Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Joj;flos prfO
a9fpFb} dlxnfx?
dlxnf Jofj;foL
Joj;flos prfO a9fpb} dlxnfx?
hflu/ 5f]8]/ pBddf /dfpFb}
klxnf] Jofkfl/s dlxnf g]t[
;Dklt gx'Fbf ;j} 6]l9G5g\
pBf]u
lgufn] l;d]G6nfO{ u'0f:t/ k|df0f lrGx
s[lif
Ps;o %) jif{kl5lrof v]tLsf] cg';Gwfg
df5f kfngdf /dfpFb} df]xg
#
#
^
*
!!
!$
!$
!^
!^
!&
#!#
s/, /fh:j
s/ ljifodf hfGg'kg]{ s'/f
s/bftfnfO{ ;Ddfg
a}+s tyf ljlQo
kqmfp kb}{ a}\s/
qmdz ufleb} ljlQo ;+:yfx?
gub nfef+z / z]o/ lb+b} ljlQo ;+:yfx?
lsi6 ;lxt kfFr a}\s 3f6fdf
cfot lgof{t
Aofkf/ 3f6f %^ ca{
Dofgdf/af6 ns8L cfot
d]nf df]xT;j
lj/f6gu/df cGt{/fli6o d]nfsf] tof/L
O6x/Ldf k"jf{~rn dxf]T;j x'g]
ko{6g tyf pBf]u
dgf]sf\Iff k'/f u/fpg] cf:yfsL b]jL
;'/Iff
k|x/Lsf] z'l4s/0f cleofg
sf/uf/df sfo{qmd
cGt{jftf{
@% xhf/ ?k}ofaf6 Aoj;fo yfn]sf] xf]
O6x/L k"j{s} cg's/0fLo zx/ xf]
cjsfz hLjg Aofkf/df nufpF5'
ljljw
kf]6]{jn ofK;
blIf0fsfnLsf] sfo{;ldlt k'g{u7g
a'4f]bon] !! k|ltzt nfef+z lbg]
s[lif a}\sn] ;'gsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{
wg k|flKtsf] cb\e"t M uhs]z/L of]u
k'; @)&)
!*
!*
@)
@!
@!
@@
@$
@%
@^
@^
@&
@*
@*
@(
@!
#)
#@
#@
##
#!
#!
#%
$@
#!
$@
$$
$%
$^
$&
1
j]e M
www.arthabeat.com.np,
k'; @)&)
;DkfbsLo
Joj;fodf dlxnf
cy{la6 8]:s
dlxnfx? k'?ifsf] sdfOdf 3/ l;+ufg]{ / r'nf] rf}sf] ;dfNg] dfq xf]Og cfo
cfh{gdf klg k'?ifeGbf cAan eP/ b]vfpg ;S5g\ eGg] pbfx/0f vf]Hg cj
6f9f hfg' kb}g{ . tkfO{ xfd|} jl/k/L klg o:tf Ifdtfjfg dlxnfx? 5g\ .
h:sf] sd{af6 cGo w]/} dlxnf lbbLalxgLx?nfO{ pTk|]/0ff ldNg ;S5 eGg]
7fg]/ xfdLn] o; k6s k"jf{~rndf ljleGg Joj;fodf ;lqmo x'Fb} cfPsf dlxnfx?sf] af/]df pgLx?sf] Joj;flos
ofqf cg'ej / ;kmntfsf] syfnfO{ ;d]6\g] sf]lz; u/]sf 5f}+. oxfF k|:t't kfqx? pbfx/0f dfq x'g\. k"jf{~rn
If]qdf cem} w]/} lbbL alxgLx?n] cfkm\g} g]t[Tjdf Joj;fo rnfP/ ;dfhdf pbfx/0f b]vfPsf 5g\.Ps} k6s ;j}nfO{
;d]6\g g;lsg] ePsfn] o; k6s xfdLn] k|ltlgwL d"ns ?kdf s]xL dlxnfx?sf] Joj;flos ofqfnfO{ ;d]6]sf 5f}+.
o;/L g} cu|0fL eP/ nfu]sf cGo dlxnx?nfO{ klg cfufdL lbgdf ;d]6\b} hfg] xfd|f] nIo 5.
k'; @)&)
cfj/0f
dfs]{l6\n] Joj;fodf
k]|l/t uof]{
k'; @)&)
ldlxg]t / cfTdljZjf;n]
Jofkf/df
cu'
j
fO
Ifdtf,lg/Gt/ k|of; ePg eg] ;kmn x'g ;lsb}g,
ld/f e/fO{
k'; @)&)
dfnf b]jfg
k|f]k|fO6/
dfnf s]ldsn pBf]u,
O6x/L
k'; @)&)
lyof] k"FhLsf].
lhljs} grNg] hflu/df !& jif{ ljtfO ;s]sL dfnfn]
hflu/ xfk]/} pBf]udf nufgL ug]{ lg0f{o ul/g. pgn] hflu/
5f]8\bf kfPsf] sl/j !) xhf/ ?k}ofFdf afFsL C0f u/]/ !^
xhf/ hDdf kf/]kl5 pgLx?n] dfnf s]ldsn pBf]usf] :yfkgf
u/]. of] @)$& ;fnsf] s'/f xf]. pxfF k|fljlws x'gfn] Aoj:yfkg
/ ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu c? dfG5] /fVg} kb{Yof]. c? dfG5] /fv]/
tnj lbg' eGbf cffkm}n] v6\g' /fd|f] xf] eGg] lgZsif{n] d}n] hflu/
5f]8s
] L lyP. To;j]nf u/]sf] lg0f{odf dnfO{ k5'tf] 5}g. h] u/]
l7s u/] eGg] nflu /x]sf]5. o;df :jtGqtf 5. Joj;fo;Fu}
;fdflhs sfd klg ug{ kfPsL 5'. dfnfn] egLg\. pBf]usf]
;~rfnsdfq x}g sjf8Laf6 vl/b ul/Psf k'/fgf l;;L cfFkm}
;kmf ug],{ lgM;+qmd0fo'Qm agfpg], Kofls\ ug]{ / ahf/df nu]/
ljlqm ug]{ ;d]t cfFkm} ub{Yof}+ .
>Ldfg rqmn] k|fljlwssf] ;j} e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ / dfnfn]
pBf]usf] k|zf;g, Aoj:yfkg, jhf/Ls/0f / a}l\s\ nufotsf
;j} sfd ub}{ cfPsL 5g\. rqm eG5g\ dnfO{ jflx/L s'/fsf]
hfgsf/L x'bF g} Tof] dfnfn]g} ul5{g pTkfbgsf] sfddf eg] d}n]
sb]vL 1;Dd cfFkm} nfu]/ ul/ /x]sf] 5'. d cfFkm} k|fljlws
ePsfn] jhf/df pknAw ljb]zL pTkfbg eGbfjl9 u'0f:t/Lo
Joj;fodf dlxnf
s;/L agfpg] eGg]d} Wofg lbO /x]sf] 5'.
ljb]zLeg]kl5 /fd|f] / :jb]zL ;j} v/fj eGg] dfgl;stf
xfd|f] ;dfhdf 5. clxn] gfkmf gxf]; t/ u|fxsn] Psk6s
k|of]u u/]kl5 ?rfpg] k|8S6 xfdLn] lbg'k5{ eg]/ nflu k/]sf
5f}+ . dfnf elG5g\.
