Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.

Created and developed in 1893 and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, then to Pepsi in 1961. PepsiCo Inc. is an American multinational food and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle. With a radio advertising campaign featuring the jingle "Pepsi-Cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you", arranged in such a way that the jingle never ends. Pepsi encouraged price-watching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of 6.5 ounces per bottle for the price of five cents, instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's profits doubled. Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth v. Loft, then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth.

Manufacturing Process
Ingredient Delivery: Flavour concentrates are shipped from special Pepsi-Cola manufacturing plants in heavy-duty, air-tight containers. Liquid sweeteners are transported in special tanker trucks. All ingredients and food products are stored in clean, sanitary areas, and items requiring refrigeration are kept in temperature-controlled areas. The bottles and cans that will eventually be filled with Pepsi are manufactured elsewhere, and shipped to Pepsi plants wrapped and sealed for protection. Labels, cartons, caps, the carbon dioxide used to carbonate soft drinks and other supplies are also produced for Pepsi by other companies. On arrival, everything is subject to careful inspection to make certain all of the ingredients and materials meet high Pepsi standards.

Washing and Rinsing: After the ingredients have been delivered, all of them are washed thoroughly and cleaned.

Mixing and Blending: Pepsi-Cola flavour concentrate is carefully combined with sweeteners and other ingredients in large stainless steel mixing tanks.

Coding: Once on the belt, cans are part of an enclosed, controlled environment that keeps them sanitary and helps ensure quality throughout the filling process. They travel rapidly through a printer that applies a production code to each can. Then they're automatically turned upside down, and rinsed thoroughly with filtered water before proceeding directly to the filler.

Filling: In the last step of the manufacturing process, as the now-rinsed cans reach the filler, they're reinverted, immediately filled and the lid is applied at an average speed of 1,200 cans per minute. The filler is where the syrups from the mixing tanks are combined with the purified water from the filtration process. The liquid is then carbonated. This carbonation process gives soft

drinks the special sparkle fizzy bubbles that adds to their quality of refreshment.

Labelling: All Pepsi cans and bottles are imprinted with a freshness date, which is a date code that tells you your soft drink is fresh. A final quality check ensures that the package is properly filled, sealed and labelled.

Inspection: Quality control audits performed by specially trained technicians are a critical part of the manufacturing sequence for each batch, and are typical of the attention to detail that's necessary if the highest possible quality standards are to be maintained. Cleanliness is also vital, so all internal and external surfaces of the production system, including syrup lines, proportioning, cooling and carbonating equipment, are meticulously sanitized.

Packaging: As products leave the manufacturing line, they're combined into a variety of packages six- or 12-packs, 24- or 30-can cases or cases of individual two-litre bottles.

Warehousing and Delivery: The finished packages are stacked on shipping pallets and moved to temporary holding areas or to a central warehouse for shipping. The storage is purely temporary, since freshness is an important part of delivering the best possible product to our consumers. Some of our products will be quickly transported by large trucks to outlying districts and towns. Most, however, are loaded into Pepsi-Cola delivery trucks you see calling on food stores in your own neighbourhood. Other trucks deliver PepsiCola syrup to restaurants and fountains. To make sure there's always enough Pepsi for everyone who wants one, our trucks are on the road every single day. Many individual stores actually receive deliveries several times per week

The Coca-Cola Company was originally established as the J. S. Pemberton Medicine Company, a co-partnership between Dr. John Stith Pemberton and Ed Holland. The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest beverage company, largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1.5 billion servings each day. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors.

Nature and Scope of Production and Operations Management;

The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) is committed to ensuring that our entire supply chain, including Bottlers, co-packers, direct & authorized suppliers, is in compliance with local laws & the values reflected in our Workplace Rights Policy (WRP) & Supplier Guiding Principles (SGP). Compliance with local work hours and overtime laws is a fundamental component of WRP and SGP. In addition to legal violations, excessive overtime in the workplace can lead to serious operational consequences as well as disrupt employee work life balance. Reducing overtime may significantly increase employee morale, decrease quality incidents and reduce overtime labour costs thereby improving business results and fostering a Great Place to Work.

Manufacturing Process
Ingredient Delivery: The classic soft drink served the way it was intended, in a glass bottle. Every ingredient is washed, weighed, measured, sliced, diced and ready to cook, right out of the box.

Washing and Rinsing: All the equipment including the machines, conveyor belts and other containers through which the drink or bottles may have to pass through are washed and rinsed thoroughly.

