught Place Gole Market Area Barracks Lutyens Bungalow Zone and Safdarjangs Tomb, Lodhi Garden and Delhi Golf Club Central Vista 4. Firozabad Firoz Shah Kotla 5. Purana Quila, Delhi Zoo and Sundar Nursery 6. Hazrat Nizamuddin, Humayuns Tomb Complex World Heritage Site and Barapullah
A-8
Appendix
7. Qutb Complex World Heritage Site and Mehrauli Area 8. Vijay Mandal Begumpur Sarai Shahji Lal Gumbad area 9. Hauz Khas Deer Park 10. Chiragh Delhi 11. Tughlaquabad Adilabad Nai ka Kot 12. Delhi Cantonment Area. 13. Mehrauli Archaeological Park 14. Sultan Garhi Archaeological Park 15. Tughlaquabad Archaeological Park
A-9
Appendix
APPENDIX-2
Published List of Heritage Buildings in the MCD Areas
Zone A, Walled City S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Buildings Idgah Lady Reading Health School Dispensary Lady Reading Health School Outer gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Inner gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Mosque Qila Qadam Sharief Gateway of Qadam Sharief Shrine Qadam Sharief Shrine Firoz Shah Mosque Kunwari Begam Ka Burj Enclosures walls Qila Qadam Sharief Tomb Hari Masjid Mosque Chitra Gupta Temple Haveli Mosque Municipal Corporation Primary School Residence Residence Tomb Mosque / Imambara Shivalaya Mosque Police Station Balika Chaman Northern Railway Rest House Sarhindi Masjid Gular Wali Masjid Ghazi-ud-Dins Mosque Muhtasibs Mosque Gateway Masjid Ramzan Shah Haveli Durga Mandir Shivalya Hauzwali Masjid Tahawwur Khans Mosque Residnce Fatepuri Masjid St. Stephens Church Bhowani Shankar Ki Kacheri Dharamshala Rai Sahib Lala Laxmi Narayan Bhairav Mandir Municipal Corporation Primary Girls School Gateway Gateway Location West of Paharganj Sadar Bazar Sadar Bazar Nabi Karim Nabi Karim Qila Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim Nabi Karim Nabi Karim Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim Tail Mill Road, Ram Nagar Chuna Mandi Paharganj Chitra Gupta Road Paharganj Paharganj Opp. Hare Kishan Guest House Paharganj 116, Main Bazar Road, Paharganj Main Bazar Road, Paharganj 110, Gali Krishna Paharganj 104, Gali Krishna Paharganj Qutab Road Qutab Road New Delhi Rail Station New Delhi Rail Station Sadar Bazar New Delhi Rail Station Connaught Place Lahori Gate Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Bazar Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Naya Bans, Fatehpuri 306, Kuncha Sanjogiram, Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Fatehpuri, Chandni Chowk Church Mission Road, Fatehpuri Chandni Chowk Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 322, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 154, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk
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Appendix
S. No. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94.
Buildings Namak Haram Ki Haveli Namak Haram Ki Haveli Gateway Shivalya Kunniji Maharaj Shivalaya Mankchanda & Visvesvaranaths Shivalya Bada Shivalya Residence Shivalya Ghanteshwar Mahadev Residence Residence Dhumimals Shivalya Residence Pandit Hari Ram Ji ka Shivalya Dharamshala Temple School Residence Haveli Residence Residence ANZ Grindlays Building Union Bank of India Building Oriental Bank of Commerce Building Gateway to Katra Neel Lala Chuna Mals Haveli Mirza Galibs House Mirza Galibs In-Laws House Mahadev Mandir Old Delhi Railway Station Police Station Punjab National Bank Building MCD Office Hakim Mihr Ali Shahs Mosque Sunehri Masjid North Brook Fountain Gurudwara Sis Ganj Central Baptist Church Gujrati Temple Hardayal Municipal Public Library Gateway Bhagirath Place Fort View Hotel St. Marys Church Gateway of Zeenat Mahal Office Block Gateway Gateway Yogmaya Mandir
Location Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 316, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 759, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 793, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 515, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 577, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 701, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 574, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 598, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 575, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 596, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 602, Ghanteshwara Mahadev, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 649, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 689, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri 508, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 507, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 509, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 499, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 534, Chandni Chowk 628, Chandni Chowk 681, Chandni Chowk Katra Neel Chandni Chowk Katra Neel Chandni Chowk 2298, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran, Chandni Chowk Billimaran S. P. Mukherjee Marg S. P. Mukherjee Marg Chandni Chowk 458, Katra Mohan, Chandni Chowk Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk Gali Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk 1739, Dariba Kalan Gandhi Ground, Chandni Chowk 2255, Kaudiya Pul, Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk S. P. Mukherjee Marg Lal Kuan Bazar Lal Kuan Bazar Lal Kuan Farash Khana Off Bazar Lal Kuan Kuncha Sanjogiram Bazar, Naya Bazar, Naya Bazar
A-11
Appendix
S. No. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141.
Buildings MCD Dispensary Residence Graves enclosure of Nawan Iradtmand Khan & Nawab Masayar Khan Gateway Sikriwalans Mosque Masjit Mubarak Begam Houz Qazi Mosque Gateway Residence Haveli Hindustani Dawakhana Gateway Shri Digambar Jain Naya Mandir Anand Aushdhlaya Shri Agawal Digambar Jain Panchayati Mandir Residence Residence Shri Digambar Jain Maru Mandir Prakash Nursery School Commercial-cum-Residential Building Residence Residence Ram Nath Inder Devi trust Jain Temple Naugharana Residence Nawab Sahibs Mosque Gateway Residence Jain Temple Jain Temple Gate to Kucha-I-Ustad Hamid Indraprastha Hindu Girls Senior Secondary School Lal Mandir Kasturba Janana Hospital Chatta Agha Jan Masjid Bridge Near Lahori Gate, Red Fort Baoli Army Barracks Mosque of gaziuddin Khan Anglo-Arbic Public School Rehmani Masjid Commercial Building Residence MCD Primary Boys School Residence Guler Wali Masjid
Location Lal Kuan Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan Bazar Sikriwalan, Fatehpuri Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi Hauz Quazi Chowk, Fatehpuri Gali Qasim Jan, Fatehpuri 2168, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran, Chandni Chowk 2160, Ahata Kale Saheb, Billimaran, Chandni Chowk Billimaran, Chandni Chowk 3639, Chawari Bazar Fatehpuri Billimaran, Chandni Chowk Fatehpuri 2293, Dharampura, Fatehpuri 2218, Dharampura, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Dharampura, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri 2942, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar, Chandini Chowk 1961, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk West end of Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Near Panchayti Jain Mandir Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk 1541, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk 1513, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk Kishan Gali Jama Masjid Jama Masjid Chandni Chowk Dariyaganj Dariyaganj Red Fort 158, Red Fort Red Fort Ajmeri Gate Ajmeri Gate Ajmeri Gate Ajmeri Gate 4642-4649, Ajmeri Gate 290-295, Ajmeri Gate 4110-4141, Gali Shah Tara, Ajmeri Gate Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate
A-12
Appendix
S. No. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190.
Buildings Unchi Masjid Masjid Residence Residence Nav Jyoti Public School Jain Mandir Residence Residence Residence Holy trinity Church Badi Masjid Telion Ka Phatak Kalan Masjid Lal Darwaza L. Madan Mashal Lal Ayurvedic Charitable Dispensary Haveli Municipal Corporation Ayurvedic Dispensary Haksar Haveli Bhartiya Bal Sadan Society Dharamshala Lala Pyare Lal Madho Ram Amrudwali Mosque Residence Anjuman Masjid Tomb of Shah Turkman Tomb Raziya Sultan Mosque Mosque Shah Gulam Ali Dargah Shah Gulam Ali Residence Sunehri Masjid Shri Digambar Jain Mandir Masjid Saiwali Jain Temple & School Hotel Moti Mahal Residence and Commercial Building Commercial Street Residence and Commercial Building Commercial Street Street with 14 Buildings Dargah Shah Shabir Baksh Masjid Beriwali Police Station Residence, DCP Central H.M. D.A.V Middle School Shroff Eye Hospital Hindi Park Housing Area Mosque City Wall South Darya Ganj Mortello Tower
Location Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate 4346, Kuncha-I-Pandit, Ajmeri Gate 504, Kuncha Pati Ram, Ram Bazar Sitaram 939, Kuncha Pati Ram Bazar Sitaram 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz Qazi 901, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sitaram 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz Qazi 834, Mohalla Imli, Bazar Sitaram Turkman Gate Turkman Gate Turkman Gate Turkman Gate Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram 2549, Churiwalan, Bazar Sita Ram 1424, Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram 2837, Rehman Building, Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram, Chandni Chowk Mohalla Qabrustan, Turkman Gate Bulbuli Khana, Turkman Gate Bazar MatMatya Mahal, Near Jama Masjid Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate 3460, Netaji Subhash Marg Daryaganj West of Netaji Subhash Marg Daryaganj Delhi Gate Kuncha Chetan, Daryaganj Daryaganj Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 4, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 8-14, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 15-16, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 19-23, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 26-40, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 5051, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 5052, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj Hindi Park, Daryaganj Hindi Park, Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj
A-13
Appendix
S. No. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207.
Buildings Residence Residence, Dr. Ansari House Phatak Habsh Khan Gateway Allahbad Bank Building Town Hall Company Bagh Gateway to Katra Nawab State Bank of India Residence Mahabir Jain Bhawan Haveli of Ahsanullah Khan Residence Residence Lal Kuan Residence Residence
Location Ansari Road, Daryaganj Ansari Road, Daryaganj Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri Billimaran, Fatehpuri Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk North of Town Hall Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk 1222, Chandni Chowk 1417, Chandni Chowk Bazar Sikriwalan, Off Lal Kuan 5012, Phatak Bans, Lal Kuan 5051, Bazar Sikriwalan Bazar Lal Kuan 962, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram 505, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram
Zone B, Karol Bagh S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Buildings Shikargah Haveli Well Temple Mukhal Tank Shivalya Milestone / Memorial Ramjas S. S. School Tibbia College Residence Lal Masjid Bari Masjid MCD Co-Ed School MCD Dispensary Shidion Ki Masjid Location Jonti village, Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Tikri Border, Rohtak Road Anand Parbat New Rohtak Road New Rohtak Road Opp. Tibbia College Northern end of Faiz Road Karon Bagh Bara Hindu Rao Rani Jhansi Road, Bara Hindu Rao Bara Hindu Rao Karol Bagh
Zone C, Civil Lines S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Buildings Tank Wall Mosque Memorial Coronation Memorial Coronation Bank Embankment Ammunition Store Ammunition Store Ammunition Store Colonial Building, Majumdar Marg Pathan Ki Masjid Mosque Location Kuraini Village, Narela Kuraini Village, Narela Azadpur Market, G. T. Road Kingsway Camp Kingsway Camp Majnu Ka Tila Mall Road, Civil Lines Mall Road, Civil Lines Brig. S. K. Majumdar Marg, Mall Road, Civil Lines Engineers Office, Brig. S. K. Mall Road, Civil Lines Mall Road, Civil Lines G. T. Road, Opp. State Bank Colony,
A-14
Appendix
S. No. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
Buildings Gateway of Mahaldhar Khans Garden Gateway Faculty of Arts Delhi University Office Gwyer Hall St. Stephen s College Chapel Principals Residence Guard House Old Secretariat I. P. College for Woman Defence Science Centre National Institute of Communicable Diseases Meena Devi Jindal Medical Institute and research centre Sant Parmanand Hospital Mosque of Shah Wajid MCD Primary School Residential Building Dharamshala MCD Primary School Hindu Rao Hospital Methodist Church Queen Marys School Principals Residence Mosque St. Stephens Hospital St. Stephens Hospital Chapel Residence Residence Teacher Hostel B. M. Ganga Girls School Residence Chapel Delhi United Christian Sr. Sec. School Paulas Sadan St. Xaviers School Butler Memorial Girls School Residence Residence St. Stephens Community Centre St. Annes School Residence Cambridge Brotherhood Hotel Oberoi Medians Exchange Store Residence Canal Rest House Maharaja Agrasen Park Shia Masjid Suiwali Masjid Gulam Nabis Mosque Burhyas Mosque Gulerwali Masjid
Location Delhi-7 G. T. Road G. T. Road Delhi University Delhi University Delhi University Delhi University St. Stephen College St. Stephen College Hindu College Civil Line Civil Line Ring Road, Vidha Sabha Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line Roshanara Garden Roshanara Garden Roshanara Garden Sabzi Mandi Roshanara Road Civil Line Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari 10, Under Hill Road, Civil Line 8, Under Hill Road, Civil Line Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line Boulevard Road Boulevard Road North East of Stephen Hospital, Boulevard Road Rajpur Road Rajpur Road Court Road, Rajpur Road Court Lane, Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line 17, Sham Nath Marg Qudsia Bagh Boulevard Road Mori Gate Mori Gate Mori Gate Mori Gate Ram Bazar
A-15
Appendix
S. No. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103.
Buildings Hamilton Road School James Skinners House Dargah Panja Sharif Badrudins Grave Residence Bengali Club Kashmere Gate Market NCC Office Residence School Lal Masjid Colonnaded Building Circular Baradari Madarsaa Amima Islama Arbad Ayurvedic Dispensary Office of the Election Commission Hamid Ali Khans Mosque Kucheri Court for Traffic Offences Water Bastion NCC Office Gallows Bastion Office of Northern Railways St. James Church St. James Annexe Skinner Familys Cemetery Delhi Collage of Engineering Archeological Museum Delhi Institute of Technology Commemorative Column Post Office Nigam Bodh Ghat Northern Railway Officers Rest House Lothian Bridge Nili Chhatri Temple Jail Museum Ammunition Rooms Market
Location Mori Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Chotta Bazar, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Lal Sultan Singh Estate, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate MCD Office, Kashmere Gate MCD Office, Kashmere Gate Bara Bazar, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate ISBT, Kashmere Gate Traffic Court, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Lothian Road, Near Post Office Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Mukherjee Road Mukherjee Road Yamuna Bazar Salimgarh Fort Salimgarh Fort Salimgarh Fort Club Road off Boulevard Road
Zone D, New Delhi S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Buildings Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital Lok Nayak Hospital Administrative Block Mosque Mehndiyan Nursery Mosque Chaunsath Khamba Dargah Enclosure Memorial Jamiat Ulama Hind Masjid Tomb of Shiekh Muhammad Sahib Mosque Matka Pir Location Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg Near Mulana Azad Medical Collage North Mulana Azad Medical Collage West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage Mulana Azad Medical Collage Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg South of Vikas Marg South of Vikas Marg (DDA) Mathura Road South West Corner of
A-16
Appendix
S. No. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.
Buildings Hammam Tomb Azimganj Sarai Mosque Do Sariya Gumbad Tomb Gateway Gateway Khan-E-Dauran Khans Mosque Tomb Northern Gateway of Dargah Complex Tomb Chini Ka Burj Tomb of Bai Kodaldai Arcade Building Gateway to Inner Enclosure of Dargah Dalan of Itqad Khan Enclosure of Nawab Mustafa Khan Majlis Khans Jamaat Khana Mosque Tomb Dalan of Mirdha Ikran Langar Khana Eastern Gateway of Dargah Gateway of the House of Mirza Jahangir Residential Gateway of Leading to the tomb of Atgan Khan Dalans Bari Ka Gumbad Gateway Well Gateway Mirza Galibs Tomb Kali Masjid Gateway of Inner Kot Bastion of Inner Kot Tomb of Khan-I-Jahan Tilagani Wall of Inner Kot Shiv Mandir Chakarwali Masjid Tomb Wall Mosque Well Well Mosque Tomb Grave Platform Chilla Nizamuddin Tomb of Sayyid Yasin
Location Pragati Maidan Purana Quila, Mathura Road Delhi Zoo, Mathura Road National Zoological Park, Sundar Nagar Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village West of Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin North West Corner of B Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Argah Khans Tomb Complex East of Argah Khans Tomb Complex On the Main Entry from mathura Road, Nizamuddin Village East of Chaunsath Khamba, Nizamuddin North West Chaunsath Khamba Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village G-Block Nizamuddin West At the Inter Section of Lodi Road and Mathura Road South of DPS Mathura Road South of DPS Mathura Road Humayuns Tomb Complex Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin Northern Side of Humayuns Tomb North Side of Humayuns Tomb North Side of Humayuns Tomb Mathura Road, Nizamuddin
A-17
Appendix
S. No. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.
Buildings Gateway Western Gateway Residence Baoli & Well South Gate of Kotla Mubarakpur Gumti Bridge St. Paul Cathedral Mosque MCD Office Shivalaya Gateway of Temple Domed Building Tomb of Kale Khan Gumti of Sheikh Ali Gateway Tomb of Basti Mosque of Basti
Location Nizamuddin East, Mathura Road Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. North of Mubarak Shahs Tomb Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. Mubarak Shahs Tomb Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. South of Caupal, Village Kotla Mubarakpur North West Edge of Kotla Mubarakpur Hospital Marg, Bhogal Masjid Marg, Bhogal Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat Nagar Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat Nagar Kilokari Village Kilokari Village Sarai Kale Khan Defence Colony Defence Colony Defence Colony Defence Colony
Zone F, South Delhi S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Buildings Temple Two temples Tomb Gateway Qasai Wala Gumbad Mosque Tomb Baoli Bara Lao Ka Gumbad Tomb Known as Baradari Mosque Garden Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Mosque Residence Malik Munirka Mosque Mosque Mosque of Haji Langa Haji Langa Gimbad Gateway Tomb Tomb Caupal Tomb Mosque Domed Building Location NH-8, Naval Area, Rao Tula Ram Marg Rao Tula Ram Marg Rao Tula Ram Marg CAMS Complex, Cantonment Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Basant Lok Market, Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar DTC Depot, Vasant Vihar Sec-5, R. K. Puram Sec-5, R. K. Puram Sec-5, R. K. Puram 214, Village Munirka 117, Village Munirka Between Sec-3 & 4, R. K. Puram Sec-3, R. K. Puram Munirka Sec-3, R. K. Puram Sec-3, R. K. Puram Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village
A-18
Appendix
S. No. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
Buildings Well Maluk Chand Ka Gumbad Dalan Gumti Hauz Khas Tank Munda Gumbad Idgah Turrent Plinth Mosque Kali Gumti Wall Mosque Tufewala Gumbad Well Barah Khamba Structure Unknown Enclosure Wall of Kharera Village Mosque Mosque of Darwesh Bridge Bulbulki Baradari Building Gateway Tomb Tomb Gateway Tomb Tomb Tomb Tomb Tomb Mahavir Library Gateway Kalka Mandir Dharamshala Bund Mahal Ruins Ruins Enclosure Wall Ruins Tomb Dalan Khangah Mosque Chaupal Gateway of Moqsue Mosque Gateway Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque
Location Humayunpur Village Humayunpur Village Humayunpur Village Humayunpur Village Dist. Park, Safdurjung Encl. Dist. Park, Hauz Khas Hauz Khas Village Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village F-Block, Green Park Green Park Green Park Green Park Kharera Village Gulmorhar Park Sirifort Residential Complex Sirifort Residential Complex Shahpur Jat Village Masjid Moth, South Extn. II Masjid Moth Gautam Nagar Near L.S.R. Collage Lala Lajpat Rai Marg Zamroodpur Village Zamroodpur Village Zamroodpur Village Near House No. 88, Zamroodpur Village Lane 62, Zamroodpur Village N Block, G. K. Part-I Kalkaji Mandir Kalkaji Kalkaji Mandir, Kalkaji Mahipalpur Village Mahipalpur Village Mahipalpur Village Sec-C, Pkt-9, Vasant Kunj Vasant Kunj Vasant Kunj Katwariasarai Village Katwariasarai Village Sarvpriya Vihar Kalu Sarai Village Kalu Sarai Village Adchini Village Adchini Village Adchini Village Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar Lal Gumbad Complex Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar
A-19
Appendix
S. No. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138.
Buildings Mahal Mosque Enclosure Enclosure Dukh Bhajan Gurudwara Kharbuze Ka Gumbad Tomb of Shiekh Allauddin Tomb Tomb Tomb of Shiekh Salauddin Mosque Mosque Tomb Tomb Majlis Khana Mosque Mosque Tomb of Sheikh Usman Saiyan Lal Gumbad II Madarsa Zeenatul Northern Gateway of Chirag Delhi Circular Bastion and Chattri Eastern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Southern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Western Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Eastern Gateway of Inner Enclosure Tomb of Roshan Chirag Delhi Mosque of Faruksiyar Tomb Tomb of Shiekh Zainuddin Tomb of the Grand Daughter of Shiekh Farid Shakarganj Mosque Mehfil Khana Tomb An Enclosure Tomb Majlis Khana Grave Enclosure Gateway Pahar Gateway Tomb Tomb of Haji Khanam Turret Jain Temple Hanuman Temple Kos Minar Tomb Tomb Mosque Tomb of Sheikh Haidar Residence Plinth of Mosque Roof Tomb Kala Gumbad
Location Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Khirki Village Khirki Village Khirki Village Panchsheel Enclave Panchsheel Enclave Chirag Delhi Village Chirag Delhi Village Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi Near House No. 341, Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Mathura Road M. B. Road, Lado Sarai Lado Sarai Lado Sarai M. B. Road Saidulajab Village Saidulajab Village Press Enclave Tuglakabad Institutional Area
A-20
Appendix
S. No. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193.
Buildings Well Plinth and Well Embankment Kos Minar Northern Gateway Central Gateway Shahi Masjid Southern Gateway Kos Minar Qutab Guest House The form house restaurant Metcalfes Folly 1, 2 Colonial Buildings Mosque Chaumukha Darwaza Anagtal Residence Mosque of Wafab Shah Mehrauli Public Library Haveli Residence Temple of Jogmaya Priests Residence Residence Baradari at Jog Maya Temple Primary School Residence Residence Prachin Sidh Shri Hanuman Mandir St. John Church Complex Mosque of Quazian Primary Health Centre MCD House Tax Office and Vocational Training Centre Wall Mosque Gateway Residence Original Gateway of Dargah Sharif Residence Noorie Masjid Dilkusha Mosque Residence Residence Residence Residence Well Residence Residential Street Residence Residence Gatewayof Mohalla Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence Chowk
Location Tuglakabad Institutional Area Tuglakabad Fort Tuglakabad Fort Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Mathura Road Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Lalkot Excavation Ward-I, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 10/6, Ward-1, Mehrauli 10/4, Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 6653, Ward-1, Mehrauli 10/8, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Near Mehrauli Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 1081, Ward-1, Mehrauli 1018, Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 994, Ward-7, Mehrauli 965, Ward-7, Mehrauli Mehrauli 324, Ward-4, Mehrauli 299, Ward-4, Mehrauli 300, Ward-4, Mehrauli 294, Ward-4, Mehrauli Ward-4, Mehrauli 445, Ward-3, Mehrauli 431-436, Ward-3, Mehrauli 260, Ward-2, Mehrauli 450, Ward-3, Mehrauli 341, Ward-4, Mehrauli 341, Ward-4, Mehrauli 254, Ward-4, Mehrauli 359, Ward-4, Mehrauli 535, Ward-5, Mehrauli Ward-5,Mehrauli
A-21
Appendix
S. No. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246.
Buildings Residence Residence Residence Residence Shop cum Residence Chaupal Sarai Wall Masjid Shop cum Residence Gateway Leading to Residential Cluster Gateway Residence Residence Commercial cum Residential Street Hazi Jamal-ud-din building Residence Gateway Hijron Ka Khangah Shop cum Residence Veterinary Clinic Kali Chand Building Mosque Tomb Dargah of Hazrat Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhadis Dahivi Dalan Adjacent to Grave of Sayyid Niyaz Muhammad Naalnandon-ki-masjid Godown Sarai of Sheikh Inayatullah Tomb Hauz-I-Shamsi Two Mosque Tomb Auilya Masjid Jhama Pankhe Wale Mosque Mosque of Mulana Jamli Mosque & Tomb Mosque Mosque Tomb & Mosque of Makhdam Samauddin Gateway / Tomb Northern Gateway of Dargah of Qutab Sahib Dargah and Mazar of Saika Baba Gateway of Maulana Fakhruddin Residence Mosque Grave & Mosque Motamad Khan Tomb of Maluna Fakhruddin First Gateway of Farrukhsiyar Inner Gateway of Farrukhsiyar Dargah of Khawaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki Tomb of Khwaja Abdul Aziz Bastami Mazar of Hazrat Qazi Hammeduddin Nagauri Mosque & Grave of Zabita Khan
Location 554, Ward-5, Mehrauli 646, Ward-5, Mehrauli 667, Ward-5, Mehrauli 515, Ward-5, Mehrauli 494, Ward-6, Mehrauli Ward-6, Mehrauli Ward-7, Mehrauli 796, Ward-6, Mehrauli 802, Ward-6, Mehrauli 936, Ward-7, Mehrauli 813, Ward-6, Mehrauli 435, Ward-6, Mehrauli Ward-6,Mehrauli 877, Ward-6, Mehrauli Behind 877,Ward-7, Mehrauli Ward-6, Mehrauli Ward-6, Mehrauli 848, Ward-8, Mehrauli 882, Ward-6, Mehrauli 895, Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-6, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Ward-6, Mehrauli 893,Ward-8, Mehrauli 892,Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah
A-22
Appendix
S. No. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302.
Buildings Mosque of Qutab Sahib Baoli of Qutab Sahib Majlis Khana Graveyard Gateway Grave of Murad Bakht Tomb Entrance Gateway Gultashi Wali Masjid Gateway House of Mirza Babar Walled Garden Tomb Exclusive Tomb Tomb of Sheikh Suleman Tomb Gateway Gateway Metcalfes Boathouse Gatepost Well Well Tomb Tomb Mosque Mosque Walled Enclosure Two Arched Dalans Colonned Mosque Mosque & Tomb Mosque Mosque Mosque Enclosure Arched Dalans Walled Mosque Canopy Walled Mosque Ruins Tomb Dalan Tomb Wall Tomb Enclosure Tomb of Khan Sahib Stables Mosque Arched Dalans Tomb Tomb Mosque of Mulana Majduddin Guard House Domed Building Ashoka Mission Bhagichi Ka Masjid
Location Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Dargah of Qutab Shah Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli Ward-7, Mehrauli Ward-7, Mehrauli Ward-7, Mehrauli Ward-7, Mehrauli Ward-7, Mehrauli 1003, Ward-7, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli Balbans Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli
A-23
Appendix
S. No. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338.
Buildings Mosque Plinth of Wall Mosque Takya of Kamli Shah Gateway Mosque and Domed Building Mosque Mosque Chihaltan Chihalman Mosque Enclosure Sohan Burj Mosque & Domed Gateway Plinth of Mosque Mosque Idgah Tomb Tomb of Sheikh Shihabuddin Platform Chillagah Mosque Metcalfes Folly 3 Baoli Dadabari Jain Mandir Ruin of Arch Saubate Tomb Enclosure Walls Mosque Gateway Enclosure Wall Mosque Ruins Embankment Baoli Unnamed Unknown Structure Building Unknown
Location Lado Sarai, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli Lado Sarai, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Ward-8, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli Mehrauli Near Idgah, Mehrauli Near Idgah, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Badarpur Road, Mehrauli Mahipalpur Road, Mehrauli Mahipalpur Road, Mehrauli Mehrauli Andheria More, Mehrauli Kishangarh, Mehrauli Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli Sultanpur Sultanpur Ward-8, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli DDA Park, Mehrauli
Zone G, South Delhi S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Buildings Delhi Gate, Najafgarh Jami Mosque Residential-cum-Commercial Residential-cum-Commercial Dharamshala Residence Well Mosque Haveli Domed Chattri Samadhi of Mitra Sen Temple Haveli Ruins of Haveli Location Najafgarh Najafgarh Najafgarh Main Street Najafgarh Near Temple Chowk, Najafgarh Najafgarh, Adjacent to Arya Samaj Mandir Police Station, Najafgarh Police Station Compound , Najafgarh Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh
A-24
Appendix
S. No. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Buildings Dalan Tomb of Rana Sahib Minar Hati Khana Dalans Residence Residence Residence Tomb of Sohel Gateway Mosque Eastern Gateway Enclosure Walls Katra Garden of Mehram Khan
Location Main Highway, Mitraon Village East of Najafgarh Hasthsal village, West of Vikaspuri Hasthsal village Hasthsal village Pehladpur Village, Palam Road, Near Air Force Museum Pehladpur Village, Palam Road Pehladpur Village, Palam Road Adjacent to Indira Gandhi International Airport Mehram Nagar, Opp. Indira Gandhi Airport Mehram Nagar, Opp. Indira Gandhi Airport Mehram Nagar, Domestic Airport Sarai Mehram Nagar, Opp. Domestic Nagar North Mehram Nagar North Mehram Nagar
Zone H, North Delhi S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Buildings Well Wall Police New Clothing Depot Ruins Location District Park, Adjacent to Police Station, Shalimar Bagh Swami Naraan Road, Shastri Nagar Shahzada Bagh, Old Rohtak Road Ring Road, Shakurpur
A-25
Appendix
APPENDIX-3 HCC List of Buildings having Architectural (Ar), Archaeological (Arcg) & Historic (H) values in NDMC Area and their State of Preservation OWNER ASI
S. No. a 1. Name of the Building b Shikargarh Location c Teen Murti House Delhi Golf House Safdarjungs Tomb West of Crossing of Aurobindo Marg and Lodhi Road Lodhi Garden Lodhi Garden Lodhi Garden Lodhi Date d Tughlaq Function e Formerly Hunt Lodge At Present Monument Tomb Formerly Mosque At Present Not in Use Formerly Madarsa At present Monument Tomb Formerly Gate way At present Monument Formerly Mosque At present Monument Formerly Value f Arch-A Status g P B-Page h 215 State of Preservation i Good Remarks j
2. 3.
Lal bangle-1 Mosque
1779-80 1750
Arch-A Arch-A
P P
228 241
Fair Fair
Should be G-I Should be G-I
4.
Safdurjungs Tomb
1753
Arch-A
242
Fair
Should be G-I
5. 6.
Tomb of Muhamad Shah Sayyid Bara Gimbad
1443-40 1494
Arch-A Arch-A
P P
249 250
Good Good
7.
Mosque
1494
Arch-A
250
Good but tile work is disappearing Fair
Should be G-I
8.
Arched Building
1494
Arch-A
251
Should be G-I
A-26
Appendix
S. No. a
Name of the Building b
Location c Garden
Date d
Function e Attached to Mosque At present Monument Tomb Enclosure Walls Bridge Formerly Hunt Lodge At present Residence Astronomi Observatory Formerly Step-well At present Monument
Value f
Status g
B-Page h
State of Preservation i
Remarks j
9. 10. 11. 12.
Shish Gumbad Tomb of Sikandar Athpula Bistadari Mahal
13. 14.
Yantar Mantar Agrasen Ki Baoli
Lodhi Garden Lodhi Garden Lodhi Garden Bistadari Road Southern Ridge Sardar Patel Mar Parliament Street Heiley Road
Lodhi 1517-18 Akbar Period Firoz Shah Tughlaqs Reign 1710 Pre-Lodhi
Arch-A Arch-A Arch-A Arcg-B
P P P P
251 253 254 213
Fair Fair Fair Unknown
Should be G-I Should be G-I Should be G-I
Arch-A Arch-A
P P
162 to 165 172
15.
Khairul Manzil Masjid
Subramanya Bharti Marg, Mathura Road
1561-62
Formerly Mosque At present Monument
Arch-A
207
16.
Lal Darwaza
Mathura Road Opp. Zoo Entry
Ely-16th Century
Formerly Gate way At present Monument
Arch-A
207
Signs of Deterioration Rapid Deterioration since mid 1980s. The adjacent high rise structure have harmed the general setting of the complex Signs of Deterioration The mosque & the compartments which surround the country yard need urgent repair Signs of Deterioration Much shoring work has been done on the
Should be G-I
Should be G-I
A-27
Appendix
S. No. a 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Name of the Building b Lal Bangla-II Tomb of Najaf Khan Mosque Mosque Tomb
Location c Delhi Golf Club W- of Lodhi Colony Hailey Road Hailey Road National Stadium Opp. High Court Lodhi Garden
Date d 1780 1782 Lodhi L-Mughal 1540
Function e Tomb Tomb Mosque Formerly Mosque Formerly Tomb At present Monument Formerly Gate way At present Monument
Value f Arch-A Arch-A Arcg-B Arcg-B Arcg-B
Status g P P P P P
B-Page h 229 249 172 253 203
State of Preservation i rear of the curtain walls Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Serious Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Serious Deterioration Signs of Deterioration. Some conservation work has recently been done through. Not very sensitively remnants of painted design on inner walls are still visible Signs of Deterioration
Remarks j Should be G-I Should be G-I
22.
Gate way
L-Mughal
Arcg-B
252
23.
Turret
Lodhi Garden
Lodhi
Turret
Arcg-B
UP
252
A-28
Appendix
OWNER STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY

S. No. a 1. 2. Name of the Building b Barah Khamba Tomb Location c Delhi Golf Club East of National Stadium, near Gate no. 5, opp. Talagi Gate Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar to south of Lal Bangla Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar Date d Tughlaq 1540s Function e Tomb Tomb Value f Arcg-A Arcg-B P P Status g 232 206 B-Page h State of Preservation i Serious Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Remarks j Should be GI
3.
Tomb of Sayyid Abidi
1626
Tomb
Arcg-B
230
Signs of Deterioration
4.
Tomb
Early Mughal
Tomb
Arcg-B
232
5. 6.
Tomb Mir Taqus tomb
Late Mughal Mughal
Tomb Tomb
Arcg-B Arcg-B
P P
233 233
Signs of Deterioration Trees growing near the walls Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Trees Growing near the walls Plaster has come off & needs to be replased Good
7.
Vaulted Tomb
Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar
Mughal
Tomb
Arcg-B
231
A-29
Appendix
OWNER NDMC
S. No. a 1. 2. Name of the Building b Teen Murti Statue Gate way Location c Opp. Teen Murti House Lodhi Garden, Amrita Shergil Marg North of Central Vista LBZ, Central Vista Date d 1922 1930 Function e Memorial Statue Gate way Value f Ar-B Ar-C P UP Status g 213 254 B-Page h State of Preservation i Fair Good Remarks j
3. 4.
Grave Platform India Gate
Late Mughal 1931
Graves War Memorial
Arcg-C Arcg-C
UP UP
195 200
Good Good Should be G-I Should be protected Doubt in Ownership Stated NDMC? Should be G-I Should be protected Doubt in Ownership Stated NDMC? Should be G-I Should be protected Doubt in Ownership Stated NDMC?
5.
India Gate Canopy
LBZ, Central Vista
1936
Arcg-C
UP
200
Fair
6.
N. P. Boys Senior Secondary School
Mandir Marg
1940
School
Ar-B
UP
151
Fair
7. 8.
Embankment Mosque
Talkatora Garden Lodhi Garden between the Bara Gumbad & Muhammad
Late Mughal Mughal Formerly Mosque
Arcg-B Arcg-B
UP UP
187 255
Serious Deterioration Serious Deterioration
A-30
Appendix
S. No. a 9.
Name of the Building b Mosque
Location c Shahs Tomb Eastern end Karbala adjacent to eastern entrance of Karbal ground Kamal Ataturk Road near R. C. Club Over Drain Kamal Ataturk Road
Date d Late Mughal
Function e Formerly Mosque
Value f Arcg-C
Status g UP
B-Page h 247
State of Preservation i Serious Deterioration
Remarks j
10.
Mosque
1930
Bridge
Ar-C
UP
238
Serious Deterioration Serious Deterioration
11.
Pedestrian Bridge
1930
Bridge
Ar-C
UP
239
OWNER MCD
S. No. a 1. Name of the Building b Gate way Location c Panch Kaun Road Date d 1691 Function e Gate Way Value f Arcg-B UP Status g 152 B-Page h State of Preservation i Serious Deterioration Remarks j Should be GI& Protected
A-31
Appendix
OWNER WAKF BOARD

S. No. a 1. Name of the Building b Mosque Location c Dargah Complex Panchkuan Road Sunehri Bag South end of Pandar Road Church Kane Aurangzeb Road Jorbagh Date d Late Mughal Function e Formerly Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Formerly Religious At Present Nursery Mosque Mosque Grave Enclosure Formerly Mosque At Present Not in Use Formerly Tomb At Present Base for Hoarding Value f Arcg-B Status g UP 153 B-Page h State of Preservation i Fair Remarks j
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Sunehri Masjid Baghwali Masjid Masjid Rakab Ganj Masjid Mejeedia Karbala
Late Mughal Late Mughal Late Mughal Late Mughal 1759-1806
Arcg-B Arcg-B Arcg-C Arcg-C Arcg-C
UP UP UP UP UP
195 227 189 224 248
Fair Good Fair Fair Fair
The courtyard has been covered with tin sheet
7. 8. 9.
Mosque, Masjid Zubata Gunj Mosque Grave Enclosure
South of Central Vista Kakanagar Kakanagar adjacent to NDMC Primary School Delhi Golf Club along east wall East of Hotel Oberoi
Late Mughal Late Mughal 1245
Arcg-B Arcg-B Arcg-B
UP UP UP
199 227 228
Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Serious Deterioration Serious Deterioration Serious Deterioration
10.
Mosque
1245
Arcg-B
UP
234
11.
Tomb
Lodhi
Arcg-B
UP
236
A-32
Appendix
S. No. a 12. 13.
Name of the Building b Mosque Mosque
Location c R. K. Ashram Road Blind School Lodhi Road Race Course Road Northern Gate way of Dargah of Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony
Date d Late Mughal Mughal
Function e Mosque Formerly Tomb Now Res. Tailoring Mosque Gate way
Value f Arcg-C Arcg-B
Status g UP UP
B-Page h 153 238
State of Preservation i Deterioration Serious Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration
Remarks j
14. 15.
Mosque Gate way
Late Mughal 1815
Arcg-B Arch-C
UP UP
239 242
A-33
Appendix
OWNER DELHI POLICE

S. No. a 1. 2. 3. Name of the Building b Police Station Police Station Police Station Location c Parliament Street Tughlaq Road Mandir Marg Date d 1930 1930 1930 Function e Police Station Police Station Police Station Value f Ar-B Ar-B Ar-C UP UP UP Status g 166 221 150 B-Page h State of Preservation i Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Remarks j
OWNER POST & TELEGRAPH

S. No. a 1. 2. Name of the Building b Gol Dak Khana Central Telegraph Office Eastern Court Location c Baba Kharak Singh Marg Janpath Date d 1930 1920 G.P.O Formerly Hostel for Legislator now CTO Function e Ar-B Ar-B Value f UP UP Status g 154 169 B-Page h State of Preservation i Fair Fair, Some alterations have been done Remarks j Should be GI Should be brought back to its original statement Should be GI
A-34
Appendix
OWNER GOVERNMENT
S. No. a 1. Name of the Building b Building within the Presidents Estate Jaipur Column North & South Block Parliament House Central Vista Travancore House Hyderabad House Baroda House Location c Presidents Estate Date d 1914-31 Function e Ar-A Value f UP Status g 190 B-Page h State of Preservation i Good? Remarks j It is understood that at maintenance is not good should be G-I. Should be protected Should be G-I. Should be protected Should be G-I. Should be protected Should be G-I. Should be protected Should be G-I. Should be protected Kerala Govt. (once tried to be demolished but prevented) Should be G-I. Should be protected Rly., New building have come up in the erstwhile garden Should be G-I. Should be protected Extended at rear Min. of HRD Should be G-I Should be protected Should be G-I. Should be protected
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
In front of Rashtrapati Bhawan LBZ, Central Vista LBZ, Central Vista LBZ, Central Vista Kasturba Gandhi Marg Near India Gate Circle Near India Gate Circle
1930 1930 1920 1931 Formerly Palace Now Bank 1926-8 1936 Formerly Palace office off. Banquet Formerly Palace N. Rly. Off. Office Parliament
Ar-A Ar-A Ar-A Ar-A Ar-A
UP UP UP UP UP
190 191 192 192 197
Good Fair Fair ???? Fair
7. 8.
Ar-A Ar-A
UP UP
201 201
Good Fair
9.
Jaipur House
Near India Gate Circle Near India Gate Circle
1936
Formerly Palace Now NAGMA Formerly Palace Now Office
Ar-A
UP
202
Fair
10.
Bikaner House
1938-9
Ar-A
UP
205
Fair
A-35
Appendix
S. No. a 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
Name of the Building b Teen Murti House Kashmir House Lady Hardinge Medical Collage Kerala House Western Court Bahalpur House
Location c Teen Murti MArg Rajaji Marg Shahed Bhagat Singh Marg Jantar Mantar Road Janpath Sikandar Road
Date d 1930 1930 1920 1927 1920 1939
Function e Nehru Memorial Museum Formerly Palatial Res. Now Army Office Collage Formerly Palatial Bldg. Now Office Hostel for Parliament- arian Formerly Palace Res. At present National School of Drama Hospital
Value f Ar-A H-A Ar-A Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B
Status g UP UP UP UP UP UP
B-Page h 215 216 157 167 170 179
State of Preservation i Good Fair Fair Good Good Fair
Remarks j Govt. of Rajasthan Army But Over Use Poss a Threat Kerala Govt.
17.
Dr. R. M. L. Hospital Dominion Columns All India Radio Building Faridkot House National Stadium Indira Gandhi Memorial Vice President House
Willington Crescent Near South Block Sansad Marg
1930
Ar-B
UP
188
Fair
18. 19.
1930 1940
Commemorative Col. Off. Of Transmission Centre Formerly Palace Now Office Stadium Formerly Residence Now Memorial Residence
Ar-B Ar-B
UP UP
191 194
Good Fair
Many internal modifications have been made. Landuse in MPD-2001 C/SC Has Architectural merit & is part of the original plan of Delhi Should be G-I. Should be protected Should be G-I. Should be protected. Min. of I&B
20. 21. 22. 23.
Copernicus Marg LBZ, Central Vista Safdarjung Road Maulana Azad Road
1938 1933 1930 1920
Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B H-A Ar-B
UP UP UP UP
198 202 216 218
Fair Fair Fair Not Known Should be G-I. Should be protected
A-36
Appendix
S. No. a 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
Name of the Building b Gandhi Sadan Smriti Naval Officers Mess Darbhanga House Kapurthala Hous Kashmir House (2) Jaisalmer House National Archieves Patiala House Tehri Garhwal House Minto Bridge
Location c Tees January Marg Shahjahan Road 7, Man Singh Road 3, Man Singh Road Prithviraj Road Man Singh Road Janpath N-W India Gate 5, Bhagwan Das Road Minto Road
Date d 1930 1938 1930 1940 1930 1939 1920 1938
Function e Gandhi Memorial Mess Formerly Palace, Now Office Formerly Palatial Bldg Now Guest House Formerly Palace Now J&K Art Emp. Formerly Palace Now Office GOI Record Office Formerly Palace, Now Court Formerly Palace. Now Residence Rly. Bridge
Value f Ar-B H-A Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-C Ar-A Ar-A Ar-B Ar-B
Status g UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP
B-Page h 219 221 222 223 225 222 194 202 199 171
State of Preservation i Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration
Remarks j Should be G-I. Should be protected Indian Navy
Govt. of Punjab J&K Govt.
Should be G-I. Should be protected
1933
Northern Railway
OWNER CHURCH OF NORTH INDIA

S. No. a 1. 2. 3. Name of the Building b Cathedral Church of Redemption St. Thomas Church Free Church Location c Church Road Mandir Marg Parliament Street Date d 1935 1931-2 1927 Function e Church Church Church Ar-A Ar-B Ar-B Value f UP UP UP Status g 188 150 166 B-Page h State of Preservation i Good Fair Fair Remarks j Church of North India Church of North India Church of North India
A-37
Appendix
OWNER PUBLIC TRUST & HEALTH

S. No. a 1. 2. 3. Name of the Building b Scred Heart Chathedral Lal Diwan Chand Trust House Gymkhana Club Location c Ashoka Place 2, Jain Mandir Road Between RC Road & Safdarjung Road Mandir Marg Ashoka Place Jain Mandir Road Outer Circle Connaught Place Connaught Place Barakhamba Road Barakhamba Road Sikandara Road 5, Sikandara Road Date d 1934 1926 1928 Church Formerly Residence Club Function e Ar-A Ar-A Ar-A Value f UP UP UP Status g 155 160 218 B-Page h State of Preservation i Good Fair Fair Remarks j Existence to be checked ? Should be G-I, Should be protected Trust
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Laxmi Narain Temple (Birla Mandir) St. Columbas School Burman Residence Regal, Revoli Building ECE House Modern School Embassy of Nepal Lady Irwin Collage Residence
1933 1930 1939 1930 1930 1930 1940 1930
Temple School Residence Commercial Bank, Off. School Nepal Embassy Collage
Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B
UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP
151 155 160 161 170 173 179 180
Fair Fair Good Fair Fair Good Good Good
Private Multiple Owner Private Trust Private Public Landuse in MPD-2001 C/SC Private Landuse in MPD-2001 C/SC
12.
1940
Residence
Ar-B
UP
180
Fair
A-38
Appendix
S. No. a 13.
Name of the Building b Somerville School
Location c 26, Firozshah Road Canning Road Janpath and Tees January Marg Subramanya Bharti Marg Mandir Marg Janpath Outer Circle, Cannaught Place 5, Man Singh Road Prithvi Raj Road Jain Mandir Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhir Colony Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhir Colony
Date d 1930
Function e Formerly Residence Now School ????? School Formerly Residence Now Cultural Centre Residential Flats School Hotel Commercial Residence Cemetery Temple Dargah Monument
Value f Ar-B UP
Status g
B-Page h 197
State of Preservation i Fair
Remarks j Presently Residence of Shri Susil Ansal Trust Private Private Trust Private Private Private Delhi Cemetery Committee Trust Should be G-I. Should be Protected Should be G-I. Should be Protected Should be G-I. Should be Protected
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Lady Irwin Senior Secondary School Hungarian Cultural Centre, Baikunth Sujjan Singh Park St. Thomas School Imperial Hotel Scindia House Patani House New Delhi Cemetery Chota Mandir Qadam Sharif Majlis Khana
Early 20th Centaury 1933 1945 1935 1930 1930-40 1940 1920 Late Mughal 1756-60 1750
Ar-B Ar-B Ar-B Ar-C ? Ar-C Ar-C Ar-C Arcg-B Arcg-B H-B Arcg-B
UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP
198 219 225 149 169 171 223 224 159 244 245
Fair Good Fair Fair Good Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Good
25.
Bibi Ka Rauza
Late Mughal
Shrine
Arcg-B
UP
245
Fair
A-39
Appendix
S. No. a 26.
Name of the Building b Mosque
Location c Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhir Colony Jain Mandir Road Near Jantar Mantar West of Mathura Road to the South of NSC Outside East Well Safdarjungs Tomb Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony BKS Marg Panchkuan Road LHMC LHMC Delhi Golf Club Entrance of
Date d 1750
Function e Mosque
Value f Arcg-B UP
Status g
B-Page h 246
State of Preservation i Good
Remarks j Should be G-I. Should be Protected Trust Trust Should be G-I. Should be Protected ????
27. 28. 29.
Bara Mandir Temple Dargah
Late Mughal Late Mughal Late Mughal 1753
Temple Temple Dargah
Arcg-C Arcg-C Arcg-C
UP UP UP
159 165 205
Fair Fair Fair
30.
Well
Formerly Well Now Filled up Formerly Mosque Now Residence Gate Way Tomb Temple Formerly Dargah Now Residence Canopy Formerly Temple Now School Landscape Element Presently Tea
Arcg-C
UP
241
Fair
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
Mosque Gateway Tomb of Arif Ali Shah Hanuman MAndir Dargah of Hasan Rasul Numa Memorial canopy Jain Happy School Gateway Lal Bangla Gate Way
Late Mughal Mughal Late Mughal Mughal 1691 1930 Late Mughal Late Mughal Lodhi
Arcg-C Arcg-C Arcg-C H-B Arcg-B Arcg-B Arcg-B Arcg-B Arcg-B
UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP UP
243 244 247 161 152 158 158 229 236
Fair Fair Fair Fair Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of
Should be G-I. Should be protected
Trust
A-40
Appendix
S. No. a 40. 41. 42. 43.
Name of the Building b Lal Masjid Tomb of Mah Khanan Plinth Gate way
Location c Hotel Oberai Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony Karbala Jorbagh Delhi Golf Club Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony West Side of Dargah Connaught Place SBS Marg, Connaught Place 7, Jantar Mantar Road On Road Connt. Janpath and Jantar Mantar Janpath
Date d Late Mughal 1726 Mughal Mughal
Function e Stall Mosque Tomb Unknown Gate Way
Value f Arcg-B Arcg-B Arcg-C Arcg-C UP UP UP UP
Status g
B-Page h 243 248 231 246
State of Preservation i Deterioration Serious Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration
Remarks j
44. 45. 46.
Connaught Place Connaught Circus Gol Market Sadar Vallabh Bhai Patel Smarak Trust Bldg Gate Way of Bldg
1933 1920 1920
Commercial Market Formerly Residence Now Office Gate Way
Ar-A Ar-B Ar-B H-C Ar-B
UP UP UP
162 154 167
Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Signs of Deterioration Poor
Multiple Owner Multiple Owner Trust ???
47.
1920
UP
168
48.
Free Masons Hall
1935
Hall & Office
Ar-B
UP
168
Signs of Deterioration
Trust
A-41
Appendix
OWNER SHIROMONI GURDWARA

S. No. a 1. 2. Name of the Building b Bangla Sahib Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Location c Ashoka Road Church Road Date d Late Mughal ? Function e Gurudwara Gurudwara Value f H-B H-B Ar-B UP UP Status g 157 189 B-Page h State of Preservation i Good Good Remarks j
A-42
Chapter 8 : Water Supply
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 8 City Water Supply System
CHAPTER - 8 CITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

8.1 INTRODUCTION Delhi is situated along a perennial source of water, the river Yamuna. The river divides the city into East Delhi known as Trans Yamuna Area, and New Delhi. The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) has an area of 1483 km2 and comprises of three constituents MCD (1297.29 km2), NDMC (42.74 km2) and DCB (42.97 km2) respectively. This chapter presents historical overview of water supply system, present status of production and demand, extent of coverage and agencies involved in transmission and distribution of water. 8.2 HISTORY OF DELHI WATER SUPPLY Delhi depends largely on river Yamuna1 and partially on river Ganga for its share of water. The flow of the river is regulated at Tajewala Barrage (subsequently by Hathinikund barrage) and the dry weather flow is entirely diverted into Eastern Yamuna Canal for UP and the Western Jamuna Canal (WJC) for Haryana, UP,Rajasthan and partly for Delhi. Whatever flow appears at Wazirabad, the intake works for Delhi Water Works, is out of regeneration of sub surface drainage. The Delhi Water Works was constructed at Chandrawal with a capacity of 1 MGD / 4.5 MLD in the year 1890 and the source of water supply was a row of wells sunk along the river. Delhi's population then was 1.93 lakhs. After the Delhi Darbar in 1911, Delhi witnessed an increase in population. By the year 1912, the water demand had exceeded the capacity and recourse was taken to drawing water directly from the river and this necessitated the installation of settling tanks and slow sand filters. The population had risen to 2.33 lakhs and capacity of Water Works raised to 3.3 MGD / 15 MLD. In the year 1921, a raw water pumping station was established at Wazirabad and the water was carried to Chandrawal for treatment, where the capacity was raised to 7 MGD / 32 MLD, the population served was 3.04 lakhs. Since then, the capacity of the water works has been gradually increasing in stages and stood at 35 MGD / 159 MLD by 1948. Consequent upon signing of Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan in 1960; to tide over scarcity of water, the Govt. of Punjab allocated 150 MCM / 0.119 MAF of water to Delhi out of Ravi-Beas waters from Bhakra-Nangal
1 River Yamuna owes River Yamuna owes its origin to Yamunotri glacier of lower Himalayas and enters the plains at Dakpathar (Dehradun) in Uttranchal
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storages and this was further raised to 245 MCM / 0.2 MAF in 1976. The Western Jamuna Canal was remodelled and lined to enable Delhi to establish Water Treatment Plant(s), [WTPs] in North West Delhi (at Haiderpur) and thus a second source of surface water came into existence in addition to river Yamuna at Wazirabad. By 1981, whereas the population had shot upto 62.22 lakhs, the production capacity had risen to 1378.7 MLD / 303 MGD. (Refer Annex 8.1) Box 1 - Share in Yamuna Water
As per MOU on sharing of Yamuna waters between Haryana, UP, Rajasthan & NCTD signed on 12.05.1994, share is 0.724 BCM (consumptive). This is subject to construction of Renuka dam, Kishau dam, Lakhwar Vyasi Project, etc. To meet future water requirements it is necessary to initiate these works on Top Priority Seasonal allocation July to Oct Nov to Feb Mar to June Total : : : : 0.580 BCM (1926 cusec) 0.068 BCM (231 cusec) 0.076 BCM (255 cusec) 0.724 BCM (808 cusec)
Provided further the said interim allocation shall get progress modified as storages are constructed, the final allocations as indicated in para 7 of MoU. Separate agreement will be executed in respect of each identified storage within the framework of over all allocation made under the agreement
8.3
PRODUCTION SYSTEM Sources of Water River Yamuna, Western Jamuna Canal (a carrier of Yamuna waters as also Bhakra waters) and the Upper Ganga Canal, are surface water sources for Delhi. Around 446 tube wells drilled in Yamuna bed and areas within city to meet the water requirement. Treatment System DJB is equipped to treat 790 MGD of water inclusive of about 100 MGD of ground water abstraction. However the actual production is 735 MGD, with a short fall of 990 - 735 = 255 MGD at production point. Table 8.1 presents the water treatment capacity indicating source of raw water. Table 8.1: Treatment Capacity indicating Source of Raw Water
Source of Raw Water Name of Water Treatment Plant River Yamuna Chandrawal I &II Installed Capacity MGD 90 Production by Optimisation MGD 105
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Source of Raw Water Name of Water Treatment Plant River Yamuna Bhakra storage / Yamuna Bhakra storage River Yamuna Upper Ganga Canal Upper Ganga Canal Ground Water Wazirabad I II & III Haiderpur Nangloi Bawana Bhagirathi Sonia Vihar Ranney Wells & Tube wells Total I & II
Installed Capacity MGD 120 200 402 20

2
Production by Optimisation MGD 124 210 21 Nil 110 653 100 735
100 140 100 790
Figure 8.1 Water Treatment Plants in Delhi & Sources of Raw Water
2 Water to these plants will be available on completion of Construction of Parallel WJC out of savings from en - route seepage losses, the work is in progress. 3 A 140 MGD Water Treatment Plant, Sonia Vihar, has been constructed for treatment of Ganga water (stored in Tehri dam), through Upper Ganga Canal and drawn at Muradnagar. Initially 65 MGD of water has been released from the plant, on 8th August 2006 and the quantity of supply will be increased in phases.
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Transmission and Distribution System By and large water supply system is through piped water network in urban area, hand pumps and private motorised wells / tubewells, and in areas without planned water supply, through tankers. Details are presented in Table 8.2 Table 8.2: Transmission and distribution network in Delhi
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Item Length of Water mains(kms) No. of Water connections No. of Water Stand Posts (Public Water hydrants) No. of Water Tankers No. of Private Tube wells Capacity of Exiting Underground Reservoirs During 2001 8363 13,33,833 11,533 493 2,00,000 (Estimated) 175 MG corresponding to 67 hours of production As on 01.04.2005 More than 9,000 About 15.52 lakhs 1100 as per revised budget estimate 2005-06 Proposed to build 35 % of average demand as storage capacity.
Availability of water is 2 to 3 hrs in general and in some areas (mostly in North Delhi) directly on line, 24 hrs indicating inequitable distribution of water in different parts of Delhi.
Figure 8.3 In-equality of Water Supply in different parts of the city

Source: Delhi 1999 A Fact Sheet NCRPB
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(a) Water Supply to JJ / Slum Clusters Around 20 lakh people are settled in JJ cluster with water requirement of 270 MLD. Water supply is provided through public water hydrants, tankers and hand pumps. So far Slum & JJ Deptt. had undertaken four Projects of in-situ up gradation of JJ Clusters as at Ekta Vihar (414 families), Proyog Vihar (260 families), Shanti Vihar (113 families) and Shahbad Daulat Pur (4800 families) DJB is able to meet around 60-65% of the water requirement of slum dwellers. The other sources such as hand pumps, tankers and water trolley contributes to 25-30% of water demand. Unaccounted for Water Unaccounted for water is in the range of 40 - 45 %. Water losses through unaccounted flow comprises of (i) Unbilled Un-metered Consumption @2%, (ii) Leakage in Transmission mains @ 16% and (iii) Leakages in Distribution mains @ 24%. Thus in reality, 58% of water produced ( 58% of 735 = 426 MGD ) is available for meeting water requirements leading to water shortages in tail end areas and inequitable distribution of water. This is one reason why people have to resort to high abstraction of ground water. Authorised Consumption is thus (i) (ii) (iii) @ 58% as per breakup @ 13% @ 37% @ 8%
Billed Meter Consumption i/c water supply in bulk Billed unmetered consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
However Non Revenue Water is 42% + 8% = 50%

* [Source: World Bank funded Study report by Pricewater House Coopers]
8.4
WATER PRICING AND RECOVERY The annual water supplied to MCD, NDMC and DCB was 10,34,384 ML, 43,059 ML and 12,808 ML respectively in 2002-03. The amount received from these departments is Rs. 3785 million. Table 8.3 shows the details of water supplied and cost recovered from various bodies. The details of water pricing are presented in Annex 8.2.
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Table 8.3: Transmission and distribution network in Delhi

2000-01 974658 2732.13 44631 124.23 13084 36.42 1032373 2893 2001-02 1021508 3671.02 44551 159.21 13041 46.60 1079100 3877 2002-03 1034384 4351.20 43059 180.42 12808 53.67 1090251 4585 Average 1010183 3584.78 44080 154.62 12978 45.56 1067241 3785
MCD Area NDMC DCB TOTAL
Quantity (ML) Value (Million) Quantity (ML) Value (Million) Quantity (ML) Value (Million) Quantity (ML) Value (Million)
8.5
ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND The water requirement of Delhi is 1,104 GPCD against the production of 783 GPCD. The excess demand of water is met through 2 lakh private tubewells drilled by owner in their premises. The total demand for 2021 is 1840 GPCD. In order to meet the future demand DDA in the draft Master Plan for Delhi 2021 has split the water requirement in two parts Potable and Non Potable as 35 & 45 GPCD respectively, with the proviso that In the existing areas till the arrangement of non potable water is made, potable water shall be supplied. For urban extensions and areas under development schemes, these norms are recommended with necessary provisions (Refer Table 8.4 & Annex 8.3). Table 8.4: Estimation of Water Demand as per DDA and DJB norms
Year Type Population (lakhs) Water Demand (Treated) * MGD As per DJB @60 GPCD 2001 2006 2011 2021 Census Anticipated Projected Projected 137.8 165.0 190.0 230.0 828 990 1140 1380 As per DDA ** @80 GPCD 1104 1320 1520 1840
* The raw water requirements will be 110% of the figures shown above.
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AUGMENTATION SCHEMES FOR WATER SUPPLY 1. Recycling of waste water of existing Water Treatment Plants: Delhi Jal Board will be able to recycle the waste water of Haiderpur, Wazirabad, and Bhagirathi Water Treatment Plants by which addition in the capacity by 37 MGD will be achieved. Schemes of setting up new WTPs of 20 MGD at Okhla and 40 MGD at Dwarka are proposed to be taken up subject to availability of raw water. Boring of 110 tube wells along with re-boring of 446 is proposed. In addition to 100 tubewells bored in the flood plains of river Yamuna, 30 tubewells are proposed to be bored. Installation of 625 deep bore handpumps.
2. 3. 4. 5.
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On completion of augmentation works, the DJB will be equipped to produce 919 MGD of water as per details below:
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Water Treatment Plants Wazirabad I II & III Chandrawal I & II Haiderpur I & II Bhagirathi Dwarka Sonia Vihar Nangloi Bawana Okhla Ranney wells & Tubewells Ranney wells for Okhla Total Capacity 2006 MGD 120 90 200 100 -65 40 --100 715 Capacity 2011 / 2021 MGD 130 100 216 110 40 140 40 20 20 91 12 919
The estimated demand @ 60 GPCD for a population of 190 lakhs will be 1140 by 2011. Thus there will be a shortfall of 1140 - 919 = 221 MGD. The estimated demand @ 60 GPCD for a population of 230 lakhs will be 1380 by 2021. Thus there will be a shortfall of 1380 919 = 461 MGD. 8.7 WATER QUALITY Although water quality of Yamuna water up stream of Wazirabad Barrage is good for drinking after conventional treatment, but on account of periodical discharge of industrial effluents, presence of iron is noticed in the ground water abstracted from Ranney wells & tube wells etc. north of Wazirabad Barrage at Palla. A 31 MGD Iron removal plant is proposed to be installed for removal of iron in the first phase. Presence of ammonia due to pollutants released in the river and WJC, is noticed and the WTPs had to be temporarily closed. This situation needs to be controlled. Iron and ammonia is observed in Ranney well waters going to Okhla WTP requiring establishment of iron removal plant and ammonia stripping plant. Flouride is noticed in some of the tubewells of South Delhi and is a matter of concern. DJB has a number of laboratories to check the quality of water, both from the WTPs as also from the distribution system. The quality of treated water meets standards set by the MoUD. 8.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING DJB has taken up rain water harvesting in its own buildings and rainwater harvesting structures have been provided in 190 installations of the board covering an area of 9.15 lakh sq.m. These structures will successfully recharge ground water aquifers by harvesting 5.10 lakh cubic meters approx of rain water. Certain important precautions need to be taken that roof top rain water after the first 3 showers is drained out and only clear water run off is allowed to go to the underground strata, else there is a danger of ground water pollution.
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This calls for extensive education to the people, and undertaking inspections. 8.9 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) NDMC population as per census 2001 is 1,71,806. The NDMC receives 115 to 120 MLD water in bulk through 19 bulk meters (as on date 8 meters are reported to be non functional) from the DJB and draws 18 to 20 MLD of groundwater drawn from 137 tube wells (effective No. 122) to supplement water supply in its area having 352 km length of water mains (4 inches to 42 inches in diameter) and operates 23 UGR & BPS. The distribution system is maintained by the NDMC. 8.10 DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD (DCB) MES is the main agency to receive water for the Delhi Cantt Board. Area covered is whole of Delhi Cantt including S P Marg area, Mahipalpur area and Shankar Vihar but excluding Naraina Village. Population of cantt Total water requirement : : 2006 - 1,51,605 2011 - 1,63,000 2006 - 13 MGD 2011 - 15 MGD
Water is being received from DJB at two Nodal Points from Palam Reservoir and Inderpuri Reservoir. Water being received is 100% metered Present storage available is 15 MG in UG sumps and OH tanks. There are 55 booster pumping stations. Length of water mains is apprx 375 kms Water is being metered in the distribution side at the pump houses for bulk consumers but not at individual houses. Flat rate is being charged from individuals varying with type of accommodation. Ground Water is being extracted to the tune of 3.5 MGD and the same is being chlorinated and mixed with the DJB water to meet our present requirement. Quality in general is potable but in some pockets it is brackish. Distribution losses are very less may be 5%. For Bulk consumers rate of Rs 6.50 per KL is charged. [Source Garrision Engineer, MES] Delhi Cantt Bd maintains 21 Tube wells, 7 Over Head Tanks (OHTs) 9 Underground Reservoirs (UGRs), & 21 Booster Pumping Stations. For Naraina Village DCB receives 0.9 MGD of water from Naraina Reservoir.[ As per DJB]
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Thus 7.8 + 3.5 + 0.9 = 12.2 plus water abstracted from 21 tube wells by DCB MGD of water supply is utilised for a population of 1,51,605 in the year 2006, i.e. an average of 80 GPCD / 365 LPCD approx.
8.11
SPECIAL PROVISIONS Relating to NDMC, DCB and MES (In brief) The DJB shall be bound to supply water to the NDMC and DCB, MES at the place or places act, which immediately before the commencement of the DJB Act, the Delhi Water Supply & Swerage Disposal undertaking of the MCD used to supply water in bulk. Provided that the quantity of water supply shall not be less than the quantity supplied before commence of the Act. The board shall be bound to receive in bulk all sewerage from these bodies for treatment and disposal
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ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION 1. There is urgent need to invoke Interstate agreement for construction of Storage Reservoirs / dams in the Upper reaches of River Yamuna, like Kishau, Dadhau, Lakhwar Vyasi etc., though identified years before and incorporated in the MOU for sharing of Yamuna waters, have yet to be decided for construction. This is important since the existing capacity is inadequate to meet the present water requirements. 2. To expedite construction of Parallel WJC and with the consent of Haryana to draw water for the constructed WTPs at Bawana and Nangloi (remaining 20 MGD). This will also improve availability of raw water at Wazirabad Barrage after linking WJC with the river. The output of the WTPs is based on the designed capacity. These plants have been progressively constructed over the last 50 years or more and there is a need to correctly assess the output of each of the WTPs. Losses in treatment of water at the WTPs have been considered by the DJB at 8% as per CPHHEO manual, however actual losses need to be ascertained. As per studies carried out by the Consultants, 16% leakage is in Transmission mains and another 24% leakages in the distribution mains, totaling to 40%. This is a considerably high rate of loss and needs to be brought down to 15% as suggested in the Manual of Water Supply & Treatment issued by the CPHHEO, MoUD, Govt. of India. The water supply is intermittent and leads to avoidable wastage, besides posing risk to health. There is in equitability in water supply and calls for rationalisation of water supply.
3.
4.
5.
6. 7.
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8.
The successive Master plan documents have been emphasizing on dispersal of population, however MPD 2021 aims at a prospective population of 23 million. Either the Infrastructure facility should be available as per or in excess of requirement or the future population needs REVIEW for being toned down in accordance with availability of Infrastructure services. Though rain water harvesting is the need of the hour, utmost care and precaution is the necessity to ensure that the ground water is not polluted. This calls for extensive training in provision and more so in operation of such structures besides effective monitoring. Water pricing / tariff structure needs to be self sustainable and atleast meet O&M costs in full. A tariff regulatory commission may be set up so that the tariff set by the DJB are accepted by the people. Uninterrupted power supply with stable voltage is a necessity for proper & smooth operation of WTPs & Booster pumping stations. Years before (In 1967), during the tenure of Dr K.L.Rao, Union Minister for Irrigation & Power, a proposal was considered to establish an impounded reservoir in the Aravali hills of Dhauj & Kot near Faridabad to store the flood waters of river Yamuna and set up a 100 MGD WTP to meet water requirements of South Delhi. This was not steered through on account of Geological considerations. This can be reexamined using the latest techniques of engineering & geology and if through, people of South Delhi & Faridabad could be benefited and the storage could be established as a joint venture of the Govts of Delhi & Haryana.
9.
10.
11. 12.
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ANNEX 8.1 CHANGE IN INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN WATER SUPPLY Delhi Jal Board - With the enactment of the Delhi water Board Act 1998, all functions and responsibilities of the DWS & SDU were assumed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). As of now Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible for procurement of raw water, treatment and supply to the three constituents and responsible for distribution of water supply and related works in MCD area. DJB is also responsible to collect, transmit, treatment and disposal of waste water from the three constituents and for operation & maintenance of sewer system within the MCD area. The Delhi Joint Water & Sewerage Board - The Delhi Joint Water and Sewerage Board came into existence in the year 1926 and was responsible for operation and maintenance of Delhi Water Works and supplying water in bulk to the FIVE local bodies in Delhi,which in turn supplied water in their respective areas. Post Independence Scenario - India attained independence from the British rule on the 15th August 1947. Consequent upon partition of the country, there was a tremendous influx of people to Delhi, raising its population of 9.18 lakhs in 1941 to 17.44 lakhs in 1951. This called for substantial augmentation of water supply, which was raised from 35 MGD /159 MLD in 1948 to 60 MGD / 272 MLD in 1955. Jaundice Epidemic & Construction of Wazirabad Barrage - Delhi witnessed a jaundice epidemic in November 1955. On the recommendation of the Jaundice Enquiry Committee, a barrage was constructed across the river Yamuna and completed in 1959. While the barrage created pondage to enable withdrawal of water from the river, it also facilitated in keeping the river course towards the right bank. The Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking (DWS & SDU) - With the creation of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) in 1958 by an act of Parliament, numerous local bodies became a part of the MCD, except the New Delhi Municipal Committee and the Cantonment Board. The Delhi Joint Water & Sewerage Board became an undertaking of the MCD and was named as The Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking (DWS & SDU) having the responsibility to procure , treat and transmit water for the entire Union Territory of Delhi and to distribute water in the MCD area. With an ever increasing population, growing at an alarming rate of approximately 5% per annum, water shortage started being felt inspite of raising the treatment capacity to 97 MGD / 440 MLD by 1961 for a population of 26.44 lakhs. Contamination of Water Supply of Delhi in 1964 - Contamination of the Delhi Water Supply occurred in September 1964 and the causes of contamination were enquired by the Committee constituted by the Ministry of Health, Govt. of India under the Chairmanship of Shri P. S. Naskar, Union Deputy Minister of Health. The Committee also went into recommending short term and long term remedial measures. An important recommendation needs to be undertaken related to Unit Rate of Water supply @ 50 GPCD / 225 LPCD for domestic needs and a separate provision needs to be made for water demand for Industries and Gardening needs. The report also identified future sources of water supply to meet growing water requirements of Delhi till 2001. These sources were Bhakra reservoir, Ramganga project, and dams on river Yamuna and its tributaries such as Kishau dam. The water requirements for a projected population of 100 lakhs by 2001 AD were
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estimated at 766 MGD (3468 MLD) at an overall per capita rate of water supply of 76 GPCD / 345 LPCD. There was extensive development and construction of housing in the Trans Yamuna area, South Delhi, and South West Delhi which called for identifying additional sources of water supply. Under an agreement with the Govt of UP, a 100 MGD /455 MLD Bhagirathi Water Treatment plant was established in Trans Yamuna area in 1984, drawing raw water from the Upper Ganga Canal through a closed conduit.
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ANNEX 8.2 TYPE AND RATES OF WATER TARIFF IN DELHI Water tariff is in two parts: Service charges / fixed access charges based built-up area per month per connection; Volumetric water consumption charges (a) Service charges / Fixed Access charges based on built up area per month per connection:
Categories Category -1(A) JJ & Resettlement colonies / Rural Areas / Janta Flats / LIG / MIG / HIG / Single Room Tenements / Type I / II / III / IV Govt. Quarters and other houses having built up area upto 200 sq. mts only; and Religious places / Dharamshalas / Cremation grounds / orphanages / Homes for destitute / Piaos / Institutes for Physically handicapped & Mentally retarded persons. Hostels & Educational Institutes / Attached Hostels / Working Women's Hostels irrespective of built up area. Category - 1(B) Residential Premises having built up area above 200 sq mts area Category II Non domestic Premises Service Charges @ Rs 40.00 per month per connection (M)
Rs. 120.00 per month per water connection Rs. 250.00 per month Rs 600.00 per month
Category III Non domestic Premises
(b) Volumetric Water Consumption Charges:

