COMPUTER BAS1CS

Gaurav Kumar
MCMT, KUK
WLaaConpucr?
AncIccroncucvccLa orc, rcrcvc,
anu proccc uaa, anu can bc
progranncu vL nrucon. A
conpucr conpocu o Laruvarc anu
ovarc, anu can cx n a varcy o
zc anuconguraon.
Haruvarc& Sovarc
TLc crn Laruvarc rccr o Lc pLycaI
conponcn o your conpucr ucL a Lc
ycnun, nouc, kcyboaru, nonor cc.
TLc ovarc Lc nrucon La nakc
Lc conpucr vork. Sovarc LcIu cLcr
on your conpucr Laru uk, CD-ROM,
DVD or on a ukcc (Ioppy
uk) anu Ioaucu(.c. copcu)
ron Lc uk no Lc conpucr
RAM (Ranuon Accc Mcnory), a anu
vLcn rcqurcu.
Typc o Conpucr
Mn anuManrancConpucr
Vcry povcruI, ucu by Iargc
organaon ucL an banko conroI
Lc cnrc bunc opcraon. Vcry
cxpcnvc!
PcronaI Conpucr
CLcapanucayouc. Ocn ucu a
anu-aIonc conpucr or n a ncvork.
May bc conncccu o Iargc nanranc
conpucr vLnbgconpanc.
HaruvarcConponcn
1npuDcvcc -- "HovocIIvLaouo'
- A kcyboaru anu nouc arc Lc anuaruvay o
ncrac vL Lc conpucr. OLcr ucvcc ncIuuc
joyck anu ganc pau ucu prnarIy or ganc.
OupuDcvcc -- "HovLovyouvLauong"
- TLc nonor (Lc crccn) Lov Lc conpucr
cnu nornaon back o you. A prncr aIo an
oupu ucvcc.
HaruvarcConponcn
1NPUT DEV1CES
TLcMouc
Ucuo urvc' McrooWnuov
TLcKcyboaru
TLc kcyboaru II Lc connonc
vay o cncrngnornaonnoa
conpucr
Trackcr BaII
an aIcrnavco Lc rauonaI nouc
anu ocn ucu by grapLcucgncr
HaruvarcConponcn
1NPUT DEV1CES
Scanncr
A canncr aIIov you o can prncu nacraI
anu convcr no a Ic orna La nay bc
ucu vLnLc PC
ToucLPau
A ucvcc La Iay on Lc uckopanu rcponu o
prcurc
LgLPcn
Ucu o aIIov ucr o pon o arca on a
crccn
!oyck
Many ganc rcqurc a joyck or Lc propcr
pIayngo Lc ganc
HaruvarcConponcn
OUTPUT DEV1CES
VDU
TLc conpucr crccn ucu or oupung
nornaonnan unucranuabIcorna
Prncr
TLcrc arc nany ucrcnypc o prncr.
1n Iargc organzaon Iacr prncr arc
no connonIy ucu uuc o Lc ac La
Lcy can prn vcry a anu gvc a vcry
LgLquaIy oupu.
HaruvarcConponcn
OUTPUT DEV1CES
PIocr
A pIocr an oupu ucvccnIar o a
prncr, bu nornaIIy aIIov you o prn
Iargcr nagc.
Spcakcr
EnLancc Lc vaIuco cuucaonaI anu
prccnaonprouuc.
SpcccLynLccr
Gvc you Lc abIy o no onIy o upIay
cx on a nonor bu aIo o rcau Lc cx
o you
HaruvarcConponcn
SoragcDcvcc -- "Hovavcuaaanu
progran'
- Haru uk urvc arc an ncrnaI,
LgLcr capacy urvcvLcLaIoorc Lc
opcrangycnvLcLrun vLcn you povcr
on Lc conpucr.
- "FIoppy" uk urvc aIIovyou o avc
vork on naII uk anu akc Lc uaa vL
you.
HaruvarcConponcn
HaruDk
Spccu.
Vcry a!