!^ xhf/ ?k}ofF nufgLaf6 sfnf] lrn 5fk ud, d;L,lkmg]n
/ 6\jfOn]6 lSng/ pTkfbg ub}{ z'? ePsf] dfnf s]ldsn dlxnfn]
;~rfng u/]sf] O6x/L If]qsf] klxnf] pBf]u xf]. xfn o;
pBf]uaf6 #% k|sf/sf pTkfbg jhf/df uO/x]sf 5g\.
xfn &% nfv ?k}ofF k"h
F L k'us
] f] pgsf] pBf]un] !! hgfnfO{
k|ToIf /f]huf/L lbPsf] 5. k"j{ d]rLb]vL dxfsfnL;Ddg} ahf/
k|ltlglw dfkm{t pTkfbgx? ljlqm ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] pBf]usf]
jflif{s sl/j !* nfv ?k}ofFsf] sf/f]jf/ eO /x]sf] dfnf atfpFl5g\.
g]kfndf zf}rfno k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof j9];uF } zf}rfno
;/;kmfO ug]{ pTkfbgsf] ahf/ klg lbgfg'lbg jl9 /x]sf] 5.
t/ ljb]zL pTkfbgs} jfx'Notfn] ubf{ :jb]zL pTkfbg k|fyldstfdf
kl/ /x]sf 5}gg\. dfnf s]ldsnsf pTkfbg d"No / u'0f:t/ b'j}
lx;fjn] pko'Qm 5g\. ljb]zL pTkfbg eGbf u'0f:t/Lo / em08}
!% k|ltzt sddf d"Nod} pknAw u/fO /x]sf] bfjL pgsf] 5.
pTkfbs
k'; @)&)
cWoIf
pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, Onfd
OlGb/f l3dL/]
cfj/0f
ljlgtf a~h/f
;+rfns
u'0f:tl/o g]kfnL 9fsf 6]8;{, O6x/L
ePsf] 5 d w]/} v';L 5'. pgn] elgg\.
k"jf{~rndf x'g] ljleGg d]nf, dxf]T;jx?df ;lqmotf k"js
{
:6n ;~rfng u/]/ cfk\mgf] Aoj;fo / g]kfnsf] df}lns
kf]zfssf] k|j4{g ub}{ cfPsL lalgtf z'?sf lbgsf] ;+3if{
;+emFbf clxn] ;kgf h:tf] nfUg] pnn]v ul5{g. z'?sf] ;do
;fx}" ufx"f] lyof]. k"FhL km:g] kf] xf]sL eGg] nfUYof], lsg eg]
ddf Aoj;fo ;DalGw cg'ej ;'Go lyof]. t/ klg cfTd
ljZjf; /fv]/ lg/Gt/ Aoj;fodf nflu /xFbf ;kmntf ldNg]
/x]5. of] Aoj;fonfO{ cem} gljg 9\uaf6 cuf8L a9fpg] /
elj:odf 9fsf sk8fsf] pBf]u g} ;~rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]
pgL atfpFl5g\.
Aoj;fodf ;kmn x'g kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u / ;dGjosf]
7"nf] vfFrf] kg]{ pgsf] cg'ej 5. s;}n] klg PSn}n] s'g}
sfddf ;kmntf kfpg d'l:sn x'G5 d}n] klg kfl/jfl/s
;xof]uaf6} of] :yfg kfpg ;s]sL xF'. dlxnf lbbL alxgLx?n]
To;} a:g x'Fb}g s]xL g s]xL cfo cfh{gsf] sfd lg/Gt/ /
;do ;fk]If 9\un] ug{ ;s] lglZrt ?kdf ;kmn x'g ;lsg]
pgsf] ;'emfj 5.
k'; @)&)
/fh]z a/fn
9
k'; @)&)
cfj/0f
;d]t ;xof]u uof]{ . p;sf] ljb]z uP/ k9\g] OR5fnfO{ k'/f ug{
xfdLn] ePsf] 3/ hUuf lwtf] /fv]/} ePklg ljb]z k7fof}+ clxn]
bfh' efO ldn]/ Tof] C0f lt/L;s] . d]/f] b'Mv / ldlxg]tnfO{
d]/f 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] ;d]t a'em]/ ;fy lbPsf]df d w]/} v';L 5'.
cGh' elG5g\.
clxn] tLg} hgf 5f]/f 5f]/L 3/ jflx/ x'bF f klg cGh'n] sfd
ug{ 5f]8s
] L 5}gg\. Psn hLjg ljtfO /x]sL cGh'n] clxn]
xfF;kf];fl:yt cfk\mg} 3/df afaf xf8{jo] / k;n rnfPsL 5g\.
cfwf/lznf / hubDaf l;d]G6sf] l8n/ ;d]t /fv]sL cGh'n]
ev{/} cfkm\gf] 3/ ;d]t tLg tnf agfPsL 5g\. pgnfO{ xf8{jo] /
;Grfngsf nflu pgs} lbbLsf 5f]/fn] ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\.
ljjfx u/] otfsf] @% jif]{ hLjg ;+3if{df pgn] a'em]sf]
;dfh eg]sf] an]sf] cfuf] tfKg] /x]5. pgL elG5g\ d]/f >Ldfgsf]
lgwg x'bF f Pstn] 3/dfq lyof]. To;sf] nf]Ug] d/L xfNof] cj
Ps tn]dfq 3/ ePsfn] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ;d]t ug{ ;lSbg
To;n] eGg];Ddsf] cfnf]rgf d}n] ;'g] . geGb} To;j]nf s'g}
;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfn] sfo{qmd ubf{ d]/f 5]p 5fpsf l5d]sLnfO{
lr6\7L sf6]/ lgDtf uy]{ eg] dnfO{ ub}g{ y]. To;}n] d]/f] dgdf
klg Ov a9\of] d cem} s]xL u/]/ b]vfpF5' clg 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] cfdf
ca tkfOFn] sfd ug{ kb}g{ eGbf klg d}n] To;} a:g' x'bF g} d of]
sfd u5'{ eg]/ xf8{jo] / rnfpg yfn]sL x'F .