Category I Upto 6 KL 0.0 7 to 20 KL 2.0 21 to 30 KL 7.0 Above 30 KL 10.0 Category II Upto 25 KL 10.0 25 to 50 KL 20.0 Above 50 KL 30.0 Category III Upto 25 KL 15.0 25 to 50 KL 25.0 50 to 100 KL 35.0 Above 100 KL 50.0
Water charges based on actual consumption and to be calculated as 1.5 B X. Hence the bill will be calculated as follows: P = M + 1.5 B X Where, M = Service Charges (Rs) B = Block tariff rate per KL (Rs per KL) X = Units consumed in Kls (Number) Volumetric consumption for JJ colonies / Rural Areas will be based on an assumption of 10 KLs consumption per household per month till the time metering in these areas is not accomplished. The consumers in such colonies and rural areas shall also pay the Service Charges. 50% of water consumption charges are towards sewerage maintenance. In addition, Water Cess Charges shall continue to be recovered at the previous rate of 2 paise per KL till revised by the Central Government / DJB. Meter maintenance (rent) charge @ Rs 10.00 PM in case of DJB supplied meters after expiry of warranty period.
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In the context of Multistoried houses or a number of housing units in the same plot area, it is clarified that the service charges will be levied as per covered / built up area on each connection sanctioned and for each respective premise in a multistoried complex, on the built up area of each unit having independent connection. Service charge with regard to bulk water connection (excluding NDMC, MES etc.) including Group Housing societies shall be levied for each of the constituent units. DJB employees, residing either in DJB allotted staff quarter or other than DJB accommodation, shall be billed as per the approved water tariff, as in the case of any other consumer. However, as a welfare measure, a concession of 50% on flat rate basis against the total amount of bill will be allowed subject to the condition that the water connection is in the name of employee and water is used for domestic use only. Till such time water meters are installed in the DJB allotted accommodation. The rate of provisional billing will be as under subject to review on the basis of actual consumption as recorded by the installed meter; Type of accommodation Type I/ II / III Type IV /V Classification of Consumer Categories Usage of water will be of three categories for billing for various purposes. Category I Category II Category III restaurants, Domestic Non Domestic Non Domestic like Hotels with lodging facilities, Industrial Units, AC banquet halls, Cinema Halls etc. Provisional average per month 10 KL 20 KL
If more than 30% of the floor area of premises is used for non domestic purposes, the entire premises will be treated as Category II or III (as the case may be). In case of any dispute, the decision of Director of Revenue shall be final and binding. In case of such mixed land use premises, if there are separate water connections installed for different uses, the bill will be raised accordingly. The Estimated Bulk Issue rate of Water for 2006 - 2007 is Rs. 6.01 DJB will introduce a new scheme for new water connection towards composite services in laying MDPE pipe line etc at the door step of the consumer at the following rates; Category Charges per connection
I Rs 2500 II Rs 4000 III Rs 6000 In case of category I, the prospective consumer may opt for payment of connection charges in four quarterly installments.
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ANNEX 8.3 MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI PERSPECTIVE 2001 (MPD-2001) MPD 2001 was published in the Gazette of India vide notification dated 1st August 1990 and under Infrastructure: Physical dealt at length Water Supply. Requirement of Water supply has been worked out at 80 GPCD / 363 LPCD with the following breakup: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Domestic Industrial commercial and community requirement based on 45,000 liter / ha / day Fire protection based on 1 % of total Gardening based on 67,000 liter / ha / day For floating population and special users like embassies, big hotels 225 47 4 35 52
With the provision that minimum water supply in any residential area should be 135 litres (30 gallons) per capita per day. The projected population by 2001 AD was 128 lakhs and thus estimated water requirement was 4660 MLD (1024 MGD). A perusal of review note for Master Plan Delhi 1962, which forms Annexture VI to the MPD-2001 with special reference to water supply states The standard adopted by Master Plan, 50 gallons per capita per day for the city of Delhi as a whole was rather low, the standard is being revised to 80 gallons per capita per day. Estimation of Water Requirements by DJB As per CPHHEO Manual, rate of domestic water supply for Metro cities is 150 lpcd at consumers point, and allowing 15% losses in distribution at production point Industrial, Commercial, Community needs @ 45000 liters / ha / day Special uses, embassies, floating population, hotels, airports, railway stations etc. Fire protection @ 1 % of total demand Total Approx 172 lpcd
47 lpcd 52 lpcd 3 lpcd 274 lpcd 60 GPCD
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Chapter 9 : City Sewerage System
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 9 City Sewerage System
CHAPTER - 9 CITY SEWERAGE SYSTEM

9.1 INTRODUCTION 80 % of water supply is returned as waste water, as such 80% of 670 MGD by optimization in 2006 works out to 536 MGD, however there is considerable abstraction of ground water to meet water requirements by individual households. Based on a study conducted in the year 1999 to assess actual quantity of sewage generated, it was observed that as against 580 MGD of planned water supply, the observed sewage generation was 599 MGD. The sewage generation in Delhi has been assessed at 719 MGD in 2005 (by the CPCB - Feb 2005) as against planned water production of 670 MGD of water by DJB indicating water usage of almost 900 MGD of water. With the partial commissioning of Sonia Vihar Water Treatment Plant water supply is augmented by about 65 MGD thus generating another 52 MGD of sewage. Thus in all fairness sewage generation as on date appears to be in the vicinity of 719 + 80% of 65 = 52 + generation on account of additional ground water usage after CPCB report = 800 MGD approximately. The present installed capacity of STPs is 512.6 MGD, thus a wide gap of almost 300 MGD. DJB is responsible for collection, transportation and treatment of sewage for the entire NCTD, and operation & maintenance of system in MCD area. 9.2 SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM Sewerage facilities are provided through net work of sewers in planned colonies, unauthorised / regularised colonies, urban villages and JJ Resettlement colonies. As per present policy sewers are not provided in unauthorised colonies and rural villages. Year-wise status of sewerage system has been presented in Table 9.1 Table 9.1: Year-wise status of sewerage system
Head Trunk Sewer (Km) Branch Sewer (Km) Unauthorized / regularized colonies 567 Urban villages (135) 99-00 130 4693 366 82 00-01 132 5653 402 93 01-02 135 5703 427 93 02-03 140 5844 458 93 03-04 143.6 5956 482 98 04-05 147 6000 493 99 05-06 150.54 6070 506 105
Source : Delhi Jal Board, Delhi
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Sewer System has since been provided in all the 44 JJ resettlement colonies. It was targeted to be provided in all unauthorized - regularised colonies and urban villages by the end of 8th Five Year Plan (1992-97),work is yet to be executed in a number of such areas on account of various considerations, as such sewage generated from such areas finds access into storm water drains ultimately discharging into the river (Refer Table 9.2). Table 9.2: Status of Population Coverage in different sewerage zones
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sewerage Zone Rithala Coronation pillar Keshopur Trans Yamuna Okhla Total Population (Lakhs) Served Not served 16.70 5.56 7.72 2.57 17.39 5.78 20.99 6.99 26.51 8.84 89.24 29.74 Total 22.26 10.29 23.14 27.98 35.35 119.02
Source : Delhi Jal Board, Delhi
9.2.1 Sewerage Facilities in Rural Villages As per Census 2001, population of rural Delhi is 9,63,215 the waste water1 generated is 97.5 MLD. Waste water generated has been provided partial on site treatment by providing Septic tanks by individuals and in absence of such facility waste water (sewage) has been flowing through surface drainage system, resulting in pollution of river Yamuna2. On account of partial treatment from some of the STPs and sewage flows from un-sewered areas and overflows from existing sewer system into surface drains; the river is rendered like an open sewer downstream of Wazirabad barrage till Okhla barrage in Delhi segment of river, which is by far the most polluted segment of the river. 9.2.2 Sanitation in Slum and JJ Cluster About 520 Jansuvidha Complexes containing approx 17,282 w.c.seats and approx 6093 baths provided. 203 Mobile Toilet Vans containing approx. 2842 WC seats provided. Non availability of NOCs from Land Owning agencies and constraint of space due to over densification of JJ Clusterss are the major hurdles in provision of such facilities in JJ Clusters (Refer Box 1)
Box 1 : Provision of Pay and Use Jansuvidha Complex in Slum / JJ Cluster To curb the habit of mass defecation in open, Slum & JJ Department initiated for the first time construction of Pay & Use Jansuvidha Complexes w.e.f. 1987 for the benefit of slum/JJ dwellers by utilising the services of NGOs / Voluntary Organisations for construction as well as management, operation and maintenance of services provided therein. It has taken leadership in providing mobile toilet vans containing W.C. Seats for provision of facilities where land pockets are not available in jhuggie clusters or in the absence of facilities.
1 Water supply has been provided in rural villages. So far sewers were not provided in rural villages for want of availability of a minimum 30 GPCD /135 lpcd of water supply. 2 DJB will conduct a detailed survey for providing sewerage services and its treatment facilities in rural villages for which the work of carrying out techno-economic-feasibility study of 189 villages has been awarded to two cosultants on 31.3.2006.
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9.3
NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) NDMC population as per census 2001 is 1,71,806. The NDMC receives 115 to 120 MLD water in bulk through 19 bulk meters (as on date 8 meters are reported to be non functional) from the DJB and draws 18 to 20 MLD of groundwater drawn from 137 tube wells (effective No. 122) to supplement water supply in its area having 352 km length of water mains (4 inches to 42 inches in diameter) and operates 23 UGR & BPS. The distribution system is maintained by the NDMC. 80% of water supplied by DJB is considered as sewerage received from NDMC. In effect 80% of ground water drawn from tube wells should also be considered. Sewer system is in existence having a length of 350 km varying from 4 inches to 2100 mm in diameter. Sewer System including two Sewage Pumping Stations is operated and maintained by NDMC. Brick sewers are old and settlements are occasionally observed both on brick sewers as well as NP2 class RCC sewers. Sewage is delivered to DJB for treatment.
9.4
DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD (DCB) 80% of water supplied (7.8 mgd average) is considered as sewerage received from DCB. In effect 80% of ground water drawn from tube wells should also be considered. Sewerage is being disposed off in the central sewerage line along the station road going to Keshopur STP.
9.5
SPECIAL PROVISIONS Relating to NDMC, DCB and MES (In brief) The DJB shall be bound to supply water to the NDMC and DCB, MES at the place or places act, which immediately before the commencement of the DJB Act, the Delhi Water Supply & Swerage Disposal undertaking of the MCD used to supply water in bulk. Provided that the quantity of water supply shall not be less than the quantity supplied before commence of the Act. The board shall be bound to receive in bulk all sewerage from these bodies for treatment and disposal
9.6
TREATMENT SYSTEM About 65% population is covered by sewerage system including on site treatment by septic tanks, and sewage generated from the remaining population is going through a number of surface drains into the river. At present there are 17 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), equipped to treat 512.4 MGD of sewage capacities varying from 2.2 MGD to 140 MGD.
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Table 9.3 shows the Designed Capacity, Operational capacity and capacity for enhancement of STPs by 2011 as proposed by DJB. Table 9.3: Design & Operational Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant
Capacity of Plant MGD 40.0 2.2 5.0 72.0 45.0 5.0 5.0 40.0 10.0 140.0 20.0 80.0 15.0 2.2 6.0 20.0 Operating Capacity Inflow as on 02.05.05 25.92 2.42 -74.00 36.08 1.25 0.20 5.00 0.50 136.79 9.00 39.81 -2.39 2.00 6.16 Additional Capacity to be created by 2011 MGD 10.0 15.0 --45.08 --30.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 --25.0
Name of STP Year of Commissioning
1. Coronation pillar in 4 phases of 10 MGD 2. Delhi gate 3. Ghitorni 4. Keshopur in 3 phases, I-12 MGD (1958), II-20 MGD (1978), III-40 MGD (1988) 5. Kondli in 3 phases : I-10 MGD (1987), II25 MGD, (1999), III-10 MGD (1999) 6. 7. 8. 9. Mehrauli 2003 Najafgarh Nilothi 2002 Narela 1999
10. Okhla in 5 phases 30 MGD plant3 11. Papankalan( Dwarka ) 2002 12. Rithala in 2 phases of 40 MGD each I 40 MGD in 1988 II 40 MGD in 2001 - 2003 13. Rohini sector 24 -25 partially in 2002 14. Dr Sen Nursing Home Nala 1998 15. Timarpur Oxidation ponds 16. Yamuna Vihar in 2 phases I 10 MGD 1998 II 10 MGD 2002 17. Vasant Kunj in 2 phases I 2.2 MGD in 1988 II 3.0 MGD in 1998 18. Cantonment TOTAL Proposed Capacity by the year 2011
5.2 -512.6
3.89 -345.61 Say 346 MGD
-8.0 293.0
512.6 + 293.0 = 805.6 MGD
The cumulative inflow of sewage at all the STPs is 345.41 MGD based on a study conducted in May 2005 and continues to be same as of now (2006). Treated sewage effluents by and large confirm to the standards set forth by DJB as also to the consent conditions set by DPCC, BOD 20 mg/l and SS 30 mg/l; except Keshopur STP.
3 18 MGD in 1937 + 12 MGD in 1991, 12 MGD plant: Prior filtration plant in 1954 changed to ASP in 1983, 45 MGD plant : one primary clarifier, PST 1954 and 2 PSTs in 1963, 37 MGD plant : 2 PSTs of 11 MGD each in 1982 + 1 PST of 15 MGD in 1991, Secondary treatment of 37 MGD in 1991, 16 MGD plant: in 1999
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Keshopur STP is in urgent need of renovation and as of now does not treat sewage to desired standards resulting in partially treated sewage going into surface drains. As of now 800 - 346 = 454 MGD of untreated sewage and another 72 to 74 MGD of partially treated sewage, ie; 454 + 72 = 526 MGD sewage goes to the river system through 19 outfall drains (16 directly into the river and 3 into Agra canal).
Figure 9.1, 17 STPs river Yamuna and the various drains outfalling into the river
9.6.1 Type of Treatment All the STPs are designed on Activated Sludge Process, except (a) 10 MGD STP at Coronation STP with Bio filters, (b) 2.2 MGD STPs each at Delhi Gate and Dr Sen Nursing Home nalla with high rate Bio filters / Densadeg Technology, (c) Mehrauli, Najafgarh & Vasant kunj STPs with extended aeration and (d) 40 MGD Rithala STP II with UASB technology (Refer Table 9.4) Table 9.4: Growth of Water & Sewage Treatment Capacities in Delhi
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Year 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1985 Population 9.18 17.54 26.58 40.66 62.22 Capacity of Treatment Water Sewage MLD MGD MLD MGD 75 16.5 190 42.0 82 18.0 349 77.0 254 56.0 785 173.0 440 97.0 1144 252.0 590 130.0 1561 344.0 690 152.0
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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
1987 1989 1991 1994 1997 2001 2006
93.70 137.80 165.00 (estimated)
1802 1857 2129 2384 2611 3587
397.0 409.0 469.0 525.0 575.0 790.0
745 835 1135 1271 1271 2327
164.0 184.0 250.0 280.0 280.0 512.6
Source: Delhi Jal Board, Delhi
From the above it is observed that the capacity of sewage treatment has not kept pace with growth of water supply. Apparently due to meeting water requirements of the growing population getting priority. The existing capacity needs to be optimally utilized and steps taken to augment the same to meet requirements by 2011 & 2021 complying with standards of treatment (Refer Box 2).
Box 2 : CPCB Observation on the Sewage in Delhi CPCB observed that less than 50% of entire sewage of Delhi is being collected and treated. Therefore to achieve the maximum removal of pollution load with the funds available, it was recommended to make arrangements for treatment of the entire sewage upto secondary level to achieve BOD <20 mg/l and SS <30 mg/l on priority basis rather than treating part of sewage to tertiary level to achieve BOD,10 mg/l, TSS<15 mg/l and FC<2500 MPN/100 ml while leaving significant part of sewage untreated. Afterwards, when secondary treatment facility for at leat 90% of sewage is installed, all the STPs need to be augmented with tertiary treatment facilities for removal of FC to a standard 2500 MPN/100 ml so that the main objective of maintaining quality of Yamuna River may be fulfilled.
9.7
DISPOSAL SYSTEM The details of treated effluent utilisation are as presented below:
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Treated effluent supplied to CPWD for horticultural purposes in Luytens Delhi from Okhla STP Treated Effluent supplied to Pragati Power Plant from Dr Sen Nursing Home nala and Delhi gate Nala STPs Treated Effluent supplied to DDA for Japanese Park from Rithala STP Treated Effluent Supplied to Minor irrigation Deptt. from Okhla STP (42 cusec),from keshopur STP (37 cusec), and from Coronation STP(70 cusec); Total 149 cusec for irrigation purposes Total
20.0 MGD 4.0 MGD 8.0 MGD 80.5 MGD
109.5 MGD
Biogas : During 2004-2005, 1680 lakh cft of bio gas was generated from Okhla which was supplied to residents having gas connections in adjacent colonies. 6325499 Kwh units of electricity were generated through bio gas engines at Rithala STP II. Sewage Sludge : 20,90,200 cft of sludge was lifted from different STPs.
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9.8
SEWERAGE CHARGES AND COLLECTIONS 50% of water consumption charges are included in water bill on account of sewer maintenance charges. Total collection in 2002-03 against sewage charges are Rs. 2335 million. Rs. 100 is charged as sewer connection fees and Rs. 1,600 is charged against road restoration fees (Refer Table 9.5). Table 9.5: Sewage collection Charges by DJB.
2000-01 779726 1366 35704 84 10467 24 825898 1475 2001-02 817206 1835 35640 101 10432 29 863280 1967 2002-03 827507 2175 34447 122 10246 36 872200 2334 Average 808146 1792 35264 103 10382 30 853793 1925
MCD Area NDMC DCB TOTAL
Quantity (ML) Value (Million) Quantity (ML) Value (Million) Quantity (ML) Value (Million) Quantity (ML) Value (Million)
9.9
INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER There are 28 planned Industrial estates in the NCTD generating an estimated 48 MGD / 218 MLD of waste water. It has been decided to treat waste water from industries separately. As per directions of the Hon Supreme Court of India 15 Combined Effluent Plants (CETPs) were to be constructed as per design provided by the NEERI.**
Figure 9.2: 28 Industrial Estates

9-7
Figure 9.3: Planned CETPs to be provided in different parts of Delhi
10 CETPs have already been constructed, and are operational with a cumulative treatment capacity of 30 MGD / 135.2 MLD Table 9.6 shows the CETPs with their capacity and effluent available (inflow) as on 22.07.2006.
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Table 9.6: CETPs with their Capacity and Effluent

S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of CETP G. T. K. Road Mangolpuri Lawrance Road Mayapuri Nangloi Badali SMA Okhla Industrial Area Jhilmil Wazirpur Capacity MLD 6.0 2.4 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 24.0 16.8 24.0 Effluent available MLD 3.0 4.0 1.0 1.6 2.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 2.0 5.0 1.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 16.0
Source: Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC)
These plants are to be operated and maintained by the associations of industrial estates. Out of these 10 CETP's, 8 CETP's have been handed over to respective societies and remaining will also be handed over. One CETP is under construction at Nariana while the construction work of remaining 4 CETP's has not been initiated as per the recommendation of EPCA. Funding Pattern for Construction of the CETP's is as under: 1. 2 3. CETPs societies Govt of Delhi Govt of India 50% 25% 25%
Delhi Government has agreed to bear the cost of conveyance system, land cost & DVB cost. 9.10 PERFORMANCE OF CETP'S AT FULL DESIGN LOAD A comprehensive performance evaluation of the CETPs of Delhi was taken up by the CPCB in two phases from June 27th to July 6th and from August 25 to 28, 2005 to assess their capability for effective treatment at full capacity during their operation. A detailed report is included in the Performance Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India published by CPCB in January, 2006. DSIDC is accountable to the Deptt of Industries, Govt of NCT of Delhi 9.11 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION 1. Whereas sewage generation is 719 MGD as per CPCB publication, Feb 2005, the cumulative inflow at the STPs is around 346 MGD only out of which 72 MGD is partially treated at Keshopur STP. Thus in effect only 346 76 = 270 MGD of sewage is fully treated. Present day generation of sewage is estimated at 800 MGD, as such 800 270 = 530 MGD of untreated sewage is polluting the river Yamuna. Keshopur STP is in URGENT need of renovation and restoration of designed capacity.
2. 3.
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4. 5. 6.
Owing to overflow from sewers into storm water drains (SWDs), there is urgent need to segregate the sewage flow from entering into SWDs. Govt. of NCT of Delhi may review the policy of laying sewers in un authorised colonies as a matter of pollution abatement. Process of laying sewers in unauthorized regularised colonies, urban villages may be reviewed and impediments removed in completing the remaining work. As many as 61 unauthorised regularised colonies and 30 urban villages are yet to be provided with sewerage system. The trunk sewers are reported to be considerably silted, and need to be desilted, repaired and renovated, where ever required, to restore their capacity in a time bound manner. Efficiency of STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations may be verified (as many of them are several years old) to ascertain to actual quantity of sewage pumped and reaching the STPs. Presently, inflows are based on rated capacity of pumping. There is need to generate power from the sewage gas obtained from the sludge digestors to tide over power problems as also as a measure of abatement of air pollution. Utilisation of treated sewage effluents for gardening and agricultural need may not only be explored but implemented as early as possible so that irrigation demand is met from treated effluents. The design capacity of CETPs needs to be optimally utilized and the conveyance system needs to be checked for full capacity utilization. A suitable methodology needs to be worked out for scientific disposal of sludge (rich in chemicals, heavy metals etc.) From these CETPs. Un-interrupted power supply and stable voltage at STPs and SPSs is a necessity to maintain sewerage treatment pumping of sewerage.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. 12. 13.
9-10
Chapter 10 : Storm Water Drainage
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 10 Storm Water Drainage
CHAPTER - 10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE

10.1 INTRODUCTION Storm water drainage of Delhi is a complex situation, owing to the combination of a number of natural and man-made drainage systems five drainage basins, large natural drains, storm water drains along the roads and combined sewer cum storm water drains (sometimes as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer lines). However, most of the water collected through different drainage systems finally get discharged into the river Yamuna. Historically it is said that the drainage system of Old Delhi was largely developed by the Mughals whereas of New Delhi by the British. There are a number of basic problems with the drains of city. A majority of the large drains are not lined. Also, there are a large number of mid-size drains that are either unlined or have damaged lining. Often the construction debris in the new drains is not cleared before commissioning and garbage is dumped on the road sides which easily find their way into the adjacent drains. Even road sweepings are pushed into the drains. The drain slabs are not repaired on time leaving convenient openings for pushing garbage and trash matter, construction debris etc. inside the drain. Open drains have become receptacles of garbage till they are completely filled up, leading to overflowing of sullage and storm water. As a result, in the rainy season the drains are unable to take the flow and spill over, flooding the roads. The drainage system in the slums is either absent or inadequate. In some areas the levels of the road have gone up with repair and renovation or new roads have been built. Even in some DDA colonies like Pitampura and Shalimar Bagh, water logging persists even after repeated attempts to redress the situation. Flooding of the roads and water logging of colonies, even with showers of medium intensity, is quite common, leading to difficult living conditions, inconvenience and traffic congestion. Spread of diseases like malaria, filaria, dengue and annual recurrence of gastroenteric diseases is a testimony to the failed drainage system. It appears that a comprehensive overview of the situation is lacking and only piecemeal solutions have been attempted at different points of development of the city. This is amply illustrated by the example in the following paragraph. A number of drains discharging into the Najafgarh drain and the Yamuna River are being diverted to the sewerage system with an intention of treating the dirty water in the sewage treatment plants and subsequently reducing the pollution load of the receiving water bodies, particularly Yamuna. However, the diverted drains (already completed ones) are actually not functional either due to blockage
10-1
or settlement of the sewer lines or some other problems. These drains carry a huge pollution load into the Yamuna (Table 10.3). 10.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM The responsibility of construction and maintenance of the large drains (natural) is with the Irrigation and Flood Control Department of the Delhi Government. However disposal of the silt removed from these drains is the responsibility of the respective Municipal Bodies, under whose jurisdiction the de-silting is done. Delhi Jal Board looks after drains with more than 1000 cusec discharge. The Public Works Department (Delhi Government) is responsible for the drains in some identified areas. The three Local Bodies Municipal Corporation of Delhi, New Delhi Municipal Council and Delhi Cantonment Board have the mandate to look after the construction and maintenance (including de-silting) of the drains in their respective areas, which are aligned with the roads. The last Master Plan for storm water drainage of Delhi was prepared by the Master Plan Organization set up by the Irrigation and Flood Control Department during the period 1972-1976 (finalized in 1977). An Expert Committee was set up by the Delhi Administration to give guidance to this activity. This Master Plan took into account the urbanization limits up to the year 1981. However, while according approval, the Committee of Experts suggested that a fresh review of the drainage issues be taken while doing the Master Plan 2021. Till date the Master Plan for storm water drainage of Delhi has not been revised. Keeping in view the inadequacy of storm water drainage, particularly in the unplanned (un-authorized or regularized) and some other colonies of the city, which is highlighted during the rains every year, a revised master plan needs to be prepared at the earliest. This master plan should consider urbanization limits till 2021. There is also a need to develop run-off norms for Delhi before making a new plan. A Committee of Experts may be set up under the Chairmanship of Member (RM), Central Water Commission (who has a fully equipped Hydrology Directorate working under him), with Chief Engineers of all the Civic Agencies to finalize the run-off norms and also the terms of reference for the preparation of the revised master plan for storm water drainage in Delhi. At the same time the extent of urbanization and industrialization have to be ascertained from the various local authorities, such as, MCD, NDMC, DCB, DDA, DSIDC, PWD, Irrigation and Flood department etc. Proper disposal of storm water is one of the crucial components of urban infrastructure services. In most part of the city, wherever low lying colonies have been developed by the Civic Agencies, the responsibility of disposal of storm water lies with the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. Pumping facilities are required for such situations although non-availability of adequate space (about 1000 sq.m.) is a constraint and stagnation of water persists. Consequently, the residents have to suffer. One way out would be to provide such space so that the pumping facilities can be set up. One of the fundamental issues normally neglected in our country is the comprehensive design of roads, drains, sewers and other utility network like water pipe, electric and communication cables etc. and their careful and
10-2
meticulous execution. Instead, the foundation as well as the surface of the roads, are not proper leading to early damage due to movement and weather conditions. Bad surface of the roads lead to more dust and debris during road sweepings and also further damage to the surface. At least part of this dust and debris get into the adjacent drains. At the same time suitable ducts / pipes should be provided under the foot path to accommodate cables, pipes etc. so that the road is not dug up time and again. 10.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE Delhi, topography created a drainage system that carried rain and storm water from the higher elevations of the West to the Yamuna, providing a natural drainage. While the Eastern, low-lying side was originally a part of the flood plain of the river and considered un-inhabitable due to frequent floods. However, settlements in this area also began with the immigration after year 1947. Today, this Eastern wing which is also known as the Trans Yamuna area houses about 20% of the total population of Delhi. 10.3.1 Natural Drainage System The city has been divided into six drainage zones (i) Northern Zone, (ii) Western Zone, (iii) Central North West and South East Zone, (iv) Central South and South East Zone, (v) East Zone and (vi) South Zone. The length of natural drain in the city is 350 km carrying discharge of 1000 m3. Table 10.1 presents the catchment area of the natural drains in the city. Table 10.1 Drainage Channels and Catchments for Delhi
S. No. 1 Catchments Location Length of main drains (km) 140 Drainage channels Supplementary Bhiwana Escape No. 6 drain New Drain Mungeshpur Najafgarh Palam BhupaniaChudania (from Haryana) Khushak and Barapulla drains (nallah) Shahdara outfall Ghazipur Trunk drain No. 1 6 Mehrauli South 5 Discharge (cumecs) 141 33 52 283 86 40 120 158 86
Alipur
North
2 3
Kanjhawala Najafgarh
West Central-North, West and South-West
120 105
4 5
KhushakBarapulla TransYamuna
Central-South and South-East East
45
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10.3.2 Man-made drainage System The total length of drains is 1700 kms spread over 12 municipal zones. There are around 1300 drains with 339 km in Civil Lines Area and 5 kms in Paharganj Sadar Area (Refer Table 10.2) Table 10.2 : Existing Drains in Delhi under MCD
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Zone Central South Sadar-Paharganj Karolbagh City Zone Civil Lines Shahadara South Shahadara North Narela Rohini West Najafgarh Total Number of drains 41 127 10 47 10 77 174 197 84 142 185 202 1296 Total length of drains (km) 47 102 4.5 23 8.6 339 134 135 83 180 410 228 1694.1
Source: Nav Bharat Times, New Delhi, 31st July, 2006
Table 10.3 shows that the BOD level in four of the ten drains is in the range of 100-200, in two of the drains in the range of 200-300 and in three out of ten drains above 300 mg/litre. Thus in 90 % of these drains the discharge is comparable to a range of weak to strong domestic sewage. Table 10.3: BOD load (TPD) contributed to river Yamuna by different drains in Delhi stretch
S. No. Drain Min 64.60 0.36 0.07 0.03 0.19 0.85 0.25 0.03 3.55 4.58 8.50 0.17 3.70 BOD load (TPD) Max 459.53 3.93 1.76 1.05 1.95 9.34 8.16 0.26 28.00 25.41 66.65 3.19 44.39 Average 121.57 1.61 0.73 0.25 0.54 3.42 1.50 0.10 12.89 10.61 28.17 0.63 21.41 % BOD Load Contribution 32.99 0.44 0.20 0.07 0.15 0.93 0.41 0.03 3.50 2.88 7.64 0.17 5.81
1. Najafgarh Drain 2. Magazine Road Drain 3. Sweepers Colony Drain 4. Khyber Pass Drain 5. Metcalf House Drain 6. ISBT Drain 7. Tonga Stand Drain 8. Moat Drain 9. Civil Mill Drain 10. Delhi Gate Drain 11. Sen Nursing Home Drain 12. Drain No. 12A 13. Drain No. 14
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S. No. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Drain Min 0.06 8.75 0.05 0.38 0.23 27.75 7.74 0.32 7.18 139.34
BOD load (TPD) Max 103.20 60.51 1.71 2.77 1.71 203.40 86.86 6.29 56.60 1176.67
Average 14.30 23.99 0.49 1.43 0.68 64.71 39.93 2.33 17.25 368.54
% BOD Load Contribution 3.88 6.51 0.13 0.39 0.18 17.56 10.83 0.63 4.68 100
Barapulla Drain Maharani Bagh Drain Kalkaji Drain Tehkhand Drain Tughlaqabad Drain Shahdara Drain Sarita Vihar Drain Drain at LPG Bottling Plant 22. Drain near Sarita Vihar Bridge Total
Source : CPCB Annual Report, 2001-02
10.4
ISSUES For a fast growing mega city spread over 1483 square kilometers with built areas, undulated and ridge areas, having multiple drainage basins and finally holding a population of 14 millions, it is a very complex task to have a detailed overview of the overall drainage situation and translate this into a workable comprehensive drainage plan. Detailed information regarding the topography of the whole city, invert levels of all the natural and man-made drains, invert levels of the corresponding sewer lines, information about linkage of underground sewer drains and storm water drains would be required through a meticulous survey. The task becomes even more complicated due to the actual situation of storm water drainage described above. Storm water drainage is meant to carry storm water (rain water) and any other clean surface water. It is fundamentally not suitable or designed for carrying sewage or industrial waste water or even septic tank effluent. Even the effluent from the sewage treatment plant can not be discharged into it unless it meets the norms set by the BIS code and the Central Pollution Control Board. Therefore one of the urgent tasks should be to make plans for diversion of all waste water (both domestic and industrial) from surface drains. Roads and drains need to be planned, designed and constructed together so that there is a proper linkage between them and they serve the purpose of not only drainage and collection of surface water on the roads but also facilitate road sweeping and separate collection of solid waste. Some of the drains are from the Mughal period and have heritage value. These need to be revived in a suitable manner keeping in view their historical content and their present context. These could, for example be vehicles of ground water recharge through a green sheet of grass and shrubs and a functional lined drain in the middle to carry the lean time discharge.
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There should be strict instructions to the construction agencies to clear all debris and construction material from within the drains before covering the slabs. This is crucial for proper functioning of the drains. For cleaning / desilting of major covered drains, 6 nos. of 'Super Sucker's are recommended. A report entitled 'Waste Water Management : South Delhi Greenway Project' prepared by the IIT, Delhi has outlined an innovative way to rejuvenate the natural drainage system for Barapulla drain through waste water treatment and modification of the cross section of the drain. Similar projects should be prepared for all the major drains mentioned at Table 10.3 above so that the problem can be solved from the very root in a long term sustainable way. An appropriate 'Drainage Authority of NCT' should be created to deal with all sewer, storm water and natural drains within the NCT area in a comprehensive manner.
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Chapter 11 : Review of Road Network and Transport System
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 11 Review of Road Network & Transport System
CHAPTER - 11 REVIEW OF ROAD NETWORK AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM

11.1 INTRODUCTION Delhi being the capital city is the center of socio economic, cultural and political activities of the country. The city also acts as a major center of trade and commerce and is the nodal point for five national highways and intercity rail corridors, carrying large volumes of heterogeneous passenger and goods traffic. The national highways and other major road network carry intra city and intercity traffic traversing to and from the different parts of the country. The transport system of Delhi consists of a well-developed transport network system, based on ring and radial pattern, large fleet of buses (DTC & CNG) and a suburban rail system including MRTS. The majority share of travel needs of Delhi commuters is met by road based transport systems. There has been a major improvement in transport infrastructure in recent years in terms of flyovers, road widening, new roads development and development of metro rail corridors along major routes of travel in the city. Due to continuous increase in population, employment opportunities and number of vehicles, there is a constant increase in demand over the years; and infrastructure has not grown in adequate proportions making the existing network system function beyond its capacity. This has led to serious traffic problems of congestion, delays, safety, pollution and system management. The transportation system being multidisciplinary and multidimensional requires integration and co-ordination amongst the various agencies. Multi agency planning and implementation add to overall inefficiency due to interagency interests and conflicts. The major activities and agencies involved in this sector are presented in Table 11.1. Table 11.1: Activities & Agencies in Transport Sector
S.No. 1. Activities Construction & Maintenance of roads, flyovers/ ROB /RUB, Pedestrian subways etc. Agencies Involved Delhi Development Authority Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Cantonment Board Irrigation & Flood Control Dept. Delhi Tourism & Tpt. Dev. Corp.
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S.No. 2.
Activities Protection of Right of Way from encroachment
Agencies Involved Delhi Development Authority Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Cantonment Board JJ & Slum Dept. Delhi Police Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Vidyut Board Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. Delhi Police Delhi Jal Board Gas Authority of India Limited Irrigation & Flood Control Dept. Ministry of Urban Development Delhi Development Authority Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Cantonment Board Delhi Transport Corporation Delhi Urban Arts Commission Indian Railways Trans Yamuna Dev. Board State Transport Authority Indian Railways Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Delhi Transport Corporation Inland Waterways Authority of India Delhi Multimodal Integrated Transport Systems Ltd. Ministry of Urban Development Delhi Development Authority Land and Building Dept. GNCTD Transport Authority Ministry of Road & Transport
3.
Shifting & Rehabilitation of services and structures from footpaths and roads
4.
Detailed Planning for Road & Infrastructure Dept.
5.
Regulation and control of mss transport system
6.
Control of ribbon development
The main agencies involved in managing the transport sector are State Transport Authority --- registration of vehicles, routing of public transport services P.W.D., M.C.D. --- Construction and maintenance of roads, D.T.C. operating public bus transport system, D.D.A. --- Construction of roads in newly planned areas N.H.A.I. --- Construction and maintenance of National Highways D.M.R.C. is responsible for Metro Rail
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Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transport system limited (DIMTS), a new agency, has been created for management of new public transport systems in the city of Delhi with a budget of 150 crore1. However, the scope of this agency is limited to mass transport systems in Delhi --there is an urgent need for Delhi Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority whose scope can even be extended to DMA and NCR towns for coordination and implementation of projects and priorities. Until such an agency/authority is established a policy level committee may be set up involving various agencies.
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SITUATION ANALYSIS TRANSPORT NETWORKS Delhi is predominantly dependant on road based transport systems as the railways caters to only about 1% of local traffic demand. The poly-nucleated urban structure of Delhi has a hierarchical system of commercial and shopping centers besides well-distributed industrial areas. Widespread distribution of employment centers all over the urban space of Delhi has contained the growth in length of trips. The residential areas are located around the economic activities. The shorter trip lengths and inadequate public transport system has fueled the growth of private modes of travel at a rapid rate in the city. Transport network of Delhi consists of road network and rail network catering to intra city and inter city movement of traffic. The freight traffic is also substantial as Delhi acts as collection and distribution center.
11.2.1 Road Network The road network in Delhi is being developed and maintained by NHAI, DDA, PWD, MCD, NDMC and Delhi cantonment Board. There are nine major inter urban corridors catering to major intercity traffic. These are NH1, NH2, NH8, NH10, NH24, NH24 BYPASS, NH58, NH57 and Loni road (SH) connecting Delhi to DMA & NCR Towns and to the rest of the country. In addition, traffic enters the city through other arterials and sub arterials roads at more than forty locations. The road network in Delhi was 28,500 Km. in March 20012. The road network has increased from 8380 Km. in 1971-72 to 28,500 Km. in 2001 (three times). The road network can be categorized into four types i.e. Arterial roads, sub arterial roads, minor arterial roads and collector roads. About 1100 Km. of road length are provided with right of way 30 m and above, while another 1000 Km. form the major links carrying the traffic in Delhi. Road network accounts for about 21% of the total area, which is above average of 12 to 15 % for urban areas. This translates into a road density of 19.2 Km. per Sq. Km (for 1483 sq. kms); and 38 kms per Sq. Km, considering the current urban area of 750 sq. kms. Being already on the high side, this limits the potential for increase in road length.
For the construction and implementation of one corridor of the High Capacity Bus System Data presented in this section has been extracted from secondary sources. The latest data available at the overall city level has been used (source and year have been mentioned ).
2 1
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The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH-8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T.Road ( NH1 ), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials whereas Mahatma Gandhi Road ( Ring Road ), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials carrying bulk of traffic in the city. The expansion of the road network and the growth of vehicular traffic in Delhi has resulted in the installation of traffic signals at short distances. There are more than 700 signalized intersections located all over Delhi to control traffic operations and ensure smooth flow of traffic. These signalized intersections have led to excessive time and fuel consumption for all vehicular trips. The Delhi Traffic Police has introduced Area Traffic Control (ATC) System in Central Delhi covering about 48 intersections to provide real time green phases to cater to changing traffic needs. To provide uninterrupted movement of traffic, a special program to construct flyovers was initiated in Delhi. During the 9th five-year plan, 11 flyovers/ROB/Grade separators were constructed in Delhi by various agencies (PWD, DDA, DTTDC and MCD). This program of construction of flyovers has been continuing in the 10th Five Year Plan and 10 flyovers were constructed and 12 flyovers are under construction at various locations in Delhi. However, the absence of right turning loops at many of the flyovers are causing enormous delays for right turning traffic. REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY Existing road network for connectivity of Delhi with rest of the region is a four lane or six lane divided carreiageway. NHAI is converting the road connecting Delhi to Gurgaon into an eight-lane Toll expressway that is of 28 Km. length (18 Km. in Haryana and 10 Km. in Delhi). The project is being constructed on BOT basis. DMA towns of Faridabad, Rohtak, Sonepat, Gaziabad, NOIDA are well connected with Delhi having multiple road linkages. To reduce the load of intercity traffic through in nature and for speedy interaction between NCR towns and Delhi new ring road / peripheral road projects are under process of implementation as follows : i) Faridabad NOIDA Gaziabad This is an Eastern Peripheral Expressway with a total length of 106 Km. and is being implemented by formation of SPV between NCRPB,MOUD,ILFS and state Govt. of Haryana,U.P.and Delhi. Palwal Manesar - Kundli This is Western Peripheral Expressway and is being implemented by NHAI connecting NH 1, 8 and 10.
ii)
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11.2.2 Rail Network
Figure 11.1 : Road Network Map of Delhi
The rail network consists of both broad gauge and meter gauge railway lines. Delhi is a major junction on the rail map of India linked with all the metropolitan cities directly Delhi is connected by 8 radial lines extending to suburban areas spreading to states of U.P. and Haryana. These radials are: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Delhi Gaziabad Khurja Delhi Gaziabad Hapur Delhi Gaziabad Meerut Delhi Shahadra Shamli Delhi Sonepat Panipat Delhi Nangloi Rohtak Delhi Gurgaon Rewari Delhi Nizamuddin Okhla Palwal.
The rail network has two specifically identified lines known as the Goods Avoiding Lines (GAL) and Delhi Avoiding Lines (DAL) forming a ring in the city and ring rail system in Delhi. The GAL provides a direct entry from Gaziabad to New Delhi bypassing the congested Delhi Railway Station Complex. The DAL provides a direct passage from the major yards- Tughlakabad and Gaziabad directly into the Delhi Ambala Kalka section and through Lajpat Nagar, Patel Nagar, Daya Basti and Azadpur link. There are four main railway stations at New Delhi, Old Delhi, Hazrat Nizamuddin and Sarai Rohilla besides container depots at Patparganj and Tuglakbad. To improve connectivity of Delhi with the region rail projects for commuter travel have been identified as a part of regional rapid transit system. The Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi 11-5
priority corridors in the projects include Delhi Palwal, Delhi Panipat, and Delhi Gaziabad. Besides there are proposals to extend the metro corridors to NOIDA and Gurgaon to cater to the demand of travel. These projects are under various stages of implementation. Two IRBT corridors of movement from Pul BangashSubzi Mandi Narela and Badarpur to Tilak Bridge are included as a part of IMMRTS plan to be implemented by Railways by 2010. 11.3 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS
11.3.1 Vehicular Growth Trends There has been an exponential growth in number of vehicles on the road in Delhi, which increased from 2.14 lakh in 1971 to 5.36 lakh in 1981, 17.64 lakh in 1991, 34.54 lakh in 2001 and 45.5 lakh in 2005. This represents an annual compound growth of 6.5%, while the road length has increased at a rate of 2 % per annum. The total number of vehicles in Delhi is more than the total no. of vehicles in other three major metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai, with a predominance of two wheelers and cars, used as private passenger vehicles. The growth trends of motor vehicles at National and mega city levels are presented in Table 11.2 and Figure 11.2. Table 11.2: Growth Trends of Motor Vehicles- India & Megacities (in 000)
Year 1981 1986 1991 1996 1998 2002 All India 5371 10577 21374 33783 40939 58924 Delhi 536 961 1813 2630 3033 3925 Mumbai 307 480 629 724 860 1350 Kolkata 339 475 588 664 1051 Chennai 120 228 544 812 975 1354
Source : Motor transport Stat. of India, MoST
4000 3500 3000

NO. OF VEHICLES
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1981 1986 1991 1996 1998 2002 DELHI MOUMBAI KOLKATA CHENNAI
YEAR
Figure 11.2 : Trends in Growth of Motor Vehicles in four Metropolis
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The trends of registered motor vehicles in Delhi is presented in Table 11.3. It can be observed that decennial growth rate is substantially higher in case of private vehicles (94.54%) as compared to commercial vehicles (18.22%). In the category of private vehicles, cars and jeeps has registered a decennial growth of 142.92%, which is highest among all categories of vehicles followed by two wheelers with 77.61%. In the commercial category of vehicles, buses have registered a decennial growth rate of 62.5% followed by taxies (33.33%) and goods vehicles (16.24%). Though there is decline in animal drawn vehicles; the number of slow moving vehicles is continuously on the increase, owing to the addition of cycles and cycle rickshaws every year. The percentage distribution of categories of motor vehicles in Delhi shows that there has been a rapid increase in the number of cars during the decade while there has been a decline in the other categories of vehicles. About two third of motor vehicles are two wheelers though a decreasing trend in that share has been observed since 1990. On the other hand, due to the arrival of low priced small cars and easy financing mechanisms, there is an indication towards a shift from two wheelers to cars. The share of cars has increased from 22% in 1991 to 31% in 2005. Table 11.3: Trends of Registered Motor Vehicles in Delhi (In 000)
Year 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 2000 Car 117 175 384 618 805 910 Sc/Mc 334 637 1191 1708 2077 2262 3 Whlr. 20 31 62 78 86 90 Taxi 6 9 10 13 17 18 Goods 36 59 99 132 149 161 Buses 8 14 19 28 35 39 Total 521 925 1765 2576 3167 3480
Source : Delhi Statistical Handbook & Tpt. Dept.
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1980 1985 1990 YEAR Car Sc/Mc 3 Whlr. Taxi Goods Buses 1995 2000 2005
Figure 11.3 : Percentage Distribution of motor vehicles in Delhi
The growth of private vehicles has resulted in an increased number of vehicles on the streets of Delhi increasing traffic densities, congestion, vehicle emissions and associated problems on road.
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11.3.2 Road Accident Trends The heterogeneity and magnitude of vehicle population, the unpredictability of human behavior, poor road geometry, deficiencies in vehicle and road design, and economic constraints are some of the factors leading to road accidents in Delhi. High growth rate of population & motor vehicles and road traffic vis--vis the road system and greater complexity of vehicular traffic on roads have contributed to the increasing number of accidents and especially the fatality rates. Table 11.4 shows the traffic accident trends in Delhi between 1980 and 2001. It can be observed that there are 28 accidents per day and 4 fatalities per day due to accidents. Details of accidents reveals that pedestrians, cyclist and two wheeler riders are the most vulnerable road users accounting for 55%, 10% and 24% of total causalities in 1999. Fatalities mostly occurred among pedestrians followed by two wheeler riders. One of the most vulnerable groups w.r.t. irresponsible driving is the school child. The major killer roads (1999) include Ring Road, Outer Ring Road, Najafgarh road, Mathura road and Rohtak road. In the absence of adequate infrastructure facilities and procedural delays, accidents handling causes traffic hold ups and related pollution effects. Table 11.4: Trends in Accidents on Delhi Roads Year Population ( Lakh ) 60.35 74.63 89.10 110.61 122.81 137.8 No. of Vehicles (Lakh ) 5.21 9.25 17.65 25.76 31.67 37.0 Road Deaths 747 1269 1670 2070 2123 1842 Fatality Rate Per Per lakh 1000 populatio vehicles n 12.37 14.32 17.0 13.71 18.74 9.11 18.71 8.04 17.28 6.70 13.37 4.98 Total Accident s 4300 6254 7659 10138 10217 9744
1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 2001
Source : Delhi Statistical Handbook
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12000 10000 NUMBERS 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1980 1985 1990 YEAR Road Deaths Total Accidents 1995 1998 2001
Figure 11.4 : Road Accidents Trends on Delhi roads
11.3.3 Traffic Characteristics Delhi transport needs are basically met by road-based systems while the railbased systems serve marginal needs. The basic modes of traffic in Delhi are buses, private vehicles, taxis, auto rickshaws, cycle rickshaws and cycles. The inadequacy of public transport becomes evident during peak hours when buses carry crush loads on them with passengers hanging on footboards and roads are choked with traffic moving at very low speeds. Traffic Volume Traffic intensities on the major roads of Delhi show constant increase. The construction of flyovers at various locations has only slowed down the process of congestion and delay. The adverse conditions have shifted from intersections to other locations. The roads capacities have reduced by encroachments and parking. A study was conducted on the city wide network in 2002 by C.R.R.I. for Govt. of India to assess urban road traffic. The traffic volumes recorded at 51 locations of Delhi are presented in Table 11.5. It can be observed from the Table that roads are carrying more than one lakh vehicles in the inner and middle areas of Delhi. Traffic is most critical on bridges across Yamuna I.T.O. Bridge carrying the maximum traffic followed by Nizamuddin Bridge. The traffic is constantly increasing at a rate of about 2.5% per annum and heavy intensity of traffic is adding to the environment degradation of the city and in fact traffic is the largest contributor to pollution levels in Delhi. After the construction of Metro corridor from Connaught Place to Ashok Nagar and new signature bridge near Wazirabad the traffic across river Yamuna is expected to ease out on existing bridges.
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Figure 11.5 : Traffic Flow Pattern on road network in Delhi
Traffic Composition A broad analysis of the composition of vehicles in the inner, middle and outer areas are presented in Figure 11.6. It can be observed that proportion of cars has increased throughout Delhi and proportion of Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) modes like auto rickshaws / taxis has gone down from 1991 to 2002. The proportion of two wheelers has remained more or less same during the decade. Table 11.5: Traffic Volumes on Major Arterial Roads in Delhi
S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Location Minto Road Punchkuin Road SBS Marg Sansad Marg Janpath Bara Khamba Road Netaj Subhash Marg Ring Road ( Rajghat ) Duration (Hours) 16 16 16 16 16 24 16 24 Traffic Volume 98417 90728 36319 28329 54634 39471 80671 111455 Cars 33.0 26.8 31.7 33.7 51.1 39.8 22.5 38.9 Traffic Composition( in percentage ) Auto 2 Bus Goods Slow Whlr 19.9 36.4 4.6 1.4 4.7 24.4 40.5 2.3 1.3 4.8 14.3 35.3 12.4 0.8 5.5 16.0 31.8 14.6 0.7 3.2 18.9 23.4 2.8 0.6 3.1 22.7 25.6 8.9 0.8 2.1 24.1 27.9 10.8 1.1 13.6 13.0 32.6 5.9 9.1 0.5
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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Tilak Marg Zakir Hussain Marg Mathura Road India Gate Lala Lajpat Rai Road Ring Road (Safdarjung ) Aurobindo Marg Ring Road ( Naraina) Sardar Patel Road Shankar Road New Rohtak Road Ashok Vihar Road Sham Nath Marg Wazirabad Road ISBT Flyover G.T. Shahdra Road I.T.O. Bridge Nizamuddin Bridge Patpadganj Road Maa Anandmai Marg Madangir road Press Enclave Road Janak Setu Pankha Road Old Gurgaon Road Najafgarh Road Qutabgarh Road Auchandi Road Loni Road Ghazipur Road Pusa Road Ring Road(Ashram F.O) Africa Avenue C.P. ( Outer Circle ) Mehrauli Road Rajokri Border ( NH 8 ) Rohtak Road ( NH 10 ) Karnal Road ( NH 1 ) G.T.Road ( Old NH 1 ) NH 24 Bypass NOIDA Link Road Mathura Road ( NH 2 ) Wazirabad Road
16 16 16 16 24 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
53932 96712 110454 108525 135411 72962 97085 75813 62239 78086 88759 53429 66479 64965 114379 67184 166175 154955 39634 76533 80252 53984 88450 60501 19056 87202 36802 14735 91027 31188 65214 51979 62863 68918 59859 63851 25203 30735 33621 52329 62173 84195 29713
36.6 48.7 45.7 53.6 49.9 32.7 47.8 40.2 44.8 51.8 32.2 46.5 43.3 17.2 15.7 11.8 30.5 48.2 17.4 35.8 24.7 48.4 46.9 20.8 26.8 20.5 11.7 13.9 5.2 17.5 43.4 45.6 44.6 39.8 56.3 50.6 31.6 44.8 27.9 33.4 41.4 39.2 23.1
19.1 11.9 11.1 11.6 12.5 15.7 14.4 8.3 11.7 8.8 16.2 7.0 9.6 9.9 11.3 21.8 12.0 5.7 7.1 11.7 13.4 9.7 7.0 6.2 3.3 5.8 3.0 3.5 14.9 7.1 16.1 11.3 10.7 23.0 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.3 1.8 6.7 4.4 1.9 3.2
32.1 28.6 34.6 28.9 31.2 34.5 26.8 37.2 31.3 31.8 38.8 31.5 31.9 26.7 39.8 44.0 42.7 35.6 34.3 36.1 22.2 28.4 38.1 29.0 31.3 39.8 35.1 27.4 22.0 35.2 26.5 27.3 31.2 27.2 25.4 28.8 28.5 11.9 30.0 28.0 27.9 29.6 25.5
6.3 3.6 3.7 3.1 2.4 9.7 8.4 5.9 4.8 4.4 4.4 1.6 9.4 13.7 5.5 0.4 6.8 3.8 4.5 4. 5.7 3.2 5.5 6.9 8.3 5.2 5.1 7.8 1.1 3.5 10.3 7.2 5.2 6.4 1.2 3.4 4.9 7.4 3.8 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.3
0.8 4.7 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.4 1.2 5.9 3.1 1.5 3.8 2.3 2.5 10.6 6.7 1.9 2.3 2.8 1.6 4.7 3. 2.2 1.4 2.3 11.8 2.0 7.8 12.4 2.1 4.1 1.9 7.1 3.5 1.2 9.1 13.1 17.1 32.3 21.9 6.9 15.8 14.6 12.2
5.1 2.5 2.9 0.8 1.5 5.9 1.3 2.5 4.4 1.7 4.5 11.0 3.3 22.1 21.1 20.2 5.1 4.0 35.1 7.7 31.0 8.2 1.1 35.0 18.4 26.7 37.3 34.9 54.6 32.5 1.9 1.6 4.8 2.4 7.6 3.8 16.9 3.3 14.7 22.6 7.8 11.9 32.7
Source : C.R.R.I. Study 2002
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SMV 10% Goods 0% Buses 6% Auto/Taxi 24%

GoodsSMV Buses 5%2% 4%
Cars 27%
Auto/Taxi 19%
Cars 38%
Two Whlr. 33%
Inner Area - 1991
Two Whlr. 32%
Inner Area - 2002
Goods 1% Buses 6% Auto/Taxi 17% SMV 8% Cars 31%
Goods 3% Buses 6% Auto/Taxi 13% SMV 3% Cars 44%
Two Whlr. 37%
Two Whlr. 31%
Middle Area - 1991
Middle Area - 2002
Outer Area - 1991
Outer Area - 2002
SMV 22% Goods 4% Buses 5% Auto/Taxi 15%
Cars 23%
Goods 7% Buses 5%
SMV 16%
Cars 32%
Two Whlr. 31%
Auto/Taxi 8%
Two Whlr. 32%
Figure 11.6 : Comparison of Traffic Composition on major arterial roads in Delhi1991 & 2002
Peak Hour Traffic Characteristics Peak Hour Traffic volumes of Ring Road are presented in Table 11.6 and peak hour traffic on some prominent roads in the Central areas is given in Table 11.7. The traffic pattern on the Inner Ring shows that there is a steady increase in the v/c (volume / capacity) ratio from 1990 to 2004. In Central areas the volumes have reached saturation levels on major roads. Heavy traffic is observed at all major locations on the outer cordons of Delhi and most of the locations are choked with traffic in peak hours. This is evident from Table 11.8 - it can be observed that the v/c ratio during peak hours at most of the prominent locations is more than one. The traffic characteristics at these urban arterials highlights the intense interaction of Delhi with Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Loni and Gaziabad. Intercity traffic enters Delhi from 87 locations, of which 42 locations have tolling stations of GNCTD. Table 11.6: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes on Ring Road
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S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Segment Dhola Kuan to Raja Garden Raja Garden to Azadpur Azadpur to I.S.B.T. I.S.B.T. to B.S.Gurudwara B.S.Gurudwara to AIIMS AIIMS to Dhola Kuan
Peak Volume ( PCU per hour ) 1990 2004 6200 10726 6200 5700 5800 7300 6100 9904 6503 7714 12493 13617
Volume / Capacity Ratio 1990 0.78 0.56 0.52 0.53 0.66 0.55 2004 1.34 0.90 0.59 0.70 1.14 1.24
Source : P.W.D.-1990 & IL &FS-2004
Table 11.7: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes in Central Areas

S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Location Ashoka Road Bara Khamba Road Janpath Outer Circle, C.P. Sansad Marg K.G.Marg Inner Circle C.P. Punchkuin Road Tolstoy Marg Rajpath Road Volume / Capacity Ratio Morning Peak Evening Peak 0.91 0.89 0.96 0.94 0.84 0.92 0.93 0.87 0.63 0.54 0.63 0.61 0.71 0.87 1.04 0.98 0.57 0.58 0.31 0.34
Source : RITES survey 2005.
Table 11.8: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes on Outer Cordons of Delhi

S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Location Singhu Border( NH1) Badarpur Border (NH1) Rajokai Border(NH8) Shahadra ( NH24) Kalindi Kunj M.G.Road(Aaya Nagar ) Old Gurgaon Road Tikri Border ( NH10) Gazipur ( NH24 Bypass ) Mohan Nagar Border Loni Border NOIDA link Road Peak Volume ( PCU per hour ) Morning Evening 2539 4463 5453 4514 4959 5951 7358 3603 3125 4522 3769 7559 4595 4554 7020 3763 6411 6794 4805 5444 4200 6937 5781 5287 Volume / Capacity Ratio Morning 0.53 1.13 0.63 1.03 1.24 1.02 0.75 0.65 0.84 0.69 1.05 0.96 Evening 0.93 0.94 0.97 0.78 1.34 0.94 1.00 1.13 0.77 1.28 0.80 1.10
Source : RITES Survey, 2005
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Traffic at Intersections City main intersections are loaded with traffic much beyond their handling capacities leading to heavy stopped delays especially in peak hours. Most intensely loaded intersections in terms of number of vehicles are I.T.O. intersection (1,98,970),Moti Nagar intersection (176,866), Jhandewalan Intersection (1,70,296), Jageer Palace intersection (1,69,935) , Laxmi Nagar intersection (1,55,852), Madhuban Chowk (1,46,693), Azadpur Intersection (1,42,163), Tagore Park intersection (1,40,613), Ashram Chowk (1,39,749) and Africa Avenue Outer Ring Road Intersection (1,37,986). The traffic volumes were recorded in 12 hour duration in 2002 by CRRI in their study for Auto Fuel Policy for GOI. 11.3.4 Traffic speeds Speed characteristics on the major arterial road network of city are presented in Table 11.9. It can be observed that during morning and evening peak hours 55 % to 60 % of the major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph, while in even off peak hours 40 to 45 % of major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph. About 20% or more of the arterial road network is operating under highly congested conditions with travel speeds falling below 20 kmph throughout the day. There is very little change in speeds during peak and off peak periods and the network is operating at its capacity. Any disturbance in traffic flows create long queues and delays to traffic. Table 11.9: Speeds on Major Arterial Roads in Delhi
Speeds < 50 Kmph 45-50 Kmph 40-45 Kmph 35-40 Kmph 30-35 Kmph 25-30 Kmph 20-25 Kmph > 20 Kmph Morning peak Direction Direction 1 2 4.87 3.76 4.42 11.05 18.63 17.62 1.93 18.54 13.94 3.01 7.26 13.67 13.31 20.37 17.4 21.21 Evening Peak Direction Direction 1 2 1.8 4.15 1.44 5.54 15.78 18.99 15.52 13.9 27.03 6.06 8.47 11.08 1.07 17.15 15.62 19.4 Off Peak Direction Direction 1 2 5.42 6.68 4.93 8.02 19.09 19.73 12.91 10.67 19.23 3.02 13.61 14.99 18.23 12.68 11.91 18.89
Source : CRRI Study, 2006.
Note : All values are in percentage
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11.3.5 Parking Daily trips made by personalized modes require parking spaces at both ends of the trip. There is a huge gap in the demand and supply of parking spaces which leads to spill over of parking on the road. There is lack of proper planning and management of parking facilities. Inadequate and inefficient public transport systems leads to greater use of private modes of transport. A car is parked for 90 to 95% of time at residence or place of work. Land resources in the city are limited and scarce, while the increase in parking demand is high. Inadequate parking adds to congestion and delays on major arterial roads. Current parking demand and supply at some of the prominent locations of the city are presented in Table 11.10. Table 11.10: Parking Demand at Prominent Locations in Delhi
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Location Connaught Place Outside Connaught Circus Nehru Place Lajpat Nagar Chandani Chowk Sadar Bazar Kamla Nagar Ajmeri Gate Darya Ganj Krishan Nagar Karol bagh South Extension Bikaji Cama Place Peak Demand ECS 5342 5894 7713 2604 4572 1762 3333 2176 5423 1297 5352 2357 3940 Peak Supply ECS 2986 3282 3717 1598 2102 1113 1806 1217 3100 1091 3585 1584 2040 Shortfall ( %) 44% 44% 52 % 39% 54% 37% 46% 44% 43% 16% 33% 33% 48%
Right of way on roads in most of the residential areas is encroached for on street parking as the vehicle ownership levels have gone very high. The space for parking in the private plots as per code/bylaws provisions is being used for other purposes putting a stress on the city infrastructure. 11.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS
ECS = Equivalent Car Space
11.4.1 Intra Urban Movements As per the household survey in the study area conducted in 2001 by RITES Limited, a total of 176 lakh trips are being performed per day. The per capita trip rate in the study area has been estimated at 1.27 (PCTR of 1.1 in 1993-94). The per capita trip rate for vehicular trips is observed to be 0.87 compared to 0.76 PCTR in 1993-94. PCTR of inter zonal trips is estimated at 0.76 while that of intra zonal trips is 0.51.
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The modal share of passenger trips in the study area is presented in Table 11.11. About 33% of total trips are walk trips, while among the vehicular trips 60% of trips are performed by buses including charted and school buses plying in the area. Personalised vehicle trips have a share of 27 % of vehicular trips in the study area. Table 11.11: Modal Share of Passenger Trips
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Bus Car/Jeep Two Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Cycle Train Other Mode Passenger Trips ( in % age ) 2001 59.8 10.3 17.2 3.1 5.3 0.7 3.6
The average travel time in the city by all modes is observed to be 30 minutes. Average travel time by public transport including bus, charted bus and train is observed to be 49 minutes and more, while travel time by other private modes is between 15 minutes to 30 minutes. Distribution of trips by mode and travel time is presented in Table 11.12. Table 11.12: % Distribution of Trips by Mode and Travel Time
Mode Sc/Ms Car Auto Cycle Rickshaw Bus S.Bus C.Bus Train Walk < 15 18.9 17.4 20.1 34.3 42.4 2.94 8.43 1.46 8.64 81.1 15-30 44.72 42.75 49.45 40.37 54.87 23.42 43.13 10.77 1.23 18.59 Travel Time ( in minutes ) 30-60 60-90 31.05 4.84 34.07 4.96 25.34 4.36 18.80 4.93 2.59 42.77 24.01 43.64 3.97 55.66 24.82 58.03 25.93 0.19 > 90 0.40 0.74 0.73 1.54 0.11 6.86 0.83 7.29 6.17 0.10 Average 27 32 29 25 16 49 32 55 51 10
The modal share of public transport system has to be increased and given priority in all our plans and policies to meet the increasing demands of traffic. Walk trips also constitute for more than one third of the total trips performed per day and accordingly pedestrian facilities need to be improved from place of origin to destination. 11.4.2 Intercity Movements The outer cordon surveys conducted at 15 locations of Delhi border revealed that 1.53 million trips were performed on an average day. Out of these 67% are performed by public transport and the rest were by private modes. About 13 %
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of total intercity trips were estimated to be passing through the city with neither origin nor destination in the city. O-D Pattern of trips at outer cordons is presented in Table 11.13. Table 11.13: O-D Pattern of Trips at Outer Cordons
MODE BUSES CAR TWO WHLR. TOTAL Internal to External 458031(44.5) 152302 (43.8) 67281(42.9) 677614 (44.2) NUMBER OF TRIPS PER DAY External to External to Internal External 441103(42.8) 130330(12.7) 147314(42.4) 47765(13.8) 67169(42.8) 22323(14.2) 655586(42.7) 200418(13.1) Total 1029464 (100.0) 347381 (100.0) 156773 (100.0) 1533618 (100.0)
Source : RITES survey,2005
Survey at 43 railway stations in Delhi revealed that about 1.0 million trips were performed by rail per day. Out of these about 9% trips were moving within the city while the rest 91% were intercity trips. FREIGHT MOVEMENT Rail Terminals are controlling a bulk of freight traffic which terminates at various locations in Delhi like Tuglaqabad, Delhi Cantt., Narela, Ghevra, I.P.Depot, Naya Azadpur, Shakurbasti and Delhi Safdarjung. A large share of freight movement by road is handled by entry points at NH-8, NH-1, NH-24 and Kalindi Kunj. On an average day (in 2004) about one lakh goods vehicles crossed the Delhi Borders with an average day payload of 1.5 lakh tones. Freight movement on major arterials is presented in Table 11.14. It can be observed that modal share of goods traffic is varying from 4% to 33 % at different locations. Table 11.14: Goods Traffic Movement in Delhi
S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Location G.T.Karnal Road Mathura Road Rajokari Border G.T.Road,Shahdra Kalindi Kunj MGRoad,Aaya Nagar Mandoli Border Kapashera Border Rohtak Road Gazipur Border MohanNagar Loni Border Challa Barrage Total Goods Traffic 15991 9126 12555 9989 10880 3661 5211 6714 7729 6198 3045 4718 4592 100409 Total traffic 48897 72906 80438 57993 95565 95306 54470 50011 42771 66806 74299 84915 64140 888517 Modal Share of Goods ( %) 33% 13% 16% 17% 11% 4% 10% 13% 18% 9% 4% 6% 7% 11%
Source : RITES survey,2005
11.4.3 Public Transport & Para Transit System In any large city, mass transport facilities play an important role in catering to travel demand for work, education and social activities. The present mass
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transport system in Delhi comprises of bus service by Delhi Transport Corporation; private operators and contract carriages; and rail services through ring railway and suburban trains operated by Northern Railway; and Delhi Metro Rail operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. The existing public transport system is grossly inadequate in terms of quality, quantity and coverage, and can not cope with ever increasing travel demand. 11.4.4 City Bus Service Till 1992, Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) was the primary agency for providing the mass transport service, when private buses under the control of the Transport Department were first introduced to supplement the DTC fleet. Today DTC operates 786 city and 131 inter state routes with average route length of 22.4 Km. and 296.4 km. respectively. As per records, in January 2000 the fleet strength of DTC comprised of 3088 DTC buses; and 2593 private buses under DTC operation, totaling to 5681. The present DTC fleet is plagued with overage buses resulting in inefficiency in operation and economic loss. Besides DTC, intercity bus service is also provided by nearly 2600 individually owned private buses. The existing system suffers from: Lengthy, zigzag and overlapping destination oriented routes: Maldistribution, low frequency of buses along different routes Absence of published information Disorganized private bus operation Fierce competition, over speeding and non-observance of traffic rules by private operators Inadequate enforcement and regulatory machinery.
A new corridor of High Capacity Bus System is being implemented from Ambedkar Nagar to Moolchand Hospital in 2006. Also a new company has been formed by Transport Department Govt. of Delhi to integrate mass transport by various modes of travel, named Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transport Systems Ltd. (DIMTS). 11.4.5 Ring Railway The ring railway was constructed in the 1930s as the goods avoiding line but its role in intra-urban service is being emphasized since last 40 years. The existing
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system which was built at the cost of 340 million rupees and was expected to cater about 12% of the total commuter load, has proved a non-starter, catering to less than 1% of the load. The reason for this are; Dependence on availability of goods avoiding lines Absence of integration with feeder bus operations Absence of commuter facilities at stations Inconvenient access of platforms to commuters. Lack of development along the railway corridor Unattractive fare structure Competitive and attractive parallel bus service
The ring railway service could be significantly improved by integrating it with radial lines and MRTS systems. 11.4.6 Delhi Metro Rail As many as 35 studies were conducted by various agencies since 1960 to find a lasting solution to the transport problems of Delhi but none of them reached any purposeful stage .The first decisive step to introduce an MRTS was taken after the feasibility study by RITES, which was completed in 1990. It recommended a rail based system, comprising of a network of underground, elevated and surface corridors aggregating to 198.5 Km to meet the travel demands. 11.4.7 MRTS Phase-I The Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) is an ambitious project that aims at providing a non- polluting and efficient rail-based transport system, properly integrated with the road transport system. The first phase of the Metro with a total length of 65.1 km. has been completed at an estimated cost of Rs. 10571 crore, and put to operations in March 2006. The details of the corridors is shown in Table 11.15: Table 11.15: Details of Metro Corridors Phase I (Completed) and Phase II (on-going)
Phases Phase-1 (2001Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
Lines Nos 1
Corridors Description Shahdara-Trinagar-Rithala
Length (Km) 22.00
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2005) 2 3 3 Extn. Phase 1A Total Phase-2 (2006-10) 2B 3B 4 5 6 2A Extension of line 2 from Vishwa Vidyalay to Jahangirpuri Extension of line No 2 from Central Secretriat to Qutab Minar Extension of Line No 3 from Indraprastha to New Ashok Nagar Shahdara to Dilshad Garden Kirtinagar to Mundka Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar ISBT Total 3.09 18.50 6.20 53.51 8.07 10.77 65.1 6.88 3A Vishwa Vidyalay- Central Secretariat Barakhamba Road-Cauuaught Place- Dwarka Extension Indraprastha Extension of Line No. 3 into Dwarka Sub-city 6.50 of Line No 3 Barakhamba Road11.00 22.80 2.80
MRTS Phase-II On completion of Phase-I, Phase-II work has been started which includes corridors with a total length of 53.51 km and is expected to be completed by 2010. The estimated cost of completion, at current prices, is Rs. 8500 crore. The details of the corridors are presented in the table above. Metro rail is a high capacity mode and will serve the main traffic corridors in Delhi. There are a large number of other corridors that require medium capacity modes as feeders to Metro or otherwise. The metro is being funded through a loan from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. 11.4.8 Proposed Integrated Multi Modal Transport System For Delhi To be effective, public transport has to be integrated, multi modal, and environmentally, socially and financially sustainable. The Metro forms part of a larger Integrated Multi Modal Transport System proposed for the city, including also the following transport systems: Modes Metro Corridors 6 Length 118.6 Km
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At-grade HCBS Elevated LRT Elevated Monorail IRBT
26 6 3 2
294 Km 74 Km 48 Km 44 Km
The 6 Metro corridors and the 2 IRBT corridors from a part of the existing DMRC and the NCCRPB plans respectively. The 6 Metro corridors remain unchanged except in the case of two corridors that are proposed to be extended. The proposed network includes 14 corridors that are in the nature of collector routes to serve areas at some distance from the planned major public transport routes. Another 16 corridors are radial that normally would be direct origin to destination routes and hence will meet the objective of minimum interchanges. There are 13 circular routes that will interchange with the radial routes. The overall network of radials and circular corridors has formed a grid and hence most commuters should not need more than or two interchanges to reach their destination. There will be 42 major and 77 minor interchange locations on the proposed network. Common ticketing and passenger information display are proposed to be developed. With the modal split of 80% public transport is expected to carry 24 million trips by 2021. Metro rail and IRBT, if implemented as planned, are estimated to carry about 15 million trips per day; and the balance 9 million trips are to be catered to by other public transport systems. 11.4.9 Intermediate Public Transport System Intermediate public transit in Delhi mainly comprise of Mini buses, RTV and Phat phat sewa, while the Personalised public transport services includes cycle rickshaws, three wheeler and taxis. These paratransit modes play a major role in catering to the intra urban travel demand of the city. Though their modal share of trips is only 3.1%, it will remain an integral part of the urban transport system. The cycle rickshaws, though a menace on some of the arterial roads of the city, provide a vital low cost pollution free service, which is most appropriate for certain localities. 11.4.10 Interstate Bus Terminals
Delhi attracts significant movement of passengers primarily from DMA towns and NCR towns besides some other towns of neighboring states. Interstate bus operations were started from Kashmiri Gate ISBT in 1975. High growth of interstate bus operations led to the development of two new ISBTs at Sarai Kale Kan and Anand Vihar in 1998 and a total of three ISBTs are operating at present. These three ISBTs cater to an average 3.70 lakh passengers and 5235 bus trips per day. Two more directional ISBTs at Dwarka and Narela are proposed, while the ISBT at Sarai Kale Khan is proposed to be upgraded to higher standards. Apart from above terminals interstate buses operate from Bhajanpura, R.K.Puram, NDRS, Karampura, Safdarjung, Shivaji Stadium, Nehru Place, Narela, Karol Bagh and ITO, besides several roadside bus stops. Bus operation
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and termination at points other than terminals affects the viability of bus terminals and also creates congestion on the roads. 11.4.11 Inland Water Transport
The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) conducted studies for navigational potential of river Yamuna for passenger and cargo service, development of water sports, recreational activities and for the improvement of the environment in Yamuna. No action in this regard could be taken as water level goes down to almost nil in summers making it difficult for the introduction of this kind of facility. 11.5 EMERGING ISSUES i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. High growth rate of vehicles and heavy vehicular volumes on road causing congestion, delay, safety, pollution. Ineffective utilization of road space- on street parking, encroachments, lack of pedestrian facilities. Improper road design No consideration for disabled and pedestrians on road. Inadequate and inefficient public transport system need to address transport system for masses according to their affordability. Lack of integration of land use & transport system. No provision for environment friendly modes like cycles and cycle rickshaws in road design. Inadequate parking at major commercial areas and work centers and lack of proper parking policy. Intermixing of local and regional passenger and goods traffic. Lack of coordination in implementing agencies at city as well as regional context. Lack of user system interface and transport information. Lack of adequate enforcement and implementation of planned schemes.
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Chapter 12 : Solid Waste Management
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 12 Solid Waste Management
CHAPTER 12 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