TLc pccu o a Laru uk ocn quocua "avcragc
accc nc" pccu, ncaurcunnIIcconu. TLc
naIIcr L nunbcr Lc acr Lc uk.
Capacy.
Enornou! Ocn 4u/Su Ggabyc. A Ggabyc
cquvaIcno1u24 Mcgabyc.
Co.
Haru uk co arc aIIngrapuIy anu nornaIIy
rcprccn Lc cLcapc vay o ornguaa.
HaruvarcConponcn
Dkcc(FIoppyDk)
Spccu.
Vcry Iov!
Capacy.
NornaIIy 1.44 Mbyc.
Co.
Vcry cLcap.
HaruvarcConponcn
CD-ROM Dk
Spccu.
MucLIovcr Lan Laru uk. TLc orgnaI
CD-ROM pccaon gvcna vaIuco 1x
pccu, anu Iacr, acr CD-ROMarc
quocua a nuIpIco L vaIuc.
Capacy.
Arounu 65u Mbyc anu norc
HaruvarcConponcn
DVD Drvc
Spccu.
MucLacr Lan CD-ROM urvc bu
no a a a Laru uk.
Capacy.
Upo 17 Gbyc.
Co.
SIgLIy LgLcr Lan CD-ROM urvc.
ManPar o Conpucr
Mcnory-- "HovLcproccororcanuuc
nncuacuaa'
RAM - RanuonAcccMcnory
TLc nan'vorkng' ncnory ucu by Lc conpucr.
WLcn Lc opcrangycnIoau ronuk vLcn you
rvcLon Lc conpucr, copcunoRAM.
A a rougL ruIc, a McrooWnuov bacuconpucr vII
opcracacr you naII norc RAM. Daa anu
progran orcu nRAM arc voIaIc(.c. Lc nornaon
IovLcn you vcLo Lc conpucr).
HaruvarcConponcn
Mcnory
ROM RcauOnIyMcnory
Rcau OnIy Mcnory (ROM) a Lc nanc uggc a pccaI
ypc o ncnory cLpLa LoIu ovarcLa can bcrcau
bu no vrcno.
A goou cxanpIc Lc ROM-B1OScLp, vLcLconan rcau-
onIy ovarc.
Ocn ncvork caru anu vucocaru aIoconanROM
cLp.
HaruvarcConponcn
HovConpucrMcnory1 Mcaurcu
B
AII conpucr vork on a bnary nunbcrngycn, .c. Lcy
procc uaa nonc' or zcro'. TL 1 or u IcvcI o oragc
caIIcua b.
Byc
A byc con o cgLb.
KIobyc
A kIobyc(KB) con o 1u24 byc.
Mcgabyc
A ncgabyc(MB) con o 1u24 kIobyc.
Ggabyc
A ggabyc(GB) con o 1u24 ncgabyc.
HaruvarcConponcn
Mcroproccor-- "TLcbranoLcconpucr'
- PC prnarIy uc ncroproccor (oncnc caIIcuLc cLp).
TLc oIucr 1ncI vcron ncIuucLc 3S6, 4S6 anu novLcPcnun
Inc.
TLc CPU (CcnraI Proccng Un) nornaIIy an 1ncI
Pcnun (or cquvaIcn) anu onc o Lc no nporan
conponcn vLnyour conpucr.
1 uccrnnc Lov a your conpucr vII run anu
ncaurcuby MHzpccu.
TLu a 6uu MHzPcnun nucL acr Lan ay a 4uu
MHz PcnunCPU.
1 Lc CPULa pcrorn aII Lc caIcuIaon vLn Lc
conpucr.
HaruvarcConponcn
Sonco LcFacor
TLa1npaconaConpucr'Pcrornancc
CPUpccu
RAM zc
Haruuk pccu anu capacy
SovarcConponcn
Opcrangycnovarc
TLc opcrang ycn a pccaI ypc o progran La Ioau
auonacaIIy vLcn you ar your conpucr.
