Task of the missionaries

Augustinians, Franciscans, Dominicans,

Recollects and Jesuits

Encomenderos

To collect scattered Filipinos to reduccion

(under the sound of the bell) (under the

peal of the bell).
Establish pueblos and reside.
Christian indoctrination
“Little brown Spaniards”

Unbelievers went to the hill and was

branded as remontados, cimarrones,

ladrones, monteses, malhechores, tulisanes.
Used colorful celebrations such as

sinakulo, santa cruzan, moro-moro,

processions
“Hypnotized the indios”
Colonial churches
Convents made of stone like fortresses

New cultural elements from the Americas

and the Pacific
New Aztec ethnobotanic specimens like
corn, cassava, camote, tobacco, fruits,
vegetables and herbs
Spanish customs and values, Christianity
and language.
Taxation without representation – income-
generating were introduced like personal
tribute and income tax , customs duties and
bandala, taxes monopolies, etc.
May be paid in cash or kind
Partly or wholly
Palay, tobacco, chickens, textiles, wax, regional
produce.
1570’s 8 reales or 1 real =12.1/2 centavos or
gold, blankets, cotton, rice, bells and raised to
15 reales until the end of Spanish rule.
Tribute of ten reales
Diezmos prediales ( tithes) of 1 reales
Town community chest of 1 reales
Sanctorum tax for church support, 3 reales
Total of 15 realesother special taxes (p. 82)
Descendants of Filipino chiefs who serves in
the pacification campaign. Ex. Lakandula
Laborers of the arsenal and artillery yard in
Cavite
Mediquillos (Filipinos who had medical
experience but no title)
Vaccinators
College students from UST, Letran, San Carlos
and San Jose
Tagalog word mandala
Requisition of goods like rice and coconut oil.
(p. 82)
Replaced by cedula personal or personality
identity paper.
Filipino or other nationalities 18 years old and
above.
From the corruption of the Tagalog word
pulong meaning “meeting of persons and other
things” or “community labor”.
Laborers are called polistas
Filipino or Chinese male metizos from 16-60
years old
Render personal service to community projects
For 40 days until 1884 reduced to 15 days
Falla to be exempted (palya)
Paid 1 ½ reales a day during the 40 days period
Patterned after the Mexican repartimiento.
Upsetting of the village economy.
Separation from family (from different location
even outside the country)
Decimation of male population (p. 83)
Encomendar meaning “to entrust”
Encomendero is duty-bound to defend the
encomienda.
To keep peace and order
Assist in missionary work
Encomendero were granted rights to tribute.
Royal or crown
Private
Reserved for crown and included the principal
ports
Granted to individuals who were either the
king’s protégée's or men who served with
merit during the conquest and pacification
campaigns. (p. 84) (85)
PPT 2
Gov. Blanco – composed of leading men in
business, industry and the profession, who he
himself prodded to exploit the island’s natural
bounties.
Make the colony self-supporting in economy
and self-sufficient from the annual Mexican
subsidy.
Plan General Economico – income generating
monopolies such as tobacco, areca nuts, etc.
March 10, 1785 by Charles III
Uniting American and Asian culture
Monopoly of trade in the Philippines,
including Chinese and Indian goods to Spain
via Cape of Good Hope
Opposed by Dutch and English, also
competition to Manila-Acapulco trade
Hardship for the Filipinos (p. 88-89)
Preference to cotton production, black pepper,
silk, indigo, sugar