12.1 INTRODUCTION Appropriate solid waste management of a city is crucial for public health and aesthetic surroundings. It is essential for a clean look. Therefore, the removal of any scattered and littered waste is as important as effective street sweeping and drain cleaning. This also brings to focus the necessity of synergy in the design, construction and maintenance of roads, surface (storm water) drains and storage, collection and transport of solid waste. Due to its size and multiple activities, different types of solid waste are generated in Delhi: Municipal solid waste (from the domestic and commercial sectors and common areas such as, parks, gardens, street sweepings and drain silt) Construction and demolition debris (C&D waste) Bio-medical waste (waste generated by health-care and veterinary establishments) Slaughterhouse waste (organized as well, as un-organized activities) e-Waste 'Special' waste (small quantities of toxic and hazardous waste generated by the household and trade sectors) Industrial waste generated within the city area
The presence of these different types of waste streams complicates the solid waste management scenario leading to deficiencies in planning and management. This is further aggravated by the unplanned settlements slums and squatter settlements. Apart from the fundamental issue of service provision and problems of accessibility, some of these areas undertake unauthorized recycling of plastics; batteries etc. which may have grave environmental implications. 12.2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
12.2.1 Legal Framework The Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957 has section 42 C, 355-5.8; stating the functions and role of MCD and citizens in disposal of the waste. The violation of
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the sections 353, 354, 355(2), 356 and 357 are subject to fines ranging from Rs. 25 100 Section 357 (1) Keeping rubbish and filth for more than 24 hours, carries an additional daily fine of Rs. 10. The brief obligation of MCD is to provide receptacles, depots and places for waste disposal; and not necessarily house to house collection. It is the obligation of occupiers to use these for disposal of their waste. 12.2.2 Institutional Framework Municipal solid waste management being the responsibility of Local Bodies, the following municipal entities are responsible for their respective areas: 1. Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD): Thus the MCD area includes urban areas, rural and urban villages, slum clusters and regularized unauthorized colonies. The services of CSE include collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste; road sweeping; cleaning of surface drains, construction and maintenance of public conveniences.
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Item Total area Urban area (approx.) Rural area (approx.) Administrative zones of MCD Total number of employees Number of workers (Safai Karmachari) Area (sq. km) 1397.30 595.00 795.00 12 More than 52000 About 50000 Number Responsible Department Conservancy and Sanitary Engineering Department (CSE), presently changed to the Department of Environmental Management Services (DEMS)
2. New Delhi Municipal Council and (NDMC) : The activities include street sweeping everyday; removal of the garbage deposited in 'dhalao' (masonry dustbins) and metallic bins; and transporting the waste to MCD landfill sites at Ghazipur. The green (mainly horticulture) waste is transported to the NDMC compost plant at Okhla.
S. No. 1 2 3 Item Area Sanitation Circles Number of employees involved with sanitation Area (sq. km) 42.74 Number 13 1800 Responsible Department Health Department
3. Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB): In the cantonment area also, the roads and markets are swept and garbage is lifted.
S. No. 1 2 Item Area Number of employees involved with sanitation Area (sq. km) 42.97 Number 450 Responsible Department Health Department
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12.3
WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION
12.3.1 Waste Collection Services Total sweeping staff available with MCD and NDMC is in ratio of 1:216 persons and 1:326 persons respectively. This is above (better than) the prescribed norms of 1:500 in Central Public Health and Environmental Engineer Organisation (CPHEEO) manual. Within the municipal area, some zones have been contracted out to private contractors for functions ranging from the primary collection to waste disposal. They have their own sweeping staff, waste collectors and vehicles to transport the waste from collection points to disposal sites. MCD has privatized collection of municipal solid waste in 6 zones through 3 private operators, in order to save costs and improve efficiency in service delivery. These operators have to put sets of two bins (blue and green coloured) for collection of non-biodegradable / recyclable and bio-degradable waste respectively. These bins are emptied into separate vehicles of similar colour daily. The operators are also expected to do segregation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable solid waste before the waste is collected into separate vehicles. NDMC has 900 community bins (masonry built) and 1000 metallic skips (open containers of about 1m3 capacities). 12.3.2 Waste Generation In the absence of a streamlined and completely controlled system of solid waste management, the available data is based on per capita generation from some studies (e.g., done by NEERI, 19991, Delhi Master Plan 20212, State of Environment Report for Delhi, 20013), vehicle trips and fragmented data from landfill records. Table 12.1 gives some idea of the waste generation, arrived at from such sources: Table 12.1: Waste Generation arrived
S. No. 1 2 3 Local Body Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Council Delhi Cantonment Board Existing generation for 2001in TPD 6300 400 100 Projected * generation for 2021 in TPD 15100 550 100
Source: Public Health Department of MCD, NDMC and DCB * 700 g per capita per day for calculation of projected generation in 2021 as per CPEHHO Manual on solid waste Management
1
Quoted in Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (Status Report for Delhi 21) prepared in 2001: 6000-6300 TPD for MCD, 350-400 TPD for NDMC and about 100 TPD for DCB, the total generation in the National Capital Territory of Delhi shown as around 6500-7000 TPD As per Delhi Master Plan, 2021 (the generation in 2001 being shown as 5250, 245 and 48 TPD for MCD, NDMC and DCB respectively) State of Environment Report for Delhi, 2001, prepared by TERI quote the total figure at 6000-7000 TPD form the NCT (6300, 400 and 100 TPD for MCD, NDMC and DCB respectively)
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A news paper report (Times of India, May 14, 2006, New Delhi) pegs the solid waste generation at 8000 TPD and garbage dumped at the three landfill sites at 7435 TPD. According to a study carried out by IL&FS Ecosmart in 2005, the total generation is around 7700 TPD. The website of NDMC (as accessed on 12.08. 2006) notes lifting of 200-210 TPD garbage from its area. Keeping in view the somewhat varying figures, it is proposed that the present generation of municipal solid waste may be taken as 6500 TPD for MCD, 400 TPD for NDMC and 100 TPD for DCB (total for NCT 7000 TPD). The figure is corroborated by the figure of waste collection of 6500-7000 TPD presented in a paper by MCD4 12.3.3 Constituents of Waste The variation of biodegradable waste ranges from 61.54% for industrial areas to 90.48% for APMC. This indicates marked variation in the biodegradable component of MSW in accordance with the land use pattern. Industrial areas are considered to generate relatively less amount of biodegradable waste while APMC market is considered to generate maximum amount of biodegradable waste. However, majority of land use like, MIG, LIG, HIG, EWS, Local fruits / vegetable markets, institutional areas public / semi public areas and villages are generating waste with a biodegradable component ranging from 71% to 76.5%. This indicates that the Dhalaos catering to these areas are receiving waste from mixed land use areas existing in the vicinity. The variation in recyclable waste ranges from 1.85 from APMC to 8.24% from industrial areas. The extent of recycling is indicated by the values of individual constituents at the source and at the disposal site. It is evident from this table that the recovery of the recyclable constituent includes paper, plastic, glass crockery, clothes, metal, etc. Paper, plastic and rag contributed a major fraction while glass, metal contributed to a lesser extent. Recyclables from APMC market are expected to be minimum (Refer Table 12.2)
(National Workshop on Municipal Solid Waste Management: Sharing of Experiences and Lessons Learnt, New Delhi, July, 2005 and sponsored by HUDCO, USAEP and WSP).
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Table 12.2: Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Parameter HIG MIG LIG EWS APMC Local Fruits / Vegetabl e Markets 76.59 4.25 1.16 2.18 0.374651 15.82 47.89 1321 22.56 Institutiona l Area Commercia l Area Public & Semi Public Areas 74.03 5.11 2.37 3.20 0.34842 9 15.29 57.9 1451.75 24.82 Industria l Areas Village Areas Landfill
Composition (%) Biodegradabl e Recyclable Inert Others Bulk Density (MT/m3) Ash and Fine Earth Content % Moisture % Calorific Value (kCal/kg) C/N Ratio
74.9 3.86 1.01 2.72 0.3675 9 17.44 44.53 1048 21.29
72.86 4.74 1.67 3.05 0.37385 1 17.68 48.78 1109.47 21.35
72.96 5.2 1.43 3.95 0.3677 4 16.46 45.37 1048 20.7
71.28 5.99 2.16 3.4 0.37452 4 17.17 47.19 1096 20.19
90.48 1.85 0.33 0.42 0.37202 4 6.92 64.7 1760 30.03
74.63 5.00 1.43 2.71 0.359392 16.23 48.4 1139.8 17.82
68.76 5.07 1.37 8.32 0.375547 16.48 49.92 1133.46 22.52
61.54 8.24 2.02 7.91 0.3746 20.29 31.425 1014.3 19.05
71.08 4.38 1.30 3.42 0.34991 5 19.82 36.80 1346 25.76
62.5 3.84 2.75 2.45 0.35666 7 28.46 44.6 1366 22.26
Client : Dept. of Urban Development Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
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12.3.4 Waste Collection and Storage Several types of waste receptacles are used in the MCD area (i) large masonry bins, locally called "Dhalao" (ii) metallic bins of covered and open types (iii) 4wheeled plastics and FRP bins with large covers, which have been introduced in some areas during the last 2 years and (iv) sites in some localities, where waste has been dumped in the open. The estimated number of dhalaos, metallic bins and open sites is about 2500. Delhi is divided into 12 zones, and each zone comprises different receptacles at which the waste from different corners in zones gets collected. It is transported to landfill sites for final disposal. Zone-wise list of Dhalaos, dustbins and open sites is described in (Refer Table 12.3) Table 12.3: Zone-wise list of Dhalaos, Dustbins and Open Sites
Name of the Zone Zones Under MCD Shahadara South Shahadara North Rohini Civil Lines Narela City Central West Najafgarh Paharganj Karol Bagh South Zone Cantonment Board NDMC Zone
Source: Municipal Corporation of Delhi
Total Number of Dhalao 184 133 219 156 35 85 285 189 216 44 91 384 161 221
12.3.5 Waste Transportation MCD has 689 trucks (majority of the tipping kind), 71 private tipper trucks (8m3 capacity) and 100 loaders for collection, lifting and carriage of municipal garbage. 12.3.6 Processing and Disposal Currently, Delhi has 4 compost plants:
S. No 1 2 3 4 Facility Okhla (MCD) (closed at present) Okhla (NDMC) Bhalswa (Private sector) Tikri Khurd (APMC and Capaci ty (TPD) 150 200 500 125 Area (Ha) 3.2 3.4 4.9 2.6 Starting Year 1981 1985 1999 2001 Technolog y Aerobic windrow composting -do-do-doRemarks Proposed to be upgraded to 200 TPD Operated below capacity Operating at 50% capacity Dedicated waste stream
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S. No
Facility Private Sector) Total
Capaci ty (TPD) 975
Area (Ha) 14.1
Starting Year
Technolog y
Remarks from APMC
Thus out of 7000 TPD, only about 400 TPD is being processed at present in the three compost plants and the balance is assumed to be dumped at the three dump-sites (landfills):
Okhla landfill site
Ghazipur landfill site, fish and chicken market on the left
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Slaughterhouse under construction at Ghazipur landfill site

S. No. 1 Name of site Bhalsawa Location North Delhi Area (Ha) 21.06 Year started 1993 Waste received (TPD) 2200 Zones supplying waste Civil Lines, Karol Bagh, Rohini, Narela, Najafgarh and West Shahdara (south and north), City, Sadar Paharganj and NDMC Central, Najafgarh, South and Cantonment Board
Ghazipur
East Delhi
29.16
1984
2000
Okhla
South Delhi
16.20
1994
1200
Source: Information provided by MCD
The current expenditure for municipal solid waste management for MCD is Rs. 5030 million (Rs. 3860 million non-plan and Rs. 1170 million plan). Recycling and rag-picking Recycling and rag-picking of municipal solid waste is widely prevalent in Delhi through the involvement of an extensive network of informal (rag-pickers and scrap-dealers) and formal (recycling facilities) stakeholders. A wide range of materials and items are involved, such as, paper / cardboard, plastics, metals, glass, rubber, leather, textiles and clothing etc. As per a study the number of rag-pickers in Delhi is in the range of 80,000 to 100,000 (Srishti). It is estimated that about 1200-1500 TPD is removed from the municipal collection and disposal chain by these activities. However, these activities, carried out in unhygienic and unscientific manner, have unfavourable environmental, occupational health and community health implications.
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12.3.7 Construction and Demolition Debris This category of waste comprises predominantly inert waste generated during construction and demolition activities. Major sources of C&D waste are: Residential waste normally for small amendments, additions to homes Property developers whether residential or commercial Other sources (roads / pavements /drains / medians improvement, demolition activities etc.)
Table 12.4 along with the pie-chart presents the results of TIFAC estimates of C&D waste composition in India. In addition, current survey findings and assessment carried out in 2005 by IL&FS Ecosmart are also shown in the Table
Typical Composition of Indian C&D waste Others, 1% Wood, 2% Bitumen, 2% Metals, 5% Soil, Sand & gravel, 36% Concrete, 23%
Bricks & Masonry, 31%
Table 12.4: C&D Waste Composition (in %)

Composition of C&D5 Soil/Sand, Gravel Bitumen Metals Masonry / Brick Concrete Wood Others Total Typical as per TIFAC 36.0 2.0 5.0 31.0 23.0 2.0 1.0 100.0 MCD Survey, 2004 43.0 15.0 35.0 7.0 100.0 Survey 2005 by IL&FS Ecosmart 31.5 0.4 59.0 1.5 7.6 100.0
Note: Metal, Timber, glass, plasterboard and plastic are almost entirely recycled.
From the survey findings of IL&FS Ecosmart, it may be inferred that the C&D waste in Delhi mainly contains soil/sand, gravels and brick masonry.
5
Constituents of C&D waste are, Soil, Concrete, Masonry (i.e, bricks), Stone, Metal, Timber, Glass, Plaster Board and Plastic, porcelain, and Bituminous materials (from road excavations)
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Based on TIFAC study, quantum of waste generated during Construction is of the order of 35 kg / sq.m of construction activity, while during demolition waste generated is about 350 kg / sq.m of demolition. As per the log sheets kept at the landfills, the quantity of C&D waste was found to vary from a high of 2877 TPD in July to a low of 442-446 TPD during August and September during a period of 15 months proceeding May 2005. The average comes to 879 TPD. The higher quantum during July is due to removal of silt from drains. On the other hand, generation of 1600-2000 TPD is indicated as per the transport arrangements of MCD. However, the quantum reaching the landfill is the quantity collected by MCD and does not reflect the generation. It also needs mention that most of the C&D is consumed internally for land filling and bricks, metal and wood are recycled. It is not obligatory for MCD to collect and dispose C & D waste. As per the regulations, the responsibility of disposal of construction waste is with the generator and MCD levies a fee of Rs. 250 / Ton of Waste disposed at landfill. However, significant quantities of waste are disposed at unauthorized /
designated public locations. From these points, Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is forced to evacuate C&D to the landfills.
Typically, demolition activity is undertaken by specialized demolition contractors who bring their own equipment and personnel and transport the residual waste. The property owners pay fee to the demolition contractors, which is decided based on the recoverable value of recycled materials steel, wood, glass, pipes etc. by demolition contractors. The diagram below describes the existing collection and transportation practices for C&D in the city of Delhi.
Authorized sites Landfill
Tier 1
Homes
Cycle Tractor Mule
Unauthorized sites
Developers Others
Tier III MCD Contractors
Landfill
Tier 2
LCV Truck
Recycled / landfill
Landfill
Disposal practices: Currently the C&D waste is disposed without any kind of processing at Ghazipur and Bhalswa MSW disposal sites. Considerable quantities are disposed off at unauthorized locations or MCD designated dumping sites in Delhi. List of some of the existing C&D waste dumping sites in Delhi, visited recently, is provided in Annexure 4.
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It is very important that construction and demolition waste is kept separate from the other municipal solid waste so that the processing and disposal is more efficient and the inerts are at least partially utilized. MCD is considering a pilot project for the collection, transportation and disposal of 500TPD of C&D waste for few selected zones of the city. The rationale for the proposed project is to separate C&D stream from MSW and in this process 12.4 Transfer the responsibility of the costs of collection, transportation, and disposal to the C&D waste generator, and Streamline the C&D waste collection and transportation to improve the existing condition of the city Explore & develop a market for processed C&D waste.
CONSTRAINTS TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL The technical problems relate to municipal storage, collection and transportation. But the major problem is in the area of processing and disposal. Open 'dhalao' (masonry built dust bin) is still the major receptacle for municipal solid waste in Delhi. These lead to two-fold problems exposure of the waste to the environment and multiple handling (from depositing of the garbage to its loading on to the waiting collection vehicle whether manually or by a frontend loader and again un-loading at the landfill unless the transporting vehicle is tipping type). The private operators are using smaller bins with lids (plastics or FRP made) and dumper placer containers, where the above mentioned problems are under control. However some of the dumper containers are not covered, leading to environmental pollution. Open vehicles are being used for transporting the waste across busy roads in majority of the cases, which needs to be controlled in a planned way. Putting a dangling tarpaulin over the open truck of garbage is no solution. Processing and disposal of municipal garbage is the most crucial issue. The existing landfills (dump-sites) are almost full. They need to be closed immediately in a scientific manner to the extent possible and new sanitary landfill (SLF) sites need to be developed and commissioned at the earliest possible. The major constraints in this are: 1. Provision of adequate land for building new sanitary landfills 2. To make arrangement for disposal of the waste in the intervening period before the new SLFs can receive waste
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Proposed site at Bhatti Mines
Proposed site at Jaitpur (dewatering under process)
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As of now, MCD is trying to set up 3 new facilities at (a) Jaitpur, (b) NarelaBawana and (c) Bhatti-mines (Refer Table 12.5): Table 12.5: Three Proposed Sites for Solid Waste Management
S. No. 1 Site Jaitpur (deep pit, average 25 meter deep) Narela Bawana (flat land) Bhatti Mines (deep pits 4 nos., about 20 meter deep) Total Area available (Ha) 24.6 Status / Remarks The work has been awarded. The deep pit was filled with water. De-watering is being done since last 2 years but is not complete yet. The steep sides would require expertise of high level for planning and execution of the job. EIA completed. Land yet to be handed over to MCD EIA completed. Land yet to be handed over to MCD.
2 3
60.0 68.0
152.6
From the above, it would appear that there is no possibility of construction and commissioning of any of these facilities in the next one year. Therefore the biggest challenge would be to accommodate the garbage in the existing sites in a scientific manner and at the same time remedy the environmental problems of the existing dump-sites. 12.5 APPROPRIATE PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL The key issues in Delhi with respect to solid waste management are: Efficient service delivery (collection and removal of garbage, construction and demolition debris and other types of waste, street sweeping etc. leading to clean surroundings and feeling of well being amongst the citizens) Appropriate disposal of waste in conformity with the applicable rules and most importantly, Strategy for reducing land requirement
In the above listing, the most important element is reduction in land requirement for disposal. In the absence of adequate land, the three landfill sites are being over-used. As per the present situation, Delhi is actually in a very serious situation with respect to land required for processing and disposal of solid waste.
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Chapter 13 : Institutional Assessment
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 13 Institutional Assessment
CHAPTER - 13 INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT

13.1 INTRODUCTION The current political set up in Delhi is the result of the 69th Constitutional' Amendment, passed by the Parliament in 1991, followed by the GNCTD Act, 1991. The provisions of this act provide for the setting up of the Assembly and the Council of Ministers for the NCT. The act also contains provisions, which distinguish the NCT from other Union Territories under the Constitution. This chapter presents the existing institutional framework in Delhi responsible for provision of urban infrastructure. It presents institutional issues and the institutional development strategy. 13.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT-NCTD The institutional framework for urban management in Delhi has a multiplicity of agencies, both central and state. They also look after various functions relating to urban infrastructure and its management. The institutions/agencies involved for performing city level functions in city are categorized as (A) Central Government Agencies; (B) State Government Agencies.
Figure 13.1: Institutional Linkages in Delhi

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PART A: CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 13.3 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI
13.3.1. Constitutional Framework The MCD has been set up under the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957, covering the entire area of NCT, except the areas controlled by the NDMC and Delhi Cantonment Board. The Act has been revised in 1993 to bring its various provisions into conformity with the 74th Constitutional Amendment. Organisation Structure The governance structure of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is divided into two wings viz. elected wing and administrative wing. Delhi has Mayor-inCouncil system. Mayor in Council comprises 114 elected members. Mayor is Chairperson of the Council. Also, there are 13 special and 13 Ad-hoc committees on various subjects. The special committees are namely Assurance Committee, Works Committee, MRPH Committee, Environment Management Committee, Garden Committee, Law & General Purpose Committee, Special (Improvement & Development) Committees, Special Committees, Sports promotions & allied matter committee, High powered property tax committee, Municipal Accounts Committee, Code of Conduct for councilors committee. The ad-hoc committees are namely Remunerative Projects Committee, Licensing & Tehbazari Committee, Community Services Committee, Welfare of Scheduled Castes & Implementation of SC Candidates Quota committee, Anti-Malaria Measures Committee, Anti-Flood Measures Committee, Naming & Renaming Committee, Grants-in-Aid Committee, National Festivals, Fares Committee, Mahila Kalyan & Bal Vikas Committee, Grievances Redressal Committee, Education Committee and Rural Area Committee. The Municipal Commissioner oversees the functioning of administrative wing. He is assisted by the Deputy Commissioners and departmental heads. Departments include health, taxation, engineering, complaints, licensing, community and Horticulture. For administrative purpose corporation area is divided into 12 zones comprising 134 wards. Commissioner Zone heads the zonal office. After the zonal offices there are 134 ward offices at Lower level. 13.3.2. Functions The functions of MCD are listed in Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957. It provides for mandatory functions and provides for discretionary functions of MCD. The major function of MCD are: city cleanliness, solid waste management, maintenance of gardens/dividers/circles, street light, bio-medical waste, slaughter house, encroachment removal, stray cattle management, community toilets, community halls, parking lots, development works, advertisement, property tax, and licensing. Billing and Collection: Billing of taxes and other charges are updated frequently. Collection system of revenues is inefficient; resulting in increases of arrears, and is increasing year by year.
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Project Financing and Implementation: MCD partly dependent on its own funds and partly on the funds received as grants. Most of the capital works done are through grants and loans from Central and State Government Asset Management: MCD maintains it assets records. Budgets and Audit: MCD at present maintains it accounts in registers as well as computer based double entry accounting system. For every financial year balance sheet for accounts is prepared. Financial statements are prepared by chartered accountant. There is provision for periodical review of municipal finances by auditor general. Use of Technology: The MCD has partially implemented e-governance programme. Under this programme (over the project period) integrated computerized system can be developed and implemented for efficient service delivery. The project would develop and commission four modules for each of municipal function. The project can offer services like deposit of electric, telephone, water bills, Birth Death certificate, payment of house tax, etc, through its ward wise kiosks installed through out the Delhi. MCD has started computer based double entry accounting system since 2002-03. MCD has established a Help-line phone number for resolution of Public Grievances regarding sanitation, sewer, streetlights etc. The Other functions now being performed by it like generation, transmission and distribution of electricity; supply and distraction of water and disposal of sewage; fire services and setting up and running of new hospitals are sought to be transferred to other agencies. 13.3.3. Issues The institutional, administrative, legal and financial issues of the MCD are presented below: Continued control of the Central Government over its administration and affairs, which needs to be transferred to the GNCTD; Decentralization of the present monolithic structure by setting up more Corporations after their viability has been established. It is understood that a policy decision has already been taken to set up a separate Corporation for the East Delhi; An O&M Study of the present structure and remaining functions of the Corporation, to make it efficient and manageable and to farm out some more functions relating to education and medical, to other agencies of the GNCTD, so that the MCD concentrates on its primary role as a municipal body; Ensure effective public- private partnership in waste management; Increase its resource base by levying service charges for various services like waste management, street lights, and entertainment facilities, community services like parks, play grounds, libraries and reading rooms. 13-3
13.4
DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
13.4.1. Constitutional Framework The DDA, a body corporate, has been set up under the Delhi Development Act, 1957. Earlier, the United Provinces Town Improvement Act was extended to Delhi, followed by the setting up of the Delhi Improvement Trust in 1937. Organizational Structure The controlling jurisdiction of the DDA is with the Ministry of Urban Development, with the LG as its Chairman and a nominated Governing Board. Many of the features of the present remit of DDA are based on planning and development ideas in the original Act. 13.4.2. Functions The functions and powers of the Delhi Development authority as per DDA Act, 1957 are listed below: Pioneering Urban Development: To formulate a Master Plan for covering the present and future growth of Delhi and to promote and secure the development of Delhi according to the plan covering all the possible activities. Creating Metropolis: Preparing schemes and advising the concerned authorities departments and agencies in formulating and undertaking schemes for development agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, forestry, transport, communication, schooling, cultural activities, sports, Medicare, tourism entertainment and similar other activities; to acquire, hold, manage and dispose of land and other property; to carry out building, engineering, mining and other operations; Formulation and sanction of the projects and schemes for the development of the Delhi; Institutional and Industrial Development: Institutional & Industrial development as part of city building, which makes Delhi a land of opportunities. DDA has so far allotted land to various institutions for social, educational, cultural and religious purposes. Some of the landmarks institutional are at Siri Fort, Katwaria Sarai, Qutab Institutional area, etc. To acquire, hold, manage and dispose of property, movable or immovable, as it may deem necessary; To enter into contracts, agreements or arrangements with any person or organization as the Authority may deem necessary for performing its functions; Power to acquire land for public purpose under the provisions of land acquisition act 1984.
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13.4.3. Institutional Issues The institutional issues are as follows: Since NCTD has a responsible popular government it should be enabled to provide housing and other amenities relating to land, to fulfill the genuine ambitions of the people of Delhi; there is a need for GNCTD to have some say to in the working of DDA. DDA can consider how much it should involve itself in the function of housing construction. In fact, there is a thinking at official level nowadays that public agency should take up construction of houses only for the low income groups; DDA should concentrate on its primary function of preparing the Master Plan as a Perspective Plan from which the Zonal Development Plans could be prepared through the local governments by providing them with expertise or at least in collaboration with them;
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CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) AND DELHI POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE (DPCC)
13.5.1. Constitutional Framework The CPCB has been set up under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and also has all the functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Delhi, being a Union Territory, the law does not provide for any separate Board and the CPCB has all the powers of a Board for the state. The DPCC has been set up by the CPCB on 15.03.1991, delegating all its powers under the two acts to the Committee. Organizational Structure The Delhi Pollution Control Committee is headed by the Secretary, Environment, and GNCTD. The Director, Environment in the DoE is the MemberSecretary of the Committee. A nominee of the Central Pollution Control Board and Secretary, Local self Government, are the other two members. The DPCC has three zonal engineers of the rank of Superintending Engineers, assisted by Executive Engineers, Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers, 27 in all. 13.5.2. Functions CPCB looks at the compliance at the national level, monitoring of water quality of the Yamuna and discharging drains at various locations. The DPCC, in effect is the primary agency in the NCT, to carry out the regulatory work relating to prevention and control of water and air pollution. 13.5.3. Institutional Issues A large number of posts, 170 out of a total of 256, sanctioned for the Committee, are reported to be lying vacant. The Committee has no field agency worth its name and hardly any captive monitoring facilities. Its financial resources are totally inadequate to the task. The Committee would need
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strengthening in its human resources and equipment for monitoring. Its staff would also need to be trained for maintenance and operation of the equipment. The availability of facilities with the CPCB and the existence of the EPCA, can not be a substitute the need for an effective and well-equipped set up with the DPCC. 13.6 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) AUTHORITY (EPCA) FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
13.6.1. Constitutional Framework The Ministry of Environment and Forests had set up the EPCA, on 29th January, 1998 for two years. Its term has since been extended by another two years. Organizational Structure The EPCA consisting of five part time members, and with no permanent secretariat of its own, has been set up in view of the gigantic and complex nature of environmental problems of Delhi. It has been specifically entrusted with the task of monitoring the progress of the action plan as contained in the White Paper on Pollution in Delhi, issued by the Central Government in December, 1997. The Supreme Court also has entrusted specific tasks to the EPCA from time to time. 13.6.2. Functions The EPCA has also been entrusted with the following functions: standards for the quality of the environment in its various aspects; standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources; restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes or class of industries or processes shall not be carried out or shall be carried out subject to certain safeguards; procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents which may cause environmental pollution and remedial measures for such accidents; Procedures and safeguards for the handling of hazardous substances.; All necessary steps for control of vehicular population; Power to issue directions for ensuring maintenance of the specified ambient noise standards.
13.6.3. Institutional Issues Since the functions entrusted to the EPCA are long term and continuous in nature, it must have a permanent set up and some full time members with specialised experience of dealing with environmental issues in Delhi;
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The EPCA should have at its disposal, its own resources, to order specific studies and obtain help of experts; There seems to be a problem in the NCT in the maintenance of the monitoring equipment installed at various places and more such equipment is needed. The EPCA may be the right agency to take up this function. There is no doubt that with its limited resources notwithstanding, the EPCA has done considerable amount of good work in improving the air and water quality in the NCT.
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DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC)
13.7.1. Constitutional Framework The DUAC has been set up in 1974 by the DUAC Act 1973, to advise the Central Government and provide advice and guidance to the local bodies, for maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design in Delhi. Organizational Structure The Commission consists of the Chairman and such number of other members, being not less than two or more than four appointed by the Central government as per notification in the official Gazetteer. 13.7.2. Functions The act requires the local bodies to refer all building and engineering operations and development proposals to the Commission, before according approval to them. Function of the DUAC is essentially to advise Central Government in the matters of preserving, developing and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environment design in Delhi and advice and guide the local bodies for the same. 13.7.3. Institutional Issues In the context of this recommendation it would be desirable that the entire major projects which need such an examination of the design from the point of view urban arts, especially in the context of heritage and sensitive sites and developments in their vicinity are referred to the Commission. 13.8 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD (NCRPB)
13.8.1. Constitutional Framework The setting up of the NCRPB in 1985 under the NCRPB Act, 1985, enacted under the provisions of Article 252 of the Constitution with the consent of the states of U.P., Haryana, and Rajasthan for preparation of the regional plan. Organisation Structure The Board consists of such number of members, not exceeding twenty-one, as may be prescribed, and unless the rules made in this behalf otherwise provide, the Board shall consist of the following members, namely :- the Union Minister
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for Works and Housing, who shall be the Chairman of the Board; the Chief Minister of the State of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh; the Administrator of the Union territory ; eight members, to be nominated by the Central Government on the recommendation of the participating States and the Administrator of the Union territory ; provided that not more than two members shall be nominated on the recommendation of a participating State or, as the case may be the Administrator of the Union territory; three other members of whom one shall be a person having knowledge and experience in town planning to be nominated by the Central Government; a full-time Member-Secretary of the Board, to be nominated by the Central Government from amongst officers of or above the rank of a Joint Secretary to the Government of India; Provided that no change shall be made in the composition of the Board by rules except with the consent of the Government of each of the participating States and of the Administrator of the Union territory. 13.8.2. Function The Board has the following functions and powers: Preparation of Regional Plan and Functional Plans; Getting the Sub-Regional & Project Plans prepared by the participating States; Coordinating the enforcement & implementation of the Plans through the participating States; and Arranging and overseeing the financing of selected development projects. Call for reports and information from the participating States and the Union territory with regard to preparation, enforcement and implementation of Functional Plans and Sub-regional Plans ; Ensure that the preparation, enforcement and implementation of Functional Plan or Sub-Regional Plan, as the case may be, is in conformity with the Regional Plan ; Indicate the stages for the implementation of the Regional Plan ; Review the implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plan, SubRegional Plan and Project Plan ; Select and approve comprehensive projects, call for priority development and provide such assistance for the implementation of those projects as the Board may deem fit ; Select, in consultation with the State Government concerned, any urban areas, outside the National Capital Region having regard to its location, population and potential for growth, which may be developed in order to achieve the objectives of the Regional Plan ; and Entrust to the Committee such other functions as it may consider necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. 13-8
13.8.3. Institutional Issues The GNCTD and its various agencies should realise that the NCRPB has been set up to help Delhi. They should make full use of the Board in solving various problems of Delhi. The Planning Commission and' the Central Ministries should make) vigorous efforts to develop the infrastructure in the NCR, outside Delhi, which in the long run, would produce better results for protection of environment. The GNCTD and the DDA should implement the policies enunciated in the Statutory Regional Plan, accepted by all the participating states, relating to industries, trade and commerce and generation of employment. They should, in any case, not take or permit others to take steps, which are contrary to those policies. The role of the NCRPB in laying down the various policies for Delhi should be enhanced and the Board should be associated in major investment decisions in Delhi. The NCRPB Act should be amended to permit the Board to take up implementation of projects of inter state nature with the consent of the concerned states. This would help in better and timely execution of such projects. There is a good case for creating disincentives for industrial and other establishments proposing to settle down in Delhi. On the contrary, the present policies in the NCT are generating incentives for them. The NCRPB should prepare Functional Plans under Section 16 of their Act, providing for setting up of joint projects for power, industrial development, housing, water supply, sewerage sanitation etc.
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DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION
13.9.1. Constitutional framework The need for a mass rapid transit system, based on rail, has been felt in Delhi for a very long time. However, it is only in May 1995 that a company named Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd, under the Companies Act, could be set up. This is a joint effort between the Government of India and Government of Delhi, in equal participation. 13.9.2. Functions Work on first phase of the project, comprising the construction of 55.3 kms of railway line, has begun from December 1997. The first stage of this phase between Shahdara to Tis Hazari is scheduled for commissioning in March, 2002. The entire first phase is due for completion in March, 2005.
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13.10 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) 13.10.1. Constitutional framework An exclusive committee, known as Imperial Delhi Committee was constituted for the first time on March 25th 1913, for the management and construction of the proposed capital. In 1916, it was notified as Raisina Municipal Committee under the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911. In 1927, it was re-designated as NDMC. In 1932, it was upgraded as a first grade municipality and entrusted with the responsibility of providing civic services, along with construction of buildings. The situation has changed with the enactment of the NDMC Act, 1994 by the Parliament, which now governs the affairs of the NDMC. Organisation Structure The NDMC Act is structured more or less on the lines of the MCD Act, except for some distinguishing features as indicated below: The Central Government has retained most of the controlling powers over the NDMC, except that the GNCTD can also prescribe discretionary functions for the committee through general or specific orders. The GNCTD can also get the accounts of the committee audited. The Chairman is appointed by the Central Government, in consultation with the Chief Minister of the NCT. The remaining 11 members are also appointed by the Central Government, though 2 of them again are to be appointed in consultation with the C.M. Separate provisions have been made for discharging functions relating to water supply, drainage, sewerage and transport in its area of jurisdiction. The provisions of the NDMC Act 1994 have attempted to provide some say to the locally elected Members of the Parliament and Legislative Assembly and the right of consultation to the C.M. of the GNCTD in the appointment of two members and the Chairman. This position is likely to continue till the Central Government wishes to retain full control of the area.
13.10.2. Functions and Powers In addition to providing basic civic amenities to its residents, the New Delhi Municipal Council also ensures various social, cultural, educational and medical facilities, especially to the government/ municipal employees and other weaker sections of society. It is perhaps the only municipality in the country that supplies electricity and water and its discretionary functions encompass promotion of sports, art, music and culture, maintenance of libraries, and care for the old, mentally and hearing impaired. It takes care of working women, housing problems and social facilities like barat ghars and community centers. It always aims to achieve it by eliciting peoples' cooperation and public participation.
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13.10.3. Institutional Issues It appears that the constitution of the NDMC is not in conformity with the provisions of Articles 2430 and 243R of the, Constitution relating to constitution of municipalities and certain other provisions introduced in the 74th Constitutional Amendment. This really puts a question mark on the legality of the NDMC itself. PART B: STATE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 13.11 GNCTD SET-UP The GNCTD is headed by the Lieutenant Governor, who is also the Administrator of the Union Territory of Delhi. The Chief Minister is the head of the Government, and discharges the duties and responsibility, with the assistance of Council of Ministers. There are various departments, each having a minister and the secretary The following Secretaries look after functions relating to urban infrastructure. (i) Secretary, Urban Development, dealing with MCD, Delhi Jal Board, Slums, Heritage and other issues relating to municipal management and urban development; (ii) Secretary, Land and Building, dealing with housing, acquisition of land, Public Works Department and related activities; (iii) Secretary, Environment, dealing with Delhi Pollution Control Committee as its Chair Person and other issues relating to Environment; (iv) Secretary, Transport in charge of Delhi Transport Corporation and other issues relating to transport ; (v) Secretary, Finance and Planning, dealing with Infrastructure Development and related issues of Public Private Partnership in the field of urban infrastructure; 13.12 DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB) 13.12.1. Constitutional setup The DJB has been set up by the Delhi Jal Board Act, 1998 passed by the parliament, to provide for the establishment of a Board to discharge the functions of water supply, sewerage disposal and drainage within the NCT and for matters connected therewith. Organizational Structure The Chief Minister of Delhi is the chairperson of the Board, which has 17 members. The Chief Executive of the Board has to be appointed by the GNCTD. The GNCTD also has been authorized to exercise other control, including issue of directions, to the Board.
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It is too early to offer comments on the functioning of the DJB, which has yet to be fully constituted (three posts of full time members are vacant) and gain full control of the operations. 13.12.2. Functions As of now Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible for procurement of raw water, treatment and supply to the three constituents and responsible for distribution of water supply and related works in MCD area. DJB is also responsible to collect, transmit, treatment and disposal of waste water from the three constituents and for operation & maintenance of sewer system within the MCD area. 13.13 DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION On the establishment of the MCD in 1957, the transport services in Delhi were transferred to the Corporation. Subsequently, a new statutory corporation, known as Delhi Transport Corporation was set up under the Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950. However, its control remained with the Central Government. With the reorganization of the political set up in Delhi, the control and the assets have been transferred to the GNCTD. However, the outstanding loans and the interest have been written off. 13.13.1. Summary of Issues The issues related to urban institutional set up are discussed in Table below.
Issues Implementation of 74th CAA Status Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has not been able to implement the 74th Amendment to the Constitution. It has been pushing hard to approve the Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2005 whose decision is still awaited with the Union Home Ministry. Major administrative decisions for making and implementing the Master Plan are still taken by the Central Government Agency, that is, DDA. MCD has been trying hard to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violate the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act. Since legislation is not enacted by the GNCTD, necessary institutional mechanisms such as the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and DMPC are not in place. Overruling of the Delhi High Court decisions by the NCT of Delhi and Ministry of Urban Development. For instance, MoUD issued a notification, a procedure not allowed under the Delhi Development Act 1957, to allow mixed land uses in the residential areas located along the roads with a certain RoW. There is a lack of clarity over the departmental responsibilities for land use planning, development, maintenance and enforcement. This has resulted in ineffective and uncoordinated decision making and actions. For instance, the boundaries of the revenue districts and the MCD zones overlap with each other.
Overlapping of jurisdiction
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Overlapping of functions Other Sectors
Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has failed to identify and coordinate with the State Government. Water Supply Revenue 2 times the expenditure cost, indicating high operation and maintenance cost and highly subsidized water supply. Revenue losses due to less coverage / jurisdiction area (45%). High rate of water loss (40%). No centralized database and information management system in place. Heritage and Conservation Piecemeal, uncoordinated approach to the heritage and conservation in Delhi. Limited positive and meaningful co-operation between the agencies involved. No overall planning and direction in the sector. Monuments are in dilapidated stage and being altered heavily (losing their historical value) Number of heritage buildings occupied by State and Central Government Departments. No Incentives and technical support given to owners of heritage building for theyre up keep and maintenance. Difficult to apply laws and regulations and at the same time lack of rules/ guidelines for restoration of civil heritage, construction on and demolition of heritage structure. Lack of political commitment and public awareness on heritage value. Lack of Public facilities in and around the monuments and area. Poor Solid Waste Management in old city. Public Private Partnership for development of tourism and heritage conservation.
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Chapter 14 : Review of Urban Finance
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 14 Review of Urban Finance
CHAPTER - 14 REVIEW OF URBAN FINANCE

14.1 TOWARDS A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FINANCIAL ASPECTS The financial aspects of the City Development Plan (CDP) of Delhi is anchored onto the primary goal of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), of creating economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. This chapter details the municipal finances of the Municipal Corporation and other entities involved in the provision of services and outline the receipts and expenditure over the last five years, which would form the base for the preparation of Financial & Operating Plan (FOP). 14.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SITUATION The purpose of this section is to review and analyze the existing financial situation in terms of trends in revenues and expenditures by authorities concerned with the development of the city. The entities, which have been studied, are: 14.3 Municipal Corporation of Delhi (Annex. 14-1) New Delhi Municipal Council (Annex. 14-2) Delhi Jal Board (Annex. 14-3)
OVERVIEW OF MCD FINANCES MCD income and expenditure are maintained on cash basis. However MCD has shifted to accrual accounting system from FY 2002-03, but it is maintaining the accounts on cash system also as the accrual system has not been fully adopted due to lack of correct information on all assets and liabilities particularly property tax arrears. Municipal finances of Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) have been reviewed for the last five years, commencing from the financial year (FY) 2000-01. Revenue income of MCD has grown to a level of Rs. 2258.47 crores in the FY 2004-05 from Rs. 1372.85 crores in FY 2000-01; the revenue income had registered an average annual growth rate of 11.47 percent whereas the revenue expenditure increased at an average annual rate of 7.68 percent, thus indicating a surplus position during this period. Capital income of MCD comprises of loans and grants, in the form of loan for infrastructure development and grants for improvement of basic services. A major share of capital income is in the form of grants. As observed in Table 14.1, the capital expenditure has been relatively consistent during the review period. During FY 2004-05, capital expenditure had increased to Rs. 727.11 crore from Rs. 596.29 crore in the FY 2000-01. The highest percentage of expenditure was on providing infrastructure for colonies.
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Table 14.1: Financial Status of MCD (in Rs. crore)

Item A. Revenue Account Opening balance Income Expenditure Surplus B. Capital Account Opening balance Income Expenditure Surplus 2000-01 0.12 1372.85 1372.80 0.16 139.50 577.94 596.29 121.15 2001-02 0.16 1570.66 1570.65 0.17 121.15 619.35 612.62 127.88 2002-03 0.17 1659.50 1624.07 35.60 127.87 734.24 693.26 168.86 2003-04 35.60 1652.11 1677.73 9.98 168.86 713.21 776.42 105.65 2004-05 9.98 2258.48 1950.47 317.99 105.64 803.29 727.11 181.83
Source: Non-Plan Income & Expenditure Budget 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD
The above table shows that the capital account has witnessed a surplus, implying that capital receipts are not being fully utilised. Further review of the revenue and capital accounts indicates that surplus has increased over period of 2000-01 to 2004-05. The sharp rise in the surplus of the revenue account in 2004-05 has been attributed to an abnormal rise in the Ways and Means advance.
Revenue Account
2500 2000 In Rs. crore 1500 1000 500 0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Revenue Income Revenue Expenditure
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Capital Account
900 800 700
In Rs. crore
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Capital Income Capital Expenditure
14.3.1 Revenue Account The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and revenue expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal/own resources in the form of tax and non-tax items and external resources in the form of shared taxes/transfers and revenue grants from the State Government. Revenue expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries, operation & maintenance expenditure and debt servicing. Revenue Income The source wise revenue income is given in Table 14.2. Own sources comprises 68 percent of the income whereas, external source contributes 32 percent of the revenue income. Table 14.3 presents major head wise revenue income for 5-year review period. Table 14.2: Source-wise Revenue income (in Rs. crore)
Item Own sources Grants (Including Ways & Means Advance) Assigned revenue Total 2000-01 971.35 173.95 227.55 1372.85 2001-02 1161.21 161.51 247.94 1570.66 2002-03 1185.53 177.17 296.80 1659.50 2003-04 1237.09 119.73 295.29 1652.11 2004-05 1243.05 668.42 347.01 2258.48
Source: Non-Plan Income & Expenditure Budget 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD
Own Sources Own-source income includes income from resource mobilisation activities of MCD in the form of taxes, user fees, fines, trade licences, etc. Own revenue sources are further classified as tax and non-tax sources that are generated by various sections of the MCD.
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Source wise break-up of Revenue income
Own sources
Assigned revenue 1 7%
Grants Assigned revenue
Grants 1 5% Own sources 68%
Tax Sources: About 56 percent of the revenue is contributed by tax sources, which includes Property Tax, Tax on Consumption and Sale of Electricity and Animal & Toll Tax.
Some of the main features of this head of revenue income are listed below: Income from own sources accounts to about 70 percent of revenue income Income from tax sources has shown an average annual growth rate of 8.07 percent over the 5 year period, compounded annual growth rate of 7.52 percent and income from fines and fees increased at an average annual growth rate of 30 percent over the same period. Major items of own-source income, contributing towards revenue income, include property tax (41%) and other income (6%) which includes income from commercial ventures, development charges etc.
Table 14.3: Major head-wise break-up of Revenue Income (in Rs. Crore)
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Item Municipal Taxes and Rates Rents and Fees Others Global Sharing of TaxesAssigned Education GrantReimbursement Grant Ways and Means Advance Total Revenue Income 2000-01 803.56 21.62 146.16 227.55 93.95 80.00 1372.85 2001-02 900.41 20.57 240.23 247.94 101.51 60.00 1570.66 2002-03 958.52 27.71 199.30 296.80 117.17 60.00 1659.50 2003-04 1080.25 31.74 125.10 295.29 119.73 0.00 1652.11 2004-05 1074.13 60.53 108.39 347.01 358.42 310.00 2258.48
Income through own-source heads that contribute substantially towards revenue income include:
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Property Tax Income from property tax is the single largest and most elastic source of revenue, contributing about 40-45 percent to the total revenue. Income through Property Tax up till 31-3-2004 was based on the Annual Rental Value of the property. From 1-4-2004 a new system for assessing properties has been introduced called the Unit Area Method of property tax.
Unit Area Assessment The Unit Area Method of Assessment is based on fixing a unit area value per square meter of covered space for calculation of property tax. The tax for a particular property is based on the annual value of the property arrived at, by multiplying unit area value assigned to the colonies/localities with the covered area of the property and the multiplicative factors for occupancy, age, structure and use. The Unit Area Values category wise is given in the table below: Category A B C D Value: (in Rs. Per 630 500 400 320 square meter) The above values are valid up till Assessment Year 2006 -2007 E 270 F 230 G 200 H 100
The Unit Area Value for vacant land in excess of 75 % of the total plot area would be computed at a factor of 0.3 of the base unit value of the colony. The Multiplicative factors are given below: A. Structure Factor (SF) Pucca 1.0 Semi Pucca 0.7 Kucha 0.5
Structure Type Factor (SF) B. Age Factor Prior to April 1960 0.5
Year of completion Factor (AF) C.
April 1960 to March 1969 0.6
April 2000 Onwards 1.0
Occupancy Factor (OF) - For Residential Properties A 2.0 B 2.0 C 2.0 D 2.0 E 2.0 F 2.0 G 2.0 H 2.0
Category Factor (OF) D.
Use Factor (UF) For Non Residential Uses: I 1 II 2 III 3 IV 4 V 10
Use Factor (UF)
Where: (I) Public Purpose (II) Public Utility/Telecom towers (III) Industry, Entertainment, Recreation and Clubs (IV) Business, restaurants, Hotels up to 2 star (V) 3 Star and above Hotels/Towers/ Hoardings. Self-Assessment and Calculation of Tax Under Unit Area Method: In the old system of property taxation the onus for raising demand rested with the corporation, whereas in the current system of property taxation, concept of self-assessment has been introduced for the first time whereby, the onus for filing returns and paying taxes is that of the owner/occupier. The method of calculating Self-assessment tax is as follows:
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Step 1: Measure the covered area of property; Step 2: Take the unit area value of the locality /category notified by the corporation; Step 3: Calculate the annual value by using the following formula: Annual Value = Unit Area Value X Covered Area X Multiplicative Factors Step 4: Where different portions of property are put to different uses or other parameters like concessions/rebates applicable are different, the annual value will be calculated for each portion separately. Step 5: Calculate tax by multiplying the above value by the respective rate of tax as notified by the corporation from year to year.
Duty on transfer of properties Any property transaction in MCD limits attracts duty on transfer of properties at rate 5% of the stamp duty amount. Toll Tax Toll tax is payable on all vehicles entering National capital Territory of Delhi and ranges from Rs. 25 - Rs. 500 per day for various categories of vehicles, MCD also offers monthly and quarterly passes also for toll tax. Tax on Consumption and sale of Electricity Any consumer in MCD is liable to pay tax to MCD on electricity consumption; currently it is at 5% of billing amount. If consumers have captive power plants than the rate payable is 10 paise for KWH and tax on electricity suppliers is also 10 paise for KWH. Non-Tax Sources: Non-tax sources include all non-tax revenues such as fees and charges levied by the MCD. Such revenue sources include income from education fee, fines for cattle pounds, fees from hospitals, fees from vehicles licenses, special registration for trades, rents on land, buildings and car parking etc.
Composition of Revenue Income (5-year Average)

Ways and Means Advance 6% Municipal Taxes and Rates 56%
Education GrantReimbursement Grant 9%
Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 17% Others 10%
Rents and Fees 2%
The income from non-tax revenue receipts has increased marginally from Rs 167.78 crores in FY 2000-01 to Rs. 168.92 crores in FY 200405. External Sources The external sources of MCD include income from global sharing of taxes from Government of Delhi, education grant and ways and means advances. Government of Delhi transfers about 5.5% of its income to MCD under the head of as global sharing of taxes as per SFC recommendation, this source contributes only 17% of municipal revenue income and have registered an average annual growth rate of about 12%. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi 14-6
In addition MCD receives grant towards reimbursement of education expenditure and for improvements in resettlement colonies, though 60% of education expenditure and 100% of plan expenditure for resettlement colonies is reimbursable, however MCD gets 30% of education expenditure and for resettlement colonies the receipt is almost nil and this grant is limited to maximum of 5% of Government of Delhi income. These grants contribute only 9% of municipal revenue income and have registered an average annual growth rate of about 3.76%. In addition to SFC and education grants MCD receives some advances towards ways and means to meet the expenditure. The ways and means advance is inconsistent and on an average it accounts for about 6% of municipal revenue income. Revenue Expenditure Revenue expenditure of MCD has been analyzed department wise, which includes both establishment and operations & maintenance expenditure; the MCD doesnt classify establishment expenditure separately. Thus the expenditure analysis is discussed on each department basis, which is General Supervision, Collection of Revenues, Education, Public Health and Medical Relief, Conservancy Scavenging and Street Cleaning, Roads and Public Lighting and Others. Revenue expenditure grew from Rs.1372.80 crores in the year FY 2000-01 to Rs.1950.47 crores in FY 2004-05 at an average annual growth rate of 7.68 percent. The major items of expenditure include Education (23%), Conservancy and Street Cleaning (20%) and Others (33%). The head Others comprises of expenses on garden & open spaces, libraries, licensing and miscellaneous items. Table 14.4 gives a major head wise break-up of revenue expenditure for 5-year review period.
Com position of Revenue Expenditure (5-year Average)
Education 23%
General Supervision, collection of revenues etc 3%
Public Health and Medical Relief 12% Others 33% Conservancy Scavenging and Street Cleaning 20%
Roads and Public Lighting 9%
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Table 14.4: Major head wise break-up of Revenue Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)
No. 1 2 i ii iii iv v 3 i ii 4 i ii 5 6 Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc 48.00 53.20 53.12 56.14 65.75 Social Welfare & Development Services Education 338.94 333.25 369.41 390.83 455.88 Public Health 37.42 37.74 39.22 40.92 48.38 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 263.40 275.98 298.98 334.82 378.60 Scavenging, Drains and 11.13 8.83 11.40 11.22 11.60 Sewers Medical Relief 124.45 127.52 147.10 166.18 190.28 Recreational Activity Gardens and Open Spaces 61.87 65.07 63.90 69.82 82.69 Libraries 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.97 1.31 Public Works & Safety Roads and Public Lighting 107.65 154.71 132.04 152.27 192.61 Fire Fighting Land Development 26.49 24.44 23.96 28.95 33.21 Misc. including New 352.78 489.26 484.27 425.61 490.15 Works TOTAL 1,372.80 1,570.65 1,624.07 1,677.73 1,950.47
Debt Servicing A review of the loan statement of MCD reveals that as on 31-03-2005 MCD had a total outstanding debt of Rs. 755.66 crores and during the FY 2005-2006 it had done a debt servicing of Rs. 64.20 crores. 14.3.2 Capital Account Income and expenditure items under this account are primarily nonrecurring in nature. Income items include loans, contributions by Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, other agencies and capital grants under various State and Central Government programmes. Expenditure items include expenses booked under developmental works and purchase of capital assets. Capital Income Analysis of this account indicates that 19 percent of capital income is in the form of loans and 81 percent by way of grants. Table 14.5: Source wise break-up of Capital income (in Rs. crore)
Item Grants Loans Total 2000-01 515.00 62.94 577.94 2001-02 549.45 69.90 619.35 2002-03 629.18 105.06 734.24 2003-04 600.46 112.75 713.21 2004-05 651.46 151.84 803.29
Source: Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD
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Capital Expenditure Capital expenditure has been directed towards new parks, water supply, sewerage and works for improvement of slums. The highest percentage has been expended on infrastructure for colonies (27%) and roads (17%). The amount of expenditure has increased from Rs.596.29 crore in FY 2000-01 to Rs.727.11 crore in FY 2004-05. Table 14.6: Major head wise break-up of Capital Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)
Items Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Roads Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies Environmental Improvement MLA and MP LAD Schemes Trans- Yamuna Others Total Expenditure 200001 119.31 105.88 97.32 150.25 3.53 81.44 23.84 14.73 596.29 200102 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 612.62 200203 99.42 136.45 114.18 177.24 9.95 112.29 30.79 12.94 693.26 200304 101.19 127.00 104.37 177.40 16.75 179.94 48.85 20.93 776.42 2004-05 141.96 122.05 124.91 198.29 15.77 58.55 44.09 21.47 727.11
Source: Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD
There is an overall surplus in the capital account indicating a capital utilization ratio of less than 1. 14.3.3 Key Issues and Conclusions Table 14.7: Key Indicators
Sl. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Item Operating Ratio Share of Property Tax Share of Internal Revenues Share of Assigned Revenues Share of Grants Ways & Means advance Capital Utilization ratio 2000-01 1.00 44.66% 70.75% 16.57% 6.84% 5.83% 0.83 2001-02 1.00 43.74% 73.93% 15.79% 6.46% 3.82% 0.83 2002-03 0.98 42.43% 71.44% 17.88% 7.06% 3.62% 0.80 2003-04 1.02 46.54% 74.88% 17.87% 7.25% 0.00% 0.88 2004-05 0.86 28.60% 55.04% 15.36% 15.87% 13.73% 0.79
The following issues emerge from the above analysis carried out on the finances of MCD:
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Revenue Account Status The revenue account of MCD from the year 2002-03 has shown a healthy surplus. The operating ratio over the period of analysis has hovered around unity indicating that revenue income is being wholly utilized to meet revenue expenditure. Revenue Income MCD has generated over 68 percent of its revenue through its own sources. Dependency on the grants is to the extent of 15 percent. Though Property tax is the largest own source revenue income, there is still a scope for improvement by expanding the base by way of covering un-assessed properties. The average collection on current demand is around 55 percent whereas average collection against recovery of arrears is just about 6% giving an overall collection performance of 19 percent. Revenue Expenditure It is observed that about 60-65% of the total revenue income is being spent on the salaries and other related costs which is well above the average when compared to other local bodies the range being 30-40 percent of revenue income. Capital Account status The capital account has consistently given a surplus indicating that there is an underutilization of funds available for carrying out the development work. 14.4 OVERVIEW OF NDMC FINANCES This section covers the details of financial performance of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) during the last five years. NDMC performs the same functions as MCD. The difference being, NDMC covers a much smaller area. NDMC generates its revenue mostly through provision of electricity; water supply etc. and its major expenditure heads are education, water supply & sanitation, social welfare etc. Revenue income of NDMC has grown to a level of Rs. 1078.98 crores in the FY 2004-05 from the level of Rs. 749.52 crores in the FY 2000-01. The revenue income has grown at an average annual growth rate of 10.04 percent against an annual average rate of increase of 6.57 percent in case of revenue expenditure thus indicating a surplus position during this period. Table 14.8: Final Status of NDMC (in Rs. Crores)
Item 2000-01 A. Revenue Account Income 749.52 Expenditure 747.22 Surplus 2.3 B. Capital Account Income Expenditure 11.21 14.99 2001-02 770.87 743.68 27.19 11.71 19.61 2002-03 883.38 775.72 107.66 10.18 9.8 2003-04 863.35 801.48 61.87 15.08 15.8 2004-05 1078.98 954.84 124.14 13.74 11.64
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Item Surplus/(Deficit)
2000-01 (-3.78)
2001-02 (-7.9)
2002-03 0.38
2003-04 (-0.72)
2004-05 2.1
Source: Budgets 2002-03 to 2006-07, NDMC
The capital account consists of grants & loans for activities relating to infrastructure development & improvement of basic services such as medical, education etc. 14.4.1 Revenue Account The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and revenue expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal/own resources in the form of tax and non-tax items. External resources are in the form of shared taxes/transfers and revenue grants from the State Government. Revenue expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries, operation & maintenance expenditure and debt servicing. Revenue Income Revenue income comprises receipts generated through Own Sources as well as receipts in the form of Assigned Revenues and Grants. Own sources Own source of revenue income includes income in the form of taxes, fees & fines, supply of electricity, supply of water etc. Own sources are further classified into tax and non-tax sources. Tax Sources: About 19 percent of the total revenues are derived from the Tax sources which include House Tax, Duty on Transfer of Property, Advertisement Tax and other taxes. Non-Tax Sources: NDMCs major earnings are through non-tax sources, which include income, generated through supply of electricity, which forms 60 percent of the total revenue. The revenue income has increased from Rs. 749.51 crore in FY 2000-01 to Rs.1078.97 crore in FY 2004-05.
Table 14.9: Source wise break-up of Revenue income (in Rs. Crore)
Item Own sources Grants Assigned revenue Total 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 726.79 19.37 3.36 749.51 743.06 23.54 4.28 770.88 853.30 23.81 6.28 883.40 827.79 1022.90 29.17 44.79 6.39 11.29 863.35 1078.97
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Source wise break-up of Revenue Grants 3% Assigned revenue 1%
Own sources Grants Assigned revenue
Own sources 96%
External Assistance This head comprises receipts in the form of Assigned Revenue and Grants, which form 4 percent of the total revenue. Main Features of Revenue account (Receipts) are as follows: Income from own sources accounts for about 96 percent of the total revenue. Revenue from sale of electricity accounts for about 59 percent of the total revenue and has shown an average annual growth rate of 3.47 percent Income from tax sources has shown an average annual growth rate of 15 percent.
Table 14.10: Major head wise break-up of revenue Income (in Rs. Crore)
Item Taxes & other duties Interest Administrative Department Social & Development Services Electricity Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Loans & Advances to Employees Misc. External Assistance Deposit Works TOTAL 200001 102.83 30.28 6.83 4.24 470.32 0.00 0.00 94.23 1.56 19.37 19.86 749.52 200102 123.95 24.55 0.41 3.43 483.71 2.02 0.00 97.14 1.46 23.54 10.66 770.87 200203 152.17 32.53 5.32 3.31 534.14 0.00 0.00 112.40 1.29 23.81 18.41 883.38 200304 145.92 27.43 0.46 3.43 534.70 15.02 0.00 97.92 1.38 29.17 7.92 863.35 2004-05 176.53 178.94 1.28 4.17 537.34 14.46 0.00 109.75 1.06 44.79 10.66 1078.98 Average 140.28 58.75 2.86 3.72 512.04 6.30 0.00 102.29 1.35 28.14 13.50 869.22 % of total revenue 16.14% 6.76% 0.33% 0.43% 58.91% 0.72% 0.00% 11.77% 0.16% 3.24% 1.55% 100%
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Compone nts of Re v e nue Expe nditure

