ALKOHOL

Penyediaan Sifat-sifat Penggunaan

H C H
CH3-OH

H oH H R
CH3CH2-OH methyl alcohol
OH CH H3C CH3

R OH H C OH R R H CH2=CHCH2-OH ethyl alcohol

OH cyclopentyl alcohol

R C OH R

Allyl alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol

OH CH3 H3C CH3

t-butyl alcohol

OH

OH

1-hextanol

2-hexanol
OH

CH3OH Methanol

CH3CH2OH Ethanol

OH cyclopentanol cyclohexanol

CH2CH3

Cl

CH3

CH3-CH2CH-CH2-CH-CH3
OH

CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CHCH2OH 5-Chloro-2-methyl-1-heptanol

4-Ethyl-2-hexanol

Penyediaan
i)

CH2=CH2 CH3CH=CH2

H2O

H2SO4

Conc.

CH3CH2OH CH3-CH-CH3 OH
OH

ii)

H2SO4 H2O

Conc.

KMnO4
iii)
OH

OH

1) RCO3H 2) H3O R-CH=CH2 1)B2H5 6 2)H2O2 / NaOH 1)B2H5 6 2)H2O2 / NaOH

OH

R-CH2-CH2OH

iv)

CH3-CH=CH2

CH3CH2CH2OH

Sifat-sifat
takat didih semua alkohol jauh lebih tinggi daripada takat didih alkana dengan jisim molekul relatif yang serupa Alkohol rantai pendek seperti metanol, etanol dan propanol larut dalam air. Alkohol yang lebih tinggi hampir-hampir tidak larut dalam air Adalah sebatian tepu yang mengandungi kumpulan berfungsi-OH

1-when no. of OH Soluble. in H2Oinc. 2-BP. with M wt. 3- BP. In straight chain higher than branched 4-in isomer BP. Dec. with in alkyl gp. 3 < 2<1 5- alcohol BP. Higher than it is alkenes ( hydrogen bond) 6-Alcohol weaker acids

 Solubility ; alcohols exhibit properties of both alkane and water The alkyl group acts like an alkane and is said to be hydrophobic (water-hating) The OH group can form hydrogen bonds to neighbouring water molecules and is hydrophilic (water-loving)

PENGGUNAAN ALKOHOL
Compounds with multiple OH are sweet Ethane-1,2 diol or glycol is a sweet liquid, colourless and toxic. It is used for manufacturing PET (plastic) and as a radiator coolant Glycerol is used as a base in many pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations like hand lotions, creams and toothpaste As a moisture-retaining agent it is sprayed to tobacco leaves to prevent crumbling Is a constituent in printing ink Solvent for paint, grease or other organic substance Used as fuels Phenol can used to prodecu Dettol and nylon