1

ERRATA
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
James A. Fay
(Changes are indicated by bold face type.)

Footnote 4, p. 97, line 3, should read: ...(see F. M. White, 1986, Fluid Mechanics... Page 110, lines following equation 3.24 should read: Note again that summing equations 3.23 or 3.24 over all species will give equation 3.9 or 3.13, respectively, ... Page 220, line preceding equation 5.43 should read: ....transport theorem 5.5 with the scalar b replaced by the vector R V : Example 9.1, Section 9.2, p. 405, should read: An 8 in diameter commercial steel pipe carries water from a storage tank outlet (elevation 100 m) to a town water distribution system (elevation 22 m)at a distance L = 2 km from the storage tank. If the ow rate is 1, 000 gallons per minute, calculate (a) the head loss coecient, (b) the head loss and (c) the static pressure change pin pout between the pipe inlet and outlet. Example 9.2, Section 9.2, p. 407, should read:
If pin pout = 0, p in pout = pin pout + g (zin zout ) = g (zin zout ) and the head loss hf = hin hout = (p m 22 m = in pout )/g = zin zout = 100 78 m. It is very likely that the ow is turbulent, so we calculate f ReD from 9.9:

f ReD =

2(9.807 m/s2 )(78 m)(0.2032 m)3 [1E (6) m2 /s]2 (2E (3) m)

1/ 2

= 8.011E (4)

and then solve for Red from 9.10: ReD = 2[8.011E (4)] log 6.65E (5) + 2.51 8.011E (4) = 6.424E (5)

conrming that the ow is turbulent. Now calculate Q: Q = = DReD (0.2032 m)(1E (6) m2 /s)[6.424E (5)] = = 1.025E(1) m3/s 4 4 gal 60 s 1.025E(1) m3 /s = 1626 gal/min 3.782E (3) m3 min

Section 12.2, p. 559, should read:

2 The intensity of a sound wave is measured by the square root of the timeaveraged value of the square of the pressure amplitude; i.e., (p p0 )2 . But it is the convention of sound specialists to use a logarithmic scale of sound intensity whose unit is the decibel (dB), and having a zero value when (p p0 )2 = 2E (5) P a. On this scale the sound pressure level (SPL), measured in dB , has the value: (p p0 )2 dB SPL 20 log 2E (5) P a The reference pressure level of 2E (5) P a for zero dB on the sound pressure level scale was chosen because it is the approximate amplitude at which a sound wave is barely audible to the normal human ear. For each factor of ten increase in pressure amplitude above this level, the sound pressure level increases by 20 dB . Continuous exposure to sound pressure levels above 90 dB (i.e., (p p0 )2 0.63 P a) can cause hearing loss in humans.

Example 12.2 A sound wave in air at atmospheric pressure and 20 C temperature has a sound pressure level of 20 dB . Calculate (a) the pressure amplitude (b) the velocity amplitude Solution (a) Inverting equation 12.18, (p p0)2 = [2E (5) P a] [1E (20/20)] = 2E (4) P a (b) From equation 12.17, u2 = (p p 0 )2 0 a u2 and the power per unit area Psw . (p p0 )2,

From table 1.1, 0 = 1.204 kg/m3 . By equations 12.13-12.14 and table 1.2, = 3.5/2.5 = 1.4 and a = [(1.4)(1.013E (5) P a)/(1.204 kg/m3 )]1/2 = 3.432E (2) m/s. Thus: u2 = 2E (4) P a = 4.84E (7) m/s (1.204 kg/m3 )(3.432E (2) m/s)

(c) From equation 12.17, Psw = (2E (4) P a)2 = 9.68E(11) W/m2 (1.204 kg/m3 )(3.432E(2) m/s)

Equation 12.21, section 12.3, p. 561, should read: V = {p, s 2 h { ps , s s } h s }

3 Figure 12.4, section 12.3, p. 569. The legend for the curve labelled V /2as should read: V /as 2/( 1)

Caption of gure 12.8, section 12.4, p. 574, should read: The properties of a shock wave plotted as a function of the shock wave Mach number M1 , for = 1.4. Caption of gure 12.13, section 12.6, p. 583, should read: The angle of deection of the ow caused by an oblique shock wave forming an angle with the oncoming supersonic ow for several Mach numbers M of the oncoming ow in a perfect gas; = 1.4. Part (d) of problem 12.4, p. 596, should read: (d) the mass ow rate m of air if the throat area Ac = 10 cm2 . Last line of equation 11.89, p. 539, should read: Vz = U U a3 2 2z 2 r 2 (r2 + z 2 )5/2

Page 569, lines following equation 12.34: where we have used equations 12.25, 12.26, 12.28 and 12.29 to express the ratio A/Ac as a function of M or p/ps . Page 590, section 12.7, second paragraph, line 4, should read: the pipe to the left of a movable piston located at x = 0 (see gure 12.18[a]). Example 12.10, Solution, p. 495, line 8 should read: In this case, the outow speed is in the x direction, i.e., is negative so that aout = uout : Problem 12.7, p. 597, last line should read: rise (p2 p1 )/p1 .

May 6, 2004