Loans & Advances to Employees 0.14% Misc. External Assistance 3% Deposit Works 1% Taxes & other duties 0.14% Interest 2%
Taxes & other duties Interes t Adm inis trative Departm ent Social&Dvlpm nt Services Electricity Water Supply
Other Municipal Works 9% Roads 2% Water Supply 6%
Administrative Department 19%
Roads Other Municipal Works Loans & Advances to Em ployees Mis c. External As s is tance Depos it Works
Social&Dvlpmnt Services 16% Electricity 42%
Revenue Expenditure Revenue expenditure has been analysed based on expenditure heads broadly classified under the following heads: Taxes & other Duties, Interest, Administrative Department, Social & Development Services, Electricity, Water Supply, Roads and Other Municipal Works etc. Revenue expenditure grew from Rs.747.22 crores in the FY 2000-01 to Rs. 954.84 crores in FY 2004-05 at an average annual growth rate of 6.57 percent. The major items of expenditure include Electricity (41%), Social & Development Services (16%), Water Supply (6%) and Administrative Department (19%). Table 14.11: Major Head wise break-up of Revenue Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)
Item Taxes & other duties 0.92 Interest Administrative Department Social & Development Services Electricity Water Supply 42.85 110.59 0.95 7.11 125.26 1.20 5.44 168.02 1.27 4.83 139.42 1.33 1.89 228.36 1.13 12.42 154.33 0.14 1.54 19.18 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 Average % of total revenue
123.01 272.62 55.61
124.21 334.86 47.20
121.65 335.46 39.57
136.24 354.49 47.85
144.62 370.49 61.53
129.95 333.58 50.35
16.15 41.46 6.26
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Item Roads Other Municipal Works Loans & Advances to Employees Misc. External Assistance
200001 12.23 72.12
200102 15.05 63.20
200203 16.43 68.42
200304 25.84 77.15
200405 13.30 93.13
Average 16.57 74.80
% of total revenue 2.06 9.30
1.44 40.23
1.43 12.25 12.16 743.68
1.04 10.46 8.03 775.72
0.94 7.34 6.11 801.48
0.62 33.83 5.74 954.84
1.09 20.82 9.53 804.59
0.14 2.59 1.18 100
Deposit Works TOTAL
15.60 747.22
S o u Components of Revenue Expenditure Misc. External r Taxes & other Loans & Advances c Assistance Deposit Works duties e to Employees 3% 1% 0.14% 0.14% : Other Municipal Interest B Works 2% u 9% d g Roads e Administrative 2% t Department s 19% Water Supply 6% 2 Social&Dvlpmnt 0 Services 0 16% 2 Electricity 0 42% 3
Taxes & other duties Interest Administrative Department Social&Dvlpmnt Services Electricity Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Loans & Advances to Employees Misc. External Assistance
Debt Servicing A review of the loan statement of NDMC reveals that as on 31.3.2004 NDMC had Rs.32.01 crores as outstanding loan. During the FY 2004-2005 it repaid the whole of this amount together with an outflow on account of interest of Rs.1.88 crores. NDMC has become a zero debt corporation since then. Establishment Expenditure Establishment expenditure (inclusive of Bonus, Gratuity, Pension & other employee benefits) of all sections accounts for just about 36 percent of the total revenue expenditure. The growth in this component has been at an overall average annual growth rate of 6.04 percent.
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Table 14.12: Establishment Expenditure

Items Salary & Allowance Other Employee Cost Total % of Revenue Expenditure % of Revenue Income 2000-01 208.58 47.25 255.83 34.24 34.13 2001-02 221.01 44.02 265.03 35.64 34.38 2002-03 231.59 47.51 279.10 35.98 31.59 2003-04 254.40 56.86 311.26 38.84 36.05 2004-05 265.91 56.99 322.89 33.82 29.93 Average 236.30 50.52 286.82 35.70 33.22
14.4.2 Capital Account Capital Income : Capital income is basically the plan funding received from various agencies for carrying out work under the various heads. A major portion of the receipts received under this head is allocated for Roads & Bridges. MLA Constituency Fund gets the second largest share. The figure for the five-year period is as given below:
Capital Expenditure Capital Receipts 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Table 14.13: Plan funding for 5 Years (in Rs. Crore)

Items Roads & Bridges Water Supply & Sanitation Housing Urban development Education Welfare of SC/ST/OBC Medical Public Health Agriculture & Allied Services Power Economic Services Nutrition Labour & Labour Welfare Social Welfare Sports & Youth Services MLA Constituency Fund TOTAL 2000-01 1.68 1.50 2.01 1.73 0.15 0.31 0.00 0.27 0.05 0.53 0.04 2.94 11.21 2001-02 3.00 0.50 1.68 1.58 0.50 0.00 0.30 0.01 4.14 11.71 2002-03 1.75 0.63 1.50 1.08 0.50 0.13 0.25 4.35 10.18 2003-04 7.42 1.25 0.32 0.63 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.01 4.35 15.08 2004-05 5.75 0.63 0.60 0.50 1.00 0.21 0.75 4.30 13.74
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Capital Expenditure The trend for capital expenditure has been varying over the five-year period. It saw a sharp fall in the year 2002-03. The major heads of capital expenditure include Roads & Bridges, Water Supply & Sanitation, and Social Welfare etc. The break up for major heads has been presented in a table below. Table 14.14: Plan expenditure for 5 Years (In Rs. Crore)
Items Roads & Bridges Water Supply & Sanitation Housing Urban development Education Welfare of SC/ST/OBC Medical Public Health Agriculture & Allied Services Power Economic Services Nutrition Labour & Labour Welfare Social Welfare Sports & Youth Services MLA Constituency Fund TOTAL 2000-01 3.40 1.93 1.19 2.52 0.10 0.40 0.08 0.32 2.89 0.25 0.02 0.47 0.06 1.35 14.99 2001-02 4.46 1.66 0.70 1.68 0.10 0.21 0.07 0.02 6.70 0.00 0.39 0.01 0.50 3.12 19.61 2002-03 2.48 0.68 0.20 0.87 0.08 0.23 0.14 0.21 0.01 0.22 0.02 4.64 9.80 2003-04 6.30 0.82 0.41 1.32 0.19 0.45 0.39 0.12 0.22 0.09 0.15 5.33 15.80 2004-05 5.75 0.77 0.68 0.58 1.47 0.29 0.42 (0.00) 1.68 11.64
14.4.3 Key Issues and Conclusions Table 14.15: Key Indicators

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Operating Ratio 1.00 0.96 0.88 Share of assigned revenue 0.45 0.56 0.71 (%) Share of grants (%) 2.58 3.05 2.70 Share of internal sources 96.97 96.39 96.59 (%) Share of Establishment 34.24 35.64 35.98 Expenditure to Revenue Expenditure (%) Share of Establishment 34.13 34.38 31.59 Expenditure to Revenue Income (%) 2003-04 0.93 0.74 3.38 95.88 38.84 36.05 2004-05 0.88 1.05 4.15 94.80 33.82 29.93
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The following issues emerge from the above analysis carried out on the finances of NDMC. Revenue Account Status The revenue account of NDMC from the year 2002-03 has shown a healthy surplus. The operating ratio over the period of analysis has hovered around unity indicating that revenue income is being wholly utilized to meet expenditure. Revenue Income NDMC is generating about 96% of income through its own sources which clearly indicates that it is able to self sustain and the reliance on the grants is minimal. The surplus in the account implies that the funds are available to meet the deficiency in the Capital account as and when it arises Revenue Expenditure It is observed that about 30-35% of the total revenue income is being spent on the salaries and other related costs which is well below the average when compared to other local bodies. 14.5 OVERVIEW OF DJB FINANCES This section briefly covers the financial status of the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). DJB is committed for augmentation of water supply in Delhi and has taken several steps in this direction. The main sources of revenue for DJB are water charges, gas charges, scavenging tax, and development charges. On carrying out the analysis from the limited data made available, it can be seen that DJB finances are not in good condition, since, in five years under review, there was a deficient balance on revenue account on year to year basis without considering previous year balances. On the other hand the capital account has consistently shown a surplus thereby implying that capital income is being utilized to fund revenue expenditure. 14.5.1 Revenue Account Table 14.16: Revenue Account status of DJB (in Rs. Crore)
Items A. Revenue Account Income Expenditure (inclusive of Loan & Interest repayment) Surplus/(Deficit) 286.18 700.77 (414.59) 403.84 891.64 (487.80) 841.45 1071.28 (229.83) 542.87 530.20 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1025.26 1344.05 (482.39) (813.85)
Source: Information supplied by DJB, 2006
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900 800 700 In Rs. crore 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Revenue receipt Revenue Expenditure
Revenue Income Revenue Income is primarily categorized into two sources internal sources and non-plan assistance. The variations in the level of income are on account of the high degree of fluctuation in the quantum of NonPlan assistance. The income generated from internal sources has more or less stayed stable and has increased at annual average growth rate of 7.65 percent. Table 14.17: Source wise break-up of Revenue income
Item Internal Sources Non plan assistance Total 2000-01 211.18 75.00 286.18 2001-02 213.84 190.00 403.84 2002-03 230.82 610.63 841.45 2003-04 241.87 301.00 542.87 2004-05 280.20 250.00 530.20 Average 235.58 285.33 520.91
As depicted in the figure below, around 45 percent of revenue income comes from internal sources and 55 percent comes from non-plan assistance.
Source wise Revenue break-up
Internal Sources 45%
Internal Sources Non plan assistance
Non plan assistance 55%
Revenue Expenditure The revenue expenditure has increased at an annual average growth rate of 18.5 percent. A major part of revenue expenditure is attributable to debt repayment. Since revenue account has deficient balance it can be implied that
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not just the operational costs but also the repayments of Principal amount of loans is being funded through the Capital account. The operational expenses have increased at an average annual growth rate of 25.5 percent. Table 14.18: Revenue Expenditure
Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Total expense 700.77 891.64 1071.28 1025.26 1344.05 Expenditure Repayment of loan and interest 357.15 410.97 499.14 509.88 555.52 Net Operational expenses 343.62 480.67 572.14 515.38 788.53
14.5.2 Capital Account Capital Income : The capital income comprises of grants & loans received from Government of NCT of Delhi. It is paid to DJB on submission of request to Delhi Government. The grants are primarily utilized for providing water supply to weaker sections supply of water through tankers to unauthorized colonies. The receipts on capital account are mainly under heads: Water & Sewerage. Loans account for 93 percent of the total capital receipts and the balance is received in the form of Grants. Table 14.19: Source-wise Breakup of Capital Receipts
Item Grants Loans Total 2000-01 64.1 381.43 445.53 2001-02 60.02 439.45 499.47 2002-03 58.15 570.45 628.60 2003-04 7.50 601.23 608.73 2004-05 7.80 686.96 694.76

Source Wise Break-up of Capital Receipts
Grants 7%
Grants Loans
Loans 93%
Capital Expenditure : Capital expenditure is directed towards development of fixed assets under the broad classification of Water & Sewerage. The analysis of last five years shows that capital expenditure varies between Rs. 375.75 crores to Rs. 674.89 crores.
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Table 14.20: Capital income and expenditure of DJB (in Rs. Crore)
Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Water 259.3 317.3 454.49 446.55 492.74 Receipt Sewerage 186.23 182.17 174.11 162.18 202.02 Total 445.53 499.47 628.6 608.73 694.76 Water 239.56 393.56 456.64 453.43 473.49 Expenditure Sewerage 136.19 176.85 137.8 140.19 201.4 Total 375.75 570.41 594.44 593.62 674.89
14.5.3 Key Issues & Conclusions The revenue and capital balances indicate that DJB is not quite able to meet its recurrent expenditure out of its own sources. As explained above the capital receipts generate maximum revenues. The operating ratio has been more than unity indicating a trend of going beyond means. The authority has been servicing its debts by utilizing capital receipts thus implying that instead of asset creation the capital receipts are being diverted towards meeting recurring expenses.
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Annexure 14-1- Municipal Corporation of Delhi- Detailed Finances

Actuals Head of Account Part I: Non Plan Income and Expenditure OPENING BALANCE Revenue Receipts A A1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Internal Revenues Municipal Taxes and Rates General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas Taxes on Vehicles and Animals Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Tax on Building Permission Toll tax Duty on Transfer of Property Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity Sub Total- A1 Rents and Fees Fines and Process Fee Education Fee Fines for Cattle Pounds Fees from Hospitals Fees from Vehicles Licenses Tehbazari fee etc Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings Special Registration for Trades Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning Sub Total- A2 A3 1 2 3 Others Development Charges Road Restoration Charges Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 13.69 38.46 0.00 15.02 42.19 0.00 13.93 64.45 3.14 3.78 41.72 24.76 6.03 17.11 62.61 5.99 5.57 9.81 3.16 0.23 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 3.83 3.39 3.12 3.75 18.47 3.47 0.47 0.00 1.09 0.00 0.00 4.20 3.72 4.78 3.90 21.62 3.29 0.51 0.00 1.27 0.00 0.00 4.10 4.01 3.21 4.19 20.57 3.65 0.25 0.18 1.13 0.74 3.94 8.00 4.28 4.23 1.31 27.71 6.70 0.24 0.19 1.16 1.25 3.79 8.27 3.99 4.89 1.27 31.74 8.89 0.26 0.13 1.22 0.27 28.23 11.40 3.80 5.03 1.28 60.53 558.94 0.40 0.66 6.92 0.47 46.26 64.28 54.63 732.57 613.11 0.43 0.73 7.59 0.51 50.74 70.51 59.93 803.56 687.00 0.49 0.82 8.51 0.57 56.85 79.01 67.15 900.41 704.15 0.63 0.09 10.38 0.39 53.98 112.98 75.92 958.52 768.94 0.87 0.13 11.59 2.88 68.03 143.37 84.44 1,080.25 645.88 1.10 0.09 17.51 1.10 78.06 167.94 162.46 1,074.13 0.20 139.61 145.96 128.04 204.45 115.62 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 Rs. Crores 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
10 Miscellaneous

Actuals Head of Account 4 Others Sub Total- A3 Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) B 1 2 3 External Revenues Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant Ways and Means Advance Sub Total- B Grand Total Receipts Revenue Expenditure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses 38.22 371.97 1.21 39.01 125.37 260.24 73.41 121.33 3.21 2.05 58.16 3.12 239.70 21.94 0.00 -0.09 48.00 338.94 0.66 37.42 124.45 263.40 11.13 107.65 3.28 2.38 61.87 4.38 337.55 24.11 7.57 0.04 53.20 333.25 0.66 37.74 127.52 275.98 8.83 154.71 2.66 2.19 65.07 3.85 478.97 22.25 3.78 0.01 53.12 369.41 0.66 39.22 147.10 298.98 11.40 132.04 4.91 2.17 63.90 2.73 443.08 21.80 33.55 1,624.07 35.43 56.14 390.83 0.97 40.92 166.18 334.82 11.22 152.27 4.46 2.14 69.82 2.07 396.65 26.81 22.43 1,677.73 -25.62 65.75 455.88 1.31 48.38 190.28 378.60 11.60 192.61 3.32 2.35 82.69 6.10 405.41 30.86 75.32 1,950.47 308.01 190.04 103.29 180.00 473.33 227.55 93.95 80.00 401.50 247.94 101.51 60.00 409.45 296.80 117.17 60.00 473.97 1,659.50 295.29 119.73 0.00 415.02 1,652.11 347.01 358.42 310.00 1,015.42 2,258.48 1999-00 82.34 134.49 885.53 2000-01 88.96 146.16 2001-02 Rs. Crores 158.70 240.23 129.04 199.30 1,185.53 39.36 125.10 1,237.09 87.02 108.39 1,243.05 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
971.35 1,161.21
1,358.86 1,372.85 1,570.66
10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 11 Gardens and Open Spaces 12 Development Charges 13 Miscellaneous 14 Building Lan Acquisition and Management 15 Reserves for unforeseen Grand Total Expenditure REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) Part II: Plan Schemes and Resettlement Colonies Receipts A Grants
1,358.94 1,372.80 1,570.65

Actuals Head of Account 1 2 3 4 6 Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Roads- Urban Roads-Rural Slaughter House 1999-00 0.00 2000-01 89.57 19.52 76.00 17.90 0.38 12.00 90.00 0.00 6.11 5.50 63.47 0.00 0.25 26.76 102.60 4.94 0.00 515.00 2001-02 Rs. Crores 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 549.45 117.35 38.20 85.50 20.00 0.19 12.00 92.00 0.00 10.00 6.50 48.50 0.00 2.00 40.00 136.94 20.00 629.18 85.48 36.00 93.46 12.28 0.51 14.27 97.61 0.00 9.94 7.63 22.69 17.14 0.93 40.00 136.42 26.08 600.46 144.74 19.52 100.00 19.85 0.13 0.00 91.51 0.00 7.72 7.83 25.62 9.20 0.51 48.79 121.18 54.89 651.46 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
10 Development of Urban Villages 11 Conservancies Schemes 12 Veternity Hospitals 13 Environmental Improvement 14 Community Infrastructure 15 Resettlement Colonies 16 Provision of Sanitation Services 17 Computerization 18 Trans- Yamuna 19 MLA and MP LAD Schemes 20 Others Total- Grants

Actuals Head of Account B 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loans Housing Infrastructure Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies Others Development of Rural Villages Development of Urban Villages Total- Loans Total Plan Income Expenditure Revenue Miscellaneous Schemes Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Medical Capital Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Roads Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies Environmental Improvement MLA and MP LAD Schemes Trans- Yamuna Others Total Expenditure CAPITALACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR CLOSING BALANCE Summary of Municipal Accounts 0.00 0.00 -0.09 0.12 63.10 5.66 97.32 150.25 3.53 81.44 23.84 14.49 596.29 -18.35 -18.31 121.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 612.62 6.73 6.74 152.70 61.29 12.61 114.18 177.24 9.95 112.29 30.79 11.96 693.26 40.98 76.41 204.45 52.22 10.57 104.37 177.40 16.75 179.94 48.85 19.00 776.42 -63.21 -88.83 115.62 88.98 7.09 124.91 198.29 15.77 58.55 44.09 20.86 727.11 76.19 384.20 499.82 0.24 56.21 92.71 7.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 38.13 112.48 11.36 1.92 48.97 107.81 8.62 0.61 52.97 102.72 12.25 0.00 0.00 62.94 577.94 0.00 0.00 44.77 0.13 18.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.90 619.35 105.06 734.24 2.00 0.00 103.00 0.06 0.00 2.00 0.00 75.59 2.52 32.65 0.00 112.75 713.21 0.00 0.00 83.59 4.29 44.70 19.25 151.84 803.29 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 Rs. Crores 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Actuals Head of Account Opening Balance Receipts 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Income Expenditure 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Expenditure Municipal Account Status Closing Balance Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp. 4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc. 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.94 1.02 1.09 0.86 0.91 0.12 121.31 152.70 204.45 115.62 499.82 1,358.94 1,372.80 1,570.65 0.00 0.00 596.29 0.00 612.62 0.00 1,624.07 693.26 0.00 2,317.33 1,677.73 776.42 0.00 2,454.15 1,950.47 727.11 0.00 2,677.57 1,358.86 1,372.85 1,570.66 0.00 0.00 577.94 0.00 619.35 0.00 1,659.50 734.24 0.00 2,393.74 1,652.11 713.21 0.00 2,365.32 2,258.48 803.29 0.00 3,061.77 1999-00 0.20 2000-01 139.61 2001-02 Rs. Crores 145.96 128.04 204.45 115.62 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1,358.86 1,950.79 2,190.00
1,358.94 1,969.10 2,183.27
Annexure 14-1- Municipal Corporation of Delh

Sectoral Contribution Head of Account Part I: Non Plan Income and Expenditure OPENING BALANCE Revenue Receipts A A1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Internal Revenues Municipal Taxes and Rates General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas Taxes on Vehicles and Animals Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Tax on Building Permission Toll tax Duty on Transfer of Property Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity Sub Total- A1 Rents and Fees Fines and Process Fee Education Fee Fines for Cattle Pounds Fees from Hospitals Fees from Vehicles Licenses Tehbazari fee etc Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings Special Registration for Trades Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning Sub Total- A2 A3 1 2 3 Others Development Charges Road Restoration Charges Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 1.01 2.83 0.00 1.09 3.07 0.00 0.89 4.10 0.20 0.23 2.51 1.49 0.36 1.04 3.79 0.27 0.25 0.43 0.57 2.19 1.18 0.23 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.28 1.36 0.25 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.27 0.35 0.28 1.57 0.21 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.20 0.27 1.31 0.22 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.24 0.48 0.26 0.25 0.08 1.67 0.41 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.23 0.50 0.24 0.30 0.08 1.92 0.39 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 1.25 0.50 0.17 0.22 0.06 2.68 0.30 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.34 0.41 0.24 0.27 0.15 1.83 41.13 0.03 0.05 0.51 0.03 3.40 4.73 4.02 53.91 44.66 0.03 0.05 0.55 0.04 3.70 5.14 4.37 58.53 43.74 0.03 0.05 0.54 0.04 3.62 5.03 4.28 57.33 42.43 0.04 0.01 0.63 0.02 3.25 6.81 4.58 57.76 46.54 0.05 0.01 0.70 0.17 4.12 8.68 5.11 65.39 28.60 0.05 0.00 0.78 0.05 3.46 7.44 7.19 47.56 41.19 0.04 0.02 0.64 0.06 3.63 6.62 5.10 57.31 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage
10 Miscellaneous

Sectoral Contribution Head of Account 4 Others Sub Total- A3 Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) B 1 2 3 External Revenues Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant Ways and Means Advance Sub Total- B Grand Total Receipts Revenue Expenditure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses 2.81 27.37 0.09 2.87 9.23 19.15 5.40 8.93 0.24 0.15 4.28 0.23 17.64 1.61 0.00 100.00 3.50 24.69 0.05 2.73 9.07 19.19 0.81 7.84 0.24 0.17 4.51 0.32 24.59 1.76 0.55 100.00 3.39 21.22 0.04 2.40 8.12 17.57 0.56 9.85 0.17 0.14 4.14 0.24 30.50 1.42 0.24 100.00 3.27 22.75 0.04 2.41 9.06 18.41 0.70 8.13 0.30 0.13 3.93 0.17 27.28 1.34 2.07 100.00 3.35 23.30 0.06 2.44 9.91 19.96 0.67 9.08 0.27 0.13 4.16 0.12 23.64 1.60 1.34 100.00 3.37 23.37 0.07 2.48 9.76 19.41 0.59 9.88 0.17 0.12 4.24 0.31 20.79 1.58 3.86 100.00 3.37 23.06 0.05 2.49 9.18 18.91 0.67 8.95 0.23 0.14 4.20 0.23 25.36 1.54 1.61 100.00 13.99 7.60 13.25 34.83 100.00 16.57 6.84 5.83 29.25 100.00 15.79 6.46 3.82 26.07 100.00 17.88 7.06 3.62 28.56 100.00 17.87 7.25 0.00 25.12 100.00 15.36 15.87 13.73 44.96 100.00 16.70 8.70 5.40 30.79 100.00 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 6.06 9.90 65.17 6.48 10.65 70.75 10.10 15.30 73.93 7.78 12.01 71.44 2003-04 2.38 7.57 74.88 2004-05 3.85 4.80 55.04 Average 6.12 10.06 69.21 Percentage

Sectoral Contribution Head of Account 1 2 3 4 6 Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Roads- Urban Roads-Rural Slaughter House 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 15.50 3.38 13.15 3.10 0.06 2.08 15.57 0.00 1.06 0.95 10.98 0.00 0.04 4.63 17.75 0.85 89.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.71 15.98 5.20 11.64 2.72 0.03 1.63 12.53 0.00 1.36 0.89 6.61 0.00 0.27 5.45 18.65 2.72 85.69 2003-04 11.99 5.05 13.10 1.72 0.07 2.00 13.69 0.00 1.39 1.07 3.18 2.40 0.13 5.61 19.13 3.66 84.19 2004-05 18.02 2.43 12.45 2.47 0.02 0.00 11.39 0.00 0.96 0.97 3.19 1.15 0.06 6.07 15.09 6.83 81.10 Average 12.30 3.21 10.07 2.00 0.04 1.14 10.64 0.00 0.95 0.78 4.79 0.71 0.10 4.35 14.12 2.81 85.76 Percentage

Sectoral Contribution Head of Account B 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loans Housing Infrastructure Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies Others Development of Rural Villages Development of Urban Villages Total- Loans Total Plan Income Expenditure Revenue Miscellaneous Schemes Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Medical Capital Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Roads Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies Environmental Improvement MLA and MP LAD Schemes Trans- Yamuna Others Total Expenditure CAPITALACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR CLOSING BALANCE Summary of Municipal Accounts 10.58 0.95 16.32 25.20 0.59 13.66 4.00 2.43 100.00 0.04 9.43 15.55 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.14 5.50 16.23 1.64 0.00 8.84 1.82 16.47 25.57 1.43 16.20 4.44 1.73 100.00 0.25 6.31 13.89 1.11 0.00 6.73 1.36 13.44 22.85 2.16 23.18 6.29 2.45 100.00 0.08 7.29 14.13 1.68 0.00 12.24 0.98 17.18 27.27 2.17 8.05 6.06 2.87 100.00 7.68 1.02 12.68 20.18 1.27 12.22 4.16 1.89 100.00 0.10 5.70 11.96 1.14 10.89 100.00 11.29 100.00 14.31 100.00 15.81 100.00 18.90 100.00 14.24 100.00 0.00 0.00 7.75 0.02 3.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 14.03 0.01 0.00 0.28 0.00 10.60 0.35 4.58 0.00 0.00 10.41 0.53 5.57 0.11 0.00 8.56 0.18 2.65 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage

Sectoral Contribution Head of Account Opening Balance Receipts 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Income Expenditure 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Expenditure Municipal Account Status Closing Balance Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp. 4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc. 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage
10

Growth over Previous Year Head of Account Part I: Non Plan Income and Expenditure OPENING BALANCE Revenue Receipts A A1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Internal Revenues Municipal Taxes and Rates General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas Taxes on Vehicles and Animals Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Tax on Building Permission Toll tax Duty on Transfer of Property Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity Sub Total- A1 Rents and Fees Fines and Process Fee Education Fee Fines for Cattle Pounds Fees from Hospitals Fees from Vehicles Licenses Tehbazari fee etc Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings Special Registration for Trades Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning Sub Total- A2 A3 1 2 3 Others Development Charges Road Restoration Charges Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes ---9.69 9.69 -7.22 52.78 -72.86 -35.28 688.02 59.30 -58.98 152.88 -0.60 -67.45 -84.33 -2.34 -19.85 252.19 -20.53 -39.72 NA ---------------------9.69 9.69 53.27 3.86 17.05 -2.50 7.86 -32.87 7.36 -4.85 95.26 6.81 31.84 -68.68 34.72 9.69 16.93 -11.32 9.69 106.93 -5.05 8.42 10.74 -50.00 83.86 -5.58 1.75 3.00 67.52 -3.81 3.38 -6.85 15.63 -3.39 14.52 32.71 10.99 -27.40 4.89 -78.08 645.52 37.87 -4.72 2.81 1.11 90.72 26.39 14.15 -12.82 4.64 -5.28 320.86 28.74 2.56 14.14 -11.95 30.43 26.56 -13.18 NA 2.88 NA NA 28.35 0.56 1.28 -24.30 29.35 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.69 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 2.50 29.48 -89.50 21.97 -32.15 -5.06 43.00 13.07 6.45 9.20 38.61 49.59 11.66 638.15 26.04 26.90 11.22 12.70 -16.00 26.41 -28.63 51.04 -61.76 14.75 17.13 92.39 -0.57 3.49 23.25 -9.36 21.28 113.20 11.49 21.75 27.68 8.07 1.31 26.27 -40.47 23.21 21.03 11.37 24.23 28.32 7.52 3.49 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage CAGR
10 Miscellaneous
11

Growth over Previous Year Head of Account 4 Others Sub Total- A3 Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) B 1 2 3 External Revenues Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant Ways and Means Advance Sub Total- B Grand Total Receipts Revenue Expenditure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses ----------------1.02 25.58 -8.88 -45.75 -4.07 -0.73 1.21 -84.84 -11.27 1.97 16.17 6.39 40.30 40.82 9.88 10.83 -1.68 -0.02 0.85 2.46 4.77 -20.66 43.71 -18.72 -7.94 5.16 -12.19 41.90 -7.71 -50.07 14.41 -0.15 10.85 0.64 3.92 15.36 8.34 29.09 -14.65 84.49 -1.02 -1.79 -29.04 -7.49 -2.05 787.47 3.40 5.68 5.80 47.43 4.33 12.97 11.99 -1.62 15.32 -9.27 -1.10 9.27 -24.24 -10.48 23.00 -33.14 3.30 17.11 16.64 35.07 18.25 14.50 13.08 3.46 26.50 -25.45 9.52 18.43 194.77 2.21 15.12 235.77 16.26 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 -14.91 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 33.92 13.39 7.65 235.01 7.68 8.18 7.69 18.98 6.63 11.20 9.49 1.04 15.65 0.35 -0.33 7.52 8.61 4.69 6.37 77.60 9.18 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage ---------19.74 -9.04 -55.56 -15.18 1.03 8.96 8.04 -25.00 1.98 14.41 19.71 15.43 0.00 15.76 5.66 -0.51 2.18 -100.00 -12.44 -0.45 144.67 36.70 17.51 199.36 13.08 43.19 -45.14 26.96 11.47 11.13 39.76 40.30 26.11 13.25 8.04 8.68 9.69 78.40 64.36 19.55 -18.69 -17.04 2.09 -69.50 -37.23 4.35 121.11 -13.36 0.48 23.87 1.08 7.23 -0.55 -7.20 6.36 CAGR
12

Growth over Previous Year Head of Account 1 2 3 4 6 Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Roads- Urban Roads-Rural Slaughter House 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage ------------------100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 6.69 -53.43 0.00 -0.38 30.40 -4.56 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -0.57 17.41 -53.22 -22.37 2.54 12.92 -46.34 -45.64 21.97 -11.17 110.45 8.49 -40.98 -26.68 -46.77 -46.34 -66.36 -26.01 -37.18 13.62 3.54 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -27.16 -5.75 9.31 -38.59 176.13 18.95 6.09 69.32 -45.79 6.99 61.62 -75.61 -100.00 -6.25 -19.28 -50.51 -27.90 -25.66 0.17 -33.38 12.75 -0.01 7.10 2.61 -24.02 0.42 NA 6.00 9.22 -20.29 NA 19.29 16.20 4.25 82.57 6.05 CAGR
-60.35 -100.00
13

Growth over Previous Year Head of Account B 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loans Housing Infrastructure Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies Others Development of Rural Villages Development of Urban Villages Total- Loans Total Plan Income Expenditure Revenue Miscellaneous Schemes Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Medical Capital Education Related Items Public Health and Medical Roads Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies Environmental Improvement MLA and MP LAD Schemes Trans- Yamuna Others Total Expenditure CAPITALACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR CLOSING BALANCE Summary of Municipal Accounts ----------100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 2.74 -14.79 -16.15 -8.59 0.09 68.37 60.25 58.63 58.89 12.00 70.40 -32.93 19.68 11.78 -5.81 -67.46 -9.74 9.79 -6.35 -14.80 -49.69 -29.64 -29.38 -12.48 -35.74 -17.04 -10.44 2.79 8.98 5.80 6.44 7.18 45.36 -7.92 16.62 9.55 5.08 -----100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 96.08 28.42 -4.15 -24.18 -68.26 8.17 -4.72 42.12 -24.06 -21.14 -36.29 -27.35 25.91 -1.47 2.60 13.00 --------11.06 7.16 7.32 -2.86 34.67 12.63 17.68 5.64 24.63 8.58 -100.00 -100.00 -100.00 -26.62 3931.84 10.60 70.13 36.93 -38.67 -31.53 0.00 -100.00 -50.00 NA NA 16.89 25.46 1300.66 142.00 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage CAGR
14

Growth over Previous Year Head of Account Opening Balance Receipts 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Income Expenditure 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Expenditure Municipal Account Status Closing Balance Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp. 4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc. 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage CAGR
15
Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Corporation- Detailed Finances

Actuals HEADS OF ACCOUNT PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE Receipts Opening Balance A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE Taxes: House tax Govt property Private property Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Duty on Transfer of Property Other Taxes Building related receipts Fees & Fines: Fines Composition Fee Sewer Connection fee Compounding Fee Inspection Fee Others Sub-Total (A) B. OTHERS Interest Administrative Dept. Social Services Electricity 30.28 6.83 4.24 470.32 24.55 0.41 3.43 483.71 32.53 5.32 3.31 534.14 27.43 0.46 3.43 534.70 178.94 1.28 4.17 537.34 0.14 1.12 0.11 0.13 0.01 0.06 99.47 0.07 1.41 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.06 119.67 0.26 5.04 0.14 0.21 0.00 0.40 145.89 0.21 1.58 0.17 0.12 0.61 0.06 139.54 0.16 1.59 0.01 0.13 0.25 0.07 165.24 7.17 82.29 0.01 0.03 7.10 0.00 1.32 9.24 101.02 0.01 0.05 6.10 0.02 1.18 15.76 117.05 0.00 0.04 5.58 0.02 1.40 16.14 111.74 0.01 0.08 7.95 0.02 0.84 17.28 130.32 0.01 0.10 13.28 0.03 2.02 30.89 59.37 123.61 95.48 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 In Rs. Crore 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals HEADS OF ACCOUNT Water Supply Other Municipal works Sub-Total (B) C. EXTERNAL REVENUE Advances to Employees External Asistance Assigned Taxes Sub-Total (C) TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C) Expenditure Collection of Taxes & Duties Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance TOTAL EXPENDITURE Closing Balance 0.92 42.85 110.58 38.88 51.05 0.38 17.86 0.88 0.62 0.43 2.98 268.66 54.40 4.25 55.36 1.44 40.23 691.79 30.89 0.95 7.11 125.15 37.74 51.69 0.40 22.04 0.87 0.80 0.31 0.00 326.44 45.05 8.41 52.18 1.43 12.25 692.83 59.37 1.20 5.44 167.92 39.38 51.08 0.46 18.75 0.68 0.73 0.35 0.00 330.80 37.96 10.35 58.09 1.04 10.46 734.66 123.61 1.27 4.83 139.38 43.53 63.60 0.40 19.20 0.57 0.64 0.39 0.00 344.49 46.87 11.32 61.59 0.94 7.34 746.38 95.48 1.33 1.89 228.33 45.72 73.51 0.35 20.57 0.55 0.86 0.08 1.00 367.27 61.13 9.44 87.16 0.62 33.83 933.65 123.93 1.56 12.39 3.36 17.32 722.68 1.46 15.53 4.28 21.27 752.20 1.29 17.10 6.28 24.67 858.27 1.38 15.60 6.39 23.36 841.86 1.06 34.05 11.29 46.40 1057.57 2000-01 0.00 94.23 605.89 2001-02 2.02 97.14 611.26 2002-03 In Rs. Crore 0.00 112.40 687.71 15.02 97.92 678.96 14.46 109.75 845.93 2003-04 2004-05
Actuals HEADS OF ACCOUNT 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 In Rs. Crore PART II : CAPITAL INCOME & EXPENDITURE Receipts External Assistance Deposit Works TOTAL Expenditure Administrative Dept. Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other Social Sevices Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Deposit Works TOTAL 0.01 1.27 4.44 0.02 4.19 3.96 1.21 7.98 16.76 15.60 55.44 0.10 1.27 5.23 0.00 3.86 8.42 2.15 6.64 11.02 12.16 50.84 0.10 1.16 5.13 0.08 3.86 4.66 1.60 6.09 10.33 8.03 41.04 0.03 1.24 3.40 0.00 3.27 9.99 0.98 14.52 15.56 6.11 55.10 0.03 0.76 3.34 0.00 1.95 3.22 0.40 9.61 7.80 5.74 32.84 6.98 19.86 26.83 8.02 10.66 18.68 6.72 18.41 25.13 13.57 7.92 21.49 10.74 10.66 21.40 2003-04 2004-05
Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Cor

Sectoral Contribution HEADS OF ACCOUNT PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE Receipts Opening Balance A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE Taxes: House tax Govt property Private property Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Duty on Transfer of Property Other Taxes Building related receipts Fees & Fines: Fines Composition Fee Sewer Connection fee Compounding Fee Inspection Fee Others Sub-Total (A) B. OTHERS Interest Administrative Dept. Social Services Electricity 4.19 0.94 0.59 65.08 3.26 0.05 0.46 64.31 3.79 0.62 0.39 62.23 3.26 0.06 0.41 63.51 16.92 0.12 0.39 50.81 6.28 0.36 0.45 61.19 0.02 0.15 0.02 0.02 0.0015 0.01 0.01 0.19 0.02 0.03 0.0224 0.01 0.03 0.59 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.19 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.99 11.39 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.18 1.23 13.43 0.00 0.01 0.81 0.00 0.16 1.84 13.64 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.16 1.92 13.27 0.00 0.01 0.94 0.00 0.10 1.63 12.32 0.00 0.01 1.26 0.00 0.19 1.52 12.81 0.00 0.01 0.93 0.00 0.16 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Sectoral Contribution HEADS OF ACCOUNT Water Supply Other Municipal works Sub-Total (B) C. EXTERNAL REVENUE Advances to Employees External Asistance Assigned Taxes Sub-Total (C) TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C) Expenditure Collection of Taxes & Duties Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance TOTAL EXPENDITURE Closing Balance 0.13 6.19 15.99 5.62 7.38 0.05 2.58 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.43 38.84 7.86 0.61 8.00 0.21 5.82 100.00 0.14 1.03 18.06 5.45 7.46 0.06 3.18 0.13 0.12 0.05 0.00 47.12 6.50 1.21 7.53 0.21 1.77 100.00 0.16 0.74 22.86 5.36 6.95 0.06 2.55 0.09 0.10 0.05 0.00 45.03 5.17 1.41 7.91 0.14 1.42 100.00 0.17 0.65 18.67 5.83 8.52 0.05 2.57 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.00 46.16 6.28 1.52 8.25 0.13 0.98 100.00 0.14 0.20 24.46 4.90 7.87 0.04 2.20 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.11 39.34 6.55 1.01 9.34 0.07 3.62 100.00 0.15 1.76 20.01 5.43 7.64 0.05 2.62 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.11 43.29 6.47 1.15 8.21 0.15 2.72 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.22 1.71 0.47 0.19 2.06 0.57 0.15 1.99 0.73 0.16 1.85 0.76 0.10 3.22 1.07 0.17 2.17 0.72 2000-01 0.00 13.04 2001-02 0.27 12.91 2002-03 0.00 13.10 2003-04 1.78 11.63 2004-05 1.37 10.38 Average 0.68 12.21
Sectoral Contribution HEADS OF ACCOUNT 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
PART II : CAPITAL INCOME & EXPENDITURE Receipts External Assistance Deposit Works TOTAL Expenditure Administrative Dept. Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other Social Sevices Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Deposit Works TOTAL 0.01 2.29 8.01 0.03 7.56 7.13 2.18 14.40 30.24 28.15 100.00 0.20 2.49 10.28 0.00 7.59 16.57 4.22 13.06 21.67 23.92 100.00 0.25 2.82 12.50 0.19 9.42 11.36 3.90 14.83 25.17 19.57 100.00 0.06 2.24 6.18 0.00 5.93 18.14 1.78 26.34 28.24 11.08 100.00 0.09 2.32 10.18 0.00 5.92 9.80 1.23 29.26 23.74 17.46 100.00 0.12 2.43 9.43 0.04 7.28 12.60 2.66 19.58 25.81 20.04 100.00 25.99 74.01 100.00 42.92 57.08 100.00 26.73 73.27 100.00 63.16 36.84 100.00 50.18 49.82 100.00 41.80 58.20 100.00
Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Cor

Growth rate HEADS OF ACCOUNT PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE Receipts Opening Balance A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE Taxes: House tax Govt property Private property Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Duty on Transfer of Property Other Taxes Building related receipts Fees & Fines: Fines Composition Fee Sewer Connection fee Compounding Fee Inspection Fee Others Sub-Total (A) B. OTHERS Interest Administrative Dept. Social Services Electricity -22.11 -94.27 -22.15 -1.19 16.16 1045.58 -15.40 -3.22 -14.03 -91.13 5.64 2.06 419.23 119.32 -3.32 -20.00 99.81 244.87 -8.81 -5.59 -48.34 21.01 33.61 48.16 14.44 1.28 210.66 213.60 -22.23 -9.19 -100.00 498.93 -85.92 -15.81 -68.11 28.96 -40.64 -40.48 -19.58 -94.10 -17.02 -68.19 1.42 26.51 36.73 -13.44 -4.67 -51.25 103.93 23.84 17.94 -13.16 47.88 -17.46 247.51 -13.86 49.56 1.54 -66.44 -31.99 -19.75 8.26 3.95 4.40 -2.67 285.14 123.12 45.09 14.09 -38.54 -14.80 -7.16 -56.69 2.26 33.03 11.78 90.83 15.75 2.41 37.21 35.32 10.23 70.41 10.59 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Growth rate HEADS OF ACCOUNT Water Supply Other Municipal works Sub-Total (B) C. EXTERNAL REVENUE Advances to Employees External Asistance Assigned Taxes Sub-Total (C) TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C) Expenditure Collection of Taxes & Duties Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance TOTAL EXPENDITURE Closing Balance 2.76 -83.43 13.00 -3.09 1.09 5.78 23.22 -1.28 29.67 -27.25 -100.00 21.32 -17.31 97.91 -5.88 -1.21 -69.60 0.00 -4.43 -20.53 15.97 4.98 -31.44 -19.46 0.00 2.51 21.53 7.72 4.37 -10.87 -30.90 0.00 -14.77 4.26 -33.33 13.13 -47.11 268.28 0.00 18.91 -27.88 26.53 -1.60 -6.80 7.61 -19.79 -27.08 -14.64 7.05 4.19 -12.59 -18.29 8.82 22.55 -14.52 0.82 -17.21 -13.42 8.54 -16.09 -68.77 30.96 -16.05 -7.60 -29.43 -14.35 -22.83 7.99 -83.33 2.44 -48.17 13.05 -2.98 2.31 -7.64 -2.53 -17.10 2.40 -23.75 -100.00 1.16 -3.01 22.07 4.15 -22.66 37.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.10 20.36 22.44 -22.58 -3.50 28.59 8.54 -6.96 3.59 -38.42 73.73 40.68 -15.64 20.91 23.83 2000-01 2001-02 161851.75 -0.95 2002-03 -99.96 1.41 2003-04 1531171.58 -11.19 2004-05 -23.36 -10.78 Average 423225.00 -5.38
Growth rate HEADS OF ACCOUNT 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
PART II : CAPITAL INCOME & EXPENDITURE Receipts External Assistance Deposit Works TOTAL Expenditure Administrative Dept. Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other Social Sevices Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Deposit Works TOTAL 1981.94 8.78 28.35 -100.00 0.41 132.17 93.29 -9.34 -28.32 -15.00 0.00 24.10 -31.42 -7.51 13.60 16.13 -18.22 0.00 20.89 13.01 21.66 -74.83 -20.38 -50.59 -100.00 -37.03 59.65 -54.32 77.62 12.20 -43.35 0.00 -0.13 -45.99 -31.17 11.09 -15.92 57.56 0.00 45.07 3.36 64.69 493.27 1.19 16.03 -100.00 -3.16 28.60 0.07 23.24 -3.98 -4.75 0.00 65.12 -22.87 0.00 -37.73 28.37 0.00 136.31 -49.72 0.00 -20.56 35.24 0.00 35.79 -2.25 0.00
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- Detailed Finances

Actual Head of Account Opening Balance Revenue Account Revenue Receipts A Water Supply 1 Water charges a NDMC b MES Water charges (Transfer entry from 2 Plants and offices of DJB) 3 Misc. Income B Sewerage 1 Sewerage Charges (MCD) a NDMC b MES 2 Non-Plan Assistance 3 Misc. Income TOTAL REVENUE INCOME Revenue Expenditure 1 Establishment 2 Other adminstrative Expenses 3 Power 4 Repair & Maintenance 5 General Stores and Chemicals 6 Cost of Raw Water 7 Property Tax 8 Repayment of loan and Interest 10 Cess TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE Status- Surplus/Deficit Capital Account 1.11 16.85 10.20 2.99 190.00 1.83 404.41 161.57 222.41 26.85 14.99 5.69 45.62 410.97 3.54 891.64 -487.22 1.12 11.80 12.27 3.65 610.64 2.19 841.44 177.66 271.14 22.09 14.21 7.38 75.87 499.14 3.78 1071.28 -229.84 1025.26 -482.39 160.85 15.92 4.66 178.30 18.04 3.43 166.59 16.06 4.69 0.00 3.10 0.00 9.84 2.87 301.00 38.72 542.87 192.49 10.80 224.36 21.71 15.84 22.94 27.23 509.88 206.45 20.82 6.19 0.00 10.74 0.00 13.83 4.11 284.00 18.77 564.91 238.07 29.49 236.00 15.76 17.08 22.00 5.00 555.52 3.02 1121.94 -557.03 39.77 3.94 1.15 0.00 0.27 4.17 2.52 0.74 46.98 0.45 100.00 18.12 0.00 24.94 3.01 1.68 0.64 5.12 46.09 0.40 21.19 2.14 0.41 0.00 0.13 1.40 1.46 0.43 72.57 0.26 100.00 16.58 0.00 25.31 2.06 1.33 0.69 7.08 46.59 0.35 30.69 2.96 0.86 0.00 0.57 0.00 1.81 0.53 55.45 7.13 100.00 18.77 1.05 21.88 2.12 1.55 2.24 2.66 49.73 0.00 36.55 3.69 1.10 0.00 1.90 0.00 2.45 0.73 50.27 3.32 100.00 21.22 2.63 21.04 1.40 1.52 1.96 0.45 49.51 0.27 32.05 3.18 0.88 0.00 0.72 1.39 2.06 0.61 56.32 2.79 100.00 18.67 0.92 23.29 2.15 1.52 1.38 3.82 47.98 0.25 2001-02 -3088.42 2002-03 -3646.58 2003-04 -3842.26 2004-05 -4309.54 2001-02 Rs in Crore Sectoral Contribution 2002-03 2003-04 Percentage 2004-05 Average
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- Detailed Finances

Actual Head of Account Capital Receipts 1 Water Loan Grant 2 Sewerage Loan Grant Total Capital Receipts Capital Expenditure 1 Water 2 Sewerage Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/Deficit OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS Closing Balance 174.15 8.02 499.47 393.56 176.85 570.41 -70.94 -558.16 -3646.58 170.61 3.50 628.60 456.64 137.80 594.44 34.16 -195.68 -3842.26 162.18 0.00 608.73 453.43 140.19 593.62 15.11 -467.28 -4309.54 202.02 0.00 694.76 473.49 201.40 674.89 19.87 -537.16 -4846.70 34.87 1.61 100.00 69.00 31.00 100.00 27.14 0.56 100.00 76.82 23.18 100.00 26.64 0.00 100.00 76.38 23.62 100.00 29.08 0.00 100.00 70.16 29.84 100.00 29.43 0.54 100.00 73.09 26.91 100.00 265.30 52.00 399.84 54.65 439.05 7.50 484.94 7.80 53.12 10.41 63.61 8.69 72.13 1.23 69.80 1.12 64.66 5.36 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2001-02 Sectoral Contribution 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- D

Growth rate Head of Account Opening Balance Revenue Account Revenue Receipts A Water Supply 1 Water charges a NDMC b MES Water charges (Transfer entry from 2 Plants and offices of DJB) 3 Misc. Income B Sewerage 1 Sewerage Charges (MCD) a NDMC b MES 2 Non-Plan Assistance 3 Misc. Income TOTAL REVENUE INCOME Revenue Expenditure 1 Establishment 2 Other adminstrative Expenses 3 Power 4 Repair & Maintenance 5 General Stores and Chemicals 6 Cost of Raw Water 7 Property Tax 8 Repayment of loan and Interest 10 Cess TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE Status- Surplus/Deficit Capital Account ---------------21.91 -17.73 -5.21 29.80 66.32 21.46 6.81 -17.25 -1.74 11.49 210.69 -64.11 2.15 -100.00 9.96 8.35 23.68 172.95 5.19 -27.40 7.80 -4.10 -81.64 8.95 13.79% 172.95% 2.00% -16.28% 4.44% 56.97% -52.14% 10.57% -5.16% ----1.03 -29.97 20.29 22.07 221.39 19.44 176.69 -100.00 -19.80 -21.37 -50.71 1668.04 40.55 43.21 -5.65 -51.52 113.15% -100.00% 10.68% 11.19% 14.34% 117.13% 10.85 13.32 -26.39 -6.57 -10.99 36.73 23.93 29.64 31.98 8.68% 9.35% 9.93% 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Percentage 2004-05 CAGR
Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- D

Growth rate Head of Account Capital Receipts 1 Water Loan Grant 2 Sewerage Loan Grant Total Capital Receipts Capital Expenditure 1 Water 2 Sewerage Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/Deficit OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS Closing Balance ----11.34 -25.23 -0.57 1.87 -8.15 26.36 6.36% 4.43% -22.16 -65.32 -1.84 -100.00 9.14 5.07% -49.35% 19.75 -16.49 13.39 -85.83 -3.22 -8.88 22.27% -46.87% 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 CAGR
Chapter 15 : Community Consultation
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 15 Community Consultation
CHAPTER - 15 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

15.1 INTRODUCTION The participation process for the CDP Delhi has been conducted at two levels, distinguished by the range of the stakeholders involved and their level of participation. The first level of the process was consultative in nature. The stakeholders were involved through interviews and focus group discussions for assessment of the situation in terms of levels of urban services, and identification of needs for infrastructure improvement etc. The second level of consultation was a participatory workshop with stakeholders being involved in collaborative decision making. Various stakeholder groups were identified during the consultation program.
PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS: The beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected (positively or negatively) by it. They include local populations (resource persons, community, students) in the project/program area, in particular, poor and marginalized groups who have traditionally been excluded from participating in development efforts such as JJ cluster, relocation/resettlement colonies and slum dwellers, and organizations such as Residential welfare organizations, traders organizations, hoteliers and other associations. SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS: those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly affected by it. They include the borrowing government, line ministry and project staff, implementing agencies, local governments, civil society organizations, representatives of business and industry, and other development agencies. Councillors of MCD & NDMC, development agencies such as Delhi Development Authority (DDA) line departments such as DJB, PWD etc were amongst the stakeholders consulted. Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), as well as NGOs working on issues at a city level, were consulted through individual interactions, as well as during the workshops.
15.2
CITY STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE The Consultation process was formulated to target stakeholders at varied levels through primary consultations in the NCTD area, and workshops. Details of the agenda of the workshops, and stakeholders consulted have been given in Table 15.1 below, and in Annexures 15.1, 15.2 & 15.3
15.2.1 Primary Stakeholders A total of sixteen primary consultations have been carried out in different areas of the NCTD. The details of the consultation sessions held in NCTD area have been given in Table 15-1 and detailed outcome of the meetings have been presented in Section 15.3 below. Table 15.1: Details of Primary Stakeholder Consultations in NCTD Area
Consultation Type Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Stakeholder JJ Cluster in Shahdara JJ Cluster in Yamuna Pushta area Area Near Jhilmil industrial area adjacent to MCD zonal office East Delhi Near Gandhinagar on Pushta road East Delhi
15-1
Consultation Type Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Individual Interview Individual Interview Individual Interview
Stakeholder JJ Cluster in Narela Grain Mandi Committee, Narela Unauthorised Regularised Colony Saidulajaib President, Industrial Welfare Association President, Karol Bagh Trader Federation Owner, Mangla Steel & Sanitary House Hazard Centre-NGO Group, Sanjha Manch (representatives of slums and unauthorized colonies) SRUTI-Society for Rural, Urban and Tribal Initiative
Area Near Harischand Talab behind Govt Girls School-West Delhi New Grain Market, Narela Mandi West Delhi Near IGNOU, Anupam Enclave Part-II, Saidulajaib South Delhi Unauthorized Industrial Area, Mangolpuri West Delhi Karol Bagh Area, Karol Bagh NorthWest Delhi Alipur Road, Near New Anaj Mandi Gate, Narela West Delhi Near Munirka Village, Munirka - for NCTD Area
Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
Individual Interview
NCTD Area
15.2.2 Secondary Stakeholders

The secondary stakeholders included government representatives; as well as peoples representatives. Secondary stakeholders have been consulted both on technical and financial issues ; as well as their insights into development issues in the city, and peoples perceptions. Secondary stakeholder consultations have been in the form of workshops, interviews, meetings, presentations and site visits. Table 15-2 mentions the secondary stakeholders consulted. Table 15.2: Details of Secondary Stakeholder Consultations in NCTD Area
Chief Minister/Ministers Elected Representative Mayor of MCD Ward Councillors Chief Secretary Government Officials Commissioner and Secretaries Heads and Staff of Government and Para-statal Departments Dean of Studies, SPA, New Delhi Faculty, SPA, New Delhi Senior Faculty, Institute of Economic Growth Institutions Ex-Chief, CII Head, ICRIER Senior Faculty, IMI Ex-Commissioner, Slums AGM, National Housing Board
15-2
In addition to the above, Dept. of Urban Development, Delhi Government (as the coordinating agency for the preparation of the CDP) called for fortnightly meetings between the Ecosmart team and representatives of key agencies and departments of the government (MCD, DJB, NDMC, DDA, Slum & JJ, PWD, Transport, Urban Development, Planning refer table below) in order to seek inputs and feedback on the process and recommendations. The CDP evolved through these interactions; and, as a result, the participating agencies are well aware and committed to the proposals made in the document. Table 15.3: Agencies Present In Fortnightly Reviews S. Designation of Stakeholder No. 1. Chairperson Or Financial Advisor 2. Engineer In Chief 3. Additional Commissioner, Conservancy 4. Additional Commissioner, Slums 5. Engineer In Chief 6. CEO 7. CEO / Chief Engineer 8. Engineer In Chief 9. Commissioner planning / addl. Comm., plng., director plng. 10. Commissioner Transport 11. MD 12. 13. 14. Of The CDP Agency represented NDMC NDMC MCD MCD MCD DELHI CANTT. BOARD DJB PWD DDA
Dept. Of transport Delhi State Industrial And Infrastructure Develoment Corporation Principal Or Additional Secretary, Finance GNCTD Director Planning GNCTD Principal, Or Additional Secretary, Urban GNCTD Development
The Ecosmart team also met with Civil Society Organisations and NGOs working in the various areas of urban development. Several of these also participated in the stakeholder consultation workshops (refer Annexures 15.3 ) 15.3 SECTORWISE VIEWPOINT OF COMMUNITY The outcomes of the consultations are presented to enable an understanding of the current urban infrastructure situation of the city, the (adverse) impacts due to the present situation and various changes sought by the community. The tables regarding issues and suggestions emerging from the consultation have been prepared urban sector wise for clarity and ease.
Water supply
Zone wise inequitable distribution of water supply has forced consumers to depend on ground water by drilling tube wells, installing booster pumps to enhance water supply; increasing the storage capacity etc. The table below presents an area wise consumers viewpoint on service level and suggestions for water supply improvement.
15-3
Table 15.4: Summary of Consultation Findings for Water Supply in the NCTD Area
Community Community Shahdara Narela Mangolpuri Tikri kalan Savda Ghevra Saidula Malviya Nagar Karol Bagh Gazipur Khanpur NGO & CBOs Hazard Centers SRUTI Industrial Associations Institutions SPA, Delhi IEG, Delhi Issues raised by Stakeholders Present Level of Adverse Impacts Service Delivery Service Level Water brought Poor water from 100m for quality at the domestic tail end of the purpose from water network DJB water tanker Low water Pressure Water supplied from private Inequitable tanker @ INR water 300-500/1000 distribution liters Acute water shortage during Hours are spent in fetching dry season water from DJB Irregular water tankers supply in peripheral areas of the city Water meter not installed DJB performance unsatisfactory Water tankers & Public stand posts are the only source of water supply in urban villages and JJ clusters Suggestions Need water to be supplied from surface water Construction of more water reservoirs Need for replacing water supply line Laying new water supply line to provide coverage to unserviced area Laying water supply network in the relocation sites and jj clusters Extension of Sonia Vihar scheme in unserviced areas in South Delhi
15.3.1 Sewerage System Only 35 per cent of the city is covered by a sewerage system. Unauthorized colonies, urban villages, JJ clusters and peripheral areas are devoid of a sewerage network, and therefore dependent on septic tanks for waste disposal. The sewerage network laid in around 400 unauthorized/regularized colonies are either not working or the pipe diameters are undersized to carry the sewage generated in those areas. Most of the sewage is disposed directly into drains and streams causing very unhygienic conditions and contaminating the water sources. Table 15-4 summarizes the primary consultation findings for sewerage.
15-4
Table 15.5: Summary of Consultation Findings for Sewerage System in NCTD Area
Community Community Shahdara Narela Mangolpuri Tikri kalan Savda Ghevra Saidula Malviya Nagar Karol Bagh Gazipur Khanpur NGO & CBOs Hazard Centers SRUTI Industrial Association s Institutions SPA, Delhi IEG, Delhi Issues raised by Stakeholders Present Level of Service Adverse Impacts Delivery Service Level Soil and Conveyance system water insufficient contaminatio n Silting of conveyance network Population in JJ clusters No provision for defecates in emptying septic the open due tanks to lack of No provision for sanitation disposal from mobile facilities sanitation systems Waste from septic Women find it unsafe and tanks and sewerage embarrassing network disccharged to defecate in into the natural the open, in drainage system community Most septic tanks are toilets unlined Unhygienic Urban Governance conditions INR 1000-1500 is with spread charged for emptying of diseases. septic tanks Absence of sewage facility in most commercial areas, shopping malls in peripheral areas High court order for not providing sewerage network in unauthorized colonies Suggestions Sewerage system required for the city. Need for establishment of STP and drain openings Replacement of undersized network Need for construction of community toilets in public places Need for individual toilets in JJ clusters and relocation sites
15.3.2 Storm Water Drainage System Storm water drainage in the city is mostly through nallahs and drains. The total length of storm water drainage is around 25,000km. About 50% of the existing city area is covered by open unlined drainage. The drains have become carriers of raw sewage and are generally choked with solid waste.
15-5
Table 15.6: Summary of Consultation Findings for Storm Water Drainage in NCTD Area
Issues raised by Stakeholders Present Level of Adverse Impacts Service Delivery Service Level Incidences of Absence of proper localized drainage system flooding and water logging Existing drainage system is choked Silting of with solid waste drains 75 per cent of Loss of rain network is silted water and its due to connection mixing with of sewage sewage network Water logging on road leading to damage of road surface No drainage mapping and levels available for city Urban Governance MCD and PWD responsible for maintenance of Drains
Community Community Shahdara Narela Mangolpuri Tikri kalan Savda Ghevra Saidula Malviya Nagar Karol Bagh Gazipur Khanpur NGO & CBOs Hazard Centers SRUTI Industrial Associations Institutions SPA, Delhi IEG, Delhi
Suggestions Need for proper lining of drainage channels and improvement of surface drainage. Need to construct more drains to carry the huge volume of water during rainy season. Drainage should end in natural water bodies and artificial tanks for ground water recharge
15.3.3 Solid Waste Management The MCD is responsible for SWM within the NCTD area. The daily waste generated in Delhi is about 7000 MTPD. Primary collection is carried out by the MCD through street sweeping and from storage bins. At present, only 60-65% of the waste generated is collected. No house-to house waste collection or source segregation of waste is followed. The present collection system covers the densely populated areas and the planned colonies and there are many unplanned colonies, rural areas and JJ clusters where collection of MSW is not done or collection is done twice a week only. The waste generated in these areas is either burnt or dumped on open streams or vacant spaces by the residents. Treatment of waste, currently, is minimal --- waste is land dumped at three sites, which are nearly full. In the absence of any separate system for collection of bio-medical wastes, it is mixed with MSW.
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Table 15.7: Summary of Consultation Findings for Solid Waste Management in NCTD Area
Issues raised by Stakeholders Present Level of Adverse Impacts Service Delivery Service Level Drains get Lack of Disposal blocked due to Site waste disposal leading to Regular collection water of waste in contamination selected area of city Frequency of collection is twice a week in peripheral areas and slums Drains are recipients of solid waste Urban Governance Municipal Council responsible for waste collection
Community Community Shahdara Narela Mangolpuri Tikri kalan Savda Ghevra Saidula Malviya Nagar Karol Bagh Gazipur Khanpur NGO & CBOs Hazard Centers SRUTI Industrial Associations Institutions SPA, Delhi IEG, Delhi
Suggestions Need more dustbins Fines to be levied on polluters Awareness programme Willingness to pay for door to door collection of waste
15.3.4 Transportation The road network follows a ring and radial pattern with C.P. as focal point. Roads cover roughly 21% of the urban area in the NCTD. The expansion of the road network and growth of vehicular traffic in Delhi has resulted in the installation of traffic signals at short distances. There are more than 700 signalized intersections located all over Delhi to control traffic operations and ensure smooth flow of traffic. The signalized intersections have led to excessive time and fuel consumption for all vehicular trips. Table 15-7 summarizes the primary consultation findings for transportation.
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Table 15.8: Summary of Consultation Findings for Transportation in NCTD Area