pgn] elgg\ clxn] ;j} ;+3 ;+:yfn] ug]{ sfo{qmddf dnfO
lgDtf cfpF5 hfg gEofpFbf klg tkfOF cfO lbg' k5{ eg]/
cg'/f]w x'G5 o;af6 dnfO nfU5 5g\ u]8L-;Dklt_ ;j} d]/L
5}gg\ u]8L ;j} 6]8LeGg] a'9f kfsfn] agfPsf] pvfg ;fRr} g}
l7s /x]5. t/ cfdf ;d"x xfF;kf];fsL ;+:yfks cWoIf sdnf
v8\sf k|lt pgL w]/} cfef/L 5g\ elG5g sdnf lbbLn] dnfO{
ljifd kl/l:ytLdf klg ;fdflhs sfddf ;lqmo x'g k|/] 0ff lbg'
eof] pxfFsf] k|/] 0ffn] klg d clxn] of] :yfgdf cfO k'us
] L x'F .
cfk\mgf] ;+3if{sf] cg'ej ;j} dlxnfx?nfO{ atfpg rfxg] cGh'
elG5g\ >Ldfgsf] sdfOdf dfq e/kg],{ jflx/ /fd|f] b]vLP/ leq
vf]qmf] x'g] k/Dk/fnfO{ TofUg' k5{. cj;/ cfFkm} cfpFbg} , s;}n]
af]nfP/ lb+bf gL lbb}g cfFkm}n] vf]Hg' k5{. ;'vdf gkflQg] /
b'Mvdf gcflQ cj;/sf] vf]hL ug'k{ 5{ c;n dflg;sf] ;+ut
ug'k{ 5{ ldlxg]t, kl/>d / artdf Wofg lbg' k5{.
PnkL k/fh'nL
k'; @)&)
11
Joj;fodf dlxnf
l/;f]66d{ d
{ f } dfdf
dfdf // ;;'
fnL 3/
3/
l/;f]
;;'//fnL
nfdf] ;do /fhgLltdf ;lqmo x'Fb} cfPsL O6x/LsL ldgf kfF r hgfnfO{ lgoldt
>]i7 b'O jif{b]vL /fhgLltnfO{ yfFtL /fv]/ sf7df8f}+sf] skgdf /f]huf/L lbPsf] 5.
lsdfyf\sf l/;f]6{ rnfpFb} 5g\.
;f9] b'O /f]kgL hUufdf
/fhgLlt;Fu} cfly{s ;d[l4 klg rflxG5. /fhgLltnfO{ km}lnPsf] pgsf] l/;f]6{df
dfq k]zf agfpFbf of] dof{lbt ePg. /fhgLlt ug]{ dfG5] lgs6 elj:od} xfF; sf]
cfly{s ?kdf ;jn gx'Fbf kbdf k'u]/ cfly{s clgoldttf / 5f]onf, a6\6fO / 6fp6
k|nf]egsf s'/fx?n] k|;o kfPsf] b]Vbf xfdL o'jflk8Ln] df5fsf] kl/sf/ ;d]t /fVg]
/fhgLlt;Fu} cfly{s pkfh{gsf]nflu klg cu'jfO ug'{k5{ eGg] of] h gf /x] s f] p gL
dx;'z u/]/ d}n] Joj;fo z'? u/]sL x'F. ldgf elG5g\.
atfpFl5g\.
sf7df8f} lhNnfsf] ;'Gb/ ufpF skgsf] a+unfd'vL eGg]
ldgf >]i7
cfly{s qmflGt cfhsf]
7fpFdf pgsf] l/;f]6{ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5. @ jif{cl3 #! cfjZostf xf] lsgsL ca
-;~rfns_
nfv ?k}ofF nufgL u/]/ vf]n]sf] lsdfyf\sf l/;f]6{df pgn] ;w}+ c?;Fu rGbf p7fP/
gofF k|of]u u/]sL 5g\. pgsf] l/;f]6{df d"n 3/, dfdf 3/,
lsdfyf\sf l/;f]6{, skg
;;''/fnL 3/ h:tf s6]hx? /x]sf 5g\. km/s km/s s6]hdf /fhgLlt ug{ x'Fb}g /fhgLlt h:tf] dof{lbt / gLlt lgdf{0fsf],
km/s km/s kl/sf/sf] :jfb lng kfOg] ldgf atfpFl5g\. /fHo ;~rfngsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ dxfg sfdsf] nflu c?;Fu
d"n3/df ! ;o ^) hgf Ifdtfsf] ;]ldgf/ xn 5 eg] xft km}nfP/ rGbf p7fP/ cfk\mgf] p2]Zo k'/f ug]{ sfd eO
;;'/fnL / dfdf3/ :jfb cg';f/sf kl/sf/ vfg j:g] s6]hx? /xFbf /fhgLltsf] cf8df d"No a[l4, sfnf] jhf/L cfly{s
x'g\. ;;'/fnL 3/df !@ hgf / dfdf 3/df !^ hgfn] Ps} clgoldttf eO /x]sf] a'emfO pgsf] 5. To;}n] cfly{s
qmflGtsf] nflu cfFkm'n] h] hflgG5 h] ug{ ;lsG5 To;nfO{
k6s j;]/ vfg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5.
gofF k|of]u u/]/ Aoj;fo ug'{ kb{5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg klg
dfd f 3/df
j+ u ' / sf ] df ;'
d"n3/df ! ;o ^) hgf Ifdtfsf] ;]ldgf/ cfFk'mn] Aoj;fo z'? u/]sf] pgL atfpFl5g\. b'O
6]jnd} j;]/ cfFkm}n] xn 5 eg] ;;'/fnL / dfdf3/ :jfb jif{sf] cjlwdf cfFk'mnfO{ Aoj;foaf6 ;Gt'li6 ldln
kf]n]/ vfg kfOG5. cg';f/sf kl/sf/ vfg j:g] s6]hx? x'g\ . /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbb} ldgf elG5g\ /fhgLlt ug{
o; 3/df sf]l/og ;;'/fnL 3/df !@ hgf / dfdf 3/df !^ rfxfg] x/] s o'j f lkl9+n ] Aoj;fo u/]/ efjL
vfgfsf] kl/sf/ - hgfn] Ps} k6s j;]/ vfg ;Sg] Ifdtf /fhgLltnfO{ rGbf cft\s ljlxg :jR5 / dof{lbt
; f \ u ] k ; f n _ , 5. dfdf 3/df j+u'/sf] df;' 6]jnd} j;]/ agfpg kb{5 eGg] d]/f] a'emfO 5 .
sf ] l /o g h' ; , cfF k m} n ] kf] n ] / vfg
sf] l /og dlb /f kfOG5. o; 3/df
nuf ot
; j} sf]l/og vfgfsf] kl/sf/
k| s f/sf sf] l/og
-;f\u]k;fn_, sf]l/og
kl/sf/ kfOg]
h' ; , sf] l/og dlb/f
Aoj:yf 5.