TLc opcrang ycnaIIov you o uc Lc auvanccucaurc o
a noucrn conpucr vLou Lavng o Icarn aII Lc ucaI o Lov
Lc Laruvarcvork
TLc Ink bcvccnLc Laruvarcanu you, Lc ucr
Makc Lc conpucr cay o uc vLouLavngo unucranub
anu byc!
SovarcConponcn
AppIcaonovarc
An appIcaon progran Lc ypc o progran La
youuc oncc Lc opcrangycnLa bccn Ioaucu.
ExanpIc ncIuuc voru-proccng progran,
prcauLcc anu uaabac
SovarcConponcn
AppIcaonSovarc
Woruproccng appIcaon
Mcroo Woru
Lou WoruPro
WoruPcrcc
SprcauLcc
Mcroo ExccI
Lou 123
Daabac
Mcroo Accc
Lou ApproacL
SovarcConponcn
AppIcaonSovarc
PayroII
Sagc ovarc
PrccnaonooI
Mcroo PovcrPon
Lou FrccIancc
DckoppubILng
Abouc PLooLop
MuIncuaappIcaon
Mcroo' Encara CD-ROM bacu
cncycIopacua
1nornaonNcvork
LAN
A LAN (LocaI ArcaNcvork) a ycnvLcrcby
nuvuuaI PC arc conncccuogcLcr vLna
conpany or organzaon
WAN
A WAN (WucArcaNcvork) a Lc nanc npIc
aIIov you o conncc o oLcr conpucr ovcr a
vucr arca (.c. LcvLoIcvorIu).
1nornaonNcvork
Uco Ncvork
1 cn pcopIcarc vorkngogcLcr vLnan occ
nakc cncor Lcn aII o bc conncccu.
1n L vay Lc occ can Lavc a ngIc prncr
anu aII cnpcopIccan prno .
1n a nIar vay oLcr ucvcc ucL a noucn
or canncr can bc Larcu.
Evcn norc ucuI Lc abIy o Larc
nornaonvLcn conncccuo a ncvork.
ConpucrAcccorc
Moucn
SLor or 'MODuIac/DEMouuIac. TLc noucn
cnu nornaon ron your conpucr acro Lc
cIcpLoncycn.
TLc noucn a Lc oLcr cnu o Lc pLonc Inc,
convcr Lc gnaI back no a orna La can bc
ucu by Lc rcccvngconpucr.
Uc o Conpucr
PC aHonc
Connonuc or Lc conpucr vLnLc Lonc
Conpucr ganc
WorkngronHonc
BankngronHonc
Connccngo Lc Wcb
Uc o Conpucr
ConpucrnEuucaon
CBT (Conpucr Bacu Tranng)
Conpucr Bacu Tranng(CBT) ocr a Iovco
oIuono ranngnccu vLcrc you nccu o ran
a Iargcanouno pcopIcon a ngIcubjcc.
TLcc progran arc nornaIIy uppIcuon CD-ROM
anu conbnccx, grapLc anu ounu.
Packagc rangc rongcncraI cncycIopacua rgL
LrougL o Icarnnga orcgnIanguagc.
Uc o Conpucr
OccAppIcaon
AuonacuProuuconSycn
Many car acorc arc aIno conpIccIy auonacu anu Lc
car arc acnbIcuby conpucr-conroIIcurobo.
TL auonaon bcconng ncrcangIy connon
LrougLounuury.
DcgnSycn
Many prouuc arc ucgncu ung CAD (Conpucr Aucu
Dcgn) progran o prouucc cxac pcccaonanu
ucaIcu uravng on Lc conpucr bcorc prouucng noucI
o ncv prouuc.
Uc o Conpucr
OccAppIcaon
Sock ConroI
Sock conroI ucaI or auonaonanu n nany conpanc
novconpIccIy conpucrzcu.
TLc ock conroI ycnkccp rack o Lc nunbcr o cn
n ock anu can auonacaIIy orucr rcpIaccncn cn
vLcn rcqurcu.
Accoun / PayroII
1n no Iargc organzaon Lc accoun arc nanancu by a
conpucrzcuycn.