Issues raised by Stakeholders Present Level of Adverse Impacts Service Delivery Service Level Delay and Problem of increased travel parking in Increase in residential and private vehicle commercial ownership due areas to inaccessibility Poor accessibility to public to public transport transport to urban fringes Poor condition of sub arterial and neighborhood roads Encroachments on the road Damage to road surfaces due to construction activity Covering of drains Non-existent street lighting
Community Community Shahdara Narela Mangolpuri Tikri kalan Savda Ghevra Saidula Malviya Nagar Karol Bagh Gazipur Khanpur NGO & CBOs Hazard Centers SRUTI Industrial Associatio ns Institutions SPA, Delhi IEG, Delhi
Suggestions Repair and maintenance of approach roads Enhancing connectivity of peripheral area with core city area through metro. Improvement of street lighting Covering of Drains along the main roads in commercial and residential areas
15.4
PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRESENT LEVEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY One aspect that gets highlighted in all consultations is the dissatisfaction that people feel with the present quality of urban infrastructure and service delivery. In NCTD area as in all other cities, people have put forth the need for improvement of urban infrastructure services.
15.4.1 View on Water Supply Primary stakeholders have expressed extreme resentment over the present service delivery. People informed that the frequency of water supply ranges from once in two days to once a week. To supplement the inadequate water supply people buy water from private water suppliers at a monthly rate of INR 250 per 1000 litre per households or through private tube wells. The community has expressed more faith in the private water suppliers than in the DJB. The community has put forth suggestions such as construction of reservoirs, construction of ring wells, community water tanks to resolve water supply woes. People have expressed their willingness to pay for improved and assured water supply. 15.4.2 View on Sewerage At present only 35 per cent of NCTD area is covered by a sewerage system. The common method of sewage disposal is through septic tanks and soaks pits in the villages, urban fringes and other unserviced areas. People in all meetings Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi 15-8
expressed their desire to have a public sewerage system, once the system was explained to them. 15.4.3 View on Drainage It is evident from the maximum number of responses giving top priority to addressal of drainage issues, that drainage components in NCTD area needs the most intervention. People have linked the occurrence of water logging to drainage. Drainage issues thus need to be addressed holistically. People have complained about choked drains and underground seepage from drainage channels. 15.4.4 Slum and JJ clusters Slum areas are characterized by inadequate services such as poor approach roads, improper drainage, and lack of water supply and sewerage facilities. Residents of planned areas have expressed the view that the poor need to be included and provided for in the development of the city. Residents from all the JJ clusters have asked specifically for provision of water supply, provision of individual toilets, improvement of drainage. Moreover people also emphasized security of tenure and in-situ redevelopment to avoid loss of livelihoods. 15.4.5 Views on Traffic and Transportation Sector The transportation sector has been accorded fourth ranking along with SWM in the priority ranking of issues and has received the third most number of responses after the drainage & sewerage systems. The generic suggestions for improvement of Traffic and Transportation sector include:
Removal of encroachment in commercial and residential areas, Repair of road network damaged due to laying of underground infrastructure Improving connectivity of the urban fringes with core city area and Provision of street lighting
15.4.6 Views on Solid Waste Management SWM has been accorded overall fourth priority ranking by the community and the NGOs consulted. Presently waste collection services extend to all zones of the city with less emphasis on the peripheral area, unauthorized colonies and rural areas within the city. The collection service is restricted to the main arterial roads, government colonies and planned areas with city territory. Moreover, there is a dearth of dustbins in almost all the areas of the city. In areas covered by network private waste collection system, bins (Green and Blue bins) are placed on the shoulder of the road. It has been observed that due to low efficiency of collection of waste, waste gets accumulated in the dustbins itself and spills over to the surroundings attracting stray cattle and creating traffic congestion. 15.4.7 Willingness to Pay for Services People have expressed their willingness to pay for improved urban services like piped water with assured water supply, improved collection facility for SW and
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community toilets. However, the willingness to pay varies across income groups and urban and rural areas. 15.5 STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOPS As part of the consultation program and in continuation to consultations being carried out across the city, stakeholder workshops were organized to arrive at a consensus on the key issues identified with regard to the various elements analyzed above, and to firm up the optional strategies to address the service delivery and financial issues identified. The workshops were organized over two days: the first one included representatives from government, business and trade organizations; the second one included institutional representatives, NGOs and RWAs in the city. Both sessions were chaired by Ex-Chief Secretary Delhi, Shri S. Reghunathan. As part of the process, over 225 persons from various fields and sectors were contacted to attend the workshops. The agenda of the workshops is presented in Annex 15-1 & 15-2. The list of participants is presented in Annex 15-3. The sector wise key findings are presented below. Sector wise views of the Stakeholders: The issues discussed as part of City Development Plan (07th & 08th September 2006) Land Management and Urban Growth Planning Concerns 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Decentralized planning Blue Network Planning Green Network Planning Ward Level Planning Growth of secondary level environment should be stopped The master plan has been updated 1485 times, since 1962. It is a document that is revised, and not reinvented with every attempt. The CDP must be prepared with respect to (a); the NCR Plan (b): Environmental Mr. Ashok Kumar Jain concerns (c ): 74th CAA (d): Economic Commissioner (DDA) Liberalisation, 1992 Heritage should be protected Implement renewal of areas that are now functionally outdated Urban renewal through imagination, not through an inhuman approach City should have an image. Determine this, and let planning respond to it. Consider implications of the Tejinder Khanna Committee Report on infrastructure requirements.
7.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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Institutional Reforms 13. 14. Institutional reforms- Various institutional structures to be reviewed and restructuring of centre and state. Urban Renewal Mission is extended to 63 cities across the country. In all the cities the Nodal Agency is the Local Body, except in Delhi, where it is the State Government. Local government has to be strengthened. Center-State-Local continuum has to be established. The interrelationship between Central-State and Local-State are to be looked into for implementation of the projects identified under JNNURM.
NCR Linkages 15. Interstate linkage from surrounding states---Uttar Pradesh and Haryana will not part with any land for Delhi.
Environmental Concerns & Industries 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Environment Issues such as air and water pollution are to be managed Safety and Security of City dwellers All Large and Medium Scale Industries are already closed in Delhi. In another 2 years, it is proposed to relocate all industries in non-conforming areas from the city (28,000 industries are to be relocated) Industries located in the residential area and unauthorized colonies are to be relocated 10 CETPs are commissioned (5 are under construction) Rejuvenation of existing industrial area in coordination with the master plan
Slums & Urban Poor 15. 16. 17. 18. Priority should be given to in-situ upgradation of slums; Relocation and Redevelopment later. PPP should be used to the advantage of the poor, not the government. Migration has not reduced enough to be sustainable for the city (still too high) Migration form Bihar has doubled in the past decade.
Employment 19. Delhi Employment Sectors are a. Competitive Trades b. Transportation Trades- Distributive Trades c. Central Government Offices-74 CG offices which are not directly required to be in the National Capital are identified for relocation. d. Plans are to be made as per the Institutional Jurisdiction-Ward level Plan; Zonal level Plan. e. Public participation and community involvement are key to undertake the development process. Growth of small enterprises should be supported in Delhi --- MNCs and Large establishments can operate form the NCR Investment leads to mobility in the city. There are good employment opportunities in the city, especially in manufacturing and the small scale sector.
20. 21.
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Transport Sector Planning Concerns 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Transport Planning and road network development shall be undertaken in integration with land use planning; not in hindsight, as is done currently Model for city has to be looked into -there has been unprecedented growth of vehicular traffic Urban Transport policy to be implemented Carry out comprehensive transport study Design city around people not traffic - design of transport intersections keeping in mind the pedestrian traffic; busy road network in congested areas should be pedestrianised and made one way
Upgradation and Interconnectivity 6. A sustainable transport system is required, considering vehicular emissions, accidents on roads; and the composition of private vehicles Inefficient Systems must be upgraded the working of the DTC needs to be looked into Road augmentation and parking vs. Public Transport System Interconnectivity of modes should be seamless Consider the level of impact of the metro Mr. V. S. Madan on the city development along the Secretary-cum-Commissioner (Transport) corridors; the levels of subsidy, elevated structures are poor designs for the city Enhance public transport system Ring railway system should form part of the integrated transport system, especially in view of affordability. Coordinate with other modes. Regulatory measures to discourage private vehicles on road Examine proposal for Bus Rapid Transit System Comprehensive parking plan for solving parking problems of Delhi Parking away from market place with free RTI services; introduce point to point services in public transport. 17. Development of transport system for Disabled population 18. Encroachments on the road- 350 km of the metro city 19. Road safety system-manhole on road, design approval by auditor 20. Development of cycle tracks for cyclist safety; segregate light and heavy vehicles 21. Cycle traffic to be encouraged
7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
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Water Supply 1. Delhi has supply side management while the emphasis should be on the demand side management. Demand Assessment has not been done properly. Improvement of the water supply system should lay emphasis on the following: Appropriate pricing, to curtail wastage Management of the water lost during distribution Lack of capacity of the system Water Distribution & Equitable Access 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hydraulic modeling (Management Information System) should be adopted for the management of entire water distribution. DJB is still managing water as it was done 70 years ago. It needs management expertise. Disparity in Water Distribution system should be looked into, even within each supply zone No water supply network in urban villages, leading to ground water depletion Equitable access to water is a question. Policies should focus on the access to water for poor. Currently, they are not entitled to have individual connections. Coping costs are very high. Delhi is a city with no infrastructure -- Water Supply is lacking in many areas, power supply is intermittent, there is rampant, unauthorized construction, and multiplicity of authorities, leading to poor management. There is no interface between the provider and the user.
Repairs, Management, Monitoring & Pricing 7. 8. 9. 10. Repair and management of 10,000 kms of underground water supply network is a challenge. Monitoring of water supply through bulk metering etc Legislative reforms and varied water pricing for the poor and rich Delhis water supply is based on consumptive use we return 80% of water supplied to the river. If the city starts recycling, we will not be able to sustain this. The neighboring states to Delhi, that is, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana are also reluctant to provide water due to: Leakage and poor management of water The quality of water which is returned to River Yamuna 12. 13. Delhi must insist on Renuka, Lakhwar Vyasi and Kishau dams coming up, in order to meet requirements in the long term. Provision of Water harvesting to be made for Shiv Temples
11.
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Waste Water Generation and Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Efficiency of the sewerage network to be improved and laying of sewerage system in the un-sewered areas. Large parts of unauthorized colonies are completely un-sewered. Rehabilitation of the Silted Network must be undertaken to the extent possible -- large parts of the network are completely silted up. Kitchen and Bath water are mixed with sewage Bricklined Drains are carrying sewage Sewage Treatment Plant to be constructed at the end of the drains discharging water in river Yamuna Only half of the existing STPs are working Fixing of institutional responsibility The DJB should not be made responsible for both water supply and sewerage --Constitute a separate body for sewage and storm water disposal and rain water harvesting. These are large systems, and should have an independent agency to run them.
Solid Waste Management Sites for Waste Disposal 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NCR Planning Board had recommended 10,000 hectare land for disposal of solid waste of Delhi. The State Governments of UP and Haryana have not agreed to allow Delhi to have waste disposal sites in their states. Decision should be made that the facilities should be at the regional level or decentralized. State boundaries should not be an issue Delhi has scarcity of land for disposal. At present all the three landfill sites at Bhalswa, Gazipur and Okhla are full. The guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests for solid waste management needs to be complied with, meaning compliance of 'Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000' About 500 hectares of land would be required if all the solid waste generated in Delhi is landfilled as per the abovementioned rule (SWM 2000)
Waste Minimisation, Processing and Recycling 6. 7. 8. 9. Waste minimization be given top priority to save land Restrict waste disposal on land Promote waste processing and recycling Implementation plan be made for above. There are four composting plants in Delhi with a total designed capacity of 975 tons per day, out of which the plant owned by the MCD at Okhla is closed for the past couple of years. However, the three remaining plants are working under-capacity, to the tune of less than 50%, possibly due to quality and marketing problems. An incinerator plant was installed in the year 1986 at Timarpur with a designed capacity of
15-14
10.
burning 300 tons per day of municipal garbage producing 3 MW electrical power. This plant could not work due to a mismatch with the quality of garbage (low calorific value and high moisture). To start with, all the four existing compost plants can be augmented within a short time with technical, financial and marketing support to actually process upwards of 1000 tons of municipal garbage per day. Simultaneously plans for more processing facilities can be made to maximize processing and minimize land requirement for land filling.
Facilities for Hazardous Waste 11. 12. Delhi also needs facilities specifically for bio-medical and hazardous waste. At present the disposal facilities are designed for municipal waste. Clear policy required for management of bio-medical waste, particularly with respect to facilitating the sector. The 'Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998' puts the responsibility on the 'Generator' of waste, the 'Operator' of the treatment and disposal facility and the 'Prescribed Authority' for monitoring and implementation. Site identification for disposal of Hazardous Waste through interstate networking Public participation and public awareness is a must for solid waste management
13. 14.
Heritage and Environment Integrated Approach to Cultural & Natural Heritage 1. 2. Environment and Heritage need to be looked at integrally. Heritage is associated with water systems, channels, open spaces etc. Establish contiguities of green spaces and heritage. Delhi is a city contained between the ridge and the river. Development can either be around these, respecting them, or on top of these, destroying them. Natural Heritage, the river and ridge have to be preserved.
Listing & Documentation 3. 4. Listing of natural and manmade heritage. There is no comprehensive listing of heritage structure and the State Archeology Act is not in place. There is no legality in the MCD taking up heritage issues. Only the Master Plan has the legal mandate (and is the right platform to take it up) Listing of heritage in Delhi is required. This should include natural, architectural, archaeological as well as cultural heritage. The data for heritage is available in Delhi but in a scattered fashion. There is a need to collate all this information together. MCD Town planning department shall be responsible for the listing of projects for conservation of Heritage areas. Ownership and use of heritage structures has changed --- mosques in Mehrauli are being used for inappropriate uses.
5.
6. 7. 8.
15-15
Implementation & Monitoring of Heritage Management Plans 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Conservation Management plan was prepared for DDA (1997 -98) but not implemented. Implementation can be done through Heritage Management Plans and Conservation Plans Heritage Plan should be implemented through master plan and zonal plan. Monitoring of heritage buildings. There should be a monitoring committee to oversee land in and around heritage structures - GIS can be used for this.
Conservation and Revitalisation 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. The citys heritage goals should be defined first --- funding should be accepted to achieve these goals, and not the funding agencies goals. Some parts of Delhi, like Shahjahanabad, need to be revitalized. Decision needs to be taken whether they need to be improved or reconstructed all over again, as has been done in the European countries. Urban Renewal-Revival and revitalization of the city and the quality of life Citywide renewal of heritage has to be decentralized. Large scale redevelopment in unplanned areas to improve city environment Developing park and open spaces in residential, commercial and institutional areas. The city of Delhi is not at all pedestrian friendly. Pavements are not continuous, whereas roads are. No shade on streets. Avenue plantation to improve the micro-climate along the road and reducing the travel time Today, certain areas get flooded as the road level is higher than the colonies which gives rise to insanitary conditions.
Pollution 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Consider pollution from various sources-due to gensets in residential, commercial and institutional premises; vehicular pollution; pollution due to the fly ash 8000 MT/Day Trans boundary Sub Particulate Matter (SPM Level) are problems for the city and resuspension of fly ash (AIIMS and CPCB) Effect of pollution on human health due to Pb, Co, C6H6 and PHC respectively. Burning of rags, solid waste in Khanpur and Vikaspuri (rag pickers colonies) area are health hazards for the citys inhabitants. Heavy metals in soil are a consequence of use of paints-60000 tonnes per year.
Revival of Environmental Assets 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Revival plan for water bodies not undertaken and around 800 water bodies are already lost. Drains are in danger of being lost. Rain water harvesting should be first undertaken by government and then model are replicated for private structures. Only 37 lakhs have been spent in 5 years on RWH. Water Channels are near the mounds and heritage structures are near the water channels. Citys natural heritage systems are to be integrated --- Continuity of green spaces and water channel.
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33. 34. 35.
Revival of environment assets -Nazafgarh Jeel 7 km2; Jahangirpuri lake and Horse Shoe Lake, Bhalswa needs restoration. Building up aquifers-depletion of water table. Protection of Delhi Ridge as forest belt near Faridabad border.
Storm Water Drainage 1. 2. 3. 4. Remodelling of drains are required Discharge of sewage into storm water drains must be stopped Covering of drains and turning them into roads is not desirable (e.g., Najafgarh drain and Barapulla drain) Storm water drains are silted up to the extent of no desiltation. Therefore drains are to be reconstructed
Urban Slums and Housing 1. 2. 3. 4. There is no slum policy (for JJ clusters and slums) in place There is no act, or consistent policy for tenure security and relocation sites In situ upgradation of slums does not take place - rather, only relocation is done It is always claimed that there is no land available for Slum Relocation in Delhi. This does not seem to be true. In the first Master Plan, 43,000 Hac. of land was allocated for housing, but the DDA had utilized barely 25% of this. Populations are shifted to relocation sites before infrastructure is provided why cannot infrastructure be provided beforehand? The DDA does not provide land for relocation. So settlements should form Cooperative Society for Slum Relocation and rehabilitation In-situ upgradation for Slum / JJ Clusters-Land owning agency has to forego the land cost. In-situ upgradation is the only answer. Land owning agencies should form a mission and give up their lands. Slum department is collecting money (advances) for slum development, but not using it for slum development 9. JJ Cluster and Slums are to be treated as integral part of the city. Different segments of the population have to co-exist. The planning process has not provided for them. 10. Precedence of legal security Mumbai Model the Act in Maharashtra gives urban poor the right to housing; provides for in-situ rehabilitation. Recognize Urban Poors right to housing 40 sqm per family is the minimum size of plot to be provided for the slum dwellers. The cutoff date should be of a year back; instead of a decade back 8.
5. 6. 7.
11. 12. 13.
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14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
Look into the affordability of EWS housing provided by DDA. One DU costs approx. 1 lakh. Enough provision for EWS housing in the city should be made. Work place relationship is lacking at relocation sites The relocated population are to be provided with free bus passes for a period of at least 5-10 years Bank loans and support from financial institutions are to be provided to inhabitants of slums and JJ clusters Minimum norms of physical and social infrastructure are not available at relocation sites and JJ clusters Land is available for insitu upgradation of slums / JJ clusters --- if land is a constraint at the existing site, the relocation site should not be more than 1km distant Slum department has rehabilitated 8000 families with investment of 20 crore. Problem of Ragpickers in Delhi Service providers of the city are staying in JJ clusters Slum rehabilitation are short term The rent control act creates artificial scarcity of housing in the city Affordable rental housing for poor --- there should be more of this Creating Housing for the poor Plots, with shared infrastructure (which can be upgraded at a later date) and one room tenements should be made available for urban poor. Also, multistoried accommodation can be provided next to the work centers. Fresh migrants are to be provided with subsidized housing with only cost of construction Unplanned rehabilitation of the poor leads to theft in urban services Unauthorized colonies lack basic infrastructure Dislodging of the poor for utilization of lands Lack of planning and implementation
Institutional Assessment & Governance 1. The lack of effective governance is a critical issue in the city 2. Need for a well- defined authority to manage the city 3. Institutional reform, in order to ensure transparency and responsiveness, is required. 4. Multiplicity of Authorities 5. Institute a competent design authority to design, build and maintain good public places.
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Annexure 15.1
Agenda for Workshop Date : 07.09.2006

Schedule 1.45 PM to 2.00 PM 2.00 PM to 2.05 PM 2.05 PM to 2.15 PM Agenda Registration Welcome address Opening Remarks By Mr. Mahesh Babu, CEO, IL&FS Ecosmart By Chairperson, Mr. S. Reghunathan, Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Delhi By Suneetha Kacker, IL&FS Ecosmart Chairperson, Mr. S. Reghunathan
2.15 PM to 3.00 PM 3.00 PM to 4.00 PM 4.00 PM to 4.15 PM 4.15 PM to 5.15 PM
State of City Presentation Open House Discussions Tea Break Discussion by Sectoral subgroups Urban Slum & Poor Urban Services City Environment & Heritage Urban Transport
Sectoral Coordinators: Suneetha Kacker Rahul Singh/Dr. P.K Jain Harleen Kaur/Anuradha /Dr. N.B.Majumdar Sandeep Kaushik By Sector Leaders/Coordinators
5.15 PM to 6.00 PM
Sectoral Strategy Presentation (10 minutes for each sector) Strategy for the City Conclusion
6.00 PM to 6.15 PM 6.15 PM to 6.20 PM
By Chairperson, Mr. S. Reghunathan By Dr. S. Mukherjee, IL&FS Ecosmart
Annexure 15-2
Agenda for Workshop Date : 08.09.07
Schedule 1.45 PM to 2.00 PM 2.00 PM to 2.05 PM 2.05 PM to 2.15 PM
Agenda Registration Welcome address Opening Remarks By Mr. Mahesh Babu, CEO, IL&FS Ecosmart By Chairperson, Mr. S. Reghunathan, Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Delhi By Suneetha Kacker, IL&FS Ecosmart Chairperson, Mr. S. Reghunathan
2.15 PM to 3.00 PM 3.00 PM to 4.00 PM 4.00 PM to 4.15 PM 4.15 PM to 5.45 PM
State of City Presentation Open House Discussions Tea Break Discussion by Sectoral sub-groups
Urban Slum & Poor Urban Services City Environment & Heritage Urban Transport
Sectoral Coordinators:
Suneetha Kacker Rahul Singh/Dr. P.K Jain Harleen Kaur/Anuradha /Dr. N.B.Majumdar Sandeep Kaushik
5.45 PM to 6.00 PM 6.00 PM to 6.10 PM
Strategy for the City Conclusion
By Chairperson, Mr. S. Reghunathan By Dr. S. Mukherjee, IL&FS Ecosmart
Annexure 15.3
List of individuals invited for CDP Workshop

S. No. 1. Name & Designation Dr. Venugopal Director Central Pollution Control Board Dr. Trivedi Additional Director Central Pollution Control Board The Member Secretary Central Ground Water Board Mr. S. S. Ghonkrokta Delhi Pollution Control Board Dr. Nandita Moitra Delhi Pollution Control Board Dr. M. P. George Delhi Pollution Control Board Mr. Lalit Kapoor Additional Director National River Conservation Directorate Ministry of Environment & Forests Dr. B. Sengupta Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board Mr. Pradeep Khandelwal SE, Planning Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Mr. Surinder Pal Eng. Deptt, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Mr. Anil Prakash Director-in-Chief Municipal Corporation of Delhi Mr. A. K. Jain Commissioner Delhi Development Authority,
2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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Annexure 15.3
13.
Mr. Ashok Kumar Addl. Commissinor Office of Master Plan for Delhi, Mr. Ravider Kumar Kakker CPWD Mr. R. K. Gupta Chief Engineer (Works), Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd Mr. B. K. Sharma Director (Planning), Department of Urban Development, Government of NCT of Delhi Mr. V. V. Bhatt Principle Secretary (Fin / Plg.), Department of Planning, Government of NCT of Delhi Mr. Arun Mathur Chief Executive Officer, Delhi Jal Board Mr. Ashish Kundra Addl. Chief Executive Officer, Delhi Jal Board Mr. R. B. Mohar Chief Engineer (Civil-III), Delhi Jal Board Mr. M. C. Pareva Office of the Chief Engineer, Irrigation & Flood Control Department Mr. Omkar Singh Conservator of Forest & Chief Wildlife Warden, Department of Forest Mr. Prabhat Tyagi Department of Forest Mr. B. B. Uppal Ministry of Unrban Development Mr. R. Jeyaseelan Chairman, Central Water Commission
14. 15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. 24. 25.
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Annexure 15.3
26.
Mr. B. S. Ahuja Member (WO&P), Central Water Commission Mr. S. K. Agarwal Member, Central Water Commission Mr. B. B. Saxena Principal Secretary (UD), Department of Urban Development Ms. N. Jayaseelan Secretary (Environment), Government of NCT of Delhi Dr. Rajeev Babu Director General Archeological Survey of India Dr. R. C. Sharma Joint Director General, Archeological Survey of India Lt. Col. S. K. Garg Medical Officer of Health, NDMC Dr. Indrani Chandrasekhran Director, Ministry of Environment & Forests Dr. U. Sridharan Addl. Director Ministry of Environment & Forests Mr. Akash Mahapatra Director Panchayat, GNCTD The Member Secretary National Capital Regional Planning Board Er. S. Jethwani Director Works, Office of Engg. In Chief Er. R. F. Shoran Project Manager, Public Works Department
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. 36. 37.
38.
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Annexure 15.3
39. 40. 41.
Mr. V. S. Madan Secretary-cum-Commissioner (Transport) Mr. Umesh Tyagi Joint Commissioner (Transport) Mr. Brahmanand Director Planning, State Transport Association Mr. B. I. Singal Tech. Advisor, State Transport Association Shri V. B Jhulka Dy. C. G. M. Traffic, Mr. Suman Sharma Chief Manager, DTTDC Mr. S. Sharma S.E.DTTDC, Mr. R. Raina S.E II, New Delhi Municipal Corporation Mr. D. Verma DCP Traffic Dr. S. Gangoupadhyay Head Traffic & Transport Division, CRRI Dr. P. K. Sarkar Prof.& Head, Dept. of Transport Planning, Dr. Sanjay Gupta Asst. Professor, Dept. of Transport Planning, Ar. P. R. Mehta Ex- President Council Of Architecture, Shri Anul Dyal CPRO, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation,
42.
43. 44. 45. 46.
47. 48. 49.
50.
51.
52.
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Annexure 15.3
53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
Dr. Dinesh Mohan I.I.T Delhi Dr. Geetam Tiwari I.I.T Delhi Mr. Rohit Baluja Institute of Roads & Traffic Education Mr. Sandeep Patil CII Mr. Manmohan Singh SRUTI Mr. Chhabra Secretary, NICWA Narela Industrial Complex Welfare Association Shri Basant Somani President, NICWA Narela Industrial Complex Welfare Association Mr. Dharampal President, IWSSP Industrial Welfare Society Ms. Amita Bhaviskar Institute for Economic Growth Mr. K. T. Ravindaran Dean, School of Planning and Architecture Mr. A. G. K. Menon TVB School of Habitat Studies Mr. Amitabh Kundu Jawaharlal Nehru University, Centre for Study of Regional Development Mr. Parth Shah Director, Centre for Civil Society Mr. Promod Chawla President, URJA (Association of RWAs) Mr. Farhad Suri Mayor, Municipal Council of Delhi
59.
60.
61. 62. 63. 64.
65.
66. 67.
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Annexure 15.3
68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
Ms. Sunita Narayan Centre for Science and Environment Ms. Anumita Roy Centre for Science and Environment Mr. Suresh Babu Centre for Science and Environment Dr. T. S. Panwar TERI The Director WWF Mr. Ajay Mahajan Kalpavriksha (NGO) Mr. Ashok Khosla Development Alternative Dr. Dilip Biswas Chairman, CPCB (Retd) Mr. Ravi Aggarwal Srishti / Toxic Links, Mr. Uma Bharadwaj ACCORD (NGO) Mr. Depinder S Kapoor Water Aid Mr. EFN Riberio Gulmohar Enclave Mr. O. P. Jain INTACH Mr. Arun Gupta INTACH Cris Heymans World Bank Subhagato Dasgupta World Bank Dr. Satpal Singh NIUA
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Annexure 15.3
85.
Mr. R. M. Pillai Commissioner, Slum Department Mr. S. K. Das (Prominent Architect & Planner) Mr. Kapil Narula TERI, Col. Rakesh Jauhari TERI, Mr. Manu Bhatnagar INTACH Mr. Dunu Roy Hazards Center (NGO), Munirka Mr. Ramendra Sanjha Manch (NGO) Mr. V. K. Jain TAPAS (NGO) Ms. Bharti Chaturvedi Chintan (NGO) The President Residential Welfare Society, Nizamuddin The President Residential Welfare Society, Defence Colony The President Residential Welfare Society, Tuglakabad The President Residential Welfare Society, Old Rajendra Nagar Prof. H. B. Singh President, RWA, Kaushambi Mr. Ashok Lal Prominent Architect,Civil Lines
86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
91. 92. 93. 94.
95. 96. 97. 98. 99.
100. Mr. Roshan Seth

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Annexure 15.3
Geetanjali Enclave 101. Mr. Sanjay Kaul & Mr. Pankaj Gupta Peoples Action 102. Mr. Ravi Das Engineer-in-Chief Municipal Corporation of Delhi,
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Chapter 16 : SWOT Analysis
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 16 City SWOT Assessment
CHAPTER - 16 CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT

16.1 INTRODUCTION
Assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a city forms a basis for the preparation of a relevant city development plan. A city level SWOT analysis has been done in this chapter based on an assessment of the status of various sectors of the city. The chapter has been divided into four sections each describing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats respectively.
16.2 STRENGTHS
Delhi is a National Capital and the seat of administrative power; it is the center of economic and political activities. The city has several strengths. These have been outlined in Table 16.1. Table 16.1: DELHI CITY-STRENGTHS SECTORS STRENGTHS Location & Regional Linkages: Delhi is located strategically and connected with various economic nodes of the country. Due to its strategic importance, the citys influence extends throughout India and as a National Capital throughout the world. Seat of all political and administrative power of Country. Highest level of urbanisation in the Country. The level of urbanization is 95 per cent. It is easily accessible from other Mega Cities of the Country and other areas of Northern and Western India through Rail, Road and Air Transport. With Coming up of NHDP project, cities connectivity from Western and Eastern Gateways of the country has increased. Delhi acts as nodal point for collection and distribution of passenger and cargo traffic in Northern India. City Economy: The citys economy is enjoying a period of high growth GSDP is growing at a high growth rate of around 15% (CAGR at current prices-2002-03), with the service/tertiary sector contributing more than 76 per cent towards the economy of the state; High per capita income at Rs 47477 (current prices, 2002-03) High spending capacity / tendency
Trade and Commerce: There are 8 major types of wholesale and specialized markets of regional importance. Fruit & Vegetable Market, Azadpur and Fish & Meat Market, Gazipur are some of the major distributions centers for commodities in the Northern and North west region of the country.
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SECTORS
Tourism
STRENGTHS Walled City and its extensions have 5-6 specialized market of regional and city level importance. These specialized markets are Wholesale grain Market; Bicycle & accessories, cloth market, General merchandise & hosiery, iron steel & junk and building materials. The city is well connected to regional supply chains The city is gaining in importance as a centre of retail trade World famous tourist destination Attracts both domestic as well as international tourists. Connectivity to the tourist destination in the northern region such as Jaipur, Ajmer, Agra, Varanasi et.al
Heritage
It is famous for its heritage and culture, both built and unbuilt Walled City of Delhi has 1000 heritage structure and 25 historical monuments. State Reforms: State Government is undertaking various institutional and legislative reforms. Pro active government; Presence of a number of development bodies and NGOs; State on a reform path with initiatives such as Bhagidari.
16.3 WEAKNESSES
The major areas of weaknesses for the city include infrastructure; weak urban growth management; lack of environmental management; slums, and overlapping institutional jurisdiction. The details of these have been elaborated in Table 16.2. These weaknesses need to be worked on for the city. Table 16.2: DELHI CITY-WEAKNESSES SECTORS WEAKNESSES Infrastructure: Weaknesses of the water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage and road & Transport systems are discussed below. Lack of solid waste management facilities (for treatment and disposal) in the city leading to indiscriminate dumping of garbage and land pollution. Existing dumping sites are saturated and no new ones have been developed Lack of drainage and sewerage network especially in the newly developed areas. The surface drains are used for carriage of 25-30% sewerage, leading to environment hazards Lack of infrastructure facilities like water supply, sewerage, road and drainage in the unauthorized colonies; urban villages and colonies developed by private developers. Pressure on roads in walled city and extension due to encroachment, excessive commercialization and vehicular
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SECTORS
WEAKNESSES movement. Lack of parking space in the city. Lack of proper public transport system leading to skewed traffic composition on the road network of the city. Lack of tourism infrastructure facilities Inadequate public conveniences. Disposal of untreated industrial waste in Yamuna River.
Urban Growth and Land Management Haphazard growth of the city due to uncontrolled migration, poor housing and poor provision of infrastructure. The areas which have grown haphazardly are urban villages; resettlement colonies and unauthorized colonies High population density within the walled city & Extension and East Delhi planning Division. Moreover low density development in RK Puram; Motibagh; Vinay Nagar..etc Rate of Unauthorized developments and illegal land subdivisions are increasing in urban pheriphery and village settlements. Lack of parks and open spaces. Violation of rules, byelaws by the public and residents of walled city- leading to the loss of heritage in the walled city. Overcrowding of businesses and people in the walled city. High rate of population growth and urbanization, leading to slum formation, strain on infrastructure facilities and deterioration of the living environment. Conservation Lack of integration of heritage concerns with planning process Lack of proper database management in each sector especially in the Heritage and Infrastructure development. Absence of clear-cut guidelines and responsibilities of various organizations. Lack of awareness among in the city people towards heritage conservation. Ineffective maintenance of heritage sites like Red Fort, Qutab Minar etc as well as buildings in the walled city and Extension areas. Urban Environment Degradation of River Yamuna Loss of traditional water systems. Extreme Depletion of ground water. Degraded air quality. Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of the city. Contamination of piped water with sewerage.
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SECTORS Slums and JJ Clusters Institutional coordination
WEAKNESSES increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the urban poor (lack of inclusion of urban poor in city development process) Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and resettlement colonies and relocation sites; Lack of coordination between central and state government Lack of coordination among various departments like MCD, DDA, PWD, DJB, DUAC etc. Non implementation of 74th CAA in spirit-MCD does not have financial/taxation powers, budget to be approved from Department of Local Self Government. DDA entrusts functions to MCD against the spirit of 74th CAA. Overlapping jurisdictions between DDA, MCD and NDMC;DDA exercise control over major parts of MCD Area. Overlapping of functions between line departments.
16.4 OPPORTUNITIES
The city has several aspects that are potential opportunities for the city. The main opportunities are in the areas of economic growth, proposed projects, state initiated reforms and heritage. These have been detailed out in Table 16.3. Table 16.3: DELHI CITY-OPPORTUNITIES SECTORS Economic competitiveness Proposed Projects OPPORTUNITIES With the presence of good connectivity, it can develop as nodal centre linked with other economically vibrant cities. The city has a highly entrepreneurial population High literacy rates High growth areas such as NOIDA and Gurgaon are located in the vicinity It can attract many tourists because of its rich heritage and culture. Due to good connectivity, the National Capital city has the potential to attract private developers and FDI in the housing and infrastructure sectors. Can emerge as an events capital particularly after the commonwealth games 2010 Commonwealth games-2010 is likely catalyze investment to the tune of Rs 2000 Crore on development of civic infrastructure in the city. With the anticipated growth rate of around 8% for GDP of India during this FY and an increase in the limit of FII and FDI, Delhi can expect more investments provided the city sells itself well in comparison to other cities Development of Metro Rail and its extension to other DMA towns will resolve the problem of transportation
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SECTORS system of the city State urban reforms
OPPORTUNITIES City is initiating reforms in urban governance through implementation of various governance models such Bhagidari Scheme; E-governance; Repeal of ULCR, PPP models for project implementation etc. Institutional Reforms proposed for MCD by splitting it into several Municipal Corporations The Government is currently focusing on urban slums and improvement of basic services in JJ clusters Rich heritage can attract the tourists. The local crafts from across the nation can be showcased for attracting business and shoppers during events such as Trade Fair and other events organized in city.
Urban Heritage
16.5 THREATS
The threats are primarily the existing weakness, which if not addressed adequately might pose threats for development of the city in the future. These are detailed out in Table 16.4. Table 16.4: DELHI CITY-THREATS SECTORS Economic THREATS Wholesale trade is concentrated in core walled city area, which attracts workers and traders to the central location-leading to deterioration of the city environment Lack of adequate infrastructure to capitalize on economic opportunities (roads, freight handling facilities etc) High population growth can lead to further pressure on the infrastructure sector in the future. Augmentation of trunk services is crucial. Lack of sewerage system, solid waste management, poor distribution of water can lead to health problems and unhygienic conditions in the city. Poor infrastructure in new colonies especially in the urban extensions and urban villages are a threat to quality of life. Infrastructure provision in the slums is inadequate resulting in very poor living conditions. Capacity building of all the government organizations if inadequate would result in non implementation of several reforms. Fiscal reforms are a key for carrying out projects and provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner. Urban Development is the responsibility of Central government and MCD is under both Central and State Government. These overlapping roles of state and central government have led to a non functional executive system of the city.
Infrastructure
Institutional and fiscal reforms
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SECTORS Conservation
THREATS Lack of repair and maintenance of heritage buildings can lead to rapid deterioration of built fabric in the walled city. Continued negligence of heritage areas can also lead to loss in tourism revenues Walled city and Extension faces threat in the event of disasters both natural as well as man-made.
16.6 CONSOLIDATED ISSUES

SECTOR City Economic Profile ISSUES The comparatively large influx of low quality manpower from neighboring states could skew the skill level available. The lack of focus on major value-add sectors like Software, BPO, Communications and Biotechnology is likely to lead to a situation where the Value-Add per employee/enterprise would be affected adversely. The highly skewed gender ratio in the employment sector, with 15% females in the workforce. Ground Water: The abstraction of ground water is more than the estimated availability of ground water. CGWB estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes. River Yamuna: The river Yamuna stretches for 22 kms along Delhi, but after Rs 55 - 75 Crores spent per kilometer on cleaning it up, the river is more spent than ever. Forest Cover: The Ridge area of Delhi has degraded tremendously due to by roads, buildings, traffic, garbage dumping, lopping of trees and grazing by livestock. Mining and quarrying activities in the past have degraded the South-Central Ridge causing enormous loss to biodiversity. Air Environment: The alarming levels of SPM which are way beyond the permissible levels are a serious area of concern. Even the RPM levels were exceeding the permissible limits. Environmental Health: High occurrence of respiratory infections, heart problems, sickness from water and vector-born diseases and other diseases because of exposure to ambient and indoor pollutants and inappropriate disposal practices of municipal solid waste have become the way of life in the city. Green House Gases: Delhi is releasing around 16 million tones of CO2 emissions, mainly contributed by vehicles, power and residential sectors. This quantity if unabated could be a major threat to stabilizing Climate Change. Increasing gap between demand and supply of housing and infrastructure Encroachments on agriculture land and urban villages
City Environment Profile
Land Management & Urban Growth
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SECTOR Urban Poor and Slum
Conservation & Heritage Management
Water Supply City Sewerage System
ISSUES Exploitation of land for unauthorized development Non-conforming land uses-industrial & commercial Lack of linkage of Physical Planning Strategy with Financial Planning Over crowding, haphazard development without basic services Diminishing legal security of tenure Lack of access to suitable mechanisms of finance Low rate of in-situ up gradation of existing JJ clusters Poor access to public goods and services at JJ clusters and relocation sites Variable plots sizes at relocation sites. Lack of suitability of relocation sites Piecemeal, uncoordinated approach to the heritage and conservation in Delhi. Limited positive and meaningful co-operation between the agencies involved. No overall planning and direction in the sector. Monuments are in dilapidated stage and being altered heavily (losing their historical value) Number of heritage buildings occupied by State and Central Government Departments. No Incentives and technical support given to owners of heritage building for theyre up keep and maintenance. Difficult to apply laws and regulations and at the same time lack of rules/ guidelines for restoration of civil heritage, construction on and demolition of heritage structure. Lack of political commitment and public awareness on heritage value. Lack of Public facilities in and around the monuments and area. Poor Solid Waste Management in old city. Poor management of supply, leading to high rate of water loss (40%), intermittent supply & wastage Augmentation of water sources required No equitability in water supply, need for rationalization of water supply. High operation and maintenance cost and highly subsidized water supply. Revenue losses due to less coverage / jurisdiction area (45%). No centralized database and information management system in place. 530 MGD of untreated sewage is polluting the river Yamuna. Overflow from sewers into storm water drains (SWDs) indicating urgent there is urgent need to segregate the sewage flow from entering into SWDs. Trunk sewers are considerably silted, requiring to be desilted & repaired to restore their capacity in a time
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SECTOR Storm Water Drainage Review of Road Network and Transport System Institutional Arrangement
ISSUES bound manner. STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations are several years oldleading to reduced efficiency. conveyance system needs to be checked for full capacity utilization of CETPs. Carries considerable quantities of raw and untreated effluents Need for diversion of all waste water (both domestic and industrial) from surface drains. Lack of integration in designing, planning and construction of roads and drains Streamlining of agencies responsible for drainage throughout city High growth rate of vehicles and heavy vehicular volumes on road causing congestion, delay, safety, pollution Ineffective utilization of road space- on street parking, encroachments, lack of pedestrian facilities Inadequate and inefficient public transport system requirement of integrated multi-modal transport system for Delhi Lack priority and safety of pedestrians on road Inadequate parking at major commercial areas and work centers Lack of coordination in implementing agencies Intermixing of local and regional passenger and goods traffic Lack of clear demarcation of responsibilities and effective reporting mechanisms between the three tiers of government-local, state and centre MCD & NDMC both report to the central government and not state government MCD has been trying hard to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violate the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act. Overruling of the Delhi High Court decisions by the NCT of Delhi and Ministry of Urban Development. There is a lack of clarity over the departmental responsibilities for land use planning, development, maintenance and enforcement. Delhi Development Authority (DDA) does not coordinate with the State Government on physical development.
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Chapter 17 : Vision, Gap Analysis & Development Strategy
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 17 Vision, Gap Analysis & Development Strategies
CHAPTER - 17 VISION, GAP ANALYSIS & DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

17.1 INTRODUCTION Evolving a vision for the city has been an iterative process, involving several interactions with individuals, as well as focus groups. During the deliberations, perspectives on, and aspirations for the city were put forward, in response to the perceived inherent potential of the city, vis--vis its current state of development. It is now widely acknowledged that vibrant urban areas are the drivers of a nations growth. In India, cities, which house only 30% of the population, contribute over 60% of GDP. In order to thrive, however, it has been observed that cities need to be strong on two fronts: economic growth and quality of life. As noted in the city assessment, Delhi performs exceedingly well on the first front, but falls far short on the second. This has also been confirmed by the recently released Delhi State Development Report, which concludes that while the city is a great place to earn a living, it a terrible place to live in. / it offers a substandard quality of life. Delhi ranked a poor 157th in the Mercer survey ranking the livability of cities in 2005. Economic growth and quality of life are inextricably linked, and can mutually reinforce each other leading to / in a virtuous cycle or degrade each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. It is thus critical that Delhi utilizes the advantage of its current buoyant economic growth to effect improvements in the quality of life of its inhabitants. It is anticipated that these measures will impact the citys economic performance directly, as well as indirectly. Alongside this, the city needs to capitalize on its strengths in order to attract talent, nurture entrepreneurship, and boost the performance of specific economic sectors within its boundaries. These measures will put in place a competitive advantage / edge for the city, to ensure that that Delhi acts as a magnet for the best, and sustains its high growth rate well into the future. 17.2 VISION STATEMENT During the stakeholder workshops, and on-site consultations undertaken across the city as part of the CDP, the following concerns emerged as uppermost amongst all stakeholders1: Access to basic infrastructure -- safe drinking water, sanitation, drainage, power, health care and education Establishing an image for the city, to guide initiatives at urban renewal; and undertaking these with the aim of recreating the city Safeguarding the citys depleting environmental resources ground water, the River, the ridge
1 Stakeholders consulted included government representatives, political representatives, academic representatives, NGOs, RWAs, and prominent citizens
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Chapter 17 Vision, Gap Analysis & Strategies Development
Assuring safety and security to all segments of the population Making provisions for the lower income groups, who are perceived as not having been provided. Safe, reliable and affordable transport infrastructure, providing effective connectivity across the city Most critically, providing a reliable, accountable / transparent, and responsive system of governance for the management of city infrastructure, and the conduct of urban activities / its business.
The urgent need for systems and procedures of decision making and management that could respond to the needs of the citys inhabitants as against other interests was echoed across all groups of stakeholders. On the basis of the above, Delhis Vision is defined as follows: To become a highly livable city that offers a superior quality of life through a robust, employment generating economy; that is safe and inclusive, environmentally and socially sustainable; and is based on reliable infrastructure and offers a transparent, responsive system of governance dedicated to the citys felt needs. Strategies across sectors to achieve the above vision are elaborated further below. 17.3 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The overall strategy for economic development is based on certain key observations made during the city assessment, as well as a consideration of international practices in comparable situations. Delhi, like all major metros worldwide is driven by a fast growing migrant population. Historically, migrations have fueled major economic shifts not only in countries, but more critically, in key cities. Some of the notable examples have been the growth of cities like London in UK; New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles in USA; and Shanghai in China. Similar trends are noticed in the sub continent also, including in Mumbai and Bangalore. Delhi, in particular, due to its location has been the scene of major conflicts and attendant migration through its turbulent history. This has ingrained a high level of entrepreneurship, innovation and tolerance into its character, which are also its basic strengths. The present state of the city, as defined in the previous chapter, shows a fast growing service sector that provides a major share to the GSDP (76%). It also shows a high growth in population (45% over the last 10 years), fuelled by immigration, a majority of whom are involved with the unorganized service and manufacturing sectors. Surveys indicate that up to 60 % of the fresh migrants to the city are absorbed into these sectors. Other key characteristics of its economic profile include The tertiary sector, accounting for 76% of the GSDP of Delhi, is also the fastest growing. Within the tertiary sector, real estate and business services showed 17 % CAGR between 1994 2004.
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Trade, along with Hotels & Restaurants account for over 43.5% of the total enterprises in Delhi and contribute to nearly 20% of its GSDP. As per the the 55th round of the NSS, about 45 % of the employment generated in the city is accounted for by the informal, or unorganized sector. The Annual Survey of Industries (2003-2004), revealed that as many as 18 % of the factories in the city were engaged in manufacturing of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur. This activity has a large representation in the unorganized industrial sector as well.
A comparison with other major metros like London, New York and Shanghai shows that Delhi is fairly well placed to emerge as a leading city, at least from an economic view point, as it has all the major ingredients in place: High growth in revenues driven by a strong and fast growing services sector, high collection of revenues and high per capita income. Located as the gateway for the north, it is the regional hub for movement of goods and traffic. It is also the major port of entry for the north and is a tourism gateway. Intrinsic demographic advantage with a high level of literacy and migrant population that provide it with dynamism that has come to characterize the city.
The city needs to make the best use of its resources, which is essentially the high level of entrepreneurial ability of its people. In order to unleash the true potential, the govt. needs to encourage and nurture these abilities through forward looking policies and interventions. The following strategies are recommended for sustaining the growth of the city well into the future: Encourage high value-add services: Delhi has the potential to become a major hub for a number of high valueadd services through leveraging its locational strengths. Due to the presence of a large and fast growing base of IT-BPO service sector in its hinterland (NCR) the city is strategically positioned to provide a high quality professional manpower to these industries. With the major road corridors like the North-South, East-West and Golden Quadrilateral passing through the State, the city could also metamorphose itself into a major inland container port and logistic hub. The city has a historical advantage in this respect, being the hub for redistribution of wholesale produce in the northern region of the country. Another area that has a huge potential for generating high value addition is the fashion industry as it has the largest concentration of design houses in this sector in the country. Moreover, it has a geographic advantage in having a rich crafts tradition in the textile sector within easy reach in regional cities such as Lucknow, Jaipur, Aligarhetc to add value to high end products. Coupled with other life style products, this could become a major growth sector in the years to come. Also, with its rich cultural
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heritage, and a major port of entry, the city could be a major tourist destination. Organizing Low End Services: The city has a very vibrant unorganized sector that provides it with a plethora of low end services. It is recommended that this sector be provided with a range of incentives to enable it to grow and gainfully employ the large number of people who migrate from the neighboring States in search of work to the city. One of the key incentives would be to provide this sector with simplified processes for micro-credit accessibility. In its absence these enterprises often turn to the money lenders or stagnate. This also needs to be properly propagated for effective utilization. A key enabler for this sector is provision of adequate and reliable public infrastructure. The major areas requiring intervention and development include affordable housing, appropriate transport links and education facilities for the slums and JJ unit dwellers, which supply the majority of the work force for the unorganized sector. Enhancing Quality: Measures need to be initiated for capacity building in the unorganized sector for enhancing quality of products and services, positively affecting value addition and returns. Based on the key strategies defined above for the city development and the analysis of the present state of the city, an action plan for Delhi has been defined in the subsequent paragraphs. 17.4 KEY SECTORS The key areas that have potential for driving the economic growth of the city are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IT & ITES Sector Life Style Sector Logistics Sector Heritage & Tourism Sector Education Sector
In addition to the above, it is anticipated that the large investments flowing into the construction and infrastructure development sectors due to the Commonwealth Games 2010, and projects flowing from the JNNURM process will also enhance the economy of the city substantially. 17.4.1 The IT & ITES Sector The IT & ITES sector in India has been moving up the value chain, world-wide, in the Software and BPO services, with consequent growth in its value-addition and quantum. As per NASSCOM data, the turnover of the IT & ITES sector for the year 2005-06 was US$ 23.4 Billion, with an annual growth rate of 32%. It presently employs nearly 1.3 million people directly and has created an additional 2 million jobs indirectly.
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The NCR is one of the major hubs for this sector along with Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Mumbai-Pune. The city, with its large population of well educated work force, is ideally positioned to attain the pre-eminent position for providing workers for this fast growth sector. However, there is need for undertaking major capacity building exercise in consonance with the requirements of this sector. Development of a framework for boosting the KPO sector needs to be undertaken, including exploring the possibility of setting up SEZ for the purpose. The KPO sector is at a nascent stage in the country and Delhi could emerge as one of the key destinations for this due its ready availability of high quality professionals. This could particularly be in the areas of Medicine, Law, Biotechnology, Education & Training, Engineering, Paralegal Content and even Intelligence services. 17.4.2 The Life Style Sector The high per capita income of the City, coupled with the concentration of industries in its hinterland (Faridabad, NOIDA, Gurgaon, etc.) and the inherent spending habits of the populace has placed the city in a pre-eminent position in the fashion industry. It currently hosts a majority of the top-end designers in the country. This industry along with the personal care and home care industry show a huge potential for growth, fueled by the growth of income in the NCR. As these industries are largely dependent on the services/skills of the unorganized sector, the growth in the above sectors would translate into huge economic spin-offs for the unorganized sector. It is necessary to explore the availability of land at suitable locations that could cater to the clientele in both the city and its hinterland. One such area, capitalizing on the existing location of many of these shops (albeit low-end), is the Mehrauli-Gurgaon Road. It is proposed to develop it as the Life Style Mile. The private sector could be invited to undertake the development of this on suitable terms. The backward linkages with the location and skills of the workforce needs to be explored and adequate infrastructural services need to be planned and provided for in a time-bound fashion for ensuring sustainable development in this sector. 17.4.3 The Logistics Sector As discussed in a previous paragraph, the location of Delhi and its history as a trading center have placed it at a pre-eminent position in the northern part of India. It also is major transportation junction road, rail and air. With the three major road corridors North-South, East-West and Golden Quadrilateral passing through the State, the city would be even better positioned as a hub for transportation and logistics in the region. The city already boasts of some of the largest mandis for vegetable, fruits, etc. The hinterland is also one of the major providers of fresh produce, apparel, leather, as well as engineering goods. The city needs to provide high quality infrastructure to complement its position as the logistics hub for the north. This could include creating multiple inland container ports at suitable locations,
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along with upgrading its storage capacities like cold storage facilities (critical to fresh produce) and mechanized loading, unloading and handling facilities. Integrated goods storage and transportation systems --- which would extend from the points of entry to the airport / freight terminals --- need to be explored and suitable strategies and policies need to be implemented by the GNCTD. 17.4.4 Heritage & Tourism Sector Delhi, considered as a historic city of potential World Heritage significance due to the unparalleled richness and diversity of its natural and cultural heritage, is also one of the most prominent tourist destinations in North India, and is perceived as the Gateway to North India. Due to its location as an important node of both the Agra-Jaipur and Varanasi-Khajuraho circuits, Delhi received over 3 million domestic and international tourists in 2001-02. However, in comparison with other capital cities such as London, Rome and Paris, (comparable with Delhi in terms of historic significance and concentration of heritage resources), the potential for heritage tourism in Delhi is underutilized. BTA statistics and independent heritage economics studies indicate that London attracted almost 9 million visitors in early 2006, with monthly revenues of 3.9 billion pounds. Similarly, Paris, in 1996, attracted 12.129 million domestic and international tourists, motivated mainly by cultural reasons, generating 12.75 billion francs, and 43,000 jobs were created in that year alone. Delhis rich, multi-layered heritage needs to be considered as an economic resource or heritage capital, capable of enriching the quality of life of Delhis inhabitants & stimulating development through growth of heritage tourism. Innovative management strategies for the heritage assets of Delhi are required to ensure creation of employment opportunities linked to cultural tourism and provision of facilities for mid-range tourists in heritage areas. These strategies could include: Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings as affordable and safe accommodation for mid and low range tourists, within significant historic areas, Development of attractive thematic tourist circuits linking the various historic sites throughout the city, supported by a dedicated tourist transportation network of battery buses and other modes of transport.
Other facilities required are related to provision of well researched site signage, interpretive materials, publications and guides as well as for nurturing and development of crafts industries of the Old City. As any growth in heritage tourism is dependent on conservation of the heritage resources, appropriate strategies for heritage management, area level conservation, and adaptive reuse of historic buildings, infrastructure provision and up gradation are essential. A combination of strategies for economic & physical regeneration of heritage assets such as the Walled City of Shahjehanabad, historic urban villages and numerous heritage precincts are required which would ensure the continued relevance of the heritage in contemporary life as well as enhanced employment, educational & recreational opportunities.
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17.4.5 Education Sector Delhi is a Mecca for education with students from all over the country and overseas making it a preferred destination for higher studies. With over 187,000 students on the rolls of its nearly 150 institutions of higher education, it churns out a large number of skilled and semi-skilled students every year. These provide the base for the growth of the industries in the city and its hinterland. However, with only 15 technical and 18 medical colleges the effective output of highly skilled workforce is only a fraction of the requirements. The city and its hinterland (NCR) are poised to be one of largest conglomeration of professional services in the World, due to the globalization of services and the explosive growth potential it entails. This, along with the aspirations of its fast growing population, necessitates urgent expansion of the educational infrastructure in the city. The Govt. needs to allocate adequate land for undertaking a major expansion in the educational infrastructure at all levels so as to meet the above growth requirements. These projects could be undertaken by the GNCTD or by inviting the private sector to participate in the process. Common facilities of a high standard for research and development (laboratories, libraries etc) require to be put in place. Innovative systems, such as an independent accreditation system for universities in the city could be explored 17.5 STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
17.5.1 Strategy for Water Supply The following table presents an estimation of the gaps in water supply infrastructure: Table 17.1 : Gaps in water supply infrastructure Proposed Augmentation Required (already planned by DJB)
S. No Infrastructure Year Treated Water 2006 (MGD)
Available 715 MGD (installed cap.= 790) 940 MGD on completion of augmentation works (indicated by DJB)
Shortfall
1.
2011
2021 Water Storage 2006 Capacity (MG) 2011
940 MGD
2.
175 MG 329 MG
275 MGD 990 MGD (140 MGD Sonia Vihar WTP included ) 20+40 new WTPs + 45 MGD by recycling of 1140 MGD process water at the 200 MGD existing WTPs+ Tube wells etc Construction & augmentation in WTP 1380 MGD capacity depends on the 440 MGD construction of New Dams 277 100 MG MG* approx 329 MG Augmentation proposed Nil ** to achieve 35% storage Subject to
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capacity
2021
329 MG
483 MG
achievemen t of targetted augmentatio n Nil Subject to Augmentation achievemen proposed to achieve 35% t of storage capacity targetted augmentatio n 1,616 kms
3.
Distribution 2006 Network (kms) 2011 2021
10, 000 kms 11,250 kms 11,250 kms
11,616 kms*** 12,396 kms 13,800 kms 250 kms of bulk mains and some 1000 kms of distribution mains .
1,146 kms 2,550 kms
(*) Based on 35% of installed WTP capacity (**) 399 MG (for 1140 MGD ) (***) Urban Area of Delhi in 2006 is approx. 774 sq. Kms. Distribution network estimated @ 15 R. Kms (bulk and branch) per Sq. Kms of urban area ()Water mains in unauthorised colonies to be laid on payment of development charges subject to technical feasibility
The key issue in water supply in Delhi currently is the inordinately high level of Unaccounted for Water. While the per capita availability of water is sufficient to meet the requirements of the present day population, its management and distribution are such that up to 42 % of the water produced goes unaccounted for as much as 40% due to losses in transmission and distribution. Moreover, distribution is skewed, both within and between zones from a bare minimum of 29 LPCD to a maximum of over 500 LPCD. To improve the satisfaction level of consumers it is thus necessary / critical to take effective and urgent steps for reduction of losses in a time bound manner, and enhance the management of water supply. A series of projects have been proposed to this effect, including revamping and up-gradation of the internal water distribution network; a comprehensive leak detection study; and construction of UGRs and BPSs in different parts of the city in order to equalize distribution. For the DJB to know correctly the quantity of water produced, and distributed, and isolate areas of loss, metering at the WTP for incoming and outgoing supplies, and supplies to various UGRs is a necessity, and has been proposed. It is anticipated that the proposed GIS mapping of the water supply network will improve management efficiencies considerably. While the city is currently well placed with respect to sources of supply, it will become necessary to augment these in the medium to long term. For this purpose, 20 high yield tube wells in the floodplains of river at Palla are proposed to be constructed, and the up gradation of Chandrawal Water Works and Construction of 8 MGD recycling plant at Chandrawal Water Works is proposed to be taken up. Supporting projects, such as new WTPs are also proposed. In addition, it is proposed to embark on the construction of storage
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facilities in the upper reaches of river Yamuna so that the allocated water as per MOU between the basin states is uniformly available throughout the year2. This will address long term requirements. The water supply network needs to be extended to currently uncovered areas. Also, in order that pricing of water supplied may reflect the costs of treatment, storage and distribution, rates will have to be revised. However, prior to this, both supply, as well as response to customer problems has to be improved. Revamping of the Customer Care Services, in order to enable greater customer access to the service provider has been proposed. Moreover, it is anticipated that bulk metering as proposed above, coupled with improvements in energy consumption and effective metering at the consumers end will facilitate proper revenue audits and promote a healthy financial status of the DJB. Projects proposed under the water sector can thus be categorized under three strategies: to address water losses in transmission and distribution; and enhance overall management of distribution Augmentation of water supply from 790 to 919 MGD Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost recovery mechanisms.
Table 17.2: Delhi Master Plan 2021 (MPD-2021) estimates of water requirements Norm Quantum (in gpcd) Potable 30 Quantum Source for Non (in gpcd) Potable water Non Potable 20 Recycling and permissible GW extraction at community level Non Domestic 5 (@Non Domestic 30 gpcd Irrigation,horticulture recreational,Construction, Fire ( @ 6.75 lpcd ) Public-semi public, 5 Industrial,Commercial Total ( @ 80 gpcd ) 35 25 10 15 45 Recycling from STPs and permissible GW extraction Recycling from CETPs
Domestic (@50 gpcd)
The Plan has split the water requirement in two parts: potable and nonpotable as 35 & 45 GPCD respectively, with the proviso that
Presently 580 MCM water is allocated during July - Oct out of a total annual allocation of 724 MCM.
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In the existing areas till the arrangement of non potable water is made, potable water shall be supplied. For urban extensions and areas under development schemes, these norms are recommended with necessary provisions. This entails laying a dual water supply system. If this is to be undertaken, it may require laying of around 15,000 kms of network requiring very high financial outlay. DJB is considering to have dual pipe system in a few new colonies as well as planned colonies and has provided a sum of Rs 30 crores in the draft 11th Five Year Plan. This has not been repeated for in the CDP. No further mention, in terms of strategies or projects to bridge the gap in availability and requirement, is made in the Plan document. 17.5.2 Strategy for Sewerage Table 17.3 Estimated gaps in sewerage infrastructure S. NoInfrastructure Year Available Required Proposed Shortfall Augmentation (already planned by DJB) 287.6 MGD
1.
Sewage Treatment 2006 Capacity (MGD) 2011
512.4 MGD
800 MGD
2021
2.
Conveyance Network (kms)
2006 2011 2021
210.6 MGD 912 MGD 189 MGD 701.4 MGD (512.4 + 189 Estimated at 80% ( As per DJB 11th (940of water five year plan, 701.4 ) MGD ) (**) on completion requirement in 2007 - 2012. 2011(*) of augmentation works. Capacity to be 402.6 MGD 701.4 MGD 1104 MGD Estimated at 80% raised of water commensurate requirement in with augmentation in water supply 2021 7016 kms 185 kms 6831.54 kms approx (Internal sewers & Trunk sewers 6831.54 R. Kms 8264 R. Km (***) 1432.46 kms approx. 6831.54 + 250 9200 R. Kms. +600 = 7681.54 R. Kms 1518.46 kms Further augmentation in approx. sewer network depends upon changes in policy for laying sewers in unauthorised colonies
* While the availability of treated water supplied by DJB will be less than this, it is assumed that use of ground water by individuals will be resorted to, to meet shortage in water supply
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** A sum of Rs 700 crores is proposed in the CDP for augmentation in STP capacity. This is sufficient to construct 350 MGD cap. of STPs *** Urban area of Delhi in 1999 was 701.6 sq. Kms. It is proposed to be 920 sq. Kms in 2021, a total increase of 218.4 Sq. Kms over 21 years, or an annual increase of 10.4 Sq. Kms. In 2011, the urban area will be approx. 826.4 sq. Kms. Sewerage requrement (trunk as well as branch) has been estimated @ 10 R. Km / sq. Km As and when work will be taken, it will be against depositing of development charges by the beneficiaries.
Currently, 512.6 MGD capacity of sewage treatment is available in the STPs existing at 17 locations. However the cumulative inflow at the STPs is only 346 MGD3, due to short-comings in the conveyance network. City sewage is often discharged into storm water drains, since sewers even where available - are heavily silted. This balance sewage is discharged in to the river and is a cause of pollution of River Yamuna. It is thus critical to rehabilitate the conveyance network trunk and other sewers in order to ensure optimal utilization of the installed treatment facilities. Rehabilitation of trunk sewers in walled city area, north & west districts has been proposed, as well as the refurbishment of SPSs and revamping and up-gradation of internal sewers. In addition, about 60 per cent of the population in the outer areas, urban villages and unauthorized areas are not covered by the sewerage network. The sewage from these areas and inner city areas also finds its way into the River. Provision of sewer network in currently inhabited, but un-sewered, areas is thus the second priority. This is not only necessary for the health of Delhi-ites but also of people residing in downstream reaches of the river, like Faridabad, Mathura, Agra etc. Increased coverage of the conveyance system will call for the augmentation of sewage treatment capacity to meet the entire generation of sewage present day sewage generation in the city is estimated at 800 MGD as against existing treatment capacity of 512 MGD. DJB is proposing the immediate augmentation of sewage treatment by 100 MGD by 2009. There are 1432 un-authorized colonies where sewers cannot be provided as per High Court orders. This however is leading to pollution of river Yamuna, and it is proposed that the present policy be reviewed, as part of the pollution abatement effort. Another 1080 JJ Clusters are also adding to pollution on account of generation of wastewater. As per prevailing policy sewers cannot be laid in such areas. This policy also calls for a review, subject to the overall policy on slum settlements in the city. Projects proposed to improve sewerage in the city are thus presented under the following strategies: Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage --abatement of pollution Provision of sewer network in un-sewered areas Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity
Out of this, the 72 MGD STP at Keshopur is not performing to standards. Thus in effect only 346 - 72 = 244 MGD sewage is being treated.
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As per draft MPD-2021, the projected requirement for Sewage treatment is 1328 MGD. The MPD-2021 further states By the year 2021 entire Delhi should be served by regular sewerage system in a phased manner. It is recommended that recycling plants of treated waste water and a plan for recycling of treated waste water to meet non potable water needs and conveyance system has to be laid to carry treated waste water from STPs to the areas for alternative uses As a result, DJB is contemplating to set up three treatment plants, each of capacity not less than 3 MGD, to treat sewage using membrane technology / RO technology at the STPs at Okhla, Papankalan and Rithala. The treated water would be supplied to potential customers (in the command area of the plants), for non-human consumption uses; use in household toilets; for cooling purposes in power plants, hospitals etc.; thereby effecting economy in use of potable water. Rs. 45 crores has been proposed in the Draft Five Year Plan (2007 -12) for the construction of these plants at the three locations mentioned above. This has not been repeated in the CDP.
17.5.3 Strategy for Solid Waste Management Table17. 4: Estimated gaps in SWM infrastructure S. No 1. Infrastructure Year Available Expected Shortfall Proposed / Required (as per Augmentation ULB generation (By itself) of SW Under PPP (MCD has privatized collection and transportation in 6 out of 12 zones. The balance zones are also under consideration for privatization. It is envisaged that gaps in these aspects will be met by the private sector in such a manner that required performance criteria are met. - do - do - do -
2.
3.
2006 SWM Collection Facilities (Dhalaos / binsetc. or total capacity available) 2011 2021 2006 SWM Transportation facilities (No. of trucks or total capacity available) 2011 2021 SWM 2006 Treatment Facilities (TPD) as % of generation 2011
- do - do 975 TPD 6800 (MSW - 975 to 1075 5780 TPD 5000 + C&D TPD (14.33%) composting 1800) composting facility facility 4975 TPD (MSW 3975 + C&D 1000) (55%) 9000 TPD (MSW - 6600 + C&D 2400) 4050 TPD (38% MSW, 58% C&D)
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2021
4.
SWM 2006 Disposal Facilities (TPD) as % of generation and treated waste 2011
2021
2700 TPD (provided above indicated processing facilities for MSW and C&D waste can be set up and made operational) 25% of 4800 TPD (do-) generation, provided the proposed site at Bhatti Mines or any other equivalent landfill space is available
Processing capacity to be increased to take care of total generation through PPP 5400 TPD in open dumps (79.5%) (closure, capping and landscaping of these open dumps recommended) 30% of total generation including processing rejects
16000 TPD (MSW 11800 + C&D 4200)
New facility to be developed to augment capacity
5825 (in case 975 TPD is actually processed)
nil
nil
The key issues in Delhi with respect to solid waste management are: Efficient service delivery (collection and removal of garbage, construction and demolition debris and other types of waste, street sweeping etc.) leading to clean surroundings and feeling of well being amongst the citizens. Appropriate disposal of waste in conformity with the applicable rules; and most importantly, Strategy for reducing land requirement
Among the above, the most important concern currently is reduction in land requirement for disposal. In the absence of adequate land, the three landfill sites are being over-used, resulting in adverse environmental conditions in the
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surrounding areas. As per the present situation, Delhi is actually in a very serious situation with respect to land required for processing and disposal of solid waste. The strategies for reducing land requirement would be to maximize appropriate treatment of different waste streams, in order to reduce volumes of waste requiring being land-filled. It is proposed that the use of existing and proven technologies be maximized for this purpose, as well as new technologies are introduced, as elaborated below: The existing composting facilities may be re-engineered, revitalized and capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support Additional facilities for waste processing, including composting, and other processing technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed (for example, dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived fuel) Processing and disposal facilities be developed for construction and demolition debris starting with pilot facilities
In addition to this, a massive and sustained campaign encouraging people to consciously reduce waste and segregate at source to facilitate waste processing would have to be undertaken. In order to mitigate adverse impact to the environment, the immediate development of new sanitary landfills at identified sites (Jaitpur, Narela Bawana and Bhatti Mines in that order) is proposed. Alongside this, the closure, capping and landscaping of existing dump-sites would have to be undertaken. This would have to be accompanied by a plan for disposal of waste during the intermittent period, before new sanitary landfills are commissioned and actually operated. Improvement of service delivery is critical in ensuring that quality of the environment in the city is maintained. In order to build this, sustained training for all the municipal staff as well as staff of any private operator involved in waste management for their capacity building and planning capability, has also been proposed Thus the two key strategies in solid waste management can be summarized as under; Maximizing effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery
The MPD 2021 makes the following recommendations with respect to solid waste management in the city (14.6, pages 110-111)
Processing of MSW and recycling of construction and demolition debris (C&D) has been emphasized upon to minimize landfill space requirement
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Reservation of land for processing and disposal of solid waste in the Zonal Plans suggested The quantum of generation has been estimated, and
The CDP is in tune with the MPD 2021 in all of the above respects. 17.5.4 Strategy for Drainage Table 17.5. Estimated gaps in drainage infrastructure S. Infrastructure No 1. Year Available Required Proposed Augmentation (already planned by ULB) Shortfall
2.
Total existing 2006 length of drains (kms) natural plus man made Drains in need of 2006 rehabilitation Additional required drains 2011
25000 km deemed sufficient 100 kms Remodeling and refurbishing of 17 major drains by MCD (ongoing) Master Plan for drainage to cover additional areas under preparation Tentative, would be finalized from the Master Plan
none
Nil
3.
25250 kms
deemed sufficient
Nil
2021
25250 kms
3000 kms
3000 kms
Note: In the absence of reliable information, the above figures are based on estimates by the MCD.
The key issues in drainage are: Lack of comprehensive planning and maintenance due to multiple agencies in the city looking after storm water drainage MCD, DJB and PWD. Combined storm water drains and sewer drains, mostly as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer drains Neglect of the natural drainage basins and systems leading to water logging and even flooding Lack of coordination in planning and construction of roads and drains
In order to address the above, it is proposed that a comprehensive study of the storm drainage situation be undertaken. The last Master Plan for drainage was prepared in 1977, and still remains to be implemented. The study should be followed by comprehensive planning in a way which also addresses the interrelationship with sewer lines so that the independent identity of each is maintained. A long term planning for 30 years slotted into 5-year phases needs to be done. A detailed project report (DPR) needs to be prepared based on the study, which would then be considered for implementation
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Creation of an appropriate authority to deal with the sewer drains, the storm water drains and the natural drainage basins of the NCT area. This authority should have a well equipped planning and design wing. Short-term repair and de-silting of all the drains on emergency basis Revival of the Natural drains on the line of South Delhi Greenways Project (proposed for Barapulla drain, which contributes to 3.69% of discharge into river Yamuna in the Delhi stretch) After commissioning and monitoring the functioning of the above project for Barapulla drain, a similar study should be made in the medium term for Najafgarh drain, which is by far the largest contributor in terms of discharge into river Yamuna (51.75%)
MPD- 2021 makes mention of the following with respect to drainage (14.4, pages 107-108)