;;'/fnL 3/df nufot ;j} k|sf/sf
a:g]n] eg] nf]sn sf]l/og kl/sf/ kfOg]
s' v ' / fsf ] df ;' , Aoj:yf 5.
kmfk/,sf] b f] tyf
ds}sf] l9+8f] vfg
kfOG5. l/;f]6{df sf7sf] efF8fdf /flvPsf]
lxn]sf] tf]\jf, sf]l/og /S;L ;f]h', d':tf\sf]
skmL dfq x}g nf]sn jfOgdf skmL ld;fP/
;d]t vfg kfpg] ;'ljwf 5. l/;f]6{df ;fdfGo
vfg]s/' fx? d6g tf;, lrsg tf;,;]s'jf, lkHhf
ju{/ nufot ;j} vfnsf vfg]s'/fx? kfOg] /
jf; j:g] @ cf]6f s6]h 5g\. pgsf] l/;f]6{n]
12
k'; @)&)
;GWof kf]v/]n
;~rfns
uf}/L u0f]z xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6 6]lg k|fln, w/fg
k'; @)&)
13
pBf]u
k'; @)&)
lzIff
;]s]|6xf6{ !* jif{df
lj1fg k| o f] u zfnf /
k':tsfnonfO{ cfw'lgs ?kdf
ljsf; u/]/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/
j[l4df ;xof]uL agfpg] of]hgf
;d]t ljBfnon] cl3 ;f/]sf] 5.
* ;o @% hgf ljBfyL{
cWoog/t ;]qm]6xf6{ :s'nn] afn
dgf] l j1fg cg' ; f/ ;fgf
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ pkof]lu l;sfO l;sfpg 5'6\6} Ans ejgsf]
Aoj:yf u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5. ;fy} ljBfnon] ljBfyL{x?sf]
rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg cltl/St lqmofsnfkdf Wofg
lbb} cfPsf] / ljleGg If]qLo tyf lhNnf :t/Lo k|ltikwf{x?df
;f] ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?n] /fd|f] glthf xfl;n
ub}{ cfPsf] sfo{qmddf hfgsf/L lbOof]. b'O
lbg;Dd ;~rflnt jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]xdf
ljBfyL{x?sf k|ltefsf] phfu/ ug{ lj1fg
k|bz{g, lrqsnf, x:tsnf nufotsf] k|bz{gL
;d]t ul/Psf] lyof]. ljBfyL{x?n] ljleGg
uLt, ;+uLt, g[To / k|xzg ;d]t k|:t't u/]sf
lyP. sfo{qmd ljBfnosf ;~rfns ;ldltsf
cWoIf Zofd sfsL{sf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] lyof].
k"jf{~rns} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] l8kf6{d]06 :6f]/
xfd|f ;]jfx?
c08/u|fp08df M tfhf kmnkm"n tyf ;fu;lAh
e'O{ tNnf
M vfBfGg, k]o kbfy{ tyf
k|mf]hg cfO6dx?
klxnf] tNnf
M s:d]l6s, lsrgsf ;fdfu|L tyf
Knfli6ssf ;dfgx?
bf]>f] tNnf
M On]S6f]lgS; cfO6dx?
t];|f] tNnf
M h'Ttf rKkn tyf ;'6s]z
rf}yf] tNnfdf M sk8f, ;l6;'l6 tyf ;fl8x?
kfFrf}+ tNnfdf
M afnaflnsfsf ;Dk'0f{ ;fdfgx?
5}7f}+ tNnfdf
M uf]/vf lsrg / ;]ldgf/ xn
O6x/L!, w/fg/f]8, ;'g;/L
;Dks{ M )@%%*#@%$
k'; @)&)
15
s[lif
Ps;o %) jif{kl5
lrof v]tLsf]
cg';Gwfg
/fh]z a/fnwgs'6f
16
k'; @)&)
k'; @)&)
17
cfn]v
s/sf] kl/ro
18
k'; @)&)
s/bftfsf] bfloTj
k'; @)&)
19
/fh:j
s/bftfnfO{ ;Ddfg
k'; @)&)
cy{la6w/fg
a}l\s
k|f]k|fO6/
s'jL/ If]qL kf}8]n
21
laQ ahf/
k'; @)&)
;g/fOh / Pr P08 aL
k'; @)&)
23
z]o/ ahf/
k'; @)&)
g]kfnsf #! cf]6f jfl0fHo a}\s dWo] rfn' cfly{s 3f6f 36]sf] xf]. t/ v/fj shf{sf] cg'kft j9]sf] 5.
jif{sf] c;f]h d;fGt;Dddf 3f6fdf uPsf] Psdfq a}\s
ut cfjsf] c;f]h d;fGt;Dd sl/j #=(* k|ltzt v/fj
ag]sf] 5 lsi6 a}\s.
C0f /x]sf] lsi6 a}\ssf] o; cfjsf] ;f] cjlwdf v/fj C0f
of] a}\s rfn' cfjsf] c;f]h dlxgf;Dd @ s/f]8 &$ a9]/ &=%@ k|ltzt ePsf] 5. ut c;f/df o:tf] C0f ^=%(
k|ltzt lyof]. % k|ltzt eGbf jl9 v/fj shf{ x'\g'nfO{ a}\ssf]
/fd|f] cj:yf dflgb}g.
To:t} /fli6"o :t/sf !& ljsf; a}\s dWo] rf/cf]6f a}\s
3f6fdf uPsf 5g\. c;f]h dlxgf;Ddsf] sf/f]jf/ ljj/0f cg';f/
To;/L 3f6fdf hfg] a}\sx? dWo] olt 8]enkd]G6 a}s
\ sf] 3f6f
;j}eGbf jl9 #@ s/f]8 $% nfv !@ xhf/ / v/fj shf{ @)=)^
k|ltzt 5. lejf]/ ljsf; a}\ssf] 3f6f @ s/f]8 *( nfv *^
xhf/ / v/fj shf{ !%=%@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5.
To:t} ;DjlGwt a}\sn] k|sflzt u/]sf] ljj/0f cg';f/
PlS;; 8]enkd]G6 a}\s ! s/f]8 %! nfv, sfi7df08k
8]enkd]G6 a}\s ! s/f]8 %) nfv $# xhf/ ?k}ofF 3f6fdf
/x]sf 5g\.
nfv $) xhf/ ?k}ofF v'b 3f6fdf uPsf] 5. @)^( r}t
o; cjlwdf ljsf; a}\sx? dWo]df ;j}eGbf jl9 @@
d;fGtdf % s/f]8 %) nfv !) xhf/ ?k}ofF 3f6fdf /x]sf]df s/f]8 &) nfv (* xhf/ v'bgfkmf eg] PgcfOl8;Ln] sdfPsf]
@)&) c;f/ d;fGtdf cfOk'Ubf 3f6f a9]/ * s/f]8 ($ 5. t/ p;sf] klg v/fj shf{ eg] !$=!$ k|ltzt /x]]sf] 5.