Duc o Lc rcpcvcnaurc o accoun a conpucr ycn
ucaIIy ucuo L ak anu accuracy guaranccu.
Uc o Conpucr
ConpucrnDaIyLc
Accoun
Ganc
EuucaonaI
On-Incbankng
Snar 1D caru
Supcrnarkc
WorkngronLonc (TcIc-vorkng)
1ncrnc
CrcacaGoouWorkngEnvronncn
Frcqucnbrcak avayronLcconpucr
Appropracpoonngo crccn, cLar anu
kcyboaru
Provono aucquacIgLnganuvcnIaon.
HcaIL& SacyPrccauon
MakcurcLa cabIcarcacIyccurcu
Makcurc La povcr pon arcno ovcrIoaucu
AIobcavarco.
RcpcvcSran1njury(RS1)
GIarcroncrccn
Baupourc
VaIuco Backup
TLc no nporan Lng La you orc
onyourconpucr nornaon.
Ocn Lc concn o a Laru uk can
rcprccnycar o vork.
1 Lc Laru uk op vorkngonc uay you
couIuIocaII Loc ycar o vork.
For L rcaon V1TAL
La you akcrcguIarbackup o
Lc nornaonLa orcu on Lc
conpucr.
VaIuco Backup
Organzcyour conpucr or norccccn
backup
ConpIccv. ncrcncnaI backup
Uc'o-c' oragc
VaIuco Backup
Ucpavoru
UnucranuLc1nporancco Lung
uovnyour conpucr propcrIy
UcaUPS (Un-ncrrupbIcPovcr SuppIy)
Lkc& DIkc o Conpucr
TLngconpucr Ikc.
GoouvcnIaon
CIcan cnvronncn
SabIc, vbraonrcc uracc
TLngconpucr uon' Ikc.
Du
Drnknganu cangovcr Lc kcyboaru
Hca, CoIuor Mourc
Don' pIaccobjcc on op o nonor.
Don' pIaccIoppy uk ncar nonor.
ConpucrVru
WLa arc conpucr vruc?
Vruc arc naII progran
La Luc LcncIvc on your
uk (boL ukcc anu
your Laru uk).
UnIc you uc vru
ucccon ovarc Lc r
nc La you knov La you
Lavc a vru vLcn
acvac.
Dcrcn vruc arc
acvacunucrcn vay.
ConpucrVru
Hov uo vruc ncc PC?
Vruc Luc on a uk anu vLcn you
accc Lc uk (cLcr a ukcc or
anoLcr Laru uk ovcr a ncvork) Lc
vru progran vII ar anu ncc
your conpucr.
TLc vor Lng abou a conpucr
vru La Lcy can prcau ron onc
conpucr o anoLcr, cLcr vauc o
ncccu Ioppy uk, or ovcr a
conpucr ncvork, ncIuung Lc
1ncrnc.
ConpucrVru
Hov oprcvcn vruuanagc
TLcrc arc a nunbcr o Lru pary an-
vru prouuc avaIabIc.
Mo o Lcc arc bccr Lan Lc raLcr
ruuncnary prouuc avaIabIc vLn
DOS anu Wnuov, bu o courc you uo
Lavc opay or Lcn!
TLc nan Lng abou your vru cLcckcr
La LouIubc kcp up o uac.
Many conpanc uppIy upuacu uk on
a rcguIar ba or aIIov you o rcccvc
upuac LrougL an cIccronc, on-Inc
buIIcnboaru.
SovarcCopyrgL
Bcavarc on ovarccopyrgLuc
Frccvarc
SLarcvarc
WLa abou ovarcLa you nuon
Lc 1ncrnc?
Sovarc cIccnc
SovarcCopyrgL
1 your conpucr ycn
LoIu nornaon abou
nuvuuaI LcnyouLavca noraI
anu IcgaI uuy o rca
LanornaonvLrcpcc.
1n a rcc occy you Lavc a rgL o
cnurc La nornaon LcIu abou
you no abucu.
1n nany counrc L rgL
cnLrncuunucr uaa procconIav
Nov Lcuar our Conpucr
anugc gong