Mixing and Blending: The mixing and blending process of the beverage takes place when refined sugar is added to pure water. A formula unique to Coca Cola is then mixed with the blend; carbon dioxide is then added to the drink in order to give it the fizz that is lacking .The inside of the bottle has to be pressurized before it is filled with the liquid beverage. Each bottle is then filled and capped which again ensures that the drink does not lose its taste. Each bottle is now ready to be labeled. Large rollers, which are part of a special machine, label every bottle. Proper codes are then given to each bottle and the bottles go on to be inspected minutely for any glitches that might have taken place. The bottles are then packaged in cardboard boxes and distributed to several places of the country

Filling: The finished product is transferred into bottles or cans at extremely high flow rates. The containers are immediately sealed with pressure-resistant closures, either tinplate or steel crowns with corrugated edges, twist off, or pull tabs. Because soft drinks are generally cooled during the manufacturing process, they must be brought to room temperature before labelling to prevent condensation from ruining the labels. This is usually achieved by spraying the containers with warm water and drying them. Labels are then affixed to bottles to provide information about the brand, ingredients, shelf life, and safe use of the product. Most labels are made of paper though some are made of a plastic film. Cans are generally pre-printed with product information before the filling stage. Finally, containers are packed into cartons or trays which are then shipped in larger pallets or crates to distributors.

Labelling: Coca-Cola Canada changed "Coca-Cola Classic" labelling, removing the "Classic" designation, leaving only "Coca-Cola." Coca-Cola stated this is merely a name change and the product remains the same. The cans still bear the "Classic" logo in the United States. In 2007, Coca-Cola introduced an aluminium can designed to look like the original glass Coca-Cola bottles. In 2008, in some parts of the world, the plastic bottles for all Coke varieties (including the larger 1.5- and 2-liter bottles) were changed to include a new plastic screw cap and a slightly taller contoured bottle shape, designed to evoke the old glass bottles.

Coding: The bottle is now ready to be coded. Each one of Cokes beverages is marked with a special code that identifies specific information about it. These codes identify the date, time, batch no. and the MRP.

Inspection: Coca cola manufacturers adhere to strict water quality standards for allowable dissolved solids, alkalinity, chlorides, sulphates, iron, and aluminium. Not only is it in the interest of public health, but clean water also facilitates the production process and maintains consistency in flavour, colour, and body. Microbiological and other testing occur regularly. The National Soft Drink Association and other agencies set standards for regulating the quality of sugar and other ingredients. If soft drinks are produced with lowquality sugar, particles in the beverage will spoil it, creating floc. To prevent such spoilage, sugar must be carefully handled in dry, sanitized environments. It is crucial for soft drink manufacturers to inspect raw materials before they are mixed with other ingredients, because preservatives may not kill all bacteria. All tanks, pumps, and containers are thoroughly sterilized and continuously monitored. Cans, made of aluminium alloy or tin-coated lowcarbon steel, are lacquered internally to seal the metal and prevent corrosion from contact with the beverage.

Packaging: Once our filled beverages have passed final inspection, they are ready to be packaged for delivery. Generally, packing can refer to everything from the unique BOTTLE and CAN designs, to label designs, to cardboard boxes and containers, to plastic rings. Because the needs and tastes of our consumers are so diverse, the packaging varies depending on where the beverages are being sent.

Warehousing and delivery: In order to make sure the freshest beverages possible get to you, each warehouse must efficiently manage the thousands of beverages cases produced each day. Beverage organization is key, though its the bottle and can coding that allow for the necessary precision. From the warehouse, we load beverages onto our distinctive trucks. Night and day, our trucks are delivering our refreshing beverages to stores, soda fountains, and vending machines near you.

Differences:
1. Position of coding on the process layout Pepsi as opposed to Coca-Cola does coding before filling. Each one of Pepsis beverages is marked with a special code that identifies specific information about it. These codes identify the date, time, batch no. and the MRP. Coding before filling helps in identifying any defects or problems that may have occurred during filling. It makes it much easier to identify the particular bottle which may be defective. Performing diagnostics and eliminating defective bottles is made considerably easy due to this. 2. Carbonation process Coca-Cola perform the carbonation process during the Mixing and Blending stage, while Pepsi perform it during the Filling stage. Performing the carbonation process during the Filling stage enables Pepsi to maintain a little more Fizz than Coca-Cola competitors. This gives the drink a fresher and more desirable feel.