nfv *^ xhf/ ?k}ofF ePsf] lyof]. t/ c;f]hdf cfOk'Ubf
sf/f]jf/,r'Qmfk"h
F L / v'b d'gfkmfsf] cfwf/df OG6/g]zgn
lnlh\ P08 kmfOgfG; sDkgL cfOPnPkm;Lcf]_ / gf/fo0fL g]zgn
kmfOgfG; sDkgL pTs[i6 ePsf
5g\.
cfly{s jif{ @)^()&) sf]
sf/f]jf/sf] cfwf/df b Aof\s/ gfds klqsfn] k|sfzg
u/]sf] tYof\s cg';f/ pTs[i6 !) df k/]sf ljQ sDkgL
dWo] cfOPnPkm;L / gf/fo0fL ;jf]{Ts[i6 ePsf x'g\. ljQ
sDkgLx? dWo] ;j}eGbf jl9 b'O ca{ ?k}ofF r'Qmf k"FhL
/x]sf] cfOPnPkm;Lsf] ut
c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] lgIf]k Ps ca{ $@ s/f]8 / nufgL b'O
ca{ ^^ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5. sDkgLn] ;f] cjlwdf !( s/f]8
$( nfv ?k}ofF v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g u/]sf] lyof]. sf7df8f}df
d'Vo sfof{no /x]sf] of] kmfOgfG;sf * cf]6f zfvf /x]sf
5g\. sDkgLsf] k"jf{~rnsf] Aofkfl/s s]Gb| O6x/Ldf ;d]t
zfvf /x]sf] 5.
k'; @)&)
25
cfot lgof{t
k'; @)&)
k'; @)&)
27
pBf]u jfl0fHo
k'; @)&)
;Dks{ M (*%@)$^!%#
)@%%*)&%@, %*!&!#
k'; @)&)
29
ko{6g
kflye/f dftf
k'; @)&)
pBf]uL cg'ej
@% xhf/ ?k}ofaf6
Joj;fo yfn]sf] xf]
tkfOFn] Aofkf/ slxn] z'? ug'{ ePsf] xf] <
nIdL pk|]tL
k'; @)&)
31
;'/Iff
df] / \ Aofkf/
;+3n] Ps sfo{qmd
cfof]hgf ul/ k|x/L
gfoj dxflg/LIfs
gj/fh l;njfnnfO{
:jfut u/]sf] 5. ;f]
cj;/df ;+ 3 sf
cWoIf cljgfz
af] x /fn] k| g fdlg
l;Njfnsf] :jfut ub}{
k"j{ If]q sf pBf]uL
Joj;foLx?n] ef]Ug'
k/]sf ;d:ofx?sf
jf/] d f hfgsf/L
u/fPsf lyP.
pgn] ub}{ o;
If]qsf] zflGt ;'/Iff, ;Ldf If]qdf x'g] cj}w sf/f]jf/ nufotsf
ljifodf k|x/L k|zf;g cem ;s[o x'g' kg]{df s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'
ePsf] lyof].
e]63f6sf cj;/df eG;f/ gfsfdf s8fO{ gx'Fbf ;Ldf
If]qsf] ahf/ u'Nhf/ x'g uO{ o; If]qsf] Jofkf/ Joj;fo
v:sFb} uPsf] / cj}w Jofkf/ al9/x]sfn] o;nfO{ s8fOsf
;fy sfof{Gjog u/L o; If]qsf] ahf/ k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos
e"ldsf v]Ng' kg]{ cWoIf af]xf]/fn] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP.
k|gfdlg l;njfnn] ;Ldf If]qdf x'g] cj}w sf/f]jf/nfO{
lg?T;flxt ug]{ nufot k"j{ If]qsf] zflGt ;'/Iff sfod /fVg
cfFkm" sl6j4 /xg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub}{ cjf+lIft lqmofsnfknfO{
/f]Sg pBf]uL Joj;foLx?af6 klg ;xof]u x'g' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8
lbPsf lyP. ;fy} s/ 5Ng], cj}w sf/f]jf/nfO{ j9fjf lbg]
h:tf lqmofsnfk u/]df cfkm" kl5 gkg]{ eGb} pBf]uL Joj;foLx?
klg kf/blz{ ePdf s;}nfO{ cGofo gx'g] ljZjf; lbnfPsf
lyP. To:t} aGb x8tfn h:tf sfo{qmdx?af6 cf}Bf]lus
gu/Lsf] cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf c;/ kl//x]sf] x'bF f o:tf sfo{qmd
/f]Sg] ;DjGwdf ;j} /fhg}lts bn / Joj;foLx? jLr
cGt/lqmof u/fO{ aGb, x8tfn h:tf sfo{qmd /f]Sg cfkm"
k|ltj4 /xg] ;d]t k|gfdlg l;Njfnn] atfPsf lyP.
32
k'; @)&)
sf/uf/df
sfo{qmd
OSHIL SAJHA
TRAVEL & TOURS
xfd| f ;] j fx? M
:jb]z
;Dk"0 tyf la
b
;'ljwf f{ xjfO{ l6s]zsf
pknA
w 5\g 6sf]
\.
la/f6rf}s zfvf M ck{g Gof}kfg] M )@!%$%^#$, (*$@)(#%&$ pnf{jf/Llnnf >]i7 M )@!%$)@%%, latf{df]8uf]kfn vgfn M )@#%$!$)%,
(*$@^@$$*% rGb|u9Lc?0f >]i7 M )@#$%%!#(, sfs8lefl/tf yfkf M )@#%^@$@$, bds lutf sfsL{ M )@#%*@!@*, (*)*%*%)&%
tfKn]h'vu]Gb| >]i7 M )@$$^))$(,kfFry//fh' >]i7 M )@$%@)##&, Onfdljdn j}B M )@&%@))*&(*$@&&^)^), w/fg;Gtf]if l;jf
M )@%%#)!^& (*$@#!!$$**, n]6f /d]z j:tL M (*$@$#*^##, ufO3f6kL sf]O/fnf M (*$@*@^&(%)#%$@)$&(, wgs'6f
o'j/fh lg/f}nf (*$@)^@()&, lj/f6gu/ s[kf rf}w/L M )@!%@&^#*, (*$@)&@&(%,
k'; @)&)
33
cGt{jftf{
kz' k lt vltj8f
sfo{ s f/L clws[ t
O6x/L gu/kflnsf
O6x/L gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[t eP/ cfpg' ePsf] cfpg] ub{Yof]. O6x/L eGbf w]/} k'/fgf] gu/ bdsn] klg
5 oxfFsf k|d'v ;d:of s] s] dx;'z ug'{eof] <
hg;xeflutfsf] cg's/0f O6x/Laf6} u/]sf] xf] d ToxfF
;d:of klxrfg ug{ ;do nfU5. df]6f df]6L ;d:of x]bf{
kmf]xf]/ Aoj:yfkgsf nflu 8lDk\ ;fO6 / hg;xeflutfnfO{
Aojl:yt ug]{ k|d'v ;d:of 5g\. To:t} 5f8f rf}kfosf] ;d:of
/ a;kfs{sf] ;d:of klg 5. t/ cGo 7fpFsf ;d:of;Fu t'ngf
ug]{ xf] eg] kl5NnfnfO{ ;d:of gdfGbf x'G5.