Drainage to be integral part of road development plan A proper database to be prepared and GIS based mapping and planning be promoted Development of sub-wells under flyovers for trapping storm water Pump houses in low-lying areas should be provided Remodeling of selected drains
The approach of the CDP has integrated the above points. 17.5.5 Strategy for Traffic and Transport Of the various issues identified in the sector, those related to the public transport system are most critical. The public transport system in Delhi currently captures only 60% of the total trips made. As a result, private modes of transport have been increasing at a rapid pace, leading to increasing congestion, parking problems and air pollution. The share of the public transport system needs to be substantially augmented in order to account for 80% of trips, at least. This can happen with citywide coverage of public transport available from origin to destination with minimum interchanges. Keeping in view the travel demand and available right of way, an integrated multi modal public transport network is proposed for development in Delhi, which would include the high capacity metro rail , light rail transit , mono rail, bus system and IRBT systems. Metro corridors and IRBT corridors form a part of the existing work in progress, while the feasibility report for other corridors is in progress. Vehicular emissions account for 67 % of the air pollution in Delhi. IT is further notable, that 2/3irds of the vehicles in the city are two-wheelers, operated on two-stroke engines, and carrying 1 2 passengers. It is felt that cycles and cycle rickshaws can play an important role in reducing levels of pollution. Corridors with high usage of these modes need to be identified and developed to provide safe movement of these modes which can be very effective in short distance trips along sub arterial roads, local roads and
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along major transport corridors near industrial nodes. The CDP identifies a few areas for development in order to promote these modes of transport. More than 60 % of daily trips in the city have at least one part of the journey as pedestrian. Pedestrians are most vulnerable road users, and their safe movement is of paramount importance and needs to be given priority on road. Proposals for strengthening of foot-paths, and development of foot over bridges have been included in list of projects. The road network accounts for about 21% of the total area, which is above average of 12 to 15 % for urban areas. This translates into a road density of 19.2 Km. per Sq. Km (for 1483 sq. kms); and 38 kms per Sq. Km, considering the current urban area of 750 sq. National Urban Transport Policy ( NUTP ) kms. Being already on the high side, this limits the potential for As per the directives of the GOI- MOUD- UT increase in road length. The the various proposals for urban transport overall approach is thus to being prepared under JNNURM should increase the effective use of the comply with NUTP in order to be eligible available road network -- it is felt for Central Govt. funding. that the available infrastructure The focus of NUTP is on the following should be utilized optimally to strategies : 1. Equitable allocation of road space with ease the traffic on the roads in people as focus Delhi. The emphasis has to be on 2. Priority to the use of Public Transport peripheral roads and roads in the 3. Integrated public transport systems trans-yamuna area. There is also 4. Priority to non motorised transport a need for developing area level 5. Promote multilevel parking complexes traffic control systems and traffic 6. Create public awareness management plans to optimally utilize the available Delhi CDP priorities and projects have been infrastructure. A few additional identified based on above guidelines of roads required, included elevated NUTP. roads, and improvement of major intersections has been proposed. Proper management and regulation of parking spaces especially in and around the commercial centers is also important in this respect. There is also a need for devising measures to control the demand for parking as it is difficult to supply as per the increasing demand. Connaught Place and the walled city are important commercial centers as well as sites of heritage importance. To retain the character of these central business districts of the city, special schemes for redevelopment of these areas have been proposed. Delhi being a major trading center for the whole of North India, attracts a lot of regional visitors and goods traffic. In order to cater to these, development of decentralized passenger and goods terminals based upon directional needs of travel on the periphery of the city itself (so that inner parts of the city can be relieved of the traffic load) has been proposed. The overall goal of the proposals made in the CDP is to provide, promote and ensure safe, economic, and efficient movement of all categories of passenger and goods vehicles, with a focus on the provision of an environment friendly integrated multi modal transport system for Delhi urban area. In order to achieve this, projects have been proposed under the following broad strategies: Provision of safe and efficient public transport system
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Encouraging the use of non-motorized modes of passenger transport Equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians Efficient use of existing infrastructure removal of impediments including enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional needs Enhancement of Road Infrastructure Awareness and enforcement drives
Table 17.6 Integration of proposals contained in MDP-2021 with Strategies

for Transportation
MASTER PLAN REFERENCE Promote public transport through planning Develop Integrated Multi modal Public Transport System including, MRTS. LRT,HCBS, etc Give priority to the safety of pedestrians on the road. Optimal utilization of existing road network and full development of ROW Identification and Development of Urban Relief Roads Development of comprehensive parking policy. Provision of directional goods and passenger terminal. Create awareness enforcement and INCORPORATION INTO CDP (THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY) Capacity building of Public Transport system Projects A (i), (ii) and (iii) all recommended in MPD2021 Capacity building of Public Transport system Projects A (i), (ii) and (iii) all recommended in MPD2021 Provide Equitable Use of Space on Roads, and Priority to Pedestrians Project G (i) recommended in MPD-2021 Project G (ii) and (iii) Full Development of ROW of Roads Projects E (i) & (ii) as per MPD 2021 Recommendation Projects E (iii) E (vxx) Develop New Roads and Bridges as New Link Roads Projects C (iii) and (iv) as per MPD-2021 All projects under strategy Management and Creation of New Parking Areas Projects F(i) and (iii) Project F (ii) Development of Passenger and Goods Terminals based on Directional Needs Projects B (i) and (ii) - as per MPD-2021 Create Awareness and Enforcement Drives Projects J(i) and (iii) as per MPD-2021 J(ii)
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Specific Project recommendations (which have been incorporated under Various Strategy Heads in the CDP, among other relevant projects)
Under Strategy Head Prepare Special Intergated Schemes for ovement in CP and Old City Area i) Improvement Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including parking below inner circle iii) Pedestrianisation ( partial ) Chowk Area with heritage considerations Under Strategy Head Encourage Use of IPT and Nonmotorised Transport i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local Level roads and streets new areas and urban extensions (ii) Road improvements for use of cycle rickshaw in Karol Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans Yammuna Area
In addition to the above, the Master Plan also recommends the following: Expansion and strengthening of Ring rail and suburban rail system however, the planning and implementation of rail transport lies with railways dept. Quick and efficient transport network between NCR & NCT of Delhi this is already being implemented through schemes, as mentioned below: Faridabad Noida Gaziabad Kundli , or the Eastern Peripheral Expressway with a total length of 106 Km., being implemented by an SPV formed by NCRPB,MOUD, ILFS and State Govt. of Haryana , U.P. and Delhi. Palwal Manesar Kundli, or the Western Peripheral Expressway, being implemented by NHAI rail projects for commuter travel, identified as a part of regional rapid transit system. The priority corridors in the projects include Delhi-Palwal, Delhi Panipat, Delhi Gaziabad. Besides these, it is proposed to extend the metro corridors to NOIDA and Gurgaon to cater to the travel demand between Delhi and NCR towns. These projects are under various stages of implementation.
17.5.6 Strategy for Urban Heritage The City Development Plan recognizes the importance of the cultural and natural heritage of Delhi as a resource or as Cultural Capital Assets. These heritage resources, of great value, not only enrich and enliven the fabric of the contemporary city, contributing to its distinctive identity as a globally significant capital city through the ages, but also represent tremendous (and unutilized) latent potential for macro-level city environmental improvement, community level economic regeneration and revenue generation. The CDP puts forward a set of inter-related strategies for ensuring the integration of these invaluable cultural assets within the sustainable development process for Delhi, based on appropriate, participatory conservation programmes and comprehensive heritage management frameworks and plans. . The necessity for ensuring the continued, enhanced relevance of these heritage resources within the life of the community is recognized: the CDP strategies seek to ensure that the traditional links between the natural and cultural resources and the inhabitants are enhanced and strengthened, through
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primarily community based conservation processes, in order to improve Delhis environment. The overall vision for heritage management in the city can be stated as follows: To reintegrate the natural and cultural heritage of Delhi within the overall development planning process for Delhi, and to ensure environmental upgradation, enhancement of heritage significance and improvement of the quality of life within the historic areas in a defined time frame. This is to be achieved through supporting the development of sustainable heritage management systems and frameworks which ensure a synergy between the activities and responsibilities of various agencies entrusted with the heritage; initiating comprehensive and mutually supportive processes of conservation, restoration, adaptive reuse, environmental up-gradation, heritage tourism and awareness generation, heritage information management and capacity building which will result in the utilization of the latent potential of the heritage resources of Delhi. The following main strategies have been identified, and projects suggested under each: 1. Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation & Heritage Management 2. Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of heritage concerns within the development plans Master Plan, Zonal, SubZonal, Area Level 3. Area Level Conservation, revitalisation and Regeneration strategies which include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse, 4. heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community facilities, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development 5. Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation. The integration of the proposals contained in MDP-2021 into these strategies is presented in the table below. For specific project details, refer Annexure 17.1. Table 17.7: Incorporation of MPD- 2021 proposals into Strategy for Urban Heritage
MASTER PLAN REFERENCE Maintain and update a heritage database Develop organizational capacity for heritage management INCORPORATION INTO CDP (THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY) Development of an information Management System Project A(i) Capacity building and provision of technical support for conservation Project A.(ii) Establishment of a Self-Sustaining Technical Support Conservation Centre
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Projects B.(i) & B.(ii) 6 heritage zones, including the entire Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. Prepare guidelines for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage buildings HERITAGE ZONES Nizamuddin and Humayun's Tomb Complex. Mehrauli area Chirag Delhi. Lutyens Bungalow Zone Shahjahanabad i. Specific heritage complex within Walled City of Delhi, The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City of Shahjehanabad (Part Zones A & C), approved 1999 Implementing programmes for education and awareness Projects for area level conservation, revitalization and regeneration, prioritisation of identified heritage zones and precincts Adaptive reuse of buildings or precincts Heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation Projects C (i), C (II), D(i)
Projects C(iii), C(iv), C(v), C(vi a.), C(vi) b., C(vii), C(viii), C(ix) , D (i), D(ii), E(iv).
Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation activities. Reintegrating previously overlooked heritage components into thematic heritage tourism circuits Projects e(i) e(ii) Awareness generation Project e(iii)
17.5.7 Strategy for Environmental Management The unsustainable patterns of prolific urban growth, production and consumption have caused the tremendous deterioration in the natural environment of Delhi. Though endowed with ample natural resources, Delhi has brutally destroyed its bounty continuously. The damage is irreparable --- the only hope being to manage and rejuvenate depleted resources. This exercise of managing and systemizing has to be air tight and consistent without any scope for faltering. The overall strategy of aiming for environmental sustainability has to start with sound planning, designing, implementing, monitoring and rectifying. Therefore a robust and effective environmental management system has to be put in place with one coordinating authority having the overall responsibility. Although several studies, white papers and action plans have already been prepared by renowned authorities in Delhi, what glares starkly at the citizens of Delhi is the lack of implementation, enforcement and accountability of the programmes discussed repeatedly in these studies. All proposed programmes have to be time bound with strict monitoring and a single point responsibility and accountability.
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This broad strategy has to be complemented by initiatives at resource-use reduction, waste minimization and pollution prevention. While the degradation of forests and green cover has reduced over the last few years, many more efforts are required to conserve existing forests. Improved coordination amongst the several agencies responsible for the forest area is required. Encroachment of the forests and ridges is a serious concern and this can be regulated only by strict policing by the concerned authorities. A GIS database of natural resources in the city has been proposed in order to facilitate this. An issue of concern is the a complete lack of inventorisation of the flora and fauna of the city, and a study in order to document this has been proposed. Another area of concern is air pollution, which needs to be reduced in Delhi. The major contribution to the air pollution in the city is from the traffic pollution followed by industrial and then the domestic pollution. The reduction in air pollution measures are multi agency and would be linked to automobiles, power plants, domestic and commercial diesel generating sets, open burning, industrial operations and others. Indirectly this would be the responsibility of the automobile manufacturers, oil companies, generator manufacturers and others to incorporate designs and specifications which would reduce air pollution. Some of the major strategies for the reduction in the air pollution are: Vehicular emissions to adhere to the Euro Norms. Fuel quality specifications (unleaded petrol, reduction of sulphur in diesel, benzene in petrol) have to be followed Quality control on the lubricants Phasing out of old vehicles Further promotion of the usage of CNG Improvement in the quality of CNG like reduction of benzene Better roads and wider built up area of the roads. No kuchha road margins to reduce the dust emissions. Integrated multi transport system to reduce traffic congestions Better traffic control and stricter enforcement of P.U.C Ban on open burning of leaves, tyres, wood and other things Increase of greenery
Further augmentation of the continuous air pollution monitoring system is also proposed under the CDP. In terms of water pollution, the strategy focuses on reduction of surface water pollution mainly in the river Yamuna. This has been covered in the two Yamuna
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Action Plans. An effective time bound implementation of YAP II could achieve the required improvements. Lessons learnt from the YAP I should be included in the YAP II and the YAP III which is in the pipeline. YAP II has focussed on preparation of master plans and DPRs for the non point sources of pollution, including the dhobhi ghats, crematoria, dairy farms, slaughter houses and slum rehabilitation. Further augmentation of the plans and schemes under YAP II have been proposed under the CDP, including studies related to surface water bodies and recharge of ground water. Proposals for augmentation of ground water monitoring have also been proposed. Although there is a huge requirement for control and treatment of water, the city needs to practice cleaner best management practices to minimize water pollution and conserve water. For this community participation and creating awareness amongst the citizens is imperative. Awareness of the regulations relating to noise pollution in the city also has to be created and promoted amongst the citizens. Projects targeting both these areas have been included. If the overall environment of the city improves there would be decrease in the incidence of the disease related to the pollution. Awareness drives amongst the community, to adopt measures to keep their surroundings clean so that the incidence of diseases can be controlled, have also been proposed. Thus the main strategies, under which projects have been proposed, relate to: Outreach and capacity building Enhancement of forests and green cover Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution
Table 17.8: Integration of Proposals contained in MDP-2021 with Strategies for Environmental Management
MASTER PLAN REFERENCE i)Management of Natural Resources and the related environment infrastructure and services in a manner that would lead to optimization of use of natural resources, reduction/abatement of pollution ii) Conservation and Development of the natural features with a view to enhancing their environmental value iii) Protection of the Ridge iii) Development and preservation of open spaces, greens and landscape/recreational areas INCORPORATION INTO CDP (THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY) A Outreach and Capacity Building i) Create awareness for water conservation and the techniques, training programmes for the RWAs, display & promotional material & schools, hospitals, change institutions. B. Forest & Green Cover ii) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city. To include a complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna (iii) Protection of Delhi ridge iv) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city B. Forest & Green Cover i) South Delhi Greenway Project
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Air i) issue of air pollution River Yamuna Cleaning/ rejuvenation Yamuna
C. Mitigtion of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 9 web linked continuous air quality monitoring stations of River C. Mitigtion of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Action projects of the Master Plan for Dhobighats Sudhar Yojna under the YAP II. ii) Upgradation of the crematoria in the city to make them environmentally better (air pollution treatment equipment). Master plans under the YAP II to be implemented iii) River Front Development including walkways, recreation facilities, kiosks, water sports etc C. Mitigtion of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 2 water quality stations for monitoring and gauging. ii) rain water harvesting already a part of the building regulatory framework so not considered in CDP
Ground water i) quality 2) recharge through rain water harvesting
17.6
STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION TO THE URBAN POOR An estimation of housing gaps for the urban poor, as per the Draft MPD-2021, is presented in the tables below: S. No. 1. Table 17.9: Estimation of Housing Gaps MPD 2021 Estimation Number (in Lakh DUs) Additional Housing Stock Required (a): Housing for additional population 20.0 (b): Backlog* 4.0 Total 24.0 To be developed in NCR (20%) 4.8 New Housing (a): through redevelopment and upgradation 9.6 of existing areas of Delhi (40%) (b): through new housing areas (40%) 9.6 Total 19.2 Requirement of New Housing for the Urban 9.6 Poor (estimated at 50 %), 2001-2021 Annual Requirement of DUs for Urban Poor** .48
2. 3.
4. 5.
* Break-up: 1 lakh DUs net shortage; 3 lakh DUs dilapidated and kutcha structures requiring replacement ** Through slum and JJ housing, up-gradation of old traditional areas; employers and industrial housing; group housing; infills in unauthorized regularized colonies
Table 17.10: Indicative Description & Requirement of Housing Types for the Urban Poor S. Housing Type % of Proposed Annual No total as Development Requirement
17-24
1. 4. 5. 6.
proposed Agency in MPD2021 Slum and JJ 25 Public Agency, Private Agency, Co-op Society Employer Housing 4 Central / State Govt. Unauthorised 15 Co-op Society Regularised Infill Residents Assoc. Private Agency Public Agency, Other Housing 6 Private Agency, Areas, Upgradation Co-op Society of Old Areas, Traditional Areas, Villages TOTAL
(in DUs) 24,000 3,840 14,400 5,760
48,000
Notwithstanding the above, a review of the implementation levels of various Master Plans clearly reveals that the poor in the city have been consistently under-provided for in terms of shelter. Even targets that have been set by the development agency itself ---- on the basis of projections that have been far exceeded in reality --- have not been met even to the extent of 50 %. Several studies have established that the poor are an integral component of the city economy, providing goods and services that enable city functions to be carried out efficiently at costs that are lower than would otherwise be incurred. Studies reveal that up to 60 % of recent migrants are absorbed into the service sector of the citys economy, including trade, hotels and restaurants; transport and storage, and personal services. That they have to coexist in the city, with a dignified standard of living, and have to be provided for accordingly, was a fact recognized by all segments of stakeholders consulted in the process of preparing this CDP. Strategies for the urban poor proposed in the CDP are based on key observations and assumptions. Foremost among these is that the legal and formal integration of poorer segments of the population into city development will substantially enhance the economy and functioning of the city by virtue of stabilizing the provision of key services currently being provided by the poor required in the formal sectors of the economy. The provision of legal housing options plays a critical role in this respect. Furthermore, provision of legal housing options must be undertaken in a manner that treats the poor as a segment of the housing market with different needs and abilities, rather than as a special group, located outside the housing market, as the poor are currently viewed. Shelter options offered to this segment must thus be tailored to the needs and abilities (to pay) of the poor, with minimum required levels of subsidy (the cost of land will, in all probability, require to be subsidized to a fair extent). Strategies are also derived from the established fact that the poor are not a homogenous group, and vary widely in their requirements of shelter. This takes into account factors such as extent of consolidation in the city, location sensitivity, physical requirement, ability to pay as well as tenure security. Shelter options may vary from a single bed and locker in a dormitory for the
17-25
male migrant, to an independent unit. The ability to exercise choice, with a variety of options, is thus, important, in the success of any programme to provide shelter for all categories of the poor. Pricing, location, and tenure conditions are critical considerations: Price is an important factor to balance supply and demand4, determine extent of provision (in physical terms) and determine location. It is also noted that perceived security of tenure is accorded higher importance than ownership per se.
As a result, the approach to slums and JJ clusters, whether through in-situ redevelopment or relocation, without security of tenure and financial assistance has not resulted in improving the living conditions of poor in a sustained manner. Equally, the granting of outright ownership at a price below market value5 (with or without conditions) has also proven to be quite unsuccessful in most cases. The overall framework, on the basis of which strategies and projects have been elaborated, thus include To provide a range of shelter options to the urban poor --single rooms and dwelling units at various locations in the city. from beds,
To provide long term security of tenure, whether through ownership, or a long-term leasehold system (without a sub-clause). To link this to location (refer below) To maximize in-situ redevelopment of slum and JJ clusters currently existing in the city. Redevelopment would consist of G+1 and G+2 structures (flatted), with common, as well as individual infrastructure services. To offer the redeveloped units whether rooms, or flatted units on a leasehold basis. The terms of the lease agreement would require to be established on the basis of the upgrading programme. An option to buy the lease after 10 or 15 years could also be included, as has been so done in the Philippines National Slum Improvement Programme. Tenure will be common in the name of the cooperative, association of allottees or a managing trust. Forms of group tenure, collective tenure, cooperative tenure etc need to be looked into Tenure will be allotted in the joint name of the head of household and spouse Low cost housing within affordable range may be offered for accommodating some of the willing slum dwellers to reduce densities on slum site. Transit tenements to accommodate slum dwellers while in-situ up gradation work is taken up.
The laws of demand and supply put a constraint on demand at a given price. However, at a very low price, the demand will be infinite, and no amount of supply can match the demand. Price thus balances supply and demand of a specific housing option. 5 Representing a subsidy that the poor cannot sustain
17-26
To offer sites, on an outright purchase basis, at peripheral locations in the city, ensuring that these sites have adequate infrastructure and good connectivity to work areas in the city. Development of infrastructure may be incremental, in order to keep costs of development down. Under relocation the recovery may be subsidized, to limited extent, as compensatory measure for the price of displacement and subsequent rehabilitation. In case of in-situ development no such provision of subsidy should be provided to slum dwellers, who will be required to meet the cost of land as borne by the development agency, at the time of acquisition. The above two strategies (flats on lease hold basis in the city; and plots on ownership basis in the peripheral areas) are to be complemented by an ongoing provision of dwelling units for the poor, in order to meet projected demand. The cost and location of these should be sensitive to the requirements of the target group. Simultaneously, housing supply to other segments of the population should be stepped up in order to meet demand, to ensure that units meant for the poor remain within the segment. To enable private sector (including commercial entities, NGOs and trusts) participation in development of the options outlined above. With respect to in-situ rehabilitation, the private sector may be involved by offering part of the land for commercial development (on suitable sites). Alternatively, enhanced development rights may be offered to private parties at other sites, as incentive to undertake development for the in-situ redevelopment of sites occupied by slum dwellers (as has been done successfully in Mumbai). NGOs and trusts must be used as intermediaries to reach finance to the poor in the case of in-situ rehabilitation; and housing micro finance options must be developed in order to do the same for plotted developments on the city periphery. These issues are elaborated upon subsequently.
The emerging strategies are thus In-situ rehabilitation at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc. Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying locations, for outright purchase. Connectivity to work centers to be assured. Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or NGOs with government support Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies Reconstruction of government owned Katras in the walled city.
17-27
Annexure : 17.1
ANNEXURE : 17.1 INCORPORATION OF MASTER PLAN DELHI-2021 PROPOSALS INTO CDP

MASTER PLAN REFERENCE Maintain and update a database MPD 2021, in its section 10 on Conservation of Built Heritage mentions 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments, as well as lists of heritage buildings published by the MCD, NDMC and the State Department of Archaeology. Close coordination and cooperation is required from agencies such as the ASI, GNCTD State Department of Archaeology, NDMC, MCD, Cantonment Board and DDA Develop organizational capacity for heritage management INCORPORATION INTO / REFLECTED IN CDP (THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A(i) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage Information System integrated with overall land information management system.
MPD-2021 also identifies 6 Heritage Zones, including the entire Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. It states that each local body / land owning agency should formulate Special Development Plans for the conservation and improvement of listed heritage complexes and zones. Prepare guidelines for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage buildings
CAPACITY BUILDING AND PROVISION OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATION A.(ii) Capacity Building of employees of the departments involved in heritage conservation (iii) Provision for recording excavated remains and removal of artifacts to museums ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRE B.(i) Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage buildings as well as buildings located within designated heritage zones- Mehrauli and Shahjehanabad B.(ii) Ensuring Technical Support for conservation required for at area level AREA LEVEL CONSERVATION, REVITALIZATION AND REGENERATION PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS HERITAGE SENSITIVE INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION
A-17.1
Annexure : 17.1
Heritage Zones Nizamuddin and Humayun's Tomb Complex. Mehrauli area Chirag Delhi. Lutyens Bungalow Zone
i. Specific heritage complex within Walled City of Delhi, The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City, Shahjehanabad (Part Zones A & C), approved 1999, identifies 6 control zones as Conservation Areas, urban design interest areas, protected monuments and other buildings for conservation, and also suggests the preparation of area by area urban renewal plans.
Implementing programmes for education and awareness
C(i) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and heritage management plan- Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli; Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj (Development of heritage area) C(ii) Community based Heritage Management Plans for the Dargahs/ traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi (Development of heritage area) D (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in shikargahs in rural villages for provision of essential community facilities C(iii) Upgradation of open space structure along with urban landscape of the walled city (Regeneration of old inner city area) C(iv) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic components of the city with the Metro Stations (Regeneration of old inner city area). C(v) Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station C(vi a. Guidelines for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj C(vi) b. Revitalization of surroundings of Jama Masjid) C(vii)Restoration of Town hall and preparation of comprehensive heritage plan C(viii) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated heritage zones and precincts (Regeneration of old inner city area) C(ix) Revitalization of inner (Old) city area Shahjehanabad D (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and D(ii) Retrofitting of services and rationalisation of space utilisation in heritage buildings currently used for community purposes E(iv) Adaptive reuse of heritage hotel at Kashmiri Gate STRATEGIES FOR HERITAGE TOURISM, ENHANCED VISITOR EXPERIENCE AND REVENUE GENERATION, AND AWARENESS GENERATION ACTIVITIES. REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS
A-17.2
Annexure : 17.1
E(i) Development of thematic heritage tourism circuits as an integrated network with signage systems, heritage site linked interpretation centres/ site museums, tourist facilities, low speed circuit transport for tourists battery buses, bicycle tracks E(ii) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings including Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi AWARENESS GENERATION E(iii) Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children to form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi linked with curriculum of Delhi schools
A-17.3
Chapter 18 : Investment Framework
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 18 Investment Framework
CHAPTER - 18 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK

18.1 INTRODUCTION The investment options projects to achieve the long term vision and strategies are done based on the assessment of short, medium and long term strategies. The chapter has been divided in to two parts. Part A describes the sector wise projects and investments for Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance and Part-B describes the investments for Sub-Mission-2: Urban Poor and Housing. 18.2 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT OPTIONS
Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance

The sectors covered in Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance are (i) Water Supply; (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation; (iii) Storm Water Drainage; (iv) Road Network and Transport Projects; (v) Solid Waste Management Projects; (vi) Redevelopment of Core City Area; (vii) Heritage Conservation and (viii) Urban Governance. The investments to meet the normative requirement are presented below.
18.2.1 Water Supply

The water supply system in city has 50 per cent transmission and distribution losses and skewed inter & intra zone water distribution pattern. The strategies to overcome issues earlier are (i) Reduce Transmission and Distribution Loss (ii) Augmentation of Water Supply; and (iii) Efficiency in Service Delivery and cost recovery mechanism (Table 18.1). Table 18.1: Investment Options-Water Supply (2021)
Medium Term Long Term Grand Investments Investments Strategy/Project Total (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE A) REDUCE TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT (i) Revamping and upgradation of internal water distribution 75 75 network and pumping stations (ii) Coverage of new 25 30 50 105 colonies in outer areas of city (iii) Interlinking of WJC with Wazirabad pond Laying of 2000 mm dia 187 187 pipeline for supply of raw from WJC to Wazirabad pond (iv) Supply and 30 10 2 42
Short Term Investments (2007-12)
18-1
Strategy/Project
Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE
Grand Total
Installation of Bulk and Consumer Meters (v) Modernization and up 20 gradation of laboratory (vi) Leak Detection Study 1 (vii) Energy Efficiency 2 Study B) AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD (i) Construction of New Water Treatment Plants (a) 31 MGD Iron removal 696 Plan (b) 20 MGD WTP at Okhla (c) 40 MGD WTP at Dwarka (ii) Construction of 21 Nos. High Yield Tube wells 1 in flood plain area of river Yamuna (iii) Upgradation of Water 35 Works- Chandrawal (iv) Construction of 250 UGRs/BPS in Various Part of Delhi (v) Construction of 8 MGD recycling plants 20 Chandrawal (vi) To Connect UGR with Plants transmission lines 200 of varying size-250kms (vii) Construction of 1 MGD WTP at common wealth games village 20 along with arrangement of raw water (To be achieved by 2009) (vii) Explore Raw Water 50 Resources, the surcharge of aquifers C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND COST RECOVERY MECHANISM (i) Revamping DJB Customer Care Services Installation of system 20 software for billing and customer information GRAND TOTAL IN Rs 1632 130 122 CRORE
20 1 2
696
1 35 250 20 200
20
50
20
1884
18.2.2 Sewerage System

Around 60 per cent population in outer areas, urban villages, unauthorized areas are not covered by the sewerage network. The sewage from these areas and inner city areas find it is way into the storm water drainage. The strategies
18-2
to improve the sewage disposal system in the city are (i) Extension and Up gradation of sewerage network; (ii) Provision of Sewer Network in unsewered area; (iii) Augmentation of Sewage Treatment Capacity. Table 18.2 presents the investment options for sewerage system. Table 18.2: Investment Options-Sewerage System (2021)
Long Term Medium Term Grand Investments Investments Strategy/Project Total (2017-21) (2012-2017) RS IN CRORE A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR INTERCEPTING SEWAGE TO CONVEY TO STPS-POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION (i) Revamping and up gradation of internal sewerage network 125 125 including replacement of Old Sewer line (ii) Refurbishment of 20 20 Sewage Pumping Stations- 6Nos (iii) Rehabilitation of Trunk Sewers in walled city area, north and 450 450 west districts excluding trunk sewer under YAPII B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UNSEWERED AREA (I) Provision of Sewer in left out portion of 120 120 colonies and rural villages (ii) Laying of 250km of trunk sewer network to 75 75 cater to uncovered area (regular colonies) (iii) Provision of Sewerage Network in 45 45 30 urban villages Short Term Investments (2007-12) (iv) Provision of Sewerage Network in 400 935 Unauthorized colonies (v) Diverting the sewer from uncovered area by constructing Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) 100 Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi extn, Preet vihar, Yamuna vihar and Jivan vihar (vi) Laying of trunk 70 sewers C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPCITY (i) Construction of New 700 STPs (Refer iii) (ii) Construction of 150 Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited
935
2270
100
70 700 150
18-3
Strategy/Project Sewage Pumping Stations (Refer iii) (iii) Laying of Trunk Sewers (Interceptor along drain) TOTAL
Grand Total
500 2755
500 1435
500 1435
1500 5625
18.2.3 Road Network and Transportation System

The strategies for improvement of road network and transportation system of the city are (i) safe and efficient public transport system; (ii) encourage use of intermediate public transport and non-motorised passenger transport; (iii) equitable use of space on roads, and priority to pedestrians; (iv) efficient use of existing infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities (v) redevelopment of Connaught Place and the Walled City Areas as special areas (vi) development of passenger and goods terminals based on directional needs (vii) enhancement of road infrastructure(viii) undertake awareness and enforcement drive. Table 18.3 presents the investment options for sewerage system.
Table 18.3: Investment Options-Transport System and Road Network (2021)
Short Term Investments (2007-12) Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE Grand Total
Strategy/Project
A. CAPACITY BUILDING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM i) Developing Light Rail Transport 2800 2320 800 System 74 km ii) Developing Monorail System 48 2400 1440 km iii) High Capacity Bus System 294 1305 420 2685 km. B. DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER AND GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS i) Development of Interstate Bus Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka, 50 25 Holambi Kalan and Tikri Kalan ii) Integrated Freight Complex at Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur and 50 100 100 Narela C. DEVELOP NEW LINK ROADS AND BRIDGES AS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES i) East-West Corridor from Rajghat 120 300 to Panjabi Bagh-12km ii) North-South Corridor from 125 350 Majnu ka tila to Daula Kaun-15km iii) Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to Outer Ring Road along Disused 30 20 Western Yammuna Canal iv) Sarita Vihar Intersection on Mathura Road to Okhla industrial 30 Areas v) Development of elevated ring 300 2000 road vi) Elevated section over Outer 200 250 Ring road- NH 1 ( Mukerba Chowk)
5920 3840 4410
75
250
300 425 2300 -
720 900 50 30 4600 450
18-4
Strategy/Project
Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE 400 400 200 250 400 400 200 250
Grand Total
to wazirabad 7.5 Km. vii) Outer Ring Road Link from 200 Okhla to Wazirabad 13 km. viii) Missing Link of Outer Ring Road from NH 8 to Janakpuri 200 through Cantonement Area 13Km. ix) Wazirabad Signature Bridge 464 over river Yamuna x) Geeta Colony Bridge over river 125 Yamuna xi) Master plan road over disused Canal between Shastri Park and 120 Karkari More xii) Ring road bypass from Salim 100 Garh Fort to Velodrome road xiii) Link road from NH 24 to Lodhi 60 road (Tunnel Bypass) E. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD i) Traffic Management and Area Traffic Control schemes at all 50 Grade Separators and prominent commercial areas ii) Improvement of road corridors 500 spread over Delhi 251.40 km. iii ) Corridor improvement plan for Mehrauli Gurgaon Road 174 (connecting Andheri Morh to DelhiHaryana Border) iv) Beautification of roads for 750 Commonwealth Games v) Flyover at Mukerba Chowk 195 vi) Grade Seperator at Azadpur 154 vii) Three Flyovers between IIT & 247 NH 8 on Outer Ring Road viii) Flyover at Naraina 125 ix) Bridge over Neela Hauz ( Aruna 47 Asaf Ali Marg x) Flyover at Mangolpuri Chowk on 31 Outer Ring Road xi) Behera Enclave underpass on 55 Outer Ring Road xii) Flyover at Nagloi on NH 10 78 xiii) ITO Chungi 4 no.s 74 cloverleaves and underpass xiv) RUB connecting road no. 58 32 and 64 xv) Grade Separator at Shastri 65 Park xvi) Flyover at Apsara border on 88.5 G.T.Road xvii) Grade Separator at intersection of Raja Ram Kohli 97 Marg & Pusta Road xviii) Grade separator at Shastri 83 Park Pushta Road Intersection xix) Flyover on Road no 56 ( ISBT Anand Vihar ) & NH 24 ( Gazipur 150 drain ) xx) ROB on Road No. 63 level 34 crossing
1000 1000 464 125 120 500 560
1014 300 -
1000 -
50 2514 174 750 195 154 247 125 47 31 55 78 74 32 65 88.5 97 83 450 34
18-5
Strategy/Project
xxi) UP link road clover leaf 200 xxii) ROB at G.T.Road near Shyam 85 Lal College xxiii) BSZ DDU I.P.Marg Flyover 100 Xxiv) Grade separator along Rani Jhansi Road between Baraf Khana 178 Chowk and Bara Hindu Rao Chowk xxv) ROB at Samaipur Badli Level 40 Crossing on Auchandi Road xxvi) Construction of 250 flyovers/underbridges at various level crossing sites. F. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA i) Construction of Multi-Level 100 Parking in Delhi ii) Parking management & 15 Regulation at 10 prominent locations iii) Construction of underground 50 parking in residential areas
Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE 100 250 -
Grand Total 200 85 200 178 40 500
250 -
250 -
600 15 50
G. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS i) Strenthening and improvement of footpaths along major arterial roads 100 50 150
ii)Construction of foot over bridges/ subways at ten critical locations iii) Modernisation of Street lighting
10 125
10 125
H. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA i) Improvement Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, 3 Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including 20 parking below inner circle iii) Pedestrianisation (partial) Chowk Area with heritage 10 considerations iv) Provisions of subways at nine locations in outer circle of 18 Connaught Place v) Developing Underground Parking at Connaught Place, Super Bazar, Mayur bhawan, Shivaji Terminal as 50 100 part of redevelopment of Connaught Place vi) Corridor improvement of S.P 75 Mukherjee Marg vii) Traffic management plan for 188 areas around proposed Civic Center near Minto Road I. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED TRANSPORT (Including cycles and cycle rickshaws) i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at SubArterial & Local Level roads and 15 50 50 streets new areas and urban 3
20 10 18
150
75 188 PASSENGER 115
18-6
Strategy/Project
Grand Total
extensions Ii Road improvements for use of cycle rickshaw in Karol 30 Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans Yammuna Area iii) Devlopment of Cycle Tracks in along major transport corridor 100 near industrial nodes at seven routes J. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE i) Public awareness and enforcement drive 3 ii) User Information System for transport systems iii) Registration and Training of Transport Operators/drivers TOTAL 10 3 13486.5
20
50
100
20 10629
30 9190
3 60 3 33305.5
18.2.4 Storm Water Drainage

The storm water drainage system in city is supported by 350km of natural drains and 1700km of manmade drains. On the basis of topographical characteristics and existing drainage network of city has been divided into five drainage basins namely Najafgarh, Alipur, Shahdara, Khushak nallah and Mehrauli. Three pronged strategy to improve the drainage system of city: (i) Comprehensive study ofdrainage systems; (ii) Short Term Improvement Measures (iii) Revival, waste water treatment and landscaping of the main drains (table 18.4).The projects needs to be implemented for improvement of city drainage system are presented in Table 18.5. Table 18.4 : Cost of Drainage Revival and Management(Based on Estimated BOD Load)
S. No. Drain Approximate Cost of Term Wastewater Treatment (short / medium / long term) (Rs Crores) 30.00 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.20 1.50 0.45 0.05 3.00 2.50 6.00 0.21 4.50 S M M M M M M M M M M M M
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Najafgarh Drain Magazine Road Drain Sweepers Colony Drain Khyber Pass Drain Metcalf House Drain ISBT Drain Tonga Stand Drain Moat Drain Civil Mill Drain Delhi Gate Drain Sen Nursing Home Drain Drain No. 12A Drain No. 14
18-7
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
Barapulla Drain Maharani Bagh Drain Kalkaji Drain Tehkhand Drain Tughlaqabad Drain Shahdara Drain Sarita Vihar Drain Drain at LPG Bottling Plant Drain near Sarita Vihar Bridge Total
3.50 5.00 0.18 0.42 0.22 12.00 8.00 0.80 4.00 83.43
S M M M M M M M M
Cross section modification cost = ~ 0.12 Crores / Km (in addition to treatment cost)For 400 km total length of these drains, the cost for cross section modification, as per above rate Rs. 48 crore, Grand total Rs. 131.43 crore, (say Rs. 132 crore) Table 18.5: Investment Options-Storm Water Drainage System (2021)
Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments Strategy/Project (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM i) Comprehensive study and GIS based drainage mapping and planning 10 for all drainage systems within the NCT of Delhi B. SHORT IMPROVEMENT MEASURES i) Remodeling of drains 42 40 40 having outfall into Yamuna ii) Provision of outfall 15 treatment plants at outfall drains-15 Nos. iii) Repair and Desilting of Drainage Network20 12 20 2100km iv) Provision of Pump houses in low lying 5 5 5 areas with power backup v) Augmentation of 40 48 40 storm water drainage C. REVIVAL AND MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK i) Revival and landscaping of major drains (on the line of 54 78 South Delhi Greenways project) ii) Design of Check dams and depressions 20 10 10 for Ground Water Recharge iii) Pilot project on Sub 25 10 10
Grand Total
10
122 15
52
15 128
132
40 45
18-8
Strategy/Project wells to be developed under flyover for trapping rainwater TOTAL
Grand Total
231
203
125
559
18.2.5 Solid Waste Management

The strategy for reducing land requirement, improvement in service delivery and environment would be: (i) maximize waste processing with appropriate and proven technologies; (ii) The existing composting facilities may be reengineered, revitalized and capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support to process 1075 tons per day; (iii) Closure, capping and landscaping of existing dump-sites along with a plan for disposal of waste during the intermittent period before new sanitary landfills are commissioned and actually operated and (iv) New facilities of waste processing including composting of 1500 TPD and other processing technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed (for example, dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived fuel). The strategy wise projects to provide for better waste management are presented in Table 18.6.
Table 18.6: Investment Options-Solid Waste Management System (2021)

Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments Strategy/Project (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS IN DELHI (i) Revival & Reengineering of Compost Plants at 14 20 Okhla with New Plant; Machinery and Equipment (MCD+NDMC) (ii) Bhalsawa & Tikri Khurd Compost PlantAdditional 3 hectare land required and complete renewal of 9 20 the compost pad area and augmentation of Plant and Machinery (MCD+APMC) B. CLOUSURE, CAPPING AND LANDSCAPING OF EXISTING LANDFILLS (i) Re-grading, Closure, Capping, LFG extraction and 109 Collection, Peripheral drain, internal roads, landscaping etc-Okhla,
Grand Total
34
29
109
18-9
Strategy/Project
Grand Total
Ghazipur and Bhalsawa C. PROPOSED WASTE PROCESSING FACILITIES (i) 2000 TPD C&D Waste processing plant 25 at Ghumman Hera and Burari (ii) Compost Plant of 1500 TPD at Ghumman 43 Hera, Narela-Bawana (iii) Waste to Energy plant at Okhla and 100 Timarpur D. PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL SITES (i) Development of Landfill sites at Jaitpur, Narela-Bawana 272 and Bhatti Mines-138 Hectare E. OTHER PROJECTS (i) Mechanical Street 7 Sweeper-10 Nos (ii) IEC awareness 5 programme (iii) Training of Staff and Workers (52000) as part of Training of Trainers programme (iv) Pilot Projects for Ragpickers for making them function in organized manner in Old City area; North Campus, East Delhi; West Delhi and South Delhi-17 Nos (v) Study for Quantification and Development of management model for E-waste in City vi) Pilot project for processing and disposal of e-waste TOTAL 5
10
30
65
10 20
50 100
103 220
208
200
680
3 5
75
17 15
15
0 593
25 289
0 440
25 1322
18.2.6 Heritage and Conservation

The strategies for conservation of urban heritage involve (i) development of an information management system; (ii) capacity building and provision of technical support for conservation; (iii) area level conservation, revitalization and regeneration and (iv) heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation and (v)
18-10
heritage tourism. The projects needs to be implemented for improvement of city drainage system are presented in Table 18.7. Table 18.7: Investment Options-Heritage and Conservation (2021)
Medium Term Long Term Grand Investments Investments Strategy/Project Total (2012-2017) (2017-21) Rs in Crore A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (i) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage Information 20 2 2 24 System integrated with overall land information management system. (ii) Capacity Building of employees of the 1 2 2 5 departments involved in heritage conservation (iii) Provision for recording excavated 2 2 2 6 remains and removal of artifacts to museums B) ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRE (i) Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage 10 2 2 14 buildings as well as buildings located within designated heritage zonesMehrauli and Shahjehanabad (ii) Ensuring Technical Support for 1 1 conservation required for at area level C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS (i) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and heritage management 17 30 8 55 plan- Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli; Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj (Development of heritage area) (ii) Community based 37 53 15 105 Heritage Management
18-11
Strategy/Project
Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) Rs in Crore
Grand Total
Plans for the Dargahs/ traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi (Development of heritage area) (iii) Upgradation of open space structure along with urban landscape of the 25 15 walled city (Regeneration of old inner city area) (iv) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between 20 10 historic components of the city with the Metro Stations (Regeneration of old inner city area). (v) Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for 2 development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station (vi a. Guidelines for integrated conservation management of the 2 area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj ( (vi) b. Revitalization of 234 surroundings of Jama Masjid) (vii)Restoration of Town hall and preparation of 6 comprehensive heritage plan (viii) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within 45 25 designated heritage zones and precincts (Regeneration of old inner city area) (ix) Revitalization of 40 300 inner (Old) city area D) ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis, 35 15 heritage buildings, evacuee properties of
45
30
234
25
95
100
440
55
18-12
Strategy/Project
Grand Total
heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and shikargahs in rural villages for provision of essential community facilities (ii) Retrofitting of services and rationalisation of space 8 8 5 21 utilisation in heritage buildings currently used for community purposes D) REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS (i) Development of thematic heritage tourism circuits as an integrated network with signage systems, heritage site linked 60 10 10 80 interpretation centres/ site museums, tourist facilities, low speed circuit transport for tourists battery buses, bicycle tracks (ii) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings including 12 7 7 26 Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi (iii) Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children to 3 1 1 5 form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi linked with curriculum of Delhi schools (iv) Adaptive reuse of heritage hotel at 2 2 Kashmiri Gate TOTAL 582 482 199 1263
18.2.7 Urban Environment

Broad strategies include (i) outreach and capacity building, (ii) enhancement of forests and green cover and (iii) mitigation of air, water, and noise pollution.
18-13
The best management practices for environment management in city are presented in Table 18.8. Table 18.8: Investment Options- Urban Environment (2021)
Strategy/Project Short Term Investments (2007-12) Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) RS IN CRORE Grand Total
A Outreach and Capacity Building i) Create awareness for water conservation and the techniques, training programmes 16 17.6 for the RWAs, display & promotional material & schools, hospitals, change institutions. B. Forest & Green Cover i) South Delhi 227 40 Greenway Project ii) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city. To include a complete 0.7 1 inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna (iii) Protection of Delhi ridge including restoration of ecology 5 1 and for demarcation of bunds. iv) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city including forest and vegetation 2 0.8 cover, land use pattern, water bodies and others C. Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 9 web linked continuous air 15 2 quality monitoring stations ii) Action projects of the Master Plan for Dhobighats Sudhar Yojna under the YAP II. Creating alternate 50 10 better infrastructure for the dhobis, treatment facility for the waste water and drainage in to the river iii) Action projects for the collection, transport and 50 15 treatment of the dairy waste under the YAP II.
19.2
52.8
10
277
1.5
3.2
3.8
10
27
60
65
18-14
Strategy/Project This would include installation of treatment plants, methane generation plants and drainage system for the dairy waste iv) Upgradation of the crematoria in the city to make them environmentally better (air pollution treatment equipment). Master plans under the YAP II to be implemented v) River Front Development including walkways, recreation facilities, kiosks, water sports etc vi) Installation of 2 water quality stations for monitoring and gauging. TOTAL
Grand Total
10
10
50
40
95
5 430.7
127.4
47.7
5 605.8
18.2.8 Urban Governance

Projects related to urban governance mainly involve development of management information system and capacity building of urban local bodies and parastatal departments. The investment options to strengthen the monitoring mechanism are presented in Table 18.9. Table 18.9: Investment Options-Urban Governance (2021)
Short Term Investments (2007-12) Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) Rs in Crore Grand Total
Strategy/Project (i) Development of GIS/MIS based database system for Land and Building Records (ii) Development of Egovernance for various services of ULBs (iii) Capacity building of the MCD and Parastatal departments TOTAL
1 3 9
1 3 9
18-15
18.2.9 Other Development Projects

The other development projects are decentralization of trade fair from core city area and redevelopment of low density government housing estates. The projects details are presented below. Table 18.10: Investment Options-Urban Environment (2021)
Short Term Investments (2007-12) Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments (2012-2017) (2017-21) Rs in Crore Grand Total
Strategy/Project (i) Development of Trade Centres in North-East and West of City-2 Nos (ii) Study for Identification and Development options in Government Land in Core City area-5 Nos TOTAL
15
15
5 20
5 20
Sub-Mission-2: Basic Services and Poor

18.2.10 Urban Slums and Poor
The strategy for slum up gradation & improvement involves (i) In-situ redevelopment at existing JJ clusters and Slums; (ii) Development of serviced plots; (iii) development of night shelters; (iv) infrastructure up gradation in 44 resettlement colonies; (v) provision of housing on an on-going basis for urban poor and (vi) in-situ reconstruction of Katras. Table below presents the short term, medium term and long term investments for Slum Improvement and up gradation.
Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments Strategy/Project (2012-2017) (2017-21) Rs in Crore A) IN-SITU REDEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS (i) In situ redevelopment of Slums- providing 783 950 water supply, road network, drainage and Housing etc. (ii) Upgradation of 300 Street Lighting system (iv) Construction of 17 6 6 Community Toilets1200 Nos. (v) Development of Site for Transit 80 Camps-10 Nos
Grand Total
1733
300 29
80
18-16
Medium Term Long Term Investments Investments Strategy/Project (2012-2017) (2017-21) Rs in Crore B. DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICED PLOT AT RELOCATION SITES (i) Relocation of 30 5000 JJ Units (ii) Development of Relocation Sites at Kanjhawala, 217 Ghogha and Bapraula (iii) Development of plots at Savda 250 Gevra-20000JJ C. DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS (i) Development of Night Shelters in Walled City area and Industrial Complexes-5 Nos
Grand Total
30
217
250
15
15
D. INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION IN RESETTLEMENT SITES & COLONIES (i) Infrastructure up gradation in 85 270 270 resettlement colonies (ii) Infrastructure upgradation of 11 239 exisiting relocation sites (iii) Revival Plan for Community 30 Work Centres 2 (22383 m ) (iv) Civic amenities like Community 200 halls D. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR URBAN POOR (i) Multi-Storeyed 50 Tenements at Rohini-1770 DUs (ii) Multi-Storeyed 73 Tenements at Dwarka-2550 DUs (iii) Construction of 13510 EWS houses at village Siraspur 400 and Sector-26, Rohini (iv) Worker Housing with cost effective technologies at 101 Narela, Bhorgarh and Bawana (v) Housing for Urban Poor through development of EWS Housing 750 1000 1200
625
239
30
200
50 73
400
101
2950
18-17
Strategy/Project (vi) Rehabilitation & resettlement of slum dwellers at Narela Phase II and Rohini
Grand Total
710
710
D. IN-SITU RECONSTRUCTION OF KATRAS (i) Reconstruction of Katras in old city 70 200 areas TOTAL COST in Rs Crore 4400 2426
270 1746
540 8572
18.3
SUMMARY OF COSTS The total investment under JNNURM is Rs 24140 Crore. The investment for SubMission-1 is Rs 19740 Crore and Sub-Mission-2 is Rs 4400 Crore. The details of sector wise investment are presented below.
Strategy/Project Short Term Investments (2007-12) Medium Term Investments
(2012-2017)
Long Term Investments

(2017-21)
Grand Total
RS IN CRORE SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE Water Supply Sewerage System Road Network and Transport Storm Water Drainage Solid Waste Management Urban Heritage Urban Environment Urban Governance Other Projects Sub-Total 1632 2755 13487 231 593 582 431 9 20 19740 130 1435 10629 203 289 482 127 0 0 13295 2426 15721 122 1435 9190 125 440 199 48 0 0 11559 1746 13305 1884 5625 33306 559 1322 1263 606 9 20 44594 8572 53166
SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Slum and 4400 Housing Total 24140
18-18
Chapter 19 : Project & Capital Investment Plan
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 19 Project & Capital Investment Plan
CHAPTER - 19 PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

19.1 INTRODUCTION This section identifies projects proposed in specific sectors, based upon the strategies that have been outlined in the previous section. The project identification and capital investment plan have been prepared for sectors as per the sub-missions of JNNURM. The sectors covered in Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance are (i) Water Supply; (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation; (iii) Storm Water Drainage; (iv) Road Network and Transport Projects; (v) Solid Waste Management Projects; (vi) Redevelopment of Core City Area; (vii) Heritage Conservation and (viii) Urban Governance; and SubMission-2: Basic Services to Urban Poor are (i) Housing; (ii) Basic Services and (iii) Other related civic amenities The implementing authorities for projects in NCTD area are Corporation Delhi (MCD); New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC); Board (DJB); Public Works Department (PWD); Delhi Development (DDA); Urban Development Department (UDD) and Delhi State Development Corporation (DSIDC). Municipal Delhi Jal Authority Industrial
In order to optimize life cycle costs, private sector efficiencies can be inducted in development, management, implementation and financing of projects, through PPP arrangements where appropriate. Sector wise projects will be categorized as (i) Financially viable Projects: These projects can undertaken entirely by the private sector (ii) Projects which are financially viable, with government support such as annuity projects and (iii) projects which are financially unviable and require to be taken up directly by government. SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE 19.2 WATER SUPPLY DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for procurement, treatment, transportation and distribution of water in the MCD areas. It also supplies bulk water to the NDMC, and Delhi Cantonment Board. 19.2.1 Summary of strategies The strategies identified, in order of priority are: i) ii) iii) Reduction of transmission & distribution losses, and enhancement of management of water supply; Augmentation of water supply and distribution network Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost recovery mechanism.
19-1
(A)
REDUCTION OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES Projects identified are listed below (a) Revamping, up-gradation and Extension of Internal Network: The revamping and upgradation of internal distribution will reduce the T&D loss and to have equitable distribution of water in each zone. Interlinking of Supply System: Interlinking of Western Jamuna Canal (WJC) with Wazirabad pond by laying 2000mm diameter pipeline for supply of raw water from WJC to Wazirabad pond. Development of Monitoring System: In order to monitor water quantity and quality, installation of Zonal level water meters, chlorination and up-gradation of water testing labs have been proposed; as well as various monitoring & leak detection studies.
(b)
(c)
(B)
AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Projects have been proposed to provide water supply to urban villages, peripheral areas of the city, JJ clusters, unauthorized areas and new developments; as well as to augment the quantum of water available to the city. (a) Water Treatment Plant: It is proposed to construct one 31MGD iron removal plant at Palla (to improve water quality), 20MGD Water treatment plant at Okhla, and 40MGD water treatment plant at Dwarka. Moreover it is also proposed to construct recycling plant of 8MGD each at Chadrawal, Wazirabad Haiderpur and Bawana. The population serviced by these treatment plants is 3.2 million spread over an area of 55km2. Upgradation of Water Works: The project for up gradation of water works at Chandrawal, Wazirabad and Bawana. The existing capacity of these water works are 90 MGD; 120 MGD & 40 MGD respectively. The capacities of these water works are to be increased by 20 to 30 MGD to cover additional 0.35 millon population. Construction of Tube wells: 21 high yield tube wells are to be drilled in flood plain area of river Yamuna. Although ground water is residing down, the tube wells in these area has minimum impact on the ground water due to its location in the flood plain at palla. Construction & Connection of UGR/BPS: In order to improve the distribution system in city, the construction of UGR/BPS and connecting them with transmission network has been proposed. Exploration of Raw Water Resources: The water resources are to be explored to augment the water supply system to fulfill the water demand in future.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
19-2
(C)
PROMOTION OF EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND STRENGTHENING OF COST RECOVERY MECHANISM Projects proposed include (a) Revamping DJB Customer Care Services: Procurement and Installation of system software for billing and customer information.
Agencies Responsible for Capital Investme O&M nt
Strategy/Project
Rs Crore
200708
200809
2009 -10
2010 -11
2011 -12
RS IN CRORE A) REDUCE TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LOSSES (i) Revamping and upgradation of internal water distribution 75 25 25 25 network and pumping stations (ii) Coverage of new colonies in outer areas of 25 10 10 5 city (iii) Interlinking of WJC with Wazirabad pond Laying of 2000 mm dia 187 50 50 50 37 pipeline for supply of raw from WJC to Wazirabad pond (iv) Supply and 30 15 10 5 Installation of Bulk Meters (v) Modernization and up 20 10 10 gradation of Laboratory (viii) Leak Detection 1.0 0.5 0.5 Study (ix) Energy Efficiency 1 1 2.0 Study B) AUGUMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD (i) Construction of New Water Treatment Plants (a) 31 MGD Iron removal 696 250 250 116 50 Plan (b) 20 MGD WTP at Okhla (c) 40 MGD WTP at Dwarka (ii) Construction of 21 Nos. High Yield Tube 1 0.5 0.5 wells in flood plain area of river Yamuna (iii) Upgradation of 35 20 10 5 Water Works- chandrawal (iv) Construction of UGRs/BPS in Various Part 250 50 50 50 50 of Delhi (v) Construction of 8MGD recycling plants 20 20 Chandrawal, Wazirabad,
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB DJB
DJB DJB
DJB -
DJB
30
DJB
DJB
50 -
DJB DJB DJB DJB
DJB DJB DJB DJB
19-3
Strategy/Project
Rs Crore
200708
200809
2009 -10
2010 -11
2011 -12
RS IN CRORE Haiderpur and Bhagirathi (vi) To Connect UGR with 200 50 50 50 30 20 Plants transmission lines of varying size-250kms (vii) Construction of 1 MGD WTP at common wealth games village 20 10 10 along with arrangement of raw water (vii) Exploration of Raw 50 15 15 20 Water Resources C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND COST RECOVERY MECHANISM (i) Revamping DJB Customer Care ServicesProcurement and 20 8 8 4 Installation of system software for billing and customer information GRAND TOTAL IN Rs 1632.0 535.0 500.0 330 167 100 CRORE
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
DJB
The O&M cost due to the new investment is estimated at Rs. 446.7.00 Crore. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is the authority responsible for O&M of water supply system.
Total O&M 2007-08 Cost @ 10%
Strategy/Project
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
RS IN CRORE A) AUGUMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD B) REDUCE TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION LOSSES & 343.05 97.25 6.4 446.7 0 0 0 0 41.55 11.15 0.8 53.5 80.1 21.8 1.6 103.5 104.2 30.3 2 136.5 117.2 34 2 153.2
C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND COST RECOVERY MECHANISM TOTAL
19-4
19.3
SEWERAGE SYSTEM DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater. Projects which effectively resolve the present drawbacks of the system have been taken up on a priority basis.
19.3.1 Summary of Strategies Strategies identified, in order of priority are given below: i) ii) iii) (i) Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewageabatement of pollution. Provision of sewer network in un-sewered areas. Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK These projects aim to revamp and upgrade the existing sewer network. These include providing sanitation to uncovered areas of the city. The projects covered as part of extension and up-gradation of sewerage network are: (a) Revamping and Rehabilitation of Trunk & Internal Sewerage Network: In order to improve the sewage collection and disposal system in already sewered area, it has been proposed to revamp and upgrade (including replacement) about 650km of internal sewer network; and rehabilitate 150km of trunk sewer network in walled city area, north & west districts of city (excluding sewer under YAP-II). This latter component will include the procurement of suction and jetting machines, CCTV etc. to ensure adequate maintenance (if maintenance is not to be out-sourced) Refurbishment of Sewage Pumping Stations: The refurbishment of existing sewage pumping stations (SPS) will aim at optimal functioning of these plants.
(b)
(ii)
PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UN-SEWERED AREAS Projects included are (a) Laying of Sewer Network in Uncovered Areas: The provision of 250km of trunk sewer network in uncovered area and laying of sewer network in 169+39 villages & 1513 unauthorized/regularized colonies to improve the sanitation system in these areas. Construction of new sewage pumping stations: These will allow diversion of sewage from uncovered areas to the appropriate STP, for optimal utilisation of the STPs. These are proposed at Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi extn, Preet vihar, Yamuna vihar and Jivan Vihar
(b)
(iii)
AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPACITY Projects proposed include
19-5
(a) (b)
Construction of STPs along intercepting sewers: Total estimated project cost is 700 Crores Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations: These will upgrade sanitation facilities in low lying areas. The cost of constructing the SPSs is Rs. 150 Crore Laying of Intercepting Trunk Sewers along Three Main Drains: Consideration of this proposal is subject to the recommendations of the consultant due to be appointed to advice on this issue. Cost allocated is Rs. 500 Crore in the first phase.
(c)
Strategy / Project
Rs Crore
200708
200809
2009 -10
2010 -11
2011 -12
RS IN CRORE A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR INTERCEPTING SEWAGE TO CONVEY TO STPS-POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION (i) Revamping and up gradation of internal sewerage network 125 75 50 DJB DJB including replacement of Old Sewer line (ii) Refurbishment of Sewage Pumping 20 20 DJB DJB Stations- 6Nos (iii) Rehabilitation of Trunk Sewers in walled city area, north and west 450 100 100 150 50 50 DJB DJB districts excluding trunk sewer under YAP-II B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UN-SEWERED AREAS (i) Provision of Sewer in left out portion of 120 20 50 30 20 DJB DJB colonies and rural villages (ii) Laying of 250 km of trunk sewer network to cater to uncovered area 75 30 30 15 DJB DJB (U?A regularized colonies) (iii) Provision of Sewerage Network in 30 10 20 15 DJB DJB 45 urban villages (iv) Provision of Sewerage Network in Unauthorized colonies (v) Diverting the sewer from uncovered area by constructing Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi extn, Preet vihar, Yamuna vihar and Jivan vihar, Raja Garden 400 75 50 50 100 125 DJB DJB
100
25
50
25
DJB
DJB
19-6
Strategy / Project
Rs Crore
200708
200809
2009 -10
2010 -11
2011 -12
Agencies Responsible for Capital Investme O&M nt DJB DJB DJB DJB DJB DJB DJB DJB DJB DJB
RS IN CRORE (vi) Laying of trunk 70 25 25 sewers C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPACITY (i) Construction of new 700 75 100 STPs (ii) Construction of 150 50 50 Sewage Pumping Stations (iii) Laying of Trunk and 500 100 150 interceptor Sewers along main drains TOTAL COST
2755 605 675
20 150 50 100
605
250 75
495
125 75
375
The O&M cost due to the new investment is Rs. 615 Crore. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) will be the authority responsible for O&M of the augmented sewerage system.
Total O&M Cost @ 10%
Strategy/Project
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
RS IN CRORE A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR INTERCEPTING SEWAGE B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UN-SEWERED AREAS C) AUGMENTATION OF TREATMENT CAPACITY TOTAL SEWAGE 158 0 19.5 34.5 49.5 54.5
184.5 272.5 615
0 0 0
18.5 22.5 60.5
41.0 52.5 128.0
56.5 82.5 188.5
68.5 115.0 238.0
19.4
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PWD, MCD, NDMC, DTTDC, DMRC, State Transport Authority and Delhi Development Authority are the main agencies responsible for construction, maintenance and improvement of road network and operation of the transport system in city. Road projects, which can resolve the current drawbacks of the system with minimum investment, are taken up as priority projects. The projects prepared for improving transport situation in city are presented below:
19.4.1 Summary of Strategies Projects have been identified based on strategies as given below (in order of priority) i. ii. Provision of safe and efficient public transport system Encouraging the use of non-motorised modes of passenger transport
19-7
iii. iv.
Equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians Efficient use of existing infrastructure removal of impediments including enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional needs Enhancement of Road Infrastructure Awareness and enforcement drives PROVISION OF SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM The goal is to augment the share of trips of public transport from the current 60 percent to 80 percent. This is proposed to be done through an integrated multi-modal system of public transport. The projects proposed include (a) (b) (c) Developing a light Rail Transport System: Estimated project cost is Rs. 2800 Crore Developing a Monorail System: Estimated Project Cost is Rs. 2400 Crore Putting in place a High Capacity Bus System: Estimated Project Cost is Rs. 1305 Crore
v. vi. vii. viii. (i)
The three systems are planned to operate in a complementary manner. The total project cost for this objective is Rs. 6505 Crore. (ii) ENCOURAGING USE OF NON MOTORISED MODES OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT These are proposed to be promoted for short distance trips along sub arterial roads, local roads and along major transport corridors near industrial nodes. Projects include (a) (b) (iii) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local Level roads and streets new areas and urban extensions Promotion of cycle rickshaws in specific localities
PROVIDING EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS Projects proposed are: a) b) Strengthening and improvement of footpaths along major arterial roads Construction of foot over bridges/ subways at ten critical locations
19-8
(iv)
FULL DEVELOMENT OF RIGHT OF WAY OF ROAD REMOVAL OF IMPEDIMENTS AND MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREAS Present transport system of Delhi is road based and the available infrastructure should be optimally utilized to ease the traffic on the roads in Delhi. Moreover, proper management and regulation of parking spaces especially in the commercial centers can help in better utilization of facilities. To overcome the current shortfall in parking, there is also a need for developing new parking facilities using appropriate advanced technologies in busy commercial areas as well as residential areas. Projects proposed under this strategy include: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Traffic Management and Area Traffic Control schemes at all Grade Separators and prominent commercial areas Improvement of road corridors spread over Delhi 251.40 km. Improvement of ten major entry points of Delhi Construction of Multi-Level Parking in Delhi at 12 sites Parking management & Regulation at 10 prominent locations Construction of underground parking in residential areas: It is proposed to identify community areas, or open spaces that can accommodate underground parking and develop these facilities in order to decongest residential roads. Moreover, a framework for the levy of parking charges on residential roads must be developed, and the same implemented.
(v)
SPECIAL SCHEMES FOR REDEVELOPMENT OF CONNAUGHT PLACE AND WALLED CITY AREAS These include (a) (b) (c) (d) Improvement of Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including parking below inner circle Pedestrianisation (partial) of Chandni Chowk Area with heritage considerations Developing Underground Parking at Connaught Place, Super Bazar, Mayur bhawan, Shivaji Terminal as part of redevelopment of Connaught Place
(vi)
DEVELOPING PASSENGER & GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS
19-9
The main objective of these proposals is to decentralize facilities for goods and passenger movement, in order to relieve the load on the city network. Projects proposed are (a) (b) (viii) Development of Interstate Bus Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka, Holambi Kalan and Tikri Kalan Integrated Freight Complex at Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur and Narela
ENHANCEMENT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE To accommodate the additional demand for road space, there may be a need to construct elevated roads in the existing right of way along the major corridors of movement. The requirement for this should be ascertained after the impact of other proposals have been evaluated (using GIS based tools for traffic modeling). Efforts, however, are required to enhance existing infrastructure in terms of improvement of major intersections. Project proposals include: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) East-West Corridor from Rajghat to Panjabi Bagh-12km North-South Corridor from Majnu ka tila to Daula Kaun-15km Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to Outer Ring Road along Disused Western Yamuna Canal Sarita Vihar Intersection on Mathura Road to Okhla industrial Areas Elevated ring road of 68.5km, with 50.5km along ring road and 18km are link roads. These are 2 lane dual carriageway with 5km at grade and 45.5km elevated corridor.
(ix)
CREATING AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE The magnitude of traffic in Delhi calls for creating enhanced awareness about traffic and transport systems by running special programs; creating a traffic management data base and imparting training to road users on a periodic basis. The project cost for this objective is Rs. 16 Crore.
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112
Agencies Responsible for

Capital Investment O&M
RS IN CRORE A. SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM i) Developing Light Rail 2800 560 560 740 470 470 DIMTS Transport System 74 km ii) Developing Monorail 2400 480 480 720 360 360 DIMTS System 48 km iii) High Capacity Bus 1305 265 260 390 195 195 DIMTS System 294 km. B. DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER AND GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS
DIMTS DIMTS DIMTS
19-10
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112

RS IN CRORE i) Development of Interstate Bus Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka, Holambi Kalan and Tikri Kalan
50
15
15
10
PWD
DTC
ii) Integrated Freight Complex at Madanpur 50 10 20 10 Khadar, Gazipur and Narela C. DEVELOP NEW LINK ROADS AND BRIDGES AS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES i) East-West Corridor from 120 20 30 30 Rajghat to Panjabi Bagh12km ii) North-South Corridor from Majnu ka tila to 125 25 30 30 Daula Kaun-15km iii) Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to Outer 30 10 10 10 Ring Road along Disused Western Yammuna Canal iv) Sarita Vihar Intersection on Mathura 30 10 10 10 Road to Okhla industrial Areas v) Development of 300 100 100 elevated ring road vi) Elevated section over Outer Ring road- NH 1 ( 200 25 50 50 Mukerba Chowk) to wazirabad 7.5 Km. vii) Outer Ring Road Link from Okhla to Wazirabad 200 50 50 13 km. viii) Missing Link of Outer Ring Road from NH 8 to 200 50 75 Janakpuri through Cantonement Area 13Km. ix) Wazirabad Signature 464 164 150 150 Bridge over river Yamuna x) Geeta Colony Bridge 125 125 over river Yamuna xi) Master plan road over disused Canal between 120 120 Shastri Park and Karkari More xii) Ring road bypass from Salim Garh Fort to 100 20 20 Velodrome road xiii) Link road from NH 24 to Lodhi road ( Tunnel 60 15 15 Bypass ) D. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD i) Traffic Management and Area Traffic Control schemes at all Grade 50 10 20 20 Separators and prominent commercial areas ii) Improvement of road 500 100 150 150
PWD
MCD
20 20
20 20
PWD PWD
PWD PWD
PWD
PWD
75 50
25 25
PWD PWD/PVT PWD
PWD PWD PWD
50
50
PWD
PWD
50
25
PWD
PWD
PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD
PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD
40 15
20 15
50
50
MCD MCD
MCD MCD
19-11
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112

RS IN CRORE corridors spread over Delhi. iii ) Corridor improvement plan for Mehrauli Gurgaon Road (connecting Andheri Morh to Delhi-Haryana Border) iv) Beautification of roads for Commonwealth Games v) Flyover at Mukerba Chowk vi) Grade Seperator at Azadpur vii) Three Flyovers between IIT & NH 8 on Outer Ring Road viii) Flyover at Naraina ix) Bridge over Neela Hauz ( Aruna Asaf Ali Marg x) Flyover at Mangolpuri Chowk on Outer Ring Road xi) Behera Enclave underpass on Outer Ring Road xii) Flyover at Nagloi on NH 10 xiii) ITO Chungi 4 no.s cloverleaves and underpass xiv) RUB connecting road no. 58 and 64 xv) Grade Separator at Shastri Park xvi) Flyover at Apsara border on G.T.Road xvii) Grade Separator at intersection of Raja Ram Kohli Marg & Pusta Road xviii) Grade separator at Shastri Park Pushta Road Intersection xix) Flyover on Road no 56 ( ISBT Anand Vihar ) & NH 24 ( Gazipur drain ) xx) ROB on Road No. 63 level crossing xxi) UP link road clover leaf xxii) ROB at G.T.Road near Shyam Lal College xxiii) BSZ DDU I.P.Marg Flyover Xxiv) Grade separator along Rani Jhansi Road between Baraf Khana Chowk and Bara Hindu Rao Chowk
174
24
50
50
25
25
MCD
MCD
750 195 154 247 125 47 31 55 78 74 32 65 88.5 97 83 150 34 200 85 100
150 50 34 47 35 17 11 15 18 24 12 15 28.5 27 23 30 34 50 25 20
300 100 60 100 50 20 10 20 30 25 10 25 30 40 30 60 75 30 40
300 45 60 100 40 10 10 20 30 25 10 25 30 30 30 60 75 30 40
PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD
PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD PWD
178
28
50
50
25
25
MCD
MCD
19-12
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112

RS IN CRORE xxv) ROB at Samaipur Badli Level Crossing on 40 10 15 Auchandi Road xxvi) Construction of flyovers/under bridges at 250 50 75 various level crossing sites. E. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA i) Construction of Multi100 10 20 Level Parking in Delhi at 12 sites ii)Parking management & Regulation at 10 15 10 5 prominent locations iii) Construction of underground parking in 50 10 10 residential areas 15 MCD MCD
75
25
25
MCD
MCD
20 10
25 10
25 10
MCD MCD MCD
MCD MCD MCD
F. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS i) Strenthening and improvement of footpaths along major arterial roads 100 20 30 30 10 10 MCD MCD
ii)Construction of foot over bridges/ subways at ten critical locations iii) Modernisation of Street lighting
10 125
5 25
5 60
40
MCD PWD
MCD PWD
G. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA i) Improvement Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk, 3 1 1 Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught 20 8 8 Place including parking below inner circle iii) Pedestrianisation ( partial ) Chowk Area with 10 2 2 heritage considerations iv) Provisions of subways at nine locations in outer 18 5 5 circle of Connaught Place v) Developing Underground Parking at Connaught Place, Super Bazar, Mayur bhawan, 50 5 Shivaji Terminal as part of redevelopment of Connaught Place vi) Corridor improvement 75 20 30 of S.P Mukherjee Marg vii) Traffic management plan for areas around 188 35 50 proposed Civic Center near Minto Road H. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT (Including cycles and cycle rickshaws)
MCD
MCD
NDMC
NDMC
4 8
2 -
MCD NDMC
MCD NDMC
10
20
15
NDMC
NDMC
25 50
25
28
MCD MCD
MCD MCD
AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER TRANSPORT
19-13
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112