k'; @)&)
/ xf]
nflu klg xfdL lqmoflzn x'g} k5{. To;sf nflu ;j} ;+efjgfx? lbPsf 5f}+ . ;jf/L ;fwg / sd{rf/Lsf] kl/rfng To;} ;+:yfn]
vf]hL ug{ ;j{ klIfo / ;j{blno 5nkmn rnfP/, ;'emfj / ug]{ tnj eQf nufotsf ;j} vr{ p;}n] j]xf]g{] 5. sd{rf/LnfO{
;+efjgfsf s'/fx? klxrfg u/]/ hfg] 5f}+.
tnj eQf gu/kflnsfn] lbb} cfPeGbf sd lbg gkfpg] >d
o;df lghL If]q;Fusf] ;fem]bf/L s;/L eO /x]sf] 5 < Pg] eGbf jl9 ;do sfd nufP yk ;'ljwf lbg' kg]{ nufotsf
;/;kmfOdf klg O6x/Lsf hgtf w]/} ;r]t 5g\. ;j}sf] zt{x? 5g\. p;n] gu/kflnsfsf ;jf/L ;fwg k|of]u u/]
rfxfgf O6x/LnfO{ ;kmf / :jR5 zx/sf] ?kdf x]g]{ / c?af6 jfkft dfl;s ?kdf tf]lsPsf] ef8f gu/kflnsfnfO{ ltg'{ kg{
;sf/fTds tyf pbfx/0fLo k|ltlqmof kfpg] vfnsf] 5. oxfF zt{ 5. Joj:yfkgdf ;3fP jfkt p;nfO{ gu/kflnsfn]
Ps} lbg !) xhf/ eGbf jl9 gu/jf;Lx? rf/} tkm{af6 dfl;s # nfv ?k}ofF ;Grfng cg'bfg kfpF5. dfl;s # nfv
;/;kmfOdf h'6/] gu/ ;kmf u/L r]tgf clej[l4 u/]sf] pbfx/0f eGbf jl9 hlt;'s} vr{ nfu]klg Tolx ;+:yfn] j]xf]g]{ ;+emf}tf
5. To:t} x/]s ljbf, rf8 kj{x?df ;d]t oxfFsf gful/s ePsf] 5.
:jt :k"mt{ ?kdf zx/ ;kmfOdf lg:sg] ub{5g\. ;j}sf] efjgf
l/\ /f]8sf] s'/f rfFxL s;/L cuf8L a9\b}5 <
cfk\mgf] 3/ cfFugdfq x}g cfFk'm a:g] zx/ klg ;kmf / ;Eo
O6x/Lsf] yk ljsf; / l5d]sL gu/ tyf uflj;x?;Fusf]
x'gk' 5{ eGg] 5. O6x/Lsf ;j} ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;lqmo k|ltlglwx?sf] ;Djgw lj:tf/ ub}{ gu/jf;LnfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ;'ljwf
;femf ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lsk O6x/L SnLgn] sfd ul/ /x]sf] 5. lbg O6x/Ldf b'O vfnsf l/\/f]8sf] cjwf/0ff cfPsf]5.
To:t} pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;d]t ljz]if ;lqmotfn] O6x/Lsf] Pp6f jflx/L l/\/f]8 / csf]{ lelq l/\ /f]8 5g\. jflx/L
kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf] lb3{sflng ;dfwfgsf] sfd cl3 a9]sf] l/\/f]8 gu/ / l5d]sL uflj;x?nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\b} nfg] ul/
xf]. kmf]xf]/nfO{ To;} v]/ kmfNg' x'Fb}g o;nfO{ klg cfDbfgLsf] cWoog ePsf] 5 eg] leqL l/\/f]8af6 gu/leqsf jfl;Gbfn]
;|f]tsf] ?kdf s;/L ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ xfdLn] k|:tfj d"Vo jhf/ cfjt hfjt ug{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{ dfq x}g
cfAxfg ubf{ OGefO/f] s]o/ sG;g{ k|fln gfds sf7df8f}+sf] O6x/Lsf] jhf/ lj:tf/df ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{ 5. lelq l/\/f]8
Pp6f ;+:yfn] kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgdf ;fem]bf/L ug]{ k|:tfj k]z cGt{ut eg] sfd ;d]t z'? eO ;s]sf] 5. ljZj a}\ssf]
uof]{. p;sf] k|:tfj pko'Qm nfu]/ xfdLn] ;xsfo{df sfd zx/L ljsf; sfo{qmd cGt{ut @$ s/f]8 nufgLdf lgdf{0f
lhDdf lbPsf 5f}+. ;f] ;+:yfn] ut sflt{s clGtd ;ftfb]vL g} x'g] lelq l//f]8 !% lsnf]ld6/ x'g]5. b'O cf]6f k"n ;lxt
sfd z'? u/]sf] 5.
lgdf{0f x'g] of] l/\/f]8sf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg -l8lkcf/_
;fem]bf/L cGt{ut s;/L sfd x'G5 <
tof/ ug]{ sfd clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5. o;} jif{b]vL &
lghL If]q;Fusf] ;fem]bf/L cg';f/ xfdLn] ;fljs ?kdf lsdL ;8s / @ cf]6f k"nsf] lgdf{0f z'? x'g]5. of] sfd k'/f
kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf ;j} hgzlQm / x'bF f l/\/f]8 lgdf{0fsf] b[li6af6 klg O6x/L k"js
{ f gofF gu/kflnsf
;|f]t ;fwg % jif{sf] nflu pQm ;+:yfnfO{ s/f/df lhDdf dWo]sf] cg's/0fLo g} x'g]5.
35
ljljw
OGefO/f] s]o/nfO{
O6x/L gu/kflnsfsf]
;/;kmfOsf] lhDdf sf7df8f}s
+ f]
OGefO/f] s]o/ sG;g{ gfds
;+:yfn] lnPsf] 5. O6x/L
gu/kflnsf / ;+ : yfaLr
;+emf}tf eO % jif{;Dd gu/
;kmfOsf] sfd ;f] ;+:yfn]
lhDdf lnPsf] xf]. sflt{s
dfgWjh df]Qmfg
clGtd ;ftfb] v L ;+ : yfn]
O6x/L gu/kflnsfsf] ;/;kmfOsf ;fwg / sd{rf/L ;d]t
cfFkm}n] kl/rfng ub}{ sfd z'? u/]sf] xf].