RS IN CRORE i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & 15 5 Local Level roads and streets new areas and urban extensions Ii Road improvements for use of cycle rickshaw in 30 10 Karol Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans Yammuna Area iii) Devpment of Cycle Tracks in along major 100 10 transport corridor near industrial nodes at seven routes I. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE i)Public awareness and enforcement drive 3 1 ii)User Information System for transport systems iii)Registration and Training of Transport Operators/drivers TOTAL 10 3 1 1 5 5 MCD MCD
10
10
MCD
MCD
20
20
30
20
MCD
MCD
1 1 1
1 2 1
3 -
3 -
TRAFFIC POLICE STA STA
TRFFIC POLICE STA STA
13486.5
2885.5
3534
398 6
1610
147 1
The total estimated O&M cost for transport related projects is Rs 3173 crore. The O&M borne by private operators is Rs 1218.5 Crore. The details of the O&M costs are presented in table below.
Total O&M Cost @ 10% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 RS IN CRORE 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
A. SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Government Private
692 692
0 0
65 65
130 130
223 223
274 274
B. DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER AND GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS
Government Private
12 12
0 0
1 1
3 3
4 4
5 5
C. DEVELOP URBAN RELIEF ROADS AS ALTERNATIVE LINK ROADS
Government Private
62.0 432.1
0 0.0
7.0 42.9
12.3 89.2
18.8 136.7
24.0 163.4
19-14
D. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD
Government Private
991.7 66.4
0.0 0.0
83.1 5.7
216.1 14.2
340.6 22.7
351.9 23.9
E. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA
Government Private
16.0 16.0
0.0 0.0
1.5 1.5
3.3 3.3
4.8 4.8
6.5 6.5
F. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS
Government
63.5
0.0
5.0
14.5
21.5
22.5
G. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA
Government
83.8
0.0
7.1
17.2
27.4
32.1
H. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER TRANSPORT (Including cycles and cycle rickshaws)
Government
30.5
0.0
2.5
6.0
9.5
12.5
I. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE
Government TOTAL O&M
3.2 3172.6
0.0 0.0
0.3 288.6
0.6 642.0
1.0 1040.6
1.3 1201.6
19.5
STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM PWD, MCD and Irrigation & Flood Control Department are the agencies responsible for construction, maintenance and improvement of drainage system in city. The drainage projects, which can resolve the present drawbacks, are presented below:
19.5.1 Project Summary The projects identified under various strategies for improvement of city drainage system are (i) Comprehensive Study of Drainage System; (ii) Short term improvement measures and (iii) Revival of Major Drainage Network. (i) COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM To prepare a comprehensive drainage plan of the city, integration of total station & satellite imagery with 1m contour interval is required. The cost of preparation of comprehensive drainage plan is Rs 10 Crore.
19-15
(ii)
SHORT TERM IMPROVEMENT MEASURES The short term improvement measures involve desilting of drainage network; provision of pump houses in low lying areas with power back-up and provision of treatment plants at outfall drains.
(iii)
REVIVAL OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK The revival of major drains involves improvement and landscaping of- (A) Najafgarh Drain; Mungeshpur Drain & Palam Drain in Najafgarh basin; (B) Mungeshpur drain, Karari Suleman nagar Drain & Nangloi drain in Kanjhawala basin; (C) Bawana Escape drain, Drain no-6, Burari Check & Drain and Wazirpur complex drain in Alipur Basin; (D) Gokulpur Drain, Balbir Nagar Drain, GT road drain, Patparganj drain, Radheypuri Drain, Laxmi Nagar Drain, Vinod Nagar Drain and Shakarpur Drain in Shahdara Drainage Basin. The major drains in Mehrauli basin are Tuglakabad, Madanpur Khadar, Jaitpur and Chirag Delhi Drain. The Cost of revival and improvement of these drains is Rs 99 Crore in the first phase.
Agencies Responsible for Capital O&M Investm ent
Strategy/Project
Cost in Rs Crore
200708
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201 1-12
RS IN CRORE A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM i) GIS based drainage 10 7 3 mapping and planning B. SHORT IMPROVEMENT MEASURES i) Remodeling of drains having 42 13 17 8 4 outfall into Yamuna ii) Provision of outfall treatment 15 10 5 plants at outfall drains-15 Nos. iii) Desilting of Drainage 20 10 10 Network-2100km iv) Provision of Pump houses in low lying areas 5 5 with power backup (v) Augmentation of storm water 40 12 16 8 4 drainage C. REVIVAL OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK i) Improvement and landscaping 54 24 30 of Major drainage channel ii) Design of 20 10 10 Check dams and
PWD
PWD
MCD
MCD
PWD
PWD
PWD
PWD
PWD
PWD
MCD
MCD
PWD PWD
PWD PWD
19-16
Strategy/Project
Cost in Rs Crore
200708
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201 1-12
Agencies Responsible for Capital O&M Investm ent
RS IN CRORE depressions for Ground Water Recharge iii) Pilot project on Sub wells to be developed under flyover for trapping rainwater-20 Flyovers TOTAL
25
10
10
PWD
PWD
231
96
101
26
The O&M cost due to the new investment is Rs. 37.6 Crore. Public Works Department (PWD) is the authority responsible for O&M of Drainage system.
Total O&M 2007-08 Cost @ 5%
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM B. SHORT MEASURES IMPROVEMENT MAJOR 1.9 19.2 16.5 37.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.5 2.0 0.5 4.9 4.5 0.5 5.7 5.0 0.5 6.1 5.0
C. REVIVAL OF DRAINAGE NETWORK TOTAL
0.0
4.9
9.9
11.2
11.6
19.6
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The MCD is the key agency in Delhi responsible for solid waste management --including collection, transportation treatment and disposal. As mentioned earlier, the most important issue currently is to reduce the land requirement for disposal.
19.6.1 Summary of Strategies Theses are presented below, in order of priority: i. ii. Maximising effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery
19-17
(i)
Maximising effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites: Projects include: (a) Renewal of Existing Compost Plants
The existing composting facilities may be re-engineered, revitalized and capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support to process 1075 tons per day (Table below), . It is proposed to do this within a year.
Name / site of existing composting facility Okhla (MCD) closed at present Existing Capacity (TPD) 150 Year commissi oned 1981 Proposed capacity (TPD) 200 Re-engineering and revival inputs required Almost complete reengineering and revival required with new plant, machinery and equipment Major re-engineering and revival required with new plant, machinery and equipment, raising the level and re-surfacing of the compost yard Additional 3 hectare land required, almost complete renewal of the compost pad area, augmentation of plant and machinery Almost complete renewal of the compost pad area, augmentation of plant and machinery
Okhla (NDMC)
200
1985
250
Bhalsawa (Private sector owned and operated) Tikri Khurd
500
1999
500
125
2001
125
(b)
Proposed New Processing Facilities for Compost, RDF and C&D Waste New facilities of waste processing including composting, and other processing technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed (for example, dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived fuel) Proposals for these are mentioned in the table below
Facility Construction and demolition debris Construction and demolition debris Compost plant Compost plant Waste to energy Waste to energy Location Burari Ghumman Hera Ghumman Hera Narela Bawana Okhla Timarpur Capacity (TPD) 500 500 500 1000 700 700 Land requirement (hectares) 40.4 40.0 8.0 15.0 6.0 4.0
(ii)
Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient land fill sites for disposal:
19-18
Projects include (a) Closure, Capping and Landscaping of Existing Landfills: This will be accompanied with a plan for disposal of waste during the intermittent period before new sanitary landfills are commissioned and actually operated. It is proposed to undertake this in the next 2 years. The inputs required are elaborated in the table below
Area (hectare) Year started Waste received (TPD) Inputs required Waste received from MCD and Cantonment Board; re-grading, closure, capping, LFG extraction and collection, peripheral drain, internal road, landscaping etc. Waste received from MCD and NDMC; regrading, closure, capping, LFG extraction and collection, curtain wall for chicken and fish markets, peripheral drain, internal road, landscaping etc. Waste received from MCD; re-grading, closure, capping, LFG extraction and collection, peripheral drain, internal road, landscaping etc.
Name / site of existing landfill
Okhla
16.20
1994
1200
Ghazipur
29.16
1984
2000
Bhalsawa
21.06
1993
2200
(b)
Proposed Sanitary Landfill Sites Development of sanitary landfills at identified sites (Jaitpur, Narela Bawana and Bhatti Mines in that order). It is proposed to make the first one operational within 2 years.
(c)
Other Projects Massive and sustained campaign encouraging people to consciously reduce waste and segregate at source to facilitate waste processing Sustained training for all the municipal staff as well as staff of any private operator involved in waste management for their capacity building and planning capability
Strategy/Project Cost in Rs Crore 200708 200809 200910 201011 201112 Agencies Responsible for
19-19
Capital Invest ment
O&M
RS IN CRORE A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS (i)Revival & Reengineering of Compost Plants at 14 14 Okhla with New Plant; Machinery and Equipment (ii) Bhalsawa & Tikri Khurd Compost PlantAdditional 3 hectare land required and 9 9 complete renewal of the compost pad area and augmentation of Plant and Machinery B. CLOUSURE, CAPPING AND LANDSCAPING OF EXISTING LANDFILLS (i) Re-grading, Closure, Capping, LFG extraction and 109 55 54 Collection, Peripheral drain, internal roads, landscaping etc-Okhla, Ghazipur and Bhalsawa C. PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITIES (i) 2000 TPD C&D Waste processing plant at Ghumman Hera and 25 10 15 Burari increase capacity (ii) Compost Plant at Ghumman Hera, 43 20 23 Narela-Bawana (iii) Waste to Energy plant at Okhla and 100 25 25 50 Timarpur D. PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL SITES (i) Development of Landfill sites at 272 75 60 50 50 Jaitpur, Narela-Bawana and Bhatti Mines-138 Hectare E. OTHER PROJECTS (i) Mechanical Street 7 7 Sweeper-10 Nos (ii) IEC awareness 5 1 1 1 1 programme (iii) Training of Staff and Workers (52000) as part of Training of Trainers programme (iv) Pilot Projects for Ragpickers in Old City area; North Campus, East Delhi; West Delhi 5 3 2 -
Govt /Pvt.
Pvt.
Govt /Pvt.
Pvt.
Pvt.
Pvt.
Pvt.
Pvt.
Pvt. Pvt.
Pvt. Pvt.
37
Pvt.
Pvt.
MCD MCD
MCD MCD
MCD
MCD
MCD
MCD
19-20
Strategy/Project
Cost in Rs Crore
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112
Agencies Responsible for Capital Invest O&M ment
RS IN CRORE and South Delhi-17 Nos (v) Study for Quantification and Development of management model for E-waste in City (vi) Pilot project for processing & disposal of e-waste TOTAL
MCD
MCD
0 593
222
181
101
51
38
The O&M cost associated with the new investment is Rs. 50.8 Crore. Around 90 per cent of O&M will be borne by the private developer.
Total O&M 2007-08 Cost @ 3%
Strategy/Project
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
RS IN CRORE A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS i) Private
2.8
0.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
B. CLOUSURE, CAPPING AND LANDSCAPING OF EXISTING LANDFILLS i) Private
11.6
0.0
1.7
3.3
3.3
3.3
C. PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITIES FOR C&D WASTE i) Private
15.2
0.0
1.7
3.5
5.0
5.0
D. PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL SITES i) Private E. OTHER PROJECTS i) Private
19.0
0.0
2.3
4.1
5.6
7.1
2.2 50.8
0.0 0.0
0.4 6.8
0.6 12.2
0.6 15.2
0.6 16.7
TOTAL
19.7
HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT The agencies involved in heritage conservation and management in Delhi include the ASI, State Department of Archaeology, Delhi Development Authority (DDA), MCD, NDMC, DUAC Heritage Conservation Committee, Delhi Waqf Board and NGOs such as INTACH.
19.7.1 Summary of Strategies

19-21
Four main strategies have been identified i. Development of a Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of heritage concerns within the development plans Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level and assisting implementation and monitoring processes, Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation & Heritage Management Area Level Conservation, revitalisation and Regeneration strategies which include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse, heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community facilities, housing rehabilitation, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation activities. Development of an Information Management System The aim is to facilitate integration of heritage management within development processes for the city and to provide a knowledge base for all agencies to ensure coordinated action on heritage. (a) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage Information System integrated with overall land information management system has been proposed.. Capacity Building of employees of the Departments involved in Heritage Conservation and Management: in order to enable them to use the GIS based information system effectively. Provision for salvage archaeology, recording remains excavated during development and removal of artifacts to museums
ii. iii.
iv.
(i)
(b)
(c) (ii)
Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation & Heritage Management Projects include: (a) Establishment of a Self-Sustaining Technical Support Conservation Centre: This will involve Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage buildings as well as buildings located within designated heritage zones. Moreover, establishment and maintenance of a laboratory for testing of historic materials, appropriate contemporary materials & monitoring performance of improved techniques and conservation interventions. Ensuring Technical Support for Conservation required for participatory conservation at the area level. This will be undertaken
(b)
19-22
through training of skilled masons and craftspersons required for implementation of conservation projects. (iii) Prioritization of Identified Heritage Zones, Precincts and Area Regeneration Programmes Projects include (a) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and heritage management plan for the Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli (similar to the successful Main Street Programme) - Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj. Community based Heritage Management Plans for the Dargahs/ traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi namely (i) Qutub Sahib; (ii) Hazrat Nizamuddin; (iii) Chiragh Delhi; (iv) Ardhchini; (v) Saidulajaib and (v) Qadam Sharif. Upgradation and regeneration of open space structure along with urban landscape of the walled city, focusing on areas such as Chandni Chowk Ballimaran, Maliwara, Dharampur; Kashmeri Gate Chowk & Nineteenth century bazaar Hauz Qazi etc. Also proposed is the framing of guidelines for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic components of the city with the Metro Stations, focusing on the Kashmiri Gate area. This would also include drawing up of a Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station Restoration of Town Hall and Preparation of a comprehensive heritage management plan including selection of appropriate adaptive reuses
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f) Adaptive Reuse of Buildings or Precincts: Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and shikargahs(Eg: Shri Marwari Aushadhalaya, 2766 Chatta Pratap Singh, Kinari Bazaar, Haveli Ballimaran 3014, near Chota Baradari, Jaunti Shikargah, Jaunti Village, Old St Stephens College Dara Shikhohs library, Dharamshala Rai Sahib Lala Lakshmi Narain, Ramnath Inderdevi Dharamshala, 2764 Chatta Pratap Singh, Kinari Bazaar, Shri Marwari Public Library etc.) (g) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated heritage zones and precincts initially in the Walled City ( Ballimaran, Maliwara, Dharampura, Churiwalan, Kinari Bazaar) and Urban villages. (iv) Reintegrating Previously Overlooked Heritage Components into Thematic Heritage Tourism Circuits (a) In order to reintegrate overlooked heritage components, tourism circuits linking the following areas are to be developed:
19-23
- Linking Humayuns Tomb with Safdarjangs Tomb via Lodhi Gardens, Karbala, Tomb of Najaf Khan, Humayuns Tomb Hazrat NizamuddinSundar Nursery Purana Quila & Khair-ul-Manzil- Feroz Shah Kotla - Daryaganj Red Fort; Red fort-Chandni Chowk Shahjehanabad Fatehpuri Masjid; - Tughlaquabad Chiragh Delhi Khirki Masjid Jahanpanah Vijay Mandal Begumpuri Hauz Khas Mehrauli. (b) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings including Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children to form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi linked with curriculum of Delhi schools Adaptive reuse of historic buildings as Heritage Hotel at Kashmiri Gate
Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt.
(c)
(d)
Strategy/Project
Projec t Cost in Rs
2007 -08
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201112
Rs in Crore A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (i) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage 20 5 Information System integrated with overall land information management system. (ii) Capacity Building of employees of the Departments involved in Hertage Conservation and Management 1 0.2
10
DDA, MCD
DDA, NIC AND TPD
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
(iii) Provision for recording excavated 2 0.5 0.5 1 0 remains and removal of artifacts to museums B) ESTABLISHMENT OF 2 SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRES (i) Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, 10 3 4 3 0 qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage buildings as
Institute of Archaeolo gy, ASI and SPA; Institute of Heritage Managem ent Delhi Governm ent GNCTD Dept of Archaeolo gy
MCD
GNCTD
MCD TPD HERITAGE SOCIETY, GNCTDSTATE
DDA, MCD
19-24
Strategy/Project
Projec t Cost in Rs
2007 -08
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201112
Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt. ARCHEOL OGY
Rs in Crore well as buildings located within designated heritage zones- Mehrauli and Shahjehanabad
Town Planning Dept.of MCD-MCD Heritage Society, GNCTD Dept. of Archaeolo 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 gy, Institute of Heritage Managem ent Delhi Governm ent & SPA. PWD & CPWD C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS AND AREA REGENERATION PROGRAMMES (i) Development and implementation of a comprehensive DDA, regeneration and MCDheritage management Heritage 17 8 6 3 plan- Central Bazaar Cell, spine of Mehrauli; RWA's, Adham Khans Tomb to INTACH Sohan Burj (Development of heritage area) (ii) Community based SA,ASI, Heritage Management MCD, Plans for the Dargahs/ WAQF 37 2 7 12 8 8 traditional Pilgrim BOARD, destinations of Delhi COOPERA (Development of TIVE heritage area) Communi (iii) Upgradation of open ty space structure along Represen with urban landscape of tatives, the walled city MCD, (Regeneration of old 25 3 10 10 1 1 Horticult inner city area) ure, Roads and (ii) Ensuring Technical Support for Conservation required for participatory conservation at the area level
TPD MCD-, GNCTD Dept. of Archae ology, INTACH & SPA.
MCD
SA,ASI, MCD, WAQF BOARD, COOPE RATIVE MCD Town Plannin g Dept. and PWD
19-25
Strategy/Project
Projec t Cost in Rs
2007 -08
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201112
Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt. Transport ation, PWD
Rs in Crore
(iv) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic components of the city with the Metro Stations (Regeneration of old inner city area). 20 3 8 8 1 -
(v) Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station
(vi) a. Guidelines for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj. 2 2 -
GNCTD Departme nt of Archaeolo gy, ASI, Waqf Board, Local stakehold ers and communit y represent atives, MCD, DMRC Ministry of Railways, GNCTD Departme nt of Archaeolo gy, Waqf Board, Local stakehold ers and traders/ hotel associatio ns, communit y represent atives, MCD, DDA Urban Heritage Foundatio n and DDA Heritage Cell, GNCTD Departme nt of Archaeolo gy, Waqf Board,
MCD and Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archae ology, ASI,
Heritag e Divisio n,Minis try of Railwa ys,MCD and Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archae ology,
DDA SPA, MCD and Delhi Waqf Board ASI
19-26
Strategy/Project
Projec t Cost in Rs
2007 -08
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201112
Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt. GNCTD Departme nt of Archaeolo gy, MCD Town Planning Departme nt Heritage Cell/ Heritage Society , DTTDC GNCTD Dept of Archaeolo gy, MCD Town Planning Departme nt Heritage Cell/ Heritage Society , DTTDC DDA Urban Heritage Foundatio n, MCD Town Planning Departme ntHeritage Cell/ Heritage Society GNCTD Departme nt of Archaeolo gy, Local stakehold ers and communit y organizati ons represent atives, MCD
Rs in Crore (vi) b. Revitalization of surroundings of Jama Masjid)
234
50
184
GNCTD Dept of Archae ology, MCD
(vii)Restoration of Town Hall and Preparation of a comprehensive heritage management plan including selection of appropriate adaptive reuses
GNCTD Dept of Archae ology, MCD
(viii) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated heritage zones and precincts initially in the Walled City (Ballimaran, Maliwara, Dharampura, Churiwalan, Kinari Bazaar) and Urban villages (Regeneration of old inner city area) (ix) Regeneration of inner (Old) city area
45
10
10
11
11
MCD
40
15
10
10
MCD Heritag e Cell and Society , Local stakeh olders and commu nity organiz ations represe
19-27
Strategy/Project
Projec t Cost in Rs
2007 -08
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201112
Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt. Heritage Cell and Society ntative s
Rs in Crore
D) ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict havelis, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and shikargahs in rural villages for provision of essential community facilities
35
13
(ii) Retrofitting of services and rationalisation of space utilisation in heritage buildings currently used for community purposes
GNCTD Departme nt of Archaeolo gy, Waqf Board, Local stakehold ers and communit y organizati ons represent atives, MCD Town Planning Dept., Heritage Cell and Society, and Education al institutio ns -SPA Ministry of Railways, GNCTD Departme nt of Archaeolo gy, Waqf Board, Local stakehold ers and traders/ hotel associatio ns, communit y represent atives, MCD,
MCD Heritag e Cell and Society , Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archae ology,
Heritag e Divisio n,Minis try of Railwa ys,MCD and Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archae ology,
19-28
Strategy/Project
Projec t Cost in Rs
2007 -08
2008 -09
2009 -10
2010 -11
201112
Rs in Crore D. REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS (i) Development of DTTDC, thematic heritage DTC, tourism circuits as an DMRC integrated network with with MCD DTTDC, signage systems, Hotel Heritage heritage site linked Cell& interpretation centres/ 60 15 15 10 10 10 Touris Heritage site museums, tourist Society, m facilities, low speed DDA, ASI, Associa circuit transport for tions GNCTD tourists battery buses, Dept of bicycle tracks, Archaeolo integrated with the gy, Metro network Mainte (ii) Revival and MCD, nance Revitalisation of historic DDA, costs water Systems and INTACH, buildings including SPA, DJB, could be fully Baolis, Embankments, Forest Sluicegates, Talaos, Departme borne by the Catchment areas, Hauz, 12 5 3 4 nt, Sarais and Kos Minars of Departme private Delhi nt of sector Irrigation under and Flood PPPSIAM or Control, ACMA DTTDC (iii) Awareness generation materials Depart and educational tools to DTTDC & nment enable children to form Departme 3 3 of cognitive maps of nt of Educati Historic Delhi linked Education on with curriculum of Delhi schools (iv) Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Hotel at 2 2 0 0 0 0 Private Private Kashmirigate TOTAL 582 74 154 272 47 35
The estimated O&M cost of heritage projects is Rs 51.1 Crore. The detail breakup of the cost is given in table below:
O&M Cost in Rs @3%
Strategy/Project
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Rs in Crore A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1.3
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.5
19-29
B) ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRE
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS AND AREA REGENERATION PROGRAMMES (i) Government (ii) Private D. ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDING OR PRECINCT 24.4 15.5 3.2
0 0 0
0.8 0.1 0.2
3.6 1.2 0.8
9.6 4.5 1.0
10.4 9.7 1.1
E) REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS (i) Government (ii) Private 2.1 3.7
0 0 0
0.2 0.5 2.1
0.5 0.8 7.3
0.6 1.1 17.6
0.8 1.3 24.1
TOTAL
51.2
19.8
URBAN ENVIRONMENT The main agencies responsible for environmental management in Delhi are the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
19.8.1 Summary of Strategies Projects have been proposed under the following strategies: i. ii. iii. (i) Outreach and capacity building Enhancement of forests and green cover Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution
Outreach and capacity Building (a) The creation of awareness on noise pollution regulations; training in best practices for the reduction in air and water pollution; & techniques of water conservation; these would cover citizens, community groups and RWAs.
(ii)
Enhancement of Forests and Green Cover Projects proposed include: (a) South Delhi Greenway Project: aiming at the rejuvenation of selected drains in South Delhi through the development of a continuous stretch of green along their course.
19-30
(b)
Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city: To include a complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna. This would provide a base document for afforestation measures including tree planting, distribution of saplings, conservation of soil and moisture; water harvesting etc; as well as for on-going initiatives such as the conservation of the Asola Wildlife Sanctuary. GIS based Database of natural resources of the city including forest and vegetation cover, land use pattern, water bodies and others: This is a necessary tool for the effective management of environmental resources in the city.
(c)
(iii)
Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution Projects proposed include: (a) Reduction in Air Pollution: The reduction in air pollution measures are multi agency and would be linked to automobiles, power plants, domestic and commercial diesel generating sets, open burning, industrial operations and others. Indirectly it would be responsibility of the automobile manufacturers, oil companies, generator manufacturers and others to incorporate designs and specifications which would reduce air pollution. Some of the major strategies for the reduction in the air pollution have been outlined earlier (Refer Strategies for Development). In addition to these, a project for the augmentation of the continuous air pollution monitoring system is also proposed. This would include installation of more number of air quality monitoring stations in the city. Water Pollution: YAP II has focussed on preparation of master plans and DPRs for non point sources of pollution, including the dhobhi ghats, crematoria, dairy farms, slaughter houses and slum rehabilitation. Further augmentation of the plans and schemes under YAP II , addressing the Dhobi Ghats, crematoria and disposal of dairy waste have been proposed. YAP II includes the preparation of a master plan for the water bodies in Delhi in order to decentralize waste waster collection and treatment; and reuse systems to intercept polluting wastewater flow in water bodies. It is proposed to augment this master plan with a DPR to study the water quality, reclamation, catchment areas and the drainage of these water bodies under this programme. This study could also assess the potential of recharge of the ground water table through the rejuvenation of the water bodies. It is also proposed to implement the outputs of the DPR. Augmentation of ground water monitoring stations has also been proposed. (c) Noise Pollution: The overall goal is to minimize noise pollution in the city. The enforcement of relevant regulation is critical, as well as awareness of the same among citizens. Awareness raising for the same has ben proposed under the project proposed for outreach and training.
(b)
19-31
(d)
Environmental Health: Awareness drives amongst the community to adopt measures to keep their surroundings clean so that the incidence of diseases may be controlled will also be included in the outreach and training programmes.
Cost in Rs 200708 200809 200910 2010 -11 2011 -12 Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt.
Strategy/Project
RS IN CRORE A Outreach Capacity Building i) Create awareness for water conservation and the techniques, training 16 8 8 programmes for the RWAs, display & promotional material & schools, hospitals, change institutions. B. Enhancement of Forest & Green Cover i) South Delhi 227 40 70 Greenway Project ii) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city. To include a 0.7 0.7 complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna iii) Protection of Delhi ridge including 5 2 2 restoration of ecology and for demarcation of bunds. iv) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city 2 1 1 including forest and vegetation cover, land use pattern, water bodies and others C. Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 9 web linked continuous air 15 8 7 quality monitoring stations ii) Action projects 50 25 25 of the Master Plan
DJB & NGO
67
50
Privat e
SPV
Forest Depart ment
Forest Depar tment
Forest Depart ment
Forest Depar tment
Forest Depart ment
Forest Depar tment
CPCB & DPCC MCD
Pvt.
Pvt.
19-32
Strategy/Project for Dhobighats Sudhar Yojna under the YAP II. Creating alternate better infrastructure for the dhobis, treatment facility for the waste water and drainage in to the river iii) Action projects for the collection, transport and treatment of the dairy waste under the YAP II. This would include installation of treatment plants, methane generation plants and drainage system for the dairy waste iv) Upgradation of the crematoria in the city to make them environmentally better (air pollution treatment equipment). Master plans under the YAP II to be implemented v) River Front Development including walkways, recreation facilities, kiosks, water sports etc vi) Installation of 2 water quality stations for monitoring and gauging. TOTAL
Cost in Rs
200708
200809
200910
2010 -11
2011 -12
RS IN CRORE
50
25
25
SPV & Pvt
SPV
10
MCD
MCD
50
20
20
10
SPV
SPV
SPV
SPV
430.7
136.7
166
78
50
The envisaged O&M cost of the environment projects is Rs 39.6 Crore. The details of this are given in table below.
19-33
Strategy/Project
Total O&M Cost @ 3%
2007-08 2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
RS IN CRORE
B. Enhancement of Forest & Green Cover Private Government 16.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.1 3.3 0.2 5.3 0.3 6.8 0.2
C. Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution Private Government Total 17.4 4.8 39.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.6 4.3 4.8 1.2 9.5 5.1 1.5 12.1 5.1 1.5 13.6
19.9
URBAN GOVERNANCE GIS and MIS based database system for land and building records are essential in evaluation of the land situation in the city; and the assessment of property tax. This will form a common base document for the reference of all agencies involved in urban management. Moreover, effective governance will be substantially improved through interdepartmental information sharing and departmental capacity building.
Cost in Rs 2007 -08 2008 -09 2009 -10 2010 -11 201112 Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt.
Strategy/Project (i) Development of GIS/MIS based database system for Land and Building Records (ii) Development of E-governance for various services of ULBs (iii) Capacity building of the MCD, NDMC and Parastatal departments TOTAL
Rs in Crore 5.0 2.5 2.5 Revenue Deptt Revenue Deptt
1.0
0.5
0.5
UDD
UDD
3.0 9.00
1.0 4
1.0 4
1.0 1
UDD
UDD
The O&M cost for maintenance of governance infrastructure is Rs 0.2 Crores. 19.10 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS While projects for land and growth management do not form part of the core focus of the JNNURM programme, this aspect remains integral to the smooth functioning and sustainable development of the city. Delhi, in particular, has
19-34
suffered in this respect, due to the peculiar institutional arrangement for growth management in the city. While this is addressed in a further chapter, a few initiatives are proposed below, aimed at easing the growth requirements of the city, and facilitating overall management. (a) Decentralization of trade fair from the core city: The location of the existing trade fair grounds, which was once peripheral with respect to the rest of the city, is now fairly central. Circulation in this area is severely affected due to the tremendous traffic generated when the annual international trade fair is held. It is proposed to relocate the trade fair grounds to more peripheral locations in the city, having good public transport connectivity through the metro. Redevelopment of low density government housing estates in the core city: Large areas of land in prime areas of the city are occupied by low density government estates. These include Dev Nagar and the DIZ Area in the north; Lodi Colony, Vinay Nagar (Sarojini Nagar, Laxmi Bai Nagar, Kidwai Nagar), Sewa Nagar, R.K. Puram, Saket MB road developments in the south, among others. Land use these areas has now become inefficient, due to the development in the surrounding areas. Moreover the ownership of these lands by public agencies represents a huge opportunity to meet the growth requirements of the city. Several cities, including New York, Shanghai, and more recently, London, have undertaken a systematic redevelopment of areas in order to meet contemporary growth needs. In view of the limited implementation of development proposals in the past, this is now an urgent requirement of the city, and can be undertaken with private sector participation in order to defray costs (after a clear structure for the same has been developed) A study, to initiate this process has been recommended. The annual O&M cost of these projects is Rs 0.2 crore.
Cost in Rs 2007 -08 2008 -09 2009 -10 2010 -11 201112 Agencies Responsible for Cap. O&M Invt.
(b)
Strategy/Project (i) Development of Trade Centres in North-East and West of City - 2 Nos (ii) Study for Identification and Development options in Government Land in Core City area-5 Nos TOTAL
Rs in Crore 15 2 5 8 UDD UDD
UDD
UDD
20
SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR
19-35
19.11 URBAN SLUMS AND POOR The existing agency responsible for redevelopment and relocation of slums in the city is the Slum Department, under the MCD. 19.11.1 Summary of Strategies
Projects have been proposed under the following strategies: i. In-situ redevelopment at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying locations (relocation), for outright purchase. Connectivity to work centers to be assured. Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or NGOs with government support Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies, and existing relocation sites Provision of housing (on-going) for the urban poor In-situ re-construction of Katras.
ii.
iii.
iv. v. vi. (i)
In-situ redevelopment at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc Group shelter schemes (G+1 and G+2) are proposed. These will offer a range of rooms and flats, and accommodate (on redevelopment) more households in comparatively smaller area and better sanitation facilities. Such schemes can be promoted by the GNCTD, through Ngos, or trusts; or private sector participation (Private Developers). Private Developers or Government may obtain funding from national housing finance institutions which provide low cost funds leaving enough margins for the developing agency to meet administrative and running costs. (Refer section on Institutional Reforms Slum Housing Corporation) Dwelling units will be provided on hire-purchase basis and the title would be transferred on payment of all installments by the beneficiaries. The cost of the housing units will be made repayable over 15 years (maximum) carrying interests at the maximum 2 per cent over the rate at which the funds were acquired from the national financing institutions. Assuming an interest rate of about 8 %, , the EMI (equated monthly installment) on a hire purchase amount of Rs 50,000 would be approx. Rs. 400 per month. There are 728 JJ clusters spread over an area of 650 hectare. It has been proposed to develop G+1housing in 603 JJ clusters and G+2 housing in 125 JJ
19-36
clusters (Appendix 19-1). Some of the land at the improvement sites would be released for high value uses, such as commercial development along arterial roads of the scheme. The surpluses realized would be used to cross- subsidise costs of housing. Moreover, the development of 10 transit camps (2 in North; 3 in East; 3 South West and 2 in West) on 10 hectare land to accommodate households during redevelopment has also been proposed. (ii) Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying locations (relocation) Households which chose, and have the capacity to, own plots and construct units, can opt for relocation at outlying locations with assured connectivity to work centers. This aims to provide households with a means to improve their living standards through a process in which people themselves participate. Provision of infrastructure may be basic to keep costs low, with the option to upgrade incrementally. The projects identified under this head are (a) relocation of 5000 dwelling units from slum areas of city; (b) Development of site for 10720 dwelling units at Kanjhawala, Ghogha and Bapraula. The plot sizes are 27sqm; (c) Development of plot at Savda Ghevda accommodating around 20,000JJs; (d) Development of 10 transit camps (2 in North; 3 in East; 3 South West and 2 in West) on 10 hectare land to accommodate households during redevelopment. (iii) Development of night shelters in the city and at outlying locations: It is proposed to develop night shelters in Walled City area, near industrial complexes, and near the relocation sites in outlying areas, in order to provide long stay facilities for low income workers --- beds or single rooms with shared facilities. Five facilities are proposed. Exact location and holding capacity would have to be determined. Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies, and 11 existing relocation sites This includes (a) Infrastructure upgradation of 11 existing relocation sites: This involves developing street lighting system, construction of community toilets, community halls, child care centers etc. Infrastructure upgradation in 44 resettlement colonies Revival Plan for Community Work Centers: Development of the community work centers at various locations in the city (with approximate area of 22.33m2 per work space) spread over an area of 22383m2. The project cost is Rs 29.23 crore.
(iv)
(b) (c)
(v)
Provision of housing (on-going) for the urban poor: This extent of supply is estimated to be required to cater to the demand for low income housing until 2012. This demand will have to be met in a timely manner in order to prevent the development of new slum pockets in the city. The projects identified are (a) (b) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Rohini-1770 DUs; Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Dwarka-2550 DUs;
19-37
(c) (d) (e) (f)
Construction of 12560 EWS houses at village Siraspur and Sector-26, Rohini; Worker Housing with cost effective technologies at Narela, Bhorgarh and Bawana; Housing for Urban Poor through development of EWS Housing and Development of Night Shelters in Walled City area and Industrial Complexes-5 Nos.
(vi)
In-situ re-construction of Katras: The in-situ reconstruction of 25 government owned Katras (out of 319 katras) in the walled city area has been proposed The cost for reconstruction is Rs 70 Crore.
PROJEC T COST 200708 200809 200910 201011 201112 Agencies Responsible for Capital O&M Investment
Strategy / Project
Rs in Crore
A) IN-SITU REDEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS (i) In situ redevelopment of Slumsproviding water supply, road network, drainage and Housing etc. (i)a Upgradation of Street Lighting system (i)b Construction of Community Toilets-1200 Nos. (v) Development of Sites for Transit Camps10 Nos (i) Relocation of 5000 JJ Units (ii) Development of Relocation Sites at Kanjhawala, Ghogha and Bapraula (iii) Development of plots at Savda Slum Department/ Private Developers/ Beneficiary Private Develo per/Be neficia ry
783
150
200
200
100
133
300
100
50
75
75
Slum Department
Commu nity
17
10
MCD
NGO
80
80
MCD
MCD
B) DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICED PLOTS (RELOCATION) 30 10 10 10 MCD Cooper ative
217
80
55
55
27
DSIDC
Cooper ative
250
100
100
50
MCD
Cooper ative
19-38
Strategy / Project
PROJEC T COST
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112
Agencies Responsible for Capital O&M Investment
Rs in Crore
Gevra-20000JJ C: DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS (vi) Development of Night Shelters in Walled City area Industrial Complexes and other sites -5 Nos
15
15
MCD
Cooper ative
D INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION (RESETTLEMENT COLONIES AND RESETTLEMENT SITES) (i) Infrastructure upgradation in 85 20 30 35 44 resettlement colonies (ii) Infrastructure 50 100 50 upgradation of 239 11 existing relocation sites (iii) Revival Plan for Community 30 15 15 Work Centres 2 (22383 m ) (iv) Civic 200 75 50 50 Amenities like Community Halls E. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR THE URBAN POOR (i) MultiStoreyed 50 25 25 Tenements at Rohini-1770 DUs (ii) MultiStoreyed Tenements at 73 30 25 18 Dwarka-2550 DUs (iii) Construction of 13840 EWS houses at village 400 100 170 60 Siraspur and Sector-26, Rohini (iv) Worker Housing with cost effective 101 50 51 technologies at Narela, Bhorgarh and Bawana (v) Housing for Urban Poor through development of 750 100 100 250
0 0
Slum Department/ Pvt. Developer DSIDC
Pvt. Develo per Cooper ative
39
DSIDC
DSIDC
25
MCD
MCD
Slum Deptt
Cooper ative
Slum Deptt
Cooper ative
30
40
DDA
Cooper ative
DSIDC
Cooper ative
150
150
Slum Department
Cooper ative
19-39
Strategy / Project
PROJEC T COST
200708
200809
200910
201011
201112
Agencies Responsible for Capital O&M Investment
Rs in Crore
EWS Housing (vi) Rehabilitation & Resettlement of slum dwellers at Narela Phase-II & Rohini (i) Reconstruction of Katras in old city areas TOTAL COST in Rs Crore
710
200
200
150
100
60
DDA
DDA
F: IN-SITU RE-CONSTRUCTION OF KATRAS 70 20 20 20 10 Slum Department/ Pvt. Developer Pvt. Develo per
4400
1230
1208
1023
574
383
The O&M cost due to the new investment is estimated at Rs. 557.3 Crore. This will be borne by various agencies, including the Slum Department, DSIDC, Private Developers, Cooperatives etc.
O&M COST 2007-08 @ 5% 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Strategy/Project
Rs in Crore A) PROVISION OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE & GROUP HOUSING

Private Developer/Beneficiary
85.0
0.0
7.5
17.5
27.5
32.5
Community
38.8 3.2 16.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
5.0 0.5 4.0
7.5 0.9 4.0
11.3 0.9 4.0
15.0 0.9 4.0
NGO MCD
B. DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE PLOTS

Cooperative
75.7
0.0
9.5
17.8
23.5
24.9
C. DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS

MCD
3.2
0.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
D. INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION
Private Developer
12.1
0.0
1.0
2.5
4.3
4.3
19-40
Cooperative DSIDC
32.0 5.3 28.9
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.5 0.8 3.8
7.5 1.5 6.3
10.0 1.5 8.8
12.0 1.5 10.0
MCD
E. PROVISION OF HOUSING
Cooperative DSIDC Slum Department DDA
73.4 17.8 67.5 90.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.8 2.5 5.0 10.0
18.8 5.1 10.0 20.0
22.7 5.1 22.5 27.5
24.2 5.1 30.0 32.5
F. IN-SITU RECONSTRUCTION
Pvt. Developer
9.5 558.4
0.0 0.0
1.0 61.7
2.0 122.2
3.0 173.3
3.5 201.2
TOTAL COST
19.12 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT PLAN The shares of major sectors as shown in figure are water supply (7%); sewerage (11.5%); road network & transportation (56%); and urban poor and slums (18%) respectively. Funding Pattern: The projects for investment support in Delhi are eligible for Central assistance under the following conditions: In case any JNNURM project is also approved as externally aided project (EAP), the EAP funds can be passed through as Accelerated Central Assistance to the State Government as funds contributed by States, ULBs, FIs; and JNNURM funds can be used as GoI contribution. If necessary, internal resources of implementing agencies, MP or MLA Local Area Development (LAD) Funds and MLA LAD funds may be substituted for institutional finance or State share.
a.
Projects under appraisal by Sub-Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure and Governance
200708 200809 200910 201011 201112
Strategy/Project
Project Cost
CG
35
SG
15
ULB/ FI
50
RS IN CRORE SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE
19-41
Water Supply Sewerage Road Network and Transportation System Storm Water Drainage Solid Management Heritage Conservation City Environment Urban Governance Other Projects Street Lighting SUB-TOTAL Waste and
1632 2755 13487 231 593 582 431 9 20 25 19740
535 605 2886 96 222 74 137 4 5 5 4563
500 675 3534 101 181 154 166 4 7 5 5322
330 605 3986 26 101 272 78 1 8 5 5407
167 495 1610 8 51 46 50 0 0 5 2427
100 375 1471 0 38 35
571 964 4720 81 208 204 151
245 413 2023 35 89 87 65 1 3 4 2961
816 1378 6743 116 297 291 215 5 10 13 9870
0 0 5 2019
3 7 9 6909
In the case of urban transport projects, the standard pattern of assistance of 35 per cent will not apply. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), while considering any such project proposal, may decide the level of equity and/or loan to be provided by the central government. This funding pattern is proposed for public financed projects. In case of projects incorporating public-private partnerships, the Central governments share shall not exceed the amounts prescribed. b. Projects under appraisal by the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban Poor Housing should not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution with bank loan should be stipulated (10 per cent in case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections).
Project Cost 200708 200809 200910 201011 201112
CG
35
SG
15
Strategy/Project
ULB/ FI
50
RS IN CRORE SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Housing SUB-TOTAL TOTAL Slum and 4400 4400 24140 1230 1230 5793 1208 1208 6530 1023 1023 6430 556 556 2983 383 383 2402
2200 2200 9109
2200
0 2200 2961 12070
19-42
Chapter 20 : Financial Sustenance Plan
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 20 Financial Sustenance Plan
CHAPTER - 20 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN

20.1 INTRODUCTION In order to assess the investment sustaining capacity of MCD, NDMC and DJB, the municipal fiscal situation has been simulated, based on a Financial Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year forecast of municipal finances for a term of 15 years. It has been used to forecast the revenue income and operating expenditures for the period between FY 2005-06 and FY 2019-20. In order to gauge the sector-specific fiscal situation and determine options for project structuring, the FOP has been generated for the following three major accounts: (a) MCD Accounts (b); NDMC Accounts and (c): DJB Accounts for water & sewerage. 20.2 DEPARTMENT WISE INVESTMENT The department wise capital investments are presented in the table below. Some of the projects that are under the ambit of the MCD & parastatal departments, but can be taken up with private sector participation, have been segregated and it is assumed that for these projects 50% of the funding would be from the GoI & the State Government and some part of the balance 50% would come from the private sector as equity. In this case part of the operation and maintenance would be the responsibility of the private sector, who would also agree on a revenue sharing arrangement with the MCD & parastatal departments. In case of projects relating to urban slums and poor, it is assumed that 15% of the project cost would be borne by the beneficiaries. Taking into account the above assumptions, the proposed means of financing for the Rs 24,140 crores investment is given in the table below.
Department wise Investment Rs Crore 2007-08 DDA DIMTS DJB DJB & NGO DSIDC Forest Department Govt/Pvt. MCD NDMC Private PWD Revenue Deptt 1199 6505 4385 16 587 7.7 23 2780.87 88 1033 4988.5 5 312 1305 1139 8 195 3.7 23 730.2 13 274 1275.5 2.5 819.13 18 345 1683 2.5 735.44 22 227 1535 270.4 20 137.5 297.5 225.7 15 49.5 197.5 2008-09 385 1300 1174 8 221 3 105 1 66 2009-10 250 1850 935 2010-11 143 1025 662 2011-12 109 1025 475
20-1
Chapter 20 Finance Sustenance Plan
Slum Department STA TRAFFIC POLICE UDD Intach GNCTD State Archeology DTTDC ASI GRAND TOTAL
2111 13 3 24 4 228 80 43.13 24140
445 2 1 6.5 0.5 20 7 23.3 5795
450 2 1 8.5 0.5 60 25 16.37 6529
598 3 1 9 1 120 35 2.56 6430
335 3
283 3
1 10 13 0.6 2984
1 18
0.3 2402
20.3
O&M COST OF INVESTMENT The O&M cost of various projects is Rs. 4972 Crore. In order to meet the O&M cost, due to new investments, it has been proposed to revise the unit area value, water tax (the normal revision of water tax as per DJB norms are proposed), sewerage tax and other revenue sources as discussed in the following sections.
Strategy/Project
Total Cost Government Private Beneficiary Rs in Crore
Total O&M
% age
SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE Water Supply Sewerage Road Network Transportation System Storm Water Drainage Solid Waste Management Heritage and Conservation City Environment Urban Governance Other Projects SUB-TOTAL and
1632 2755 13487 231 593 582 431 9 20 19740
446.7 615.0 1954.7 37.4 50.8 32.0 5.6 0.2 0.6 3143
0.0 0.0 1218.5 0.0 0.0 19.2 34.0 0.0 0.0 1272
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
446.7 10% 615.0 10% 3172.2 10% 37.4 50.8 51.1 39.6 0.2 0.6 4414 5% 3% 3% 3% 2% 3%
SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Housing Slum and
4400
229
110
220
558
5%
20-2
SUB-TOTAL TOTAL
4400 24140
229 3372
110 1382
220 220
558 4972
20.4
NEED FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES While the MCD and Parastatal departments can contribute part of the capital to the capital investments required by undertaking revenue enhancement initiatives, innovative methods of financial structuring of the projects will also need to be undertaken.
20.5
ASSUMPTIONS FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INTIATIVES The ability of MCD, NDMC, DJB and Parastatal Departments to sustain the investments made for the identified projects is based upon the closing balance (surplus/deficit) indication, for each of their accounts. The sustainability was determined based on the criteria that the closing balance requires indicating an annual surplus in the respective accounts.
20.5.1 Key assumptions for FOP The income and expenditure for all three major revenue earning departments namely Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and Delhi Jal Board (DJB) accounts (water, drainage and general) were forecast and assessed as the basis for the investment sustenance analysis. The limits for the growth rates of various revenue streams have been fixed between 3% and 15%. For those heads with growth rate less than 3%, it is assumed that it will be brought up to 3%; and for those more than 15%, it is assumed that it will be sustained at 15% at least. The guiding assumptions for forecasting income and expenditure items were: Table 20.1: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - MCD
No. Item Assumption for Forecast Basis (Current Rate 2005-06) 1. MCD ACCOUNTS-TAX AND NON-TAX REVENUE SOURCES A TAX REVENUE SOURCES 1 a PROPERTY TAX Persons assessment per 10 13 (2003-04) indicating under-assessment of properties UAM was adopted in FY 2004-05. The MVC revises the rates every 3 years Annual Growth rate of population (1991-2001): 3.85 % Digitisation and Computerisation of property tax records will be completed by 2008-09,
b c
Unit Area Value Growth in Number of Properties Assessed Coverage
15 % every three years (FY 2007-08 and 2010- 11) 3% Will increase from 66% (2006-07) to 85% (2009-10)
20-3
No.
Item
Assumption for Forecast
Basis (Current Rate 2005-06) enabling efficiencies in coverage to be effected
Collection Efficiency
Realisation Property Tax
of
Against Arrear Demand: 7 % in 2005-06 to 20 % in 2012 13 Against Current Demand:36 % (2005-06) to 90 % in 20102011 MCD's revenue from property tax, before 200405 (year in which UAM was implemented) was approx. 775 cr. In 2004-05, it fell to 575 cr., due to the UAM values assigned. It is the aim of the ULB to return it's tax revenue to pre-2004 levels by 2007-08. It has been assumed that this will be achieved by 2008-09, at the latest (the MVC is currently reviewing the values assigned in order to achieve this) 15.0% 3.0% 15.0% 15.0% 11.5% 15.0% 15.0%
Consultations with the Property Tax Department, MCD
Consultations with the Property Tax Department, MCD
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Taxes on Vehicles and Animals Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Tax on Building Permission Toll tax Duty on Transfer of Property Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity RENTS AND FEES Fines and Process Fee Education Fee Fines for Cattle Pounds Fees from Hospitals Fees from Vehicles Licenses Tehbazari fee etc Rents on Land, Buildings and Car
23.3% -9.4% 21.3% 113.2% 11.5% 21.7% 27.7%
TAX REVENUE SOURCES
15.0 % 14.1 % 3.0 % 4.6 % 3.0 % 15.0 % 15.0 %
26.4 % 14.2 % -12.8 % 4.6 % -5.3 % 320.8 % 28.7 %
20-4
No.
Item Parking Special Registration for Trades Public Health and Conversancy and Street Cleaning Miscellaneous OTHERS Development Charges Road Restoration Charges Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes Others Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned Education GrantReimbursement Grant Ways and Means Advance CAPITAL INCOME Existing General Grants Existing Loans
Assumption for Forecast
Basis (Current Rate 2005-06)
8 9 10 II 1 2 3 4 III 1 2 3 IV 1 2
3.0 % 14.1 % 3.0 %
2.6 % 14.2 % -11.9 %
3.0 % 3.0 % 15.0 % 15.0 %
-2.3 % -19.8 % 252.2 % 23.8 %
EXTERNAL REVENUE SOURCES 13.08 % 15.00 % 0% 13.08 % 43.19 % -45.14 %
3.54 % 15.00 %
3.54 % 17.68 %
2. MCD ACCOUNTS-REVENUE EXPENDITURE General Supervision, 1 11.81 % collection of revenues etc 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses Licensing, removal of Encroachments Gardens and Open Spaces 4.55 % 7.47 % 4.66 % 8.91 % 7.88 % 3.00 % 11.92 % 6.60 % 3.13 % 7.49 %
11.81 % 4.55 % 7.47 % 4.66 % 8.91 % 7.88 % -14.91 % 11.92 % 6.60 % 3.13 % 7.49 %
20-5
No. 12 13 14
Item Development Charges Miscellaneous
Assumption for Forecast 15.00 % 13.39 % 7.65 % 15.00 % 3.00 %
Basis (Current Rate 2005-06) 33.92 % 13.39 % 7.65 % 235.01 % 2.79 %
Building Land Acquisition and Management Reserves for 15 unforeseen 3. CAPITAL WORKS General Capital 1 Works
Table 20.2: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - DJB

No. A 1 2 3 Item Water charges NDMC MES Assumption for Forecast 15.00 %, EVERY 3 RD YEAR 3.00 % 15.00 % The non-Plan assistance has been worked out with a view to meeting the deficit between the Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure. 3.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 13.79 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 4.44 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 10.57 % 3.00 % 6.36 % Basis (CAGR 2001-05) INCOME FROM REVENUE ACCOUNT 8.68% 9.35% 9.93%
Non-Plan Assistance
14.34%
5 B 1 2 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D 1
Misc. Income Grant Loan Establishment Other administrative Expenses Power Repair & Maintenance General Stores and Chemicals Cost of Raw Water Property Tax Repayment of loan and Interest Cess General Works
113.15 % -49.35 % 16.06 % 13.79 % 172.95 % 2.00 % -16.28 % 4.44 % 56.97 % -52.14 % 10.57 % -5.16 % 6.36 %
INCOME FROM CAPITAL ACCOUNT
EXPENDITURE ON REVENUE ACCOUNT
EXPENDITURE ON CAPITAL ACCOUNT
20-6
Table 20.3: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - NDMC

No. A. 1 a b 2 3 4 5 6 B 1 2 3 4 5 6 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 D 1 2 3 E. 1 2 F 1 Item House tax Govt property Private property Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Duty on Transfer of Property Other Taxes Building related receipts FEES AND FINES Fines Composition Fee Sewer Connection fee Compounding Fee Inspection Fee Others OTHERS Interest Administrative Dept. Social Services Electricity Water Supply 15.00 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 99.81 % 244.87 % -8.81 % -5.59 % 423.2 % -5.38 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 26.51 % 36.73 % -13.44 % -4.67 % -51.25 % 103.93 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 15.00 % 10.23 % 15.00 % 10.59 % 15.75 % 2.41 % 37.21 % 35.32 % 10.23 % 70.41 % 10.59 % Assumption for Forecast Basis Basis (Current Rate 2005-06) WATER AND SEWERAGE ACCOUNTS
Other Municipal 3.00 % works EXTERNAL REVENUE Advances to Employees External Assistance Assigned Taxes CAPITAL INCOME External Assistance Deposit Works Collection of Taxes & Duties 15.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 15.00 %
-15.64 % 20.91 % 23.83 %
35.79 % -2.25 %
REVENUE EXPENDITURE 3.00 % 2.44 %
20-7
No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Item Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance Administrative Dept. Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other Social Services Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Deposit Works
Assumption for Forecast 3.00 % 13.05 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 4.15 % 3.00 % 15.00 %
Basis Basis (Current Rate 2005-06) -48.17 % 13.05 % -2.98 % 2.31 % -7.64 % -2.53 % -17.10 % 2.40 % -23.75 % -100.00 % 1.16 % -3.01 % 22.07 % 4.15 % -22.66 % 37.08 %
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE 15.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 15.00 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 493.27 % 1.19 % 16.03 % -100.00 % -3.16 % 28.60 % 0.07 % 23.24 % -3.98 % -4.75 %
20.6
PROPOSED CASH FLOW OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI Based on the above FOP assumptions and financial reforms the cash flow for MCD in Rs Crore, based on actuals for FY 2005-06 and projected for the period starting in FY 2006-07 to FY 2011-12 is presented in tabular form below and in Annex. 20-1.
20-8
Table 20.4: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of MCD