;+:yfsf k|jGw ;Grfns dfgWjh df]Qmfgn] O6x/Lsf
jfl;Gbfx? cGo gu/sf jfl;Gbf eGbf ;/;kmfOdf lgs} ;r]t
/x]sf] kfOPkl5 cfFk'mx?n] of] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] atfP.
afnlzIff
of]hgf
g]kfn nfOkm OG:of]/]G; sDkgLn] cfk\mgf gfgLx?sf] ladf
ug{ rfxfg] u|fxsx?sf] nflu afnlzIff of]hgf nfu' u/]sf]
5. ladf ;ldltsf cWoIf k|fWofks 8f=kmQaxfb'/ s];Ln]
sDkgLsf] pQm of]hgf ;fj{hlgs ub}{ aLldtsf] cfjZostf
cg';f/sf] of]hgf g]kfn nfOkmn] NofPsf] atfP. pgn]
aLdf sDkgLxn] n3'aLdf of]hgf cGtu{t klg u|fdL0f
If]qnfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/ of]hgf Nofpg cfjZos /x]sf] hfgsf/L
lbP.
g]kfndf clxn];Dd o:tf] of]hgf s;}n] klg ;~rfngdf
gNofPsf] sDkgLsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ljj]s emfsf]
bfjL 5. kl/jf/ tyf b]zsf] pGgltsf nflu lzIff ckl/xfo{
ePsfn] ef]lnsf s0f{wf/xsf] lzIffnfO{ ;'lgZlrt ug{ o;
of]hgfn] clek|]l/t ug{] emfn] atfP. o; of]hgfdf hGd]b]lv
!* jif{;Ddsfn] afnaflnsfsf] ladf ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf
36
k'; @)&)
n]v
k'; @)&)
37
38
k'; @)&)
Joj;foL jftf{
k'; @)&)
39
:jf:Yo
k/Dk/fut cf]vtLn]
rn]sf] hLjg
lrghfgsf dflg; e]6 x'gf;fy pgL ;Gr ;'lj:tfsf] s'/f ;f]W5g\. 3/ kl/jf/df
klg sf]xL lj/fdL 5g\ eg] pgL Pp6f ;fgf] af]6n lgsfn]/ lbO xfN5g\ / nufpg] ljlw
;d]t atfO lbG5g\. pgn] lbg] ;+lhjgL dfln; t]n w]/s
} f nflu ;+hLjgL a'l6 em}
x'g] u/]sf] 5.
olx ;GhLjgL dfln; t]n cfFkm}n] k/Dk/fut ?kdf agfP/ #) jif{bv
] L
a]Rb} cfPsf AolQm x'g O6x/L % sf &@ jifL{o b]jLnfn kf;jfg.
ld/jgfsf] ;8s lsgfsf] P]nfgL hUdf a:b} cfPsf b]jLnfn] l/hfn
Soflg\ sDkgLdf sfd ug]{ Ps hgf a}B afafaf6 hl8a'l6sf] cf}ifwL
agfpg] ;'q l;s]sf lyP. To;}jn] fb]vL ;+hLjgL dfln; t]n, Uof:6Ls
x/g / of}g j4{s Rofjg k|f; agfP/ ljlqm ub}{ cfPsf pgn] olx
k]zfaf6 ;ft efO 5f]/f ;lxt ( hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfnb} cfPsf lyP.
!) !@ jif{bv
] L cGo 5f]/f 5'l6P/ cfFkm} ul/vfg yfn]kl5 xfn
sfG5f] 5f]/f a'xf/L;Fu} olx k]zf c+ufnL /x]sf b]jLnfn cfFkm' n] Uof:6"Ls,
An8 k|;
] /, lrgL /f]u, of}g sdhf]/L, hLp 9f8 tyf sDd/ b'vs
] f]
;d:ofsf] cr's pkrf/ ub}{ cfPsf] bfjL u5{g. ;fy} pgL ;k{n]
6f]ss
] f lj/fdLnfO{ klg hl8a'l6af6} l7s ug{ ;Sg] atfpF5g\. pgn]
ljlqm ub}{ cfPsf] ;+hLjgL dfln; t]n / Rofjg k|f; *$ hl8a'l6af6
lgdf{0f ug]{ u/]sf] pgn] atfP. d cfFkm} lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fOsf e'efudf
kfOg] hl8 a'l6 ;\sng u5'{ / cfFkm} tL hl8a'l6 ld>0f u/]/ cfjZos
;d:ofsf] nflu cf}ifwL tof/ ub{5' pgL eG5g\ of] sfd olt ;+jb] glzn xf]sL
d}n] c?sf] e/ kg}{ x'bF g} . dfl;s %) xhf/ ?k}ofF xf/fxf/Lsf cf}ifwL agfP/
a]Rg] b]jLnfn cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf] u'hf/sf] d"n dfWod g} olx k]zf
ePsf] atfpF5g\. cfFkm' j[4 eO ;s]sfn] sfG5f] 5f]/f / a'xf/LnfO{
o;sf] ;'q l;sfpFb} 5' ef]nL d s]xL eO xfn] eg] d]/f] ;'q
d};Fudfq
O6x/L %
l;dLt eP/
ghfj; eg]/ oLgLx?nfO{ l;sfPsf] x'F 5f]/f a'xf/LnfO{ b]vfpFb} pgn] eg].
t/ 5f]/fn] agfPsf] ;fdfgdfq} a]Rg rf;f] /fvL /x]sf] 5 agfpg] s'/fdf eg]
a'xf/Lsf] rf;f] ePsfn] pg}nfO{ l;sfO /x]sf] 5' pgL eG5g\. cf}ifwLdf pN6f]
kfN6f] x'gx'bg} olb pN6f] kfNf] ePdf ;lx sfd ub}g{ To;}n] ;+jb] glzn x'g' k5{
eg]/ a'xf/LnfO{ ;+emfPsf] 5' pgn] klg ;+jb] glzn eP/} l;ls /x]sL 5g\.
pgsf] 3/df b}lgs ?kdf 6f9f 6f9faf6 lj/fdLx? cf}ifwLsf] nflu cfpg]
u5{g. cfpg g;Sg] lj/fdLsf]df jf]nfPdf d cfFkm} klg uP/ pkrf/ u/]/ cfpF5'
pgL eG5g\ O6x/Lsf w]/} dflg; d}n] lbPsf] cf]vtLn] ck|z
] g ug'k{ g]{ cj:yfaf6
hf]uLPsf 5g\.