Description Opening Balance A. TAX REVENUE Property Tax Other Tax Revenue Sub-Total B. NON-TAX REVENUE Rent and Fees Other Charges External Revenue Sub-Total REVENUE INCOME 68.8 177.4 804.6 1050.8 2,019.0 78.2 198.5 917.7 1194.4 2,303.4 89.1 222.6 1,046.9 1358.6 2,785.7 101.5 250.2 1,194.3 1546.0 3,293.4 115.8 281.6 1,362.6 1760.0 3,933.6 132.1 317.7 1,554.6 2004.4 4,664.3 150.9 358.9 1,773.9 2283.7 5,098.7 486.4 481.8 968.2 558.8 550.1 1,108.9 798.9 628.2 1,427.1 1030.0 717.5 1,747.4 1354.2 819.4 2,173.6 1724.3 935.5 2,659.8 1747.3 1,067.7 2,815.0 200506 499.8 2006-07 1,532.2 2007-08 4,069.8 2008-09 6,348.3 2009-10 8,666.5 2010-11 11,103.7 2011-12 13,965.0
REVENUE EXPENDITURE General Supervision and collection of 58.6 revenues Other administrative 1,676.4 expenses Debt Servicing New O&M REVENUE EXPENDITURE SURPLUS/DEFICIT CAPITAL INCOME Existing Grants Sub-Total CAPITAL EXPENDITURE General Capital Works JNNURM Works Sub-Total SURPLUS / DEFICIT Overall Surplus/Deficit Closing Balance 748.9 -74.4 146.6 576 748.9 General 674.5 674.5 1,798.0 221.0 63.0
65.5 1,826.8 63.0 0.0 1,955.3 348.1
73.3 1,992.8 63.0 0.0 2,129.0 656.7
81.9 2,176.1 63.0 45.9 2,367.0 926.4
91.6 2,378.8 63.0 101.1 2,634.5 1,299.0
102.4 2,603.2 63.0 155.4 2,924.0 1,740.3
114.5 2,851.6 63.0 175.9 3,205.0 1,893.7
698.4 698.4
723.1 723.1
748.7 748.7
775.2 775.2
802.6 802.6
831.0 831.0
771.4
794.5 370.9
818.4 427.8 1,246.1 -497.4 429.0 1,495
842.9 373.8 1,216.7 -441.5 857.5 2,352
868.2 141.0 1,009.2 -206.5 1,533.8 3,886
894.2 118.6 1,012.8 -181.8 1,711.9 5,598
771.4 -73.0 275.1 851
1,165.4 -442.3 214.4 1,066
20-9
20.7
PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR DELHI JAL BOARD Based on the assumption for water and sewerage accounts the cash flow of DJB has been projected for 2006-07 to 2011-12. The DJB cash flow shows a positive closing balance with improvement in collection efficiency and enhancement of user charges as presented in the table below and in Annex. 20-2. The revenue income is 73 % of the total revenue account in FY 2011-12. The revenue income has increased from Rs 663 Crore in FY 2005-06 to Rs 1969 Crore in FY 2011-12. Table 20.5: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of DJB
Description Opening Balance
2005-06 -4846.70
2006-07 -5373.15
2007-08 -5840.92
2008-09 -6827.82
2009-10 -7799.04
2010-11 -8580.61
2011-12 -9114.90
A. WATER ACCOUNT Water charges NDMC MES Misc. Income Non-Plan Assistance REVENUE INCOME 425.00 37.86 11.25 32.09 157.00 488.75 41.40 12.37 36.90 162.00 562.06 45.27 13.59 42.44 167.00 775.65 59.41 17.93 58.57 179.00 891.99 64.97 19.71 67.35 300.00 1025.79 71.05 21.67 77.45 400.00 1415.59 93.23 28.58 106.89 325.00
663.20
741.42
830.37
1090.56
1344.03
1595.96
1969.29
REVENUE EXPENDITURE General Administratio n Additional O&M Debt Servicing Existing REVENUE EXPENDTUR E SURPLUS/DE FICIT CAPITAL INCOME General Receipts SUB-TOTAL 805.30 805.30 925.14 925.14 1062.91 1062.91 1221.33 1221.33 1403.47 1403.47 1612.91 1612.91 1853.73 1853.73 662.94 0.00 614.22 1277.16 -613.96 726.12 0.00 644.78 1370.90 -629.48 797.32 0.00 700.91 1498.23 -667.86 877.64 117.42 819.34 1814.40 -723.85 968.34 238.45 935.88 2142.67 -798.65 1070.87 334.75 1029.67 2435.29 -839.33 1186.87 402.94 1093.79 2683.59 -714.30
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE General Works Water SupplyjnNURM 717.79 763.42 811.96 267.50 863.57 257.50 918.47 165.15 976.86 83.50 1038.96 50.00
20-10
Description SeweragejnNURM SUB-TOTAL SURPLUS/DE FICIT Closing Balance
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08 302.50
2008-09 347.63 1468.70 -971.22 -7799.04
2009-10 302.77 1386.39 -781.57 -8580.61
2010-11 247.51 1307.87 -534.29 -9114.90
2011-12 187.50 1276.46 -137.03 -9251.94
717.79 -526.45 -5373.15
763.42 -467.77 -5840.92
1381.96 -986.91 -6827.82
20.8
PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR NDMC New Delhi Municipal Council is a revenue surplus local body, with further scope of improvement of resources through reforms suggested in the above section. The NDMC cash flow shows positive closing balance with improvement in collection efficiency and enhancement of user charges as presented in table below and in Annex. 20-3. Table 20.6: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of NDMC
Description Opening Balance 200506 631.30 2006-07 856.6 2007-08 1094.2 2008-09 1315.8 2009-10 1532.2 2010-11 1756.8 2011-12 2022.2
A. TAX REVENUE Property Tax Other Tax Revenue Sub-Total 154.11 17.03 171.14 161.12 18.79 179.91 168.69 20.73 189.42 176.91 22.87 199.78 185.84 25.23 211.07 195.59 27.83 223.42 206.26 30.71 236.97
B. NON-TAX REVENUE Rent Fees Other Charges External Revenue Sub-Total REVENUE INCOME and 2.32 894.67 53.23 950 1121 2.44 948.38 61.09 1012 1192 2.58 1007.72 70.12 1080 1270 2.73 1073.48 80.49 1157 1356 2.90 1146.55 92.42 1242 1453 3.09 1227.93 106.14 1338 1561 3.29 1318.80 121.91 1444 1681
REVENUE EXPENDITURE General Administrati ve expenses Other expenses New O&M 258.12 732.67 0.0 291.80 761.67 0.0 329.88 792.47 0.0 372.93 825.27 1.3 421.59 860.29 3.1 476.60 897.77 5.3 538.79 937.99 7.3
20-11
Description New Debt Servicing REVENUE EXPENDITU RE SURPLUS/D EFICIT
200506 0.0 990.8 130.56
2006-07 0.0 1053.4 138.33
2007-08 0.0 1122.3 147.48
2008-09 8.9 1214.24 142.24
2009-10 8.9 1299.68 153.25
2010-11 8.9 1394.37 166.19
2011-12 8.9 1498.79 182.16
CAPITAL INCOME NDMC Contributio n Other Contributio n Sub-Total 0.00 25.51 23.33 0.00 27.98 25.51 12.21 30.78 58.50 13.10 33.96 63.53 17.09 37.57 76.68 9.32 41.67 60.87 9.16 25.51 64.57
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE General Capital Works SURPLUS/D EFICIT Closing Balance 35.77 225.35 856.6 39.08 237.59 1094.2 49.32 245.63 1339.86 56.34 228.14 1568.00 62.89 243.61 1811.61 67.34 265.03 2076.64 71.06 293.26 2369.90
20.9
CONCLUSION By undertaking prudent fiscal measures and reforms the MCD is able to enhance its revenue from the current level of Rs. 2,019 Crore to Rs. 5,099 Crore in 201112, out of which income from tax sources amounts to 34 %. In this scenario, it is able to meet the O&M cost of the assets created under NURM.
20-12
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Part I: Revnue Income and Expenditure OPENING BALANCE Revenue Receipts A Internal Revenues A1 Municipal Taxes and Rates 1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Tax on Building Permission Toll tax Duty on Transfer of Property Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity Sub Total- A1 Rents and Fees Fines and Process Fee Education Fee Fines for Cattle Pounds Fees from Hospitals Fees from Vehicles Licenses Tehbazari fee etc Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings 23.25 -9.36 21.28 113.20 11.49 21.75 27.68 15.00 15.00 3.00 15.00 15.00 11.49 15.00 15.00
Rev. in UAM every 3 yrs
Current
Proposed Growth
Unit
1999-00 0.2
2000-01 139.6
Actuals 2001-02 2002-03 Rs Crore 146.0 128.0
2003-04 204.5
2004-05 115.6
558.9 0.4 0.7 6.9 0.5 46.3 64.3 54.6 732.6 3.2 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.8 18.5 13.7 38.5 0.0 82.3 134.5 885.5 190.0 103.3 180.0 473.3 1,358.9
613.1 0.4 0.7 7.6 0.5 50.7 70.5 59.9 803.6 3.5 0.5 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 3.7 4.8 3.9 21.6 15.0 42.2 0.0 89.0 146.2 971.3 227.5 94.0 80.0 401.5 1,372.8
687.0 0.5 0.8 8.5 0.6 56.9 79.0 67.1 900.4 3.3 0.5 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 4.1 4.0 3.2 4.2 20.6 13.9 64.5 3.1 158.7 240.2 1,161.2 247.9 101.5 60.0 409.4 1,570.7
704.1 0.6 0.1 10.4 0.4 54.0 113.0 75.9 958.5 3.6 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.7 3.9 8.0 4.3 4.2 1.3 27.7 3.8 41.7 24.8 129.0 199.3 1,185.5 296.8 117.2 60.0 474.0 1,659.5
768.9 0.9 0.1 11.6 2.9 68.0 143.4 84.4 1,080.3 6.7 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 3.8 8.3 4.0 4.9 1.3 31.7 6.0 17.1 62.6 39.4 125.1 1,237.1 295.3 119.7 0.0 415.0 1,652.1
575.8 1.1 0.1 17.5 1.1 78.1 167.9 162.5 1,004.0 8.9 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.3 28.2 11.4 3.8 5.0 1.3 60.5 6.0 5.6 9.8 87.0 108.4 1,172.9 347.0 358.4 310.0 1,015.4 2,188.4
% % % % % % %
8 Special Registration for Trades 9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning 10 Miscellaneous Sub Total- A2 A3 Others 1 Development Charges 2 Road Restoration Charges 3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 4 Others Sub Total- A3 Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) B External Revenues 1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 3 Ways and Means Advance Sub Total- B Grand Total Receipts Revenue Expenditure
26.39 14.15 -12.82 4.64 -5.28 320.86 28.74 2.56 14.14 -11.95 -2.34 -19.85 252.19 23.87
15.00 14.15 3.00 4.64 3.00 15.00 15.00 3.00 14.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 15.00
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
13.08 43.19 -45.14
13.08 15.00 0.00
% % %
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 General Supervision, collection of revenues Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses Licensing, removal of Encroachments Gardens and Open Spaces Development Charges Miscellaneous Building Land Acquisition and Management Current 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 -14.91 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 33.92 13.39 7.65 235.01 Proposed Growth 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 3.00 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 15.00 13.39 7.65 15.00 Unit % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1999-00 38.2 372.0 1.2 39.0 125.4 260.2 73.4 121.3 3.2 2.0 58.2 3.1 239.7 21.9 0.0 0.0 2000-01 48.0 338.9 0.7 37.4 124.5 263.4 11.1 107.7 3.3 2.4 61.9 4.4 337.6 24.1 7.6 0.0 Actuals 2001-02 2002-03 Rs Crore 53.2 53.1 333.2 369.4 0.7 0.7 37.7 39.2 127.5 147.1 276.0 299.0 8.8 11.4 154.7 132.0 2.7 4.9 2.2 2.2 65.1 63.9 3.8 2.7 479.0 443.1 22.3 21.8 3.8 33.5 0.0 0.0 2003-04 56.1 390.8 1.0 40.9 166.2 334.8 11.2 152.3 4.5 2.1 69.8 2.1 396.6 26.8 22.4 0.0 2004-05 65.7 455.9 1.3 48.4 190.3 378.6 11.6 192.6 3.3 2.3 82.7 6.1 405.4 30.9 75.3 0.0
15 Reserves for unforeseen B. Debt Servicing 1 Debt Servicing-Existing Debt Servicing- loan component of JNNURM (funds 2 received from Center & State - to be ploughed back into revolving fund) C. Additional O&M 1 Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM investment Grand Total Expenditure REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)
1,358.9 -0.1
1,372.8 0.0
1,570.6 0.0
1,624.1 35.4
1,677.7 -25.6
1,950.5 237.9
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Part II: Capital Income and Expenditure Capital Receipts A Grants 1 Exisitng General Grants 2 Grant-cum-soft loan from State Government JNNURM() 3 Grant-cum-soft loan from Central Government JNNURM() Total- Grants B Loans 1 Exisitng General Loans Loan from Financial Institutions-JNNURM (expenses 2 will be meet from internal revenues) Total- Loans Grand Total Capital Income Capital Expenditure 1 General Capital Works 2 Solid Waste Management 3 Roads 4 Heritage Conservation 5 Slum and Poverty Alleivation 6 City Environment 7 Storm Water Drainage Grand Total Capital Expenditure CAPITAL ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR CLOSING BALANCE Summary of Municipal Accounts Opening Balance Receipts 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Income Expenditure 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Current Proposed Growth Unit 1999-00 2000-01 Actuals 2001-02 2002-03 Rs Crore 2003-04 2004-05
3.54
3.54
0.0
515.0
549.5
629.2
600.5
651.5
0.0 17.68 15.00 % 0.0
515.0 62.9
549.5 69.9
629.2 105.1
600.5 112.8
651.5 151.8
0.0 0.0 2.79 3.00 0.0
62.9 577.9 596.3
69.9 619.4 612.6
105.1 734.2 693.3
112.8 713.2 776.4
151.8 803.3 727.1
0.0 0.0 -0.1 0 0.2 1,358.9 0.0 0.0 1,358.9 1,358.9 0.0 0.0
596.3 -18.3 -18.3 121 139.6 1,372.8 577.9 0.0 1,950.8 1,372.8 596.3 0.0
612.6 6.7 6.7 153 146.0 1,570.7 619.4 0.0 2,190.0 1,570.6 612.6 0.0
693.3 41.0 76.4 204 128.0 1,659.5 734.2 0.0 2,393.7 1,624.1 693.3 0.0
776.4 -63.2 -88.8 116 204.5 1,652.1 713.2 0.0 2,365.3 1,677.7 776.4 0.0
727.1 76.2 314.1 430 115.6 2,188.4 803.3 0.0 2,991.7 1,950.5 727.1 0.0
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Grand Municipal Expenditure Municipal Account Status Closing Balance Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.* 4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment* 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.* * - Figures not available (1) Figures shown as zero since project expenditure figures relate only to ULB contribution (50 %) of total project cost.In actual fact, balance 50% of project costs will be met through grant-cum-loan from the Central and State Governments (2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered for debt s (3) Receipt of Ways and Means advance from theState Government ahs been assumed to be Nil. However, any Shortage on the over all accout would be met through Ways & Means advance. Current Proposed Growth Unit 1999-00 1,358.9 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2000-01 1,969.1 121.3 1.00 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Actuals 2001-02 2002-03 Rs Crore 2,183.3 2,317.3 152.7 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204.5 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2003-04 2,454.2 115.6 1.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2004-05 2,677.6 429.7 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Current
Proposed Growth
Unit
2005-06 429.7
2006-07 576.3
2007-08 851.4
2008-09 1,065.8
2009-10 1,494.8
486.4 1.3 0.4 12.0 1.1 87.0 193.1 186.8 968.2 10.2 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.3 32.5 13.1 3.9 5.7 1.3 68.8 10.0 36.0 19.2 112.2 177.4 1,214.4 392.4 412.2 0.0 804.6 2,019.0
558.8 1.5 0.4 12.9 1.3 97.0 222.1 214.9 1,108.9 11.8 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.3 37.3 15.1 4.0 6.6 1.4 78.2 10.3 37.0 22.1 129.0 198.5 1,385.7 443.7 474.0 0.0 917.7 2,303.4
798.9 1.7 0.5 14.0 1.4 108.2 255.4 247.1 1,427.1 13.5 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.3 42.9 17.3 4.2 7.5 1.4 89.1 10.6 38.2 25.4 148.4 222.6 1,738.8 501.8 545.1 0.0 1,046.9 2,785.7
1030.0 1.9 0.5 15.0 1.6 120.6 293.7 284.1 1,747.4 15.6 0.4 0.2 1.5 0.3 49.4 19.9 4.3 8.5 1.4 101.5 11.0 39.3 29.2 170.7 250.2 2,099.1 567.4 626.9 0.0 1,194.3 3,293.4
1354.2 2.2 0.5 15.9 1.8 134.5 337.8 326.8 2,173.6 17.9 0.5 0.2 1.5 0.3 56.8 22.9 4.4 9.7 1.5 115.8 11.3 40.5 33.6 196.2 281.6 2,571.0 641.7 720.9 0.0 1,362.6 3,933.6
% % % % % % %
26.39 14.15 -12.82 4.64 -5.28 320.86 28.74 2.56 14.14 -11.95 -2.34 -19.85 252.19 23.87
15.00 14.15 3.00 4.64 3.00 15.00 15.00 3.00 14.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 15.00
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
13.08 43.19 -45.14
13.08 15.00 0.00
% % %
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 General Supervision, collection of revenues Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses Licensing, removal of Encroachments Gardens and Open Spaces Development Charges Miscellaneous Building Land Acquisition and Management Current 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 -14.91 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 33.92 13.39 7.65 235.01 Proposed Growth 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 3.00 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 15.00 13.39 7.65 15.00 Unit % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 2005-06 58.6 393.8 1.0 42.3 159.9 325.8 21.9 160.5 3.9 2.3 71.9 4.3 434.9 26.5 27.3 63.0 2006-07 65.5 411.7 1.1 44.3 174.2 351.5 22.6 179.7 4.1 2.4 77.3 4.9 493.2 28.5 31.4 63.0 0.0 2007-08 73.3 430.5 1.1 46.4 189.7 379.1 23.2 201.1 4.4 2.4 83.1 5.6 559.2 30.7 36.2 63.0 0.0 2008-09 81.9 450.0 1.2 48.5 206.6 409.0 23.9 225.1 4.7 2.5 89.3 6.5 634.1 33.1 41.6 63.0 0.0 2009-10 91.6 470.5 1.3 50.8 225.0 441.2 24.7 251.9 5.0 2.6 96.0 7.5 719.0 35.6 47.8 63.0 0.0
0.0 1,798.0 221.0 1,955.3 348.1
0.0 2,129.0 656.7
45.9 2,367.0 926.4
101.1 2,634.5 1,299.0
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Part II: Capital Income and Expenditure Capital Receipts A Grants 1 Exisitng General Grants 2 Grant-cum-soft loan from State Government JNNURM() 3 Grant-cum-soft loan from Central Government JNNURM() Total- Grants B Loans 1 Exisitng General Loans Loan from Financial Institutions-JNNURM (expenses 2 will be meet from internal revenues) Total- Loans Grand Total Capital Income Capital Expenditure 1 General Capital Works 2 Solid Waste Management 3 Roads 4 Heritage Conservation 5 Slum and Poverty Alleivation 6 City Environment 7 Storm Water Drainage Grand Total Capital Expenditure CAPITAL ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR CLOSING BALANCE Summary of Municipal Accounts Opening Balance Receipts 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Income Expenditure 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Current Proposed Growth Unit 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
3.54
3.54
674.5
698.4 0.0 0.0
723.1 0.0 0.0 723.1 0.0 0.0
748.7 0.0 0.0 748.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 748.7 818.4 8.0 282.2 19.1 86.0 15.5 17.0 1,246.1 -497.4 429.0 1,495
775.2 0.0 0.0 775.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 775.2 842.9 6.3 267.7 36.8 55.0 0.0 8.0 1,216.7 -441.5 857.5 2,352
674.5 17.68 15.00 %
698.4 0.0
0.0 674.5 2.79 3.00 748.9
0.0 698.4 771.4
0.0 723.1 794.5 12.8 180.0 5.6 145.0 15.0 12.5 1,165.4 -442.3 214.4 1,066
748.9 -74.4 146.6 576
771.4 -73.0 275.1 851
2,019.0 674.5 0.0 2,693.5 1,798.0 748.9 0.0
2,303.4 698.4 0.0 3,001.8 1,955.3 771.4 0.0
2,785.7 723.1 0.0 3,508.8 2,129.0 1,165.4 0.0
3,293.4 748.7 0.0 4,042.1 2,367.0 1,246.1 0.0
3,933.6 775.2 0.0 4,708.8 2,634.5 1,216.7 0.0
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Grand Municipal Expenditure Municipal Account Status Closing Balance Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.* 4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment* 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.* * - Figures not available (1) Figures shown as zero since project expenditure figures relate only to ULB contribution (50 %) of total project cost.In actual fact, balance 50% of project costs will be met through grant-cum-loan from the Central and State Governments (2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered (3) Receipt of Ways and Means advance from theState Government ahs been assumed to be Nil. However, any Shortage on the over all accout would be met through Ways & Means advance. Current Proposed Growth Unit 2005-06 2,546.9 576.3 0.9 1.1 2006-07 2,726.7 851.4 0.8 1.1 2007-08 3,294.4 1,065.8 0.8 1.6 2008-09 3,613.1 1,494.8 0.7 1.7 2009-10 3,851.3 2,352.3 0.7 1.6
Current
Proposed Growth
Unit
2010-11 2,352.3
2011-12 3,886.1
Forecast 2012-13 Rs Crore 5,598.0
2013-14 7,552.92
2014-15 9,871.27
1724.3 2.6 0.5 16.7 1.6 149.9 388.4 375.8 2,659.8 20.6 0.6 0.2 1.6 0.3 65.3 26.4 4.5 11.1 1.5 132.1 11.6 41.7 38.7 225.7 317.7 3,109.6 725.6 829.0 0.0 1,554.6 4,664.3
1747.3 2.9 0.5 16.6 1.7 167.2 446.7 432.1 2,815.0 23.7 0.7 0.2 1.7 0.3 75.1 30.3 4.7 12.7 1.6 150.9 12.0 42.9 44.5 259.5 358.9 3,324.8 820.5 953.4 0.0 1,773.9 5,098.7
1686.4 3.4 0.5 17.5 1.8 186.4 513.7 497.0 2,906.6 27.2 0.8 0.2 1.7 0.3 86.4 34.9 4.8 14.5 1.6 172.4 12.3 44.2 51.1 298.5 406.2 3,485.2 927.9 1096.4 0.0 2,024.3 5,509.5
1828.4 3.9 0.5 18.3 1.9 207.8 590.8 571.5 3,223.1 31.3 0.9 0.2 1.8 0.4 99.3 40.1 5.0 16.5 1.7 197.1 12.7 45.6 58.8 343.2 460.3 3,880.6 1049.3 1260.9 0.0 2,310.1 6,190.7
1814.8 4.5 0.6 19.2 2.0 231.7 679.4 657.2 3,409.3 36.0 1.0 0.2 1.9 0.4 114.2 46.1 5.1 18.9 1.7 225.5 13.1 46.9 67.6 394.7 522.4 4,157.2 1186.5 1450.0 0.0 2,636.5 6,793.7
% % % % % % %
26.39 14.15 -12.82 4.64 -5.28 320.86 28.74 2.56 14.14 -11.95 -2.34 -19.85 252.19 23.87
15.00 14.15 3.00 4.64 3.00 15.00 15.00 3.00 14.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 15.00
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
13.08 43.19 -45.14
13.08 15.00 0.00
% % %
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 General Supervision, collection of revenues Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses Licensing, removal of Encroachments Gardens and Open Spaces Development Charges Miscellaneous Building Land Acquisition and Management Current 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 -14.91 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 33.92 13.39 7.65 235.01 Proposed Growth 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 3.00 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 15.00 13.39 7.65 15.00 Unit % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 2010-11 102.4 491.9 1.4 53.1 245.0 476.0 25.4 281.9 5.3 2.7 103.2 8.6 815.3 38.3 55.0 63.0 0.0 2011-12 114.5 514.3 1.5 55.6 266.9 513.5 26.2 315.5 5.7 2.7 111.0 9.9 924.4 41.3 63.2 63.0 0.0 Forecast 2012-13 Rs Crore 128.0 537.6 1.6 58.2 290.7 553.9 26.9 353.1 6.1 2.8 119.3 11.3 1,048.2 44.4 72.7 63.0 205.0 2013-14 143.1 562.1 1.7 60.9 316.6 597.6 27.7 395.2 6.5 2.9 128.2 13.0 1,188.6 47.8 83.6 63.0 205.0 2014-15 160.0 587.6 1.9 63.8 344.8 644.6 28.6 442.3 6.9 3.0 137.8 15.0 1,347.7 51.5 96.2 63.0 205.0
155.4 2,924.0 1,740.3
175.9 3,205.0 1,893.7
175.9 3,698.9 2,015.5
175.9 4,019.6 2,376.2
175.9 4,375.6 2,623.0
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Part II: Capital Income and Expenditure Capital Receipts A Grants 1 Exisitng General Grants 2 Grant-cum-soft loan from State Government JNNURM() 3 Grant-cum-soft loan from Central Government JNNURM() Total- Grants B Loans 1 Exisitng General Loans Loan from Financial Institutions-JNNURM (expenses 2 will be meet from internal revenues) Total- Loans Grand Total Capital Income Capital Expenditure 1 General Capital Works 2 Solid Waste Management 3 Roads 4 Heritage Conservation 5 Slum and Poverty Alleivation 6 City Environment 7 Storm Water Drainage Grand Total Capital Expenditure CAPITAL ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR CLOSING BALANCE Summary of Municipal Accounts Opening Balance Receipts 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Income Expenditure 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Current Proposed Growth Unit 2010-11 2011-12 Forecast 2012-13 Rs Crore 2013-14 2014-15
3.54
3.54
802.6 0.0 0.0 802.6
831.0 0.0 0.0 831.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 831.0 894.2 6.3 109.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,012.8 -181.8 1,711.9 5,598
860.4 0.0 0.0 860.4 0.0
890.9 0.0 0.0 890.9 0.0
922.4 0.0 0.0 922.4 0.0
17.68
15.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 802.6
0.0 860.4 921.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 921.1 -60.6 1,954.9 7,553
0.0 890.9 948.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 948.7 -57.8 2,318.4 9,871
0.0 922.4 977.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 977.2 -54.7 2,568.3 12,440
2.79
3.00
868.2 6.3 113.5 4.7 12.5 0.0 4.0 1,009.2 -206.5 1,533.8 3,886
4,664.3 802.6 0.0 5,466.9 2,924.0 1,009.2 0.0
5,098.7 831.0 0.0 5,929.8 3,205.0 1,012.8 0.0
5,509.5 860.4 0.0 6,369.9 3,698.9 921.1 0.0
6,190.7 890.9 0.0 7,081.6 4,019.6 948.7 0.0
6,793.7 922.4 0.0 7,716.1 4,375.6 977.2 0.0
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Grand Municipal Expenditure Municipal Account Status Closing Balance Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.* 4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment* 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.* * - Figures not available (1) Figures shown as zero since project expenditure figures relate only to ULB contribution (50 %) of total project cost.In actual fact, balance 50% of project costs will be met through grant-cum-loan from the Central and State Governments (2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered (3) Receipt of Ways and Means advance from theState Government ahs been assumed to be Nil. However, any Shortage on the over all accout would be met through Ways & Means advance. Current Proposed Growth Unit 2010-11 3,933.1 3,886.1 0.6 1.3 2011-12 Forecast 2012-13 Rs Crore 4,217.9 4,620.0 5,598.0 0.6 1.2 7,552.9 0.6 1.1 2013-14 4,968.3 9,871.3 0.6 1.1 2014-15 5,352.8 12,439.6 0.6 1.1
Current
Proposed Growth
Unit
2015-16 12,439.57
2016-17 15,320.22
2017-18 18,810.23
2018-19 22,831.57
1814.5 5.1 0.6 20.0 2.0 258.3 781.3 755.8 3,637.6 41.4 1.1 0.2 2.0 0.4 131.3 53.1 5.3 21.5 1.8 258.1 13.5 48.3 77.8 453.9 593.5 4,489.2 1341.7 1667.5 0.0 3,009.2 7,498.5
2053.9 5.9 0.6 20.8 2.1 288.0 898.5 869.2 4,138.9 47.6 1.3 0.2 2.1 0.4 151.0 61.0 5.4 24.6 1.8 295.4 13.9 49.8 89.5 522.0 675.2 5,109.5 1517.3 1917.6 0.0 3,434.9 8,544.4
2085.6 6.8 0.6 21.5 2.2 321.1 1033.3 999.6 4,470.6 54.7 1.5 0.2 2.2 0.4 173.7 70.2 5.6 28.1 1.9 338.4 14.3 51.3 102.9 600.3 768.8 5,577.8 1715.8 2205.3 0.0 3,921.0 9,498.8
2124.2 7.8 0.6 22.5 2.3 358.0 1188.3 1149.5 4,853.1 62.9 1.7 0.2 2.3 0.4 199.8 80.7 5.7 32.0 1.9 387.7 14.7 52.8 118.3 690.4 876.2 6,117.0 1940.2 2536.1 0.0 4,476.3 10,593.3
% % % % % % %
26.39 14.15 -12.82 4.64 -5.28 320.86 28.74 2.56 14.14 -11.95 -2.34 -19.85 252.19 23.87
15.00 14.15 3.00 4.64 3.00 15.00 15.00 3.00 14.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 15.00
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
13.08 43.19 -45.14
13.08 15.00 0.00
% % %
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 General Supervision, collection of revenues Education Libraries Public Health Medical Relief Conservancy and Street Cleaning Scavenging, Drains and Sewers Roads and Public Lighting Markets and Slaughter Houses Licensing, removal of Encroachments Gardens and Open Spaces Development Charges Miscellaneous Building Land Acquisition and Management Current 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 -14.91 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 33.92 13.39 7.65 235.01 Proposed Growth 11.81 4.55 7.47 4.66 8.91 7.88 3.00 11.92 6.60 3.13 7.49 15.00 13.39 7.65 15.00 Unit % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 2015-16 178.9 614.4 2.0 66.7 375.5 695.4 29.4 495.0 7.4 3.1 148.1 17.3 1,528.2 55.4 110.6 63.0 205.0 2016-17 200.1 642.3 2.2 69.8 409.0 750.2 30.3 554.0 7.8 3.2 159.2 19.8 1,732.9 59.6 127.2 63.0 205.0 2017-18 223.7 671.5 2.3 73.1 445.4 809.3 31.2 620.1 8.4 3.3 171.1 22.8 1,964.9 64.2 146.3 0.0 205.0 2018-19 250.1 702.0 2.5 76.5 485.1 873.1 32.2 694.0 8.9 3.4 184.0 26.2 2,228.0 69.1 168.2 0.0 202.0
175.9 4,771.4 2,932.1
175.9 5,211.6 3,537.8
175.9 5,638.6 4,065.2
175.9 6,181.3 4,614.1
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Part II: Capital Income and Expenditure Capital Receipts A Grants 1 Exisitng General Grants 2 Grant-cum-soft loan from State Government JNNURM() 3 Grant-cum-soft loan from Central Government JNNURM() Total- Grants B Loans 1 Exisitng General Loans Loan from Financial Institutions-JNNURM (expenses 2 will be meet from internal revenues) Total- Loans Grand Total Capital Income Capital Expenditure 1 General Capital Works 2 Solid Waste Management 3 Roads 4 Heritage Conservation 5 Slum and Poverty Alleivation 6 City Environment 7 Storm Water Drainage Grand Total Capital Expenditure CAPITAL ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT) OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR CLOSING BALANCE Summary of Municipal Accounts Opening Balance Receipts 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Grand Municipal Income Expenditure 1 Revenue Account 2 Capital Account 3 Advances and Deposits Current Proposed Growth Unit 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
3.54
3.54
955.1 0.0 0.0 955.1
988.9 0.0 0.0 988.9 0.0
1023.9 0.0 0.0 1,023.9 0.0
1060.1 0.0 0.0 1,060.1 0.0
17.68
15.00
0.0
0.0 955.1 2.79 3.00 1006.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,006.5 -51.4 2,880.7 15,320
0.0 988.9 1036.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,036.7 -47.8 3,490.0 18,810
0.0 1,023.9 1067.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,067.8 -43.9 4,021.3 22,832
0.0 1,060.1 1099.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,099.8 -39.7 4,574.4 27,406
7,498.5 955.1 0.0 8,453.6 4,771.4 1,006.5 0.0
8,544.4 988.9 0.0 9,533.3 5,211.6 1,036.7 0.0
9,498.8 1,023.9 0.0 10,522.7 5,638.6 1,067.8 0.0
10,593.3 1,060.1 0.0 11,653.4 6,181.3 1,099.8 0.0
Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan Municipal Corporation of Delhi Head of Account Grand Municipal Expenditure Municipal Account Status Closing Balance Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.* 4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment* 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.* * - Figures not available (1) Figures shown as zero since project expenditure figures relate only to ULB contribution (50 %) of total project cost.In actual fact, balance 50% of project costs will be met through grant-cum-loan from the Central and State Governments (2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered (3) Receipt of Ways and Means advance from theState Government ahs been assumed to be Nil. However, any Shortage on the over all accout would be met through Ways & Means advance. Current Proposed Growth Unit 2015-16 5,777.9 15,320.2 0.6 1.1 2016-17 6,248.3 18,810.2 0.6 1.0 2017-18 6,706.3 22,831.6 0.6 1.0 2018-19 7,281.1 27,405.9 0.6 1.0
Annexure 20-2 Delhi Jal Board - Financial Plan (On Accrual Basis)
Head of Account Opening Balance Revenue Account Revenue Receipts A Water & Sewage Supply 1 Water charges 2 NDMC 3 MES 4 Misc. Income 5 Non-Plan Assistance TOTAL REVENUE INCOME Revenue Expenditure A. General Administration 1 Establishment 2 Other adminstrative Expenses 3 Power 4 Repair & Maintenance 5 General Stores and Chemicals 6 Cost of Raw Water 8 Property Tax 9 Cess B. Additional O&M 1 Additional O&M for New assets C. Debt Servicing 1 Debt Servicing-Existing 2 Debt Servicing-Proposed TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE Status- Surplus/Deficit Capital Account Capital Receipts A. Grants 1 General Grants 2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM 3 State Government Grants-JNNURM Current Proposed Unit 2001-02 -3088.42 Actual 2002-03 2003-04 Rs in Crore -3646.58 -3842.26 2004-05 -4309.54 2005-06 -4846.70 2006-07 -5373.15 2007-08 -5840.92
8.68 9.35 9.93 113.15 14.34
15.00% 9.35% 9.93% 15.00%
% % % % %
177.70 26.12 7.65 2.94 190.00 404.41
190.10 30.31 7.08 3.31 610.64 841.44
166.59 25.90 7.56 41.82 301.00 542.87
206.45 34.65 10.30 29.51 284.00 564.91
425.00 37.86 11.25 32.09 157.00 663.20
488.75 41.40 12.37 36.90 162.00 741.42
562.06 45.27 13.59 42.44 167.00 830.37
13.79 172.95 2.00 -16.28 4.44 56.97 -52.14 -5.16
13.79% 15.00% 3.00% 3.00% 4.44% 15.00% 3.00% 3.00%
% % % % % % % %
161.57 0.00 222.41 26.85 14.99 5.69 45.62 3.54
177.66 0.00 271.14 22.09 14.21 7.38 75.87 3.78
192.49 10.80 224.36 21.71 15.84 22.94 27.23 0.00
238.07 29.49 236.00 15.76 17.08 22.00 5.00 3.02
270.91 80.49 240.71 13.19 17.84 34.53 2.39 2.86
308.28 92.57 247.93 13.59 18.63 39.71 2.46 2.95 0.00
350.80 106.45 255.37 14.00 19.46 45.67 2.54 3.04 0.00 700.91 1498.23 -667.86
10.57
10.57%
410.97 891.64 -487.22
499.14 1071.28 -229.84
509.88 1025.26 -482.39
555.52 1121.94 -557.03
614.22 1277.16 -613.96
644.78 1370.90 -629.48
-49.35
3.00%
60.02
58.15
7.50
7.80
8.03
8.28
8.52 0.0 0.0
Head of Account B. Loans 1 General Receipts 2 Water Supply-JNNURM 3 Sewerage-JNNURM 4 Others Total Capital Receipts Capital Expenditure 1 General Works 2 Water Supply-JNNURM 3 Sewerage-JNNURM 4 Others Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/Deficit OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS Closing Balance NOTES ON ASSUMPTIONS: 1 The non-Plan assistance has been worked out with a view to meeting the deficit between the Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure. Current Proposed Unit 2001-02 Actual 2002-03 2003-04 Rs in Crore 570.45 601.23 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
16.06
15.00%
439.45
686.96
797.27
916.86
1054.39
499.47 6.36 6.36% % 570.41
628.60 594.44
608.73 593.62
694.76 674.89
805.30 717.79
925.14 763.42
1062.91 811.96 267.50 302.50 1381.96 -319.04 -986.91 -6827.82
570.41 -70.94 -558.16 -3646.58
594.44 34.16 -195.68 -3842.26
593.62 15.11 -467.28 -4309.54
674.89 19.87 -537.16 -4846.70
717.79 87.51 -526.45 -5373.15
763.42 161.71 -467.77 -5840.92
Head of Account Opening Balance Revenue Account Revenue Receipts A Water & Sewage Supply 1 Water charges 2 NDMC 3 MES 4 Misc. Income 5 Non-Plan Assistance TOTAL REVENUE INCOME Revenue Expenditure A. General Administration 1 Establishment 2 Other adminstrative Expenses 3 Power 4 Repair & Maintenance 5 General Stores and Chemicals 6 Cost of Raw Water 8 Property Tax 9 Cess B. Additional O&M 1 Additional O&M for New assets C. Debt Servicing 1 Debt Servicing-Existing 2 Debt Servicing-Proposed TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE Status- Surplus/Deficit Capital Account Capital Receipts A. Grants 1 General Grants 2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM 3 State Government Grants-JNNURM Current Proposed Unit 2008-09 -6827.82 2009-10 -7799.04 2010-11 -8580.61 Forecast 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Rs in Crore -9114.90 -9251.94 -8851.48 2014-15 -8030.38
8.68 9.35 9.93 113.15 14.34
15.00% 9.35% 9.93% 15.00%
% % % % %
775.65 59.41 17.93 58.57 179.00 1090.56
891.99 64.97 19.71 67.35 300.00 1344.03
1025.79 71.05 21.67 77.45 400.00 1595.96
1415.59 93.23 28.58 106.89 325.00 1969.29
1627.93 101.95 31.42 122.92 322.00 2206.23
1872.12 111.49 34.54 141.36 320.00 2479.51
2583.53 146.30 45.56 195.07 127.00 3097.47
13.79 172.95 2.00 -16.28 4.44 56.97 -52.14 -5.16
13.79% 15.00% 3.00% 3.00% 4.44% 15.00% 3.00% 3.00%
% % % % % % % %
399.18 122.42 263.03 14.42 20.32 52.52 2.61 3.13 117.42
454.25 140.78 270.92 14.85 21.23 60.40 2.69 3.22 238.45 935.88 2142.67 -798.65
516.90 161.90 279.05 15.30 22.17 69.46 2.77 3.32 334.75 1029.67 2435.29 -839.33
588.20 186.19 287.42 15.76 23.15 79.88 2.86 3.42 402.94 1093.79 2683.59 -714.30
669.33 214.11 296.05 16.23 24.18 91.86 2.94 3.52 402.94 1110.23 2831.39 -625.17
761.66 246.23 304.93 16.71 25.25 105.64 3.03 3.63 402.94 1062.18 2932.19 -452.69
866.72 283.17 314.07 17.22 26.38 121.48 3.12 3.74 402.94 963.65 3002.47 94.99
10.57
10.57%
819.34 1814.40 -723.85
-49.35
3.00%
8.78 0.0 0.0
9.04 0.0 0.0
9.31 0.0 0.0
9.59 0.0 0.0
9.88 0.0 0.0
10.18 0.0 0.0
10.48 0.0 0.0
Head of Account B. Loans 1 General Receipts 2 Water Supply-JNNURM 3 Sewerage-JNNURM 4 Others Total Capital Receipts Capital Expenditure 1 General Works 2 Water Supply-JNNURM 3 Sewerage-JNNURM 4 Others Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/Deficit OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS Closing Balance NOTES ON ASSUMPTIONS: 1 The non-Plan assistance has been worked out with a view to meeting the deficit between the Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure. Current Proposed Unit 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Forecast 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Rs in Crore 1844.13 2120.75 2438.87 2014-15
16.06
15.00%
1212.55
1394.43
1603.59
2804.70
1221.33 6.36 6.36% % 863.57 257.50 347.63 1468.70 -247.37 -971.22 -7799.04
1403.47 918.47 165.15 302.77 1386.39 17.08 -781.57 -8580.61
1612.91 976.86 83.50 247.51 1307.87 305.04 -534.29 -9114.90
1853.73 1038.96 50.00 187.50 1276.46 577.27 -137.03 -9251.94
2130.63 1105.01
2449.04 1175.26
2815.18 1249.97
1105.01 1025.63 400.46 -8851.48
1175.26 1273.79 821.10 -8030.38
1249.97 1565.21 1660.21 -6370.17
Head of Account Opening Balance Revenue Account Revenue Receipts A Water & Sewage Supply 1 Water charges 2 NDMC 3 MES 4 Misc. Income 5 Non-Plan Assistance TOTAL REVENUE INCOME Revenue Expenditure A. General Administration 1 Establishment 2 Other adminstrative Expenses 3 Power 4 Repair & Maintenance 5 General Stores and Chemicals 6 Cost of Raw Water 8 Property Tax 9 Cess B. Additional O&M 1 Additional O&M for New assets C. Debt Servicing 1 Debt Servicing-Existing 2 Debt Servicing-Proposed TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE Status- Surplus/Deficit Capital Account Capital Receipts A. Grants 1 General Grants 2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM 3 State Government Grants-JNNURM Current Proposed Unit 2015-16 -6370.17 2016-17 -3932.75 2017-18 -531.48 2018-19 4856.23 2019-20 11943.51 2020-21 19669.28
8.68 9.35 9.93 113.15 14.34
15.00% 9.35% 9.93% 15.00%
% % % % %
2971.06 159.99 50.09 224.33 120.00 3525.47
3416.72 174.96 55.06 257.98 110.00 4014.71
4715.07 229.59 72.63 356.02 0.00 5373.30
5422.33 251.06 79.84 409.42 0.00 6162.65
6235.68 274.55 87.76 470.83 0.00 7068.82
8605.24 360.28 115.77 649.75 0.00 9731.03
13.79 172.95 2.00 -16.28 4.44 56.97 -52.14 -5.16
13.79% 15.00% 3.00% 3.00% 4.44% 15.00% 3.00% 3.00%
% % % % % % % %
986.27 325.64 323.50 17.73 27.55 139.70 3.22 3.85 402.94
1122.31 374.49 333.20 18.26 28.77 160.66 3.31 3.96 402.94 471.93 2919.84 1094.88
1277.12 430.66 343.20 18.81 30.05 184.76 3.41 4.08 402.94 63.78 2758.80 2614.50
1453.27 495.26 353.49 19.38 31.38 212.47 3.51 4.21 402.94 -582.75 2393.17 3769.48
1653.73 569.55 364.10 19.96 32.78 244.34 3.62 4.33 402.94
1881.84 654.98 375.02 20.56 34.23 280.99 3.73 4.46 402.94
10.57
10.57%
764.42 2994.81 530.65
3295.34 3773.48
3658.75 6072.28
-49.35
3.00%
10.80 0.0 0.0
11.12 0.0 0.0
11.45 0.0 0.0
11.80 0.0 0.0
12.15 0.0 0.0
12.52 0.0 0.0
Head of Account B. Loans 1 General Receipts 2 Water Supply-JNNURM 3 Sewerage-JNNURM 4 Others Total Capital Receipts Capital Expenditure 1 General Works 2 Water Supply-JNNURM 3 Sewerage-JNNURM 4 Others Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/Deficit OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS Closing Balance NOTES ON ASSUMPTIONS: 1 The non-Plan assistance has been worked out with a view to meeting the deficit between the Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure. Current Proposed Unit 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
16.06
15.00%
3225.40
3709.21
4265.59
4905.43
5641.25
6487.44
3236.20 6.36 6.36% % 1329.43
3720.33 1413.94
4277.05 1503.83
4917.23 1599.43
5653.40 1701.11
6499.95 1809.25
1329.43 1906.77 2437.42 -3932.75
1413.94 2306.39 3401.26 -531.48
1503.83 2773.22 5387.71 4856.23
1599.43 3317.80 7087.28 11943.51
1701.11 3952.29 7725.77 19669.28
1809.25 4690.70 10762.98 30432.26
Annexure 20-3- New Delhi Municipal Council- Financial Plan Head of Account
PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE 2000-01
Current Proposed Unit
2001-02
Actuals 2002-03 In Rs. Crore
2003-04
Receipts
Opening Balance
A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE Taxes: House tax Govt property Private property Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Duty on Transfer of Property Other Taxes Building related receipts Fees & Fines: Fines Composition Fee Sewer Connection fee Compounding Fee Inspection Fee Others Sub-Total (A) B. OTHERS Interest Administrative Dept. Social Services Electricity Water Supply Other Municipal works Sub-Total (B) 99.81 244.87 -8.81 -5.59 423225.00 -5.38 15.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 % % % % % % 6.35 74.24 280.41
15.75 2.41 37.21 35.32 10.23 70.41 10.59 26.51 36.73 -13.44 -4.67 -51.25 103.93
15.00 3.00 15.00 15.00 10.23 15.00 10.59 15.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
7.17 82.29 0.01 0.03 7.10 0.00 1.32 0.14 1.12 0.11 0.13 0.01 0.06 99.47 30.28 6.83 4.24 470.32 0.00 94.23 605.89
9.24 101.02 0.01 0.05 6.10 0.02 1.18 0.07 1.41 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.06 119.67 24.55 0.41 3.43 483.71 2.02 97.14 611.26
15.76 117.05 0.00 0.04 5.58 0.02 1.40 0.26 5.04 0.14 0.21 0.00 0.40 145.89 32.53 5.32 3.31 534.14 0.00 112.40 687.71
16.14 111.74 0.01 0.08 7.95 0.02 0.84 0.21 1.58 0.17 0.12 0.61 0.06 139.54 27.43 0.46 3.43 534.70 15.02 97.92 678.96
Head of Account
C. EXTERNAL REVENUE Advances to Employees External Asistance Assigned Taxes Sub-Total (C) TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C)
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 In Rs. Crore 1.29 17.10 6.28 24.67 858.27 1.20 5.44 167.92 39.38 51.08 0.46 18.75 0.68 0.73 0.35 0.00 330.80 37.96 10.35 58.09 1.04 10.46 0.0
2003-04
-15.64 20.91 23.83
3.00 15.00 15.00
% % %
1.56 12.39 3.36 17.32 722.68 0.92 42.85 110.58 38.88 51.05 0.38 17.86 0.88 0.62 0.43 2.98 268.66 54.40 4.25 55.36 1.44 40.23
1.46 15.53 4.28 21.27 752.20 0.95 7.11 125.15 37.74 51.69 0.40 22.04 0.87 0.80 0.31 0.00 326.44 45.05 8.41 52.18 1.43 12.25 0.0
1.38 15.60 6.39 23.36 841.86 1.27 4.83 139.38 43.53 63.60 0.40 19.20 0.57 0.64 0.39 0.00 344.49 46.87 11.32 61.59 0.94 7.34 0.0
Expenditure
Collection of Taxes & Duties Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance B. Debt Servicing Debt Servicing-Existing Debt Servicing- Proposed C. Additional O&M Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM investment TOTAL EXPENDITURE 2.44 -48.17 13.05 -2.98 2.31 -7.64 -2.53 -17.10 2.40 -23.75 -100.00 1.16 -3.01 22.07 4.15 -22.66 37.08 3.00 3.00 13.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 4.15 3.00 15.00 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
691.79
692.83
734.66
746.38
Head of Account
Surplus/Deficit
PART II : CAPITAL INCOME & EXPENDITURE
2000-01
2001-02
30.89
2002-03 In Rs. Crore 59.37 123.61
2003-04 95.48
Receipts
External Assistance Deposit Works Contribution to NDMC Contribution State and Central TOTAL 35.79 -2.25 15.00 3.00 % % % % 6.98 19.86 8.02 10.66 6.72 18.41 13.57 7.92
26.83 493.27 1.19 16.03 -100.00 -3.16 28.60 0.07 23.24 -3.98 -4.75 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 % % % % % % % % % % 0.01 1.27 4.44 0.02 4.19 3.96 1.21 7.98 16.76 15.60 55.44 -24.55 6.35 6.35
18.68 0.10 1.27 5.23 0.00 3.86 8.42 2.15 6.64 11.02 12.16 50.84 8.53 67.89 74.24
25.13 0.10 1.16 5.13 0.08 3.86 4.66 1.60 6.09 10.33 8.03 41.04 82.57 206.18 280.41
21.49 0.03 1.24 3.40 0.00 3.27 9.99 0.98 14.52 15.56 6.11 55.10 40.38 135.87 416.28
Expenditure
Administrative Dept. Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other Social Sevices Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Deposit Works New Development Works TOTAL
Surplus/Deficit
OVERALL ACCOUNTS CLOSING BALANCE
PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE 2004-05
Current Proposed 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Receipts
Opening Balance
A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE Taxes: House tax Govt property Private property Theater Tax Tax on Advertisement Duty on Transfer of Property Other Taxes Building related receipts Fees & Fines: Fines Composition Fee Sewer Connection fee Compounding Fee Inspection Fee Others Sub-Total (A) B. OTHERS Interest Administrative Dept. Social Services Electricity Water Supply Other Municipal works Sub-Total (B) 99.81 244.87 -8.81 -5.59 423225.00 -5.38 15.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 416.28 631.30 856.64 1094.23 1339.86
15.75 2.41 37.21 35.32 10.23 70.41 10.59 26.51 36.73 -13.44 -4.67 -51.25 103.93
15.00 3.00 15.00 15.00 10.23 15.00 10.59 15.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00
17.28 130.32 0.01 0.10 13.28 0.03 2.02 0.16 1.59 0.01 0.13 0.25 0.07 165.24 178.94 1.28 4.17 537.34 14.46 109.75 845.93
19.87 134.23 0.01 0.11 14.63 0.04 2.24 0.18 1.64 0.01 0.13 0.28 0.07
22.85 138.26 0.01 0.13 16.13 0.04 2.47 0.21 1.69 0.01 0.13 0.32 0.07
26.28 142.40 0.01 0.15 17.78 0.05 2.73 0.24 1.74 0.01 0.14 0.37 0.08
30.22 146.68 0.01 0.17 19.60 0.06 3.02 0.28 1.79 0.01 0.14 0.43 0.08
173.45
205.78 1.47 4.30 553.46 16.63 113.04
182.34
236.65 1.69 4.42 570.06 19.12 116.43
191.99
272.15 1.94 4.56 587.16 21.99 119.93
202.50
312.97 2.23 4.69 604.78 25.29 123.52
894.67
948.38
1007.72
1073.48
Head of Account
2004-05
Current Proposed
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
-15.64 20.91 23.83
3.00 15.00 15.00
1.06 34.05 11.29 46.40 1057.57 1.33 1.89 228.33 45.72 73.51 0.35 20.57 0.55 0.86 0.08 1.00 367.27 61.13 9.44 87.16 0.62 33.83 0.0
1.10 39.16 12.98
1.13 45.03 14.93
1.16 51.79 17.16
1.20 59.56 19.74
53.23 1121.35
1.37 1.94 258.12 47.09 75.71 0.36 21.19 0.57 0.89 0.08 1.03 378.29 62.97 10.86 90.78 0.64 38.90
61.09 1191.80
1.41 2.00 291.80 48.50 77.99 0.37 21.82 0.58 0.92 0.09 1.06 389.64 64.85 12.49 94.55 0.66 44.74
70.12 1269.83
1.45 2.06 329.88 49.95 80.32 0.38 22.48 0.60 0.94 0.09 1.09 401.33 66.80 14.36 98.47 0.68 51.45
80.49 1356.47
1.50 2.12 372.93 51.45 82.73 0.39 23.15 0.62 0.97 0.09 1.13 413.37 68.80 16.52 102.56 0.70 59.16
Expenditure
Collection of Taxes & Duties Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance B. Debt Servicing Debt Servicing-Existing Debt Servicing- Proposed C. Additional O&M Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM investment TOTAL EXPENDITURE 2.44 -48.17 13.05 -2.98 2.31 -7.64 -2.53 -17.10 2.40 -23.75 -100.00 1.16 -3.01 22.07 4.15 -22.66 37.08 3.00 3.00 13.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 4.15 3.00 15.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 14.7
933.65
990.79
0.0 1053.47
0.0 1122.35
1.3 1214.24
Head of Account
Surplus/Deficit
2004-05
Current Proposed
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
123.93
130.56
138.33
147.48
142.24
Receipts
External Assistance Deposit Works Contribution to NDMC Contribution State and Central TOTAL 35.79 -2.25 15.00 3.00 10.74 10.66
12.35 10.98 14.20 11.31 0.00 0.00 16.33 11.65 0.00 0.00 18.78 12.00 0.00 0.00
21.40 493.27 1.19 16.03 -100.00 -3.16 28.60 0.07 23.24 -3.98 -4.75 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 0.03 0.76 3.34 0.00 1.95 3.22 0.40 9.61 7.80 5.74 32.84 91.08 215.01 631.30
23.33
0.03 0.78 3.84 0.00 2.00 3.70 0.42 11.05 8.03 5.91
25.51
0.04 0.81 4.42 0.00 2.06 4.26 0.43 12.71 8.27 6.08 0.00
27.98
0.04 0.83 5.08 0.00 2.13 4.89 0.44 14.62 8.52 6.27 6.50
30.78
0.05 0.86 5.85 0.00 2.19 5.63 0.45 16.81 8.78 6.46 9.27
Expenditure
Surplus/Deficit
35.77 94.79 225.35 856.64
39.08 99.25 237.59 1094.23
49.32 98.15 245.63 1339.86
56.34 85.90 228.14 1568.00
PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE
2009-10 Current Proposed 2010-11
Forecast
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Receipts
Opening Balance
15.75 2.41 37.21 35.32 10.23 70.41 10.59 26.51 36.73 -13.44 -4.67 -51.25 103.93
15.00 3.00 15.00 15.00 10.23 15.00 10.59 15.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00
34.75 151.08 0.01 0.20 21.60 0.07 3.34 0.32 1.85 0.01 0.15 0.49 0.08
39.97 155.61 0.02 0.23 23.81 0.08 3.70 0.37 1.90 0.02 0.15 0.57 0.08
45.96 160.28 0.02 0.26 26.25 0.09 4.09 0.42 1.96 0.02 0.15 0.65 0.09
52.85 165.08 0.02 0.30 28.93 0.10 4.52 0.49 2.02 0.02 0.16 0.75 0.09
60.78 170.04 0.03 0.35 31.89 0.12 5.00 0.56 2.08 0.02 0.16 0.86 0.09
213.96
359.91 2.57 4.83 622.92 29.08 127.23
226.49
413.90 2.95 4.98 641.61 33.45 131.05
240.23
475.98 3.39 5.13 660.86 38.46 134.98
255.34
547.38 3.90 5.28 680.68 44.23 139.03
271.97
629.49 4.49 5.44 701.10 50.87 143.20
1146.55
1227.93 1318.80
1420.51
1534.59
Head of Account
2009-10 Current Proposed
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
-15.64 20.91 23.83
3.00 15.00 15.00
1.23 68.49 22.70
1.27 78.76 26.11
1.31 90.58 30.02
1.35 104.16 34.52
1.39 119.79 39.70
92.42 106.14 121.91 1452.93 1560.56 1680.95 2.44 -48.17 13.05 -2.98 2.31 -7.64 -2.53 -17.10 2.40 -23.75 -100.00 1.16 -3.01 22.07 4.15 -22.66 37.08 3.00 3.00 13.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 4.15 3.00 15.00
1.54 2.19 421.59 53.00 85.22 0.41 23.85 0.64 1.00 0.09 1.16 425.77 70.87 19.00 106.81 0.72 68.04 1.59 2.25 476.60 54.59 87.77 0.42 24.56 0.66 1.03 0.10 1.19 438.54 72.99 21.84 111.25 0.74 78.24 1.64 2.32 538.79 56.22 90.41 0.43 25.30 0.68 1.06 0.10 1.23 451.70 75.18 25.12 115.86 0.77 89.98
140.04 1815.89
1.69 2.39 609.09 57.91 93.12 0.44 26.06 0.70 1.09 0.10 1.27 465.25 77.44 28.89 120.67 0.79 103.48
160.88 1967.44
1.74 2.46 688.57 59.65 95.91 0.46 26.84 0.72 1.13 0.11 1.30 479.21 79.76 33.22 125.68 0.81 119.00
Expenditure
Collection of Taxes & Duties Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance B. Debt Servicing Debt Servicing-Existing Debt Servicing- Proposed C. Additional O&M Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM investment TOTAL EXPENDITURE
0.0 14.7
0.0 14.7
0.0 14.7
0.0 14.7
0.0 14.7
3.1 5.3 7.3 1299.68 1394.37 1498.79
9.5 1614.56
9.5 1740.75
Head of Account
Surplus/Deficit
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
153.25
166.19
182.16
201.33
226.70
Receipts
External Assistance Deposit Works Contribution to NDMC Contribution State and Central TOTAL 35.79 -2.25 15.00 3.00
21.60 12.36 0.00 0.00 24.84 12.73 0.00 0.00 28.56 13.11 0.00 0.00 32.85 13.51 0.00 0.00 37.77 13.91 0.00 0.00
33.96 493.27 1.19 16.03 -100.00 -3.16 28.60 0.07 23.24 -3.98 -4.75 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00
0.06 0.88 6.72 0.00 2.25 6.47 0.47 19.33 9.04 6.65 11.01
37.57
0.07 0.91 7.73 0.00 2.32 7.44 0.48 22.23 9.31 6.85 10.00
41.67
0.08 0.94 8.89 0.00 2.39 8.56 0.50 25.57 9.59 7.05 7.50
46.35
0.09 0.96 10.22 0.00 2.46 9.84 0.51 29.40 9.88 7.27 0.00
51.68
0.10 0.99 11.76 0.00 2.54 11.32 0.53 33.81 10.17 7.48 0.00
Expenditure
Surplus/Deficit
62.89 67.34 71.06 90.36 98.84 111.10 243.61 265.03 293.26 1811.61 2076.64 2369.90
70.64 130.69 332.01 2701.92
78.71 147.99 374.69 3076.60
PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE
2014-15 Current Proposed 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Receipts
Opening Balance
15.75 2.41 37.21 35.32 10.23 70.41 10.59 26.51 36.73 -13.44 -4.67 -51.25 103.93
15.00 3.00 15.00 15.00 10.23 15.00 10.59 15.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00
69.90 175.14 0.03 0.40 35.15 0.13 5.53 0.64 2.14 0.02 0.17 0.99 0.09
80.38 180.39 0.03 0.46 38.75 0.15 6.12 0.74 2.20 0.02 0.17 1.14 0.10
92.44 185.80 0.04 0.53 42.71 0.18 6.77 0.85 2.27 0.02 0.18 1.31 0.10
106.31 191.38 0.05 0.61 47.08 0.20 7.48 0.98 2.34 0.02 0.18 1.51 0.10
122.25 197.12 0.05 0.70 51.89 0.23 8.28 1.13 2.41 0.02 0.19 1.74 0.11
290.34
723.91 5.16 5.60 722.14 58.50 147.49
310.66
832.50 5.94 5.77 743.80 67.27 151.92
333.20
957.37 6.83 5.95 766.11 77.36 156.48
358.24
1100.98 7.85 6.12 789.10 88.97 161.17
386.11
1266.13 9.03 6.31 812.77 102.31 166.01
1662.81
1807.20 1970.10 2154.19 2362.55
Head of Account
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
-15.64 20.91 23.83
3.00 15.00 15.00
1.43 137.76 45.66
1.47 158.42 52.51
1.52 182.18 60.38
1.56 209.51 69.44
1.61 240.94 79.86
184.85 212.40 2137.99 2330.27 2.44 -48.17 13.05 -2.98 2.31 -7.64 -2.53 -17.10 2.40 -23.75 -100.00 1.16 -3.01 22.07 4.15 -22.66 37.08 3.00 3.00 13.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 4.15 3.00 15.00
1.79 2.54 778.42 61.44 98.79 0.47 27.65 0.74 1.16 0.11 1.34 493.58 82.16 38.21 130.89 0.84 136.85 1.84 2.61 879.99 63.28 101.75 0.49 28.48 0.76 1.19 0.11 1.38 508.39 84.62 43.94 136.32 0.86 157.37
244.09 280.52 322.41 2547.38 2792.94 3071.07

1.90 2.69 994.82 65.18 104.81 0.50 29.33 0.78 1.23 0.12 1.43 523.64 87.16 50.53 141.98 0.89 180.98 1.95 2.77 1124.63 67.13 107.95 0.52 30.21 0.81 1.27 0.12 1.47 539.35 89.77 58.11 147.87 0.91 208.13 2.01 2.85 1271.37 69.15 111.19 0.53 31.12 0.83 1.31 0.12 1.51 555.53 92.47 66.82 154.01 0.94 239.34
Expenditure
Collection of Taxes & Duties Interest Administrative Dept Education Medical & Public Health Animal Husbandry Other social services Palika Parking Indoor Stadium Night Shelters Contribution to NDF Electricity Supply Water Supply Roads Other Municipal Works Advances to Employees External Assistance B. Debt Servicing Debt Servicing-Existing Debt Servicing- Proposed C. Additional O&M Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM investment TOTAL EXPENDITURE
0.0 14.7
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
9.5 9.5 1881.15 2022.89
9.5 9.5 9.5 2197.44 2392.45 2610.60
Head of Account
Surplus/Deficit
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
256.85
307.38
349.95
400.49
460.47
Receipts
External Assistance Deposit Works Contribution to NDMC Contribution State and Central TOTAL 35.79 -2.25 15.00 3.00
43.44 14.33 0.00 0.00 49.96 14.76 0.00 0.00 57.45 15.20 0.00 0.00 66.07 15.66 0.00 0.00 75.98 16.13 0.00 0.00
57.77 493.27 1.19 16.03 -100.00 -3.16 28.60 0.07 23.24 -3.98 -4.75 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00
0.12 1.02 13.52 0.00 2.61 13.02 0.54 38.88 10.48 7.71 0.00
64.71
0.14 1.05 15.55 0.00 2.69 14.97 0.56 44.72 10.79 7.94 0.00
72.65
0.16 1.09 17.88 0.00 2.77 17.21 0.57 51.42 11.12 8.18 0.00
81.72
0.18 1.12 20.56 0.00 2.86 19.80 0.59 59.14 11.45 8.42 0.00
92.10
0.21 1.15 23.65 0.00 2.94 22.77 0.61 68.01 11.79 8.68 0.00
Expenditure
Surplus/Deficit
87.91 98.41 168.94 208.97 425.79 516.35 3502.40 4018.75
110.40 124.12 139.80 239.54 276.37 320.67 589.49 676.86 781.14 4608.24 5285.10 6066.25
Chapter 21 : Institutional Reforms
IL&FS ECOSMART
Chapter 21 Institutional Reforms
CHAPTER - 21 INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

21.1 INTRODUCTION Delhi is a mega city with a projected population of 23 million in 2021. In addition, it is anticipated that another 2 million will commute to the city each day. From the analysis of the present administrative and political set-up in the NCT, it is clear that for meeting the future requirements of citizens for urban infrastructure, and a clean living environment; as well as to ensure shelter and facilities for the urban poor, much will need to be done. Re-organisation of institutions, improvements and capacity building programs are needed to meet the needs of managing Delhi 2021. This chapter discusses the agenda for institutional reforms in city governance and urban poor. It also reviews the institutional reform initiatives already undertaken at the ULB level and State Government level to successfully implement and operate the JnNURM projects. 21.2 REVIEW OF ISSUES IN GOVERNANCE Delhi is a city state and most of its geographical area is included within the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). A small area is covered by New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC), a body under the Central Government; and an equal area is under the Cantonment Board. The city is divided into 9 districts for administrative purposes, as well as for the regulation of law and order (by Delhi Police). The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has demarcated the area under its jurisdiction into twelve zones for the purposes of service delivery. The present relationship between the MCD and the Delhi Government is rather nebulous. The DMC Act, 1957 was enacted without provision for a Legislative Assembly in Delhi, which was constituted only in 1992-93. The State Government, however, has not been given powers with respect to issues concerning land and law and order, which continue to be retained by the Central Government (acting through the Lt. Governor). The main planning authority for the city - Delhi Development Authority - also reports to the Central Government. This constrains the ability of the Delhi Government to respond to identified needs in the city. Further more, in several areas, the functions of Delhi Government often overlap with those of MCD, since the geographical boundaries of the city and the state are, in effect, co-terminus. In principal, parastatal organizations for transportation and water supply report to the Delhi Government, while solid waste management, sewerage, street lighting remain the responsibility of MCD. In practice, there are many areas of conflicting and fragmented jurisdictions. The following table traces the evolution of governance in the city since independence in 1947. Period 1947-1952 1952-1956 1956 1956-1966 Governing Institutions Government of India Self Governing State with the Legislative Assembly of 48 members Delhi Legislative Assembly abolished Directly Administered Union Territory and the Birth of the 21-1
1957 1966 1980 83 1990 1992 onwards
Delhi Administration Delhi Municipal Corporation & Delhi Development Authority created Metropolitan Council set up under the Delhi Administration Act No Metropolitan Council as it was dissolved by the Central Government Central Government dissolved Metropolitan Council Elected Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi with a Council of Ministers led by the Chief Minister
Key issues in governance in Delhi stem from the role that the city plays as the National Capital, alongside the expectations of citizens for an effective local government. While it is in the National interest that the Central government should continue to retain a certain degree of control in the Capital city, the demands of the citizens for a local government that incorporates participation effectively cannot be ignored. With the current arrangement in the city, this latter aspiration is difficult to fulfill. This aspect and other key issues are enumerated below: Four tiers of governance are represented in the city: Center, State, City and Ward level. The city, also being a state with the same boundary, has two elected representatives as head; as well as two executive heads, with overlapping functions Poor coordination between the primary agency for city planning, and local, or State Government Planning Boundaries in the City (DDA - 15) do not coincide with Zonal boundaries (MCD 12); and both have no relation to the District boundaries, or functional subdivisions followed by Delhi Police (9) The Metropolitan Planning Committee, mandated for Metro cities by the 74th CAA, has not been instituted in Delhi
21.3
MEASURES ALREADY INITIATED FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE The Government of NCT of Delhi through its Department of Administrative Reforms has been taking measures that cut across departments of the Government of NCTD; agencies and institutions to monitor the progress made by them. The means used to achieve improvements include :(i) promotion of the role of civil society, peoples participation & decentralization. This has sought to be achieved through the introduction of the Bhagidari Scheme (ii) Institution of preventive vigilance through introduction of E-governance for the citizens of Delhi;(iii) setting up of a dynamic website leading to e-governance for departments/agencies; (iv) Instituting the Right of the citizen to information; (v) Instituting of a mechanism to redress public grievances, of which establishment of the Public Grievances Commission is the main element; (vi) Civil and procedural reforms; synergy and Coordination and (vii) empowerment of the weak.
21-2
To promote the role of civil society, peoples participation & decentralization in governance, the Bhagidari Scheme has been introduced within government departments and its agencies including those under the Union Government (Refer Box 21.1).
Box 21.1: Bhagidari-The Citizens Partnership in Governance In line with the ideological concept of involving the common man in governance, in December 1998 the Government of NCTD outlined a philosophy for governance responsive to and in partnership with the citizen known as Bhagirdari. This has specifically stemmed from the belief that Government must work in partnership with the people and that the Citizens must feel that successful and meaningful governance cannot be achieved without their involvement and their role. To evolve a mechanism for putting the concept of Bhagidari into practice, wide consultations were initiated with various citizen groups - Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), Market and Traders Associations (MTAs) and other NGOs. Discussions were also held with MCD, DDA, NDMC, Delhi Vidyut Board, DJB, Delhi Police and the Department of Environment and Forest. These departments subsequently became the participating Departments in the Bhagidari Programme. Launched in January 2000, Bhagidari, the Citizens Partnership in Governance is conceived to be a means for facilitating citywide changes in Delhi; utilising processes and principles of multi-stakeholders (citizen groups, NGOs, the Government) collaboration; applying the method of Large Group Interactive Events; developing joint ownership by the citizens and government of the change process, and facilitating peoples participation in governance. The programme has become popular leading to major initiatives under it since January, 2002:-
Water Conservation and Water Harvesting by Delhi Jal Board & Urban Development Department Anti Plastic and Anti-littering campaign by Environment and Forest Department Programmes for the welfare of Senior Citizens Reforms in Hospital Management & Quality Control by Health & Family Welfare Department. Janhit Society in each major hospital has been set up with representation from RWAs of the area and other citizen groups. Students Welfare Committee for Government In addition to the above programmes, Bhagidari has taken Industry Associations in conforming areas of the city in its span. In Conforming Industrial Areas of Delhi have been made Bhagidars through their Industrial Associations. A High power Apex level Committee of senior officers and representatives of industry is to prepare the policy frame work for growth and development of Industries in Delhi.
21.3.1 E-Governance In pursuance of the objective of improving governance, bringing openness and transparency and providing citizen-friendly services the Government of NCT of Delhi has initiated E-governance, with emphasis on "preventive vigilance". It is anticipated that provision of information electronically, rather than over the counter would reduce citizens visits to offices and their interaction with officials. A dynamic web-site, linked to various departments / agencies of the government provides on-line services, including e-applications. Also incorporated is a system of making on line complaints; checking the status of the complaint, sending a reminder and suggestions. It is expected that adoption of such measures would, in the long run, help in curbing the menace of corruption and minimize it to a large extent.
21-3
21.4
AGENDA AND OBJECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS The agenda for further institutional reforms must be guided by the following broad objectives: To clearly institute a political and administrative nodal agency, which could provide effective governance to the NCT; To ensure that the function and powers of this agency and its constituents, match their responsibilities and make them fully accountable. To enable clarity of jurisdiction of various agencies coming into contact with the people and entrusted with various responsibilities To structure administration such that it reaches the people and vice versa, to solve their problems To evolve an effective system of metropolitan planning, keeping in view the needs of planning in the context of NCR ; To strengthen and build capacity within the GNCTD, its constituents and other agencies entrusted with relevant tasks, so that improvements can be brought about, even while further institutional changes are being considered; To make the primary focus of the system and its constituents the functional requirements of management of Delhi 21;
21.5
TOWARDS AN APPROPRIATE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SET-UP FOR DELHI The setting up of the GNCTD in 1993 with a chief Minister and council of Ministers responsible to the legislative assembly could be considered to be a landmark in the chequered political and administrative history of Delhi. The full potential of this change can be realized if the strategies outlined below are developed further for application in the city:
21.5.1 Safeguarding of Capital City Functions Since Delhi is the National Capital, the role of the Central Government in the city is inevitable. However, the requirements of the role of capital city can be geographically contained within a defined area, freeing up the rest of the city for local governance. 21.5.2 Land Management (in areas outside the Capital City Area) As per the final recommendations of the Balakrishanan Report GNCTD cannot tackle problems related to slums/JJ clusters and unauthorized constructions in Delhi, so long as the responsibility for land management is not given to them fully. Responsibility for land management outside the area designated as the capital city would have to be clearly assigned in a manner that involves the State Government more fully
21-4
21.5.3 Streamlining representatives
structure
and
role
of
State
and
City
level
elected
Already the MCD controls a far larger area than any corporation in the country, and is stretched to manage its functions. It is clear that one Municipal Corporation for 23 million people by 2021 is unwieldy. As per the 74th CAA, no ward should have more than 30,000 persons. This would mean 766 councilors or 1,64,000 persons per ward with no increase in number of councilors. The area outside the capital city area be could thus be sub-divided into zones (not necessarily matching the current zonal demarcations) to form Zonal Councils. (as is the case in Greater Tokyo, Greater Cairo, Metro Manila etc). This should be done keeping in view their financial & operational viability. Each zone would thus elect ward councilors to a council. The council may be headed by a Deputy Mayor. Deputy Mayors of all Zonal Councils would report directly to the Chief Minister of the State (eliminating the duality in elected heads that currently exists). The GNCTD, through legislation by the parliament, should thus be delegated powers and functions relating to municipal management. While this may seem to be undermining the urban local body, the actual impact will be to strengthen or streamline local representation. 21.5.4 Role of Zonal Councils/Corporations (ZC) The Zonal Council will be responsible for all municipal functions (relating to the provision of services, operation and management of resources) within its boundaries. In addition, it will undertake the preparation of zonal level plans within each zone; and the local area plan within each ward. Planning staff may be transferred from DDA for this purpose. Capacity building measures for the Zonal Councils would broadly include: Creation of a data base and MIS for property tax: Creation of a similar system for monitoring of civic services: Preparation of bye laws for regulation of various activities Training in the modalities involved in working with the private sector and raising of resources from the market.
This recommended structure for governance is depicted graphically in the figure below:
21-5
ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES WARD COUNCILLOR
EXECUTIVE WING ZONAL COMMISSIONER
DEPUTY MAYOR MLA UDD SECRETARY
CHIEF SECRETARY CHIEF MINISTER
21.5.5 Rationalization of Planning Boundaries There are huge citizen unfriendly overlaps within the geographic boundaries of NCTD which need to be rationalized. The worst of all the overlaps is that of the Mater Plan Zones by DDA (15 no) and MCD zones (12 no. NDMC + CPB). As most of the citizen interactions involve these two authorities, this needs to be reviwed. 21.5.6 Metropolitan Planning Committee Article 243 (1) of the constitution states , There shall be constituted in every Metropolitan Area a Metropolitan Planning Committee to prepare a Draft Development Plan for the metropolitan area as a whole Delhi being a Metropolitan Area, such a committee is required to fill the gap which exists today in the vital area of planning. This committee will be responsible for coordinating the zonal level plans prepared by the zonal councils, keeping overall priorities in mind, and preparing a Draft Development Plan for the city as a whole. This Draft Development Plan will be updated on a continuous basis. The Constitution has provided for the broad set up of the committee (which is to be chaired by the CM) and the functions to be performed, and left it to the state legislature to fill up the gaps. 21.5.7 Role of Delhi Development Authority The DDA can be incorporated into the MPC, to perform the following functions: (a) Perspective Planning; (b) making available serviced land (land connected to city level networks) in development areas; (c) monitoring development. In effect, its officials will perform planning and regulatory functions for all types of development. The auctions policy for land disposal should be abandoned in favour of market price allocation, and no land or built space is to be held back for long from development. Actual execution of development (construction) should be entrusted to the private sector - including individuals, co-operatives as well as private developers and be regulated and monitored by a cell within the MPC.
21-6
Experience over the past 40 years has shown that the private sector is far better equipped to respond to various segments of demand, than a public sector agency. It will be critical to ensure, however, that land is released for all segments and uses in proportion to the registered / estimated demand. In this respect, it may be necessary for an agency of the MPC to carry out a limited programme of housing specifically targeted at the lower income groups (if the private sector cannot be attracted into this activity through concessions) Decisions relating to the development and release of land for specific uses will vest with the State Government (acting on the recommendations of the MPC), and be vetted by the Lt. Governor. 21.5.8 Constitution of an Urban Renewal Corporation (URC) As mentioned previously, Delhi has a unique opportunity in that there are large tracts of land in the heart of the city that are developed at low densities, and are currently occupied by inefficient uses. These public housing estates lie both within the NDMC limits, as well in the MCD area. Urban land is a key resource, and its management is critical to the efficiency and success of any urban area. This is keenly realized in cities that face constraints in the availability of land, such as Singapore1, but is equally important in cities, where a rural belt is available for expansion. London, for example, is currently undertaking the wholesale development of derelict tracts in east London, to make space for the additional 8,00,000 or so people anticipated in the capital city by 2016. Similarly, by some estimates, Manhattan was re-built in 810 phases during the last 100 years. The redeployment of inefficiently used land to meet changing requirements must thus be an on-going process, if cities are to remain at the forefront of economic growth. It is thus proposed to Establish an Urban Renewal Commission, that will actively plan and initiate the renewal / redevelopment of entire blocks in the city; Develop a process for renewal that benefits all stakeholders - the owners, the tenants, developers and the municipality; Create a special cell within the URC that will be responsible for the renewal of the Walled City. Since requirements and constraints are different in this area, this cell must be empowered with special instruments to promote redevelopment within a special (heritage) framework. Eg. Extra FSI could be granted as incentive to redevelop buildings in accordance to specific guidelines.
The Urban Renewal Commission will serve as an intermediary between various stakeholders, suggest a structure for redevelopment, manage the process in a transparent manner; and arbitrate disputes 21.5.9 Water Management Management of water supply and sewerage is among the most important aspects for improving the environment and public health in Delhi. The newly
1 Urban Planning in Singapore is under the charge of an Urban Redevelopment Authority, that redeploys its limited land resources to meet changing needs on a continuous basis.
21-7
set up DJB has to gear itself up to discharge these functions. Autonomy and professional management of the DJB has become critical in view of the likely scarcity of raw water in the not too distant future. The following specific measure need to be taken in this regard: Rationalisation of staffing pattern Use of commercial meters and other equipment to monitor water supply and prevent leakage of water; Promotion of participation of private sector in various managements functions of the board; Creation of a GIS database of the entire distribution network and other key assets Continuous Research and Development Practical implementation of waste water recycling technologies
It is further proposed that responsibilities and functions related to storm water drainage, surface water, ground water and rain water harvesting be vested with a single authority, specially created for the purpose. 21.6 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS
21.6.1 Institutional Structure Slum Housing Corporation (SHC) Delhi along with other metropolitan towns in the country faces the acute problem of the proliferation of slums and squatter settlements. The problem of slums in city is two pronged (i) Legislative: There is no Slum Act supporting the draft policy; (ii) Institutional: Slum Department is mainly performing the role of slum clearances in accordance to the requirements of the land owning agency. It lacks adequate resources to perform a pro-active role in the management of shelter for the poor It is recommended that the current institutional framework be reorganized in order that one organization is made fully responsible for policy formulation, project development, financing, implementation and evaluation. Recommendations include Formation of Slum Housing Corporation (SHC), through a Slum Act, operating under the Urban Development Department (UDD) to undertake the task of provision of housing for slum dwellers. The SHC will be headed by a senior IAS Officer, specially nominated to the post, who will report directly to the Chief Secretary. He will be vested with autonomous powers as may be necessary to carry out his tasks, and ensure a lean and efficient organization. The SHC will be supported through funds from the UDD for a period of five years. It will, however, operate on a commercial format The SHC will be responsible for in-situ rehabilitation, relocation, as well as development of special facilities to house the urban poor (transit camps, night shelters, hostelsetc). It will be supported by zonal and city level infrastructure providing agencies
21-8
The SHC will work through and with NGOs,trusts, private operators, as well as cooperative groups within slum communities. It will incorporate a strong community development unit, skilled in community mobilization. It will be supported by a fully computerized integrated information system on JJ clusters, existing basic services and JJ households for planning implementation and monitoring of all slum improvement programmes. The SHC will incorporate a housing micro-finance facility solely dedicated to financing shelter for the poor (using the title to land, or license to housing as security)
21.6.2 Funding Mechanisms The SHC will operate in commercial format to undertake slum development activities under a Slum Development and Improvement Act. The approach for funding of the improvement schemes proposed will involve an element of cross subsidization between new high-value uses on the site and the provision of infrastructure and services on the remaining land for the poor. In the proposed approach, affordability problems will be minimized by the flow of funds from high value uses to serve the needs of the poor. It will be critical to Prepare alternatives for in-situ development and area development on relocation sites, in consultation with beneficiaries and their representatives; Determine the appropriate amount of land to be released to high value uses for purpose of establishing affordability of the scheme to the beneficiaries and private developer/government. Keep subsidies to a minimum - a mechanism for capturing beneficiary contributions would need to be developed, and varied to suit ability to pay of as many of the target group as possible. The implementing agency for the scheme would contribute a pre determined share of total scheme costs to be funded by government.
All schemes (including those that are not viable for development in a commercial format) will be facilitated through housing micro-finance schemes, administered by the SHC. These will carry reasonable interest rates, and will be repayable over the long term (15 years or more). Assuming an interest rate of about 8 percent, the EMI on hire purchase amount of Rs 50,000 would be less than Rs 400 per month. In order to initiate the SHC, and ensure its operations in the long term, it is proposed that all lands currently under JJ clusters (ex. railway and roads dept.) to be transferred to SHC On on-going basis, 25 % of all land proposed for development to be handed over to SHC (as proposed by the JNNURM, in order to ensure an on-going supply of shelter for the poor) 21-9
While the SHC will have the independence to use the land assets at its disposal at its discretion (after this has been vetted by the CS), the exclusive focus of its operations will be to meet the shelter requirements of the poor in the city in a manner that is appropriate and affordable to them. It will be responsible for the management of its assets & liabilities, the generation and deployment of funds towards this end. 21.7 CONCLUSION The institutional reforms to be undertaken by the State Government and progress on these have been presented in Annex 21-1. These institutional reforms will provide basis to the state government to implement the projects identified under JNNURM in more effective and sustainable manner.
21-10

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CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN DELHI

Department of Urban Development Government of Delhi

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited, New Delhi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION

City Assessment: Urban Infrastructure and Governance

Land and Urban Growth Management

Sewerage and Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Traffic and Transportation

Storm Water Drainage

E.1.9 Urban Governance

Implementation of 74th CAA

Overlapping of functions Other Infrastructure Sectors

City Assessment: Basic Services to Urban Poor

Slums and Clusters

State urban reforms

Institutional and fiscal reforms

Vision & Strategies for Development

PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

RS (Crore) SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR

Central Government State Government Urban Local Body / Financial Institution.

Urban Poor, Housing SUB-TOTAL TOTAL

4400 4400 24140

1230 1230 5793

1208 1208 6530

1023 1023 6430

556 556 2983

383 383 2402

2200 2200 9109

2200 2200 12070

FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN

Department wise Investment

13487 231 593 582 431 9 20

0 32 5.6 0.2 0.6

50.8 51.2 39.6 0.2 1 4415.3 558.4 558.4 4973.7

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

City Development Plan

1.2.1. 1.3.1 1.3.2. 1.3.3. 1.3.4.

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS............................................................ 1-2

CHAPTER-2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...........................................2-1

2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3

MIGRATION PATTERN ...................................................................................... 2-3

CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE...............................................3-1

3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4

PRIMARY SECTOR ...........................................................................................3-12 i

City Development Plan

SECONDARY SECTOR ......................................................................................3-12

3.4.1 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7

TERTIARY SECTOR ..........................................................................................3-16

CHAPTER 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE ........................................4-1

URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY....................................................................... 4-8

4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ................................................................................4-14

CHAPTER - 5 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH .......................5-1

City Development Plan

CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM ................................................6-1

6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4

SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES .................................................. 6-9

6.7.1 6.7.2 6.7.3 6.7.4

ISSUES OF SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS ......................................................................6-12 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 7-1

CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT .................7-1

7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3

HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................7-19