O6x/L $ sf dfwj u'/fufOF b]jLnfnsf] hl8a'l6 k2tL w]/} e/ kbf]{ /x]sf]
atfpF5g\ d}n] klg w]/} k6s p;sf] cf}ifwL k|of]u u/]/ ;Grf] ePsf] 5'. pgL
eG5g\.
b]jLnfn kf;jfg
40
k'; @)&)
/fhgLlt
hgfb{g 9sfn
lty{dfg nfdf
OGb| aflgofF
ljqmd kf08]
/;'jf
sfe|]!
dsjfgk'/!
lrtjg%
cy{la6
k'; @)&)
df k|sflzt
;fdfu|Lsf
ljifodf s'g}
k|ltlqmof eP
arthabeat@gmail.com
;+kfbs
41
cjsfz ofqf
cjsfz hLjg
Jofkf/df nufpF5'
$! jif{;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Gofo ;]jf cGt{ut sfd
u/]/ Psjif{cl3 cjsfz kfPsf uf]kfnk|;fb g]kfn cfk\mgf]=
casf] ofqf Aofkf/df nufpg] tof/Ldf 5g\. @)!) ;fn
c;f]h @@ ut] pbok'/ul8sf] bfl/Djf]6d] f hlGdPsf uf]kfnnfO{
cfdf a'jf O6x/L a;fOF cfpFbf @)!@ ;fndf sf]qmfdf lnP/
cfPsf x'g. O6x/Lsf k'/fgf Jofkf/L sfG5f afh] -vu]Gb| g]kfn_ pgsf sfsf x'g. pgsf a'jfnfO{ l6sf/fd g]kfnnfO{ eg]
;j}n] h]7f afh] eg]/ lrGy]. To;j]nf sfG5f jfh] / h]7f afh] b'j} hgfsf] Jofkf/ lyof]. pgL klg a'jfnfO{ Aofkf/df ;3fpFy] .
@)@% ;fndf hgtf dflj O6x/Lsf] klxnf] Aofrsf] ?kdf P;Pn;Ldf ;xeflu eO plt0f{ ePsf g]kfn @)@& ;fndf cfOsd
cWoog ;Sgf;fy hflu/df k|jz] u/]sf lyP. To;j]nf Aofkf/ eGbf hflu/df cfsif{0f ePsfn] cfFkm' nfO{ hflu/ vfg] /x/
ePsf] / kl/jf/n] klg hflu/df k|/] 0ff lbPsf] pgL atfpF5g\. clxn] hflu/ eGbf Aofkf/df cfsif{0f 5 To;}n] d]/f 5f]/fx?
Aofkf/d} ;lqmo x'g yfn]sf 5g\ pgL eG5g\. Gofo ;]jf cGt{ut ljleGg lhNnf / k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf nfdf] ;do ;]jf k'ofO
xfn cjsfz k|fKt hLjg ljtfO /x]sf g]kfn;Fu cy{la6 k|ltlglwn] u/]sf] s'/fsfgL.
cjsf; hLjg s;/L ljtfO /xg' ePsf] 5 <
O6x/Ldf olt w]/} hUuf hldg / 3/ 5 cfDbfgL eO xfN5
clxn] 3'd8'n, tLyf{6g, 3/ Aojxf/ / ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
sfd u/]/ ;do s6fpFb} 5'. blIf0fsfnL art tyf C0f
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks cWoIf x'F. ;xsf/LnfO{ s;/L
pTs[i6 agfpg] eGg] ljifodf ;xsf/Lsf] l6d;Fu j;]/ ;/
;Nnfx / k/fdz{ lnO of]hgf agfpFb} 5'.
k'; @)&)
k|sfz
pk|]tL
prakash@pracasinfosys.com
kf]6j{] n ofK;
;"rgf
klj| lw
xfO8
ug{ ;lsG5 .
:sfOk M cl8of],lel8of]
tyf u|'k sln+udf k|of]u x'g]
:sfOk klg k|f6] j] n PlKns];gdf
pknAw 5 .
o'6f]/G] 6 (UTorrent) d'le,;km\6j]o/ jf gofF s'g} kmfon
k|f]6]jn l;:6daf6 rnfpFbf kf6{,kf6{ u/]/ o;nfO{ laleGg
7fFpaf6 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;lsG5, h:t} cflb 8fpgnf]8 u/]/
ePsf] eg] c? clkm;df jf ;fOj/df uP/ klg ug{ ;lsG5
.
u'un s|f]d(Google Chrome ) M cu|k+ltsf] OG6/g]6
a|f ph/ h;nfO{ k|f]6]jn ofK;sf] dfWodaf6 rnfpg
;lsG5,cfkm\g} nlugaf6 rnfpFbf a'sdfs{ ;fy} gofF ;]l6+u
klg ;f]lx PlKns];gdf kfpg ;lsG5 .
ljG8f]h nfOe k|f]6]jn M (Windows Live Writer
Portable ) Anu:kf]6 ul/ /xg]x?sf] nflu pkof]lu ljG8f]h
nfOe /fO6/nfO{ klg k|f6] j] n ofK;sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5
kmfon lhNnf M (File zilla): kmfon 6|fG;km/ k|f6] f]sf]nsf]
cf]kg ;f];{ e;{g kmfon lhNnfaf6 7'nf tyf ;fgf kmfonx?
klg cknf]8 jf 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 .
kmf]lS;6 l/8/ (Foxit Reader) lkl8Pkm kmfonnfO{
k9\gsf] nflu of] PlKns];gsf] cfjZostf kb{5, P8f]j l/8/
sf] ;6\6fdf o;sf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 .
kmf:6 :6f]g kmf]6f] l/;fOh/ M ( Fast Stone Photo
Resizer): Ps} ;fy xhf/f}+ kmf]6f] x?nfO{ l/g]d,l/;fOh ug{
clg y'k|} Okm]S6x? lbgsf] nflu kmf:6 :6f]g kmf]6f] l/;fOhsf]
k|of]u ul/G5 .
gf]6Kof8 M (Notepad++): j]a k|f]ufldsf sf]l8
kmfon x?nfO Ol86 ug{ of] notepad++ files x?nfO
k|of]u ul/G5, o;n] c? kmfOnx?nfO{ klg Ol86 ub{5 .
cGo hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ln:6 x]g{ ;lsG5 .
70 Free portable apps : http://goo.gl/i6OlF9
100 portable apps list : http://goo.gl/mv9zsg
k'; @)&)
43
;xsf/L
dflnsfsf] ;]o/k"h
F L @# nfv gfof]
44
k'; @)&)
6\s g]kfn
xf]dz+s/ bfxfn
cWoIf
pkfWoIf
n]vf;ldlt ;+of]hs
/fdafa' g]kfn
>Lk|;fb g]kfn
6\sd0fL g]kfn
;b:ox?
3gZofd e/fO{
rGb|k|;fb uf}td
nlnt /f]Ssf
lzj' bfxfn
hLjgfy g]kfn
n]vf;ldlt ;b:o
;'jf; kf]v|]n
n]vf;ldlt ;b:o
k'; @)&)
45
s[lif a}s
\ n] ;'gsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{
k'; @)&)
Hof]ltif
k'; @)&)
47
t:jL/ M cy{la6
k'; @)&)