WAR TIME ECONOMY

By: Alexander Hernandez During World War 2 ( !"#$%& '(e uni'ed %'a'e% )a% e*ono+i*ly %'a,le -or a ,i' -or i'% +en )ere a' )ar. T(e /eo/le '(a' %'ayed in '(e 0ni'ed %'a'e% all /ar'i*i/a'ed in +anu-a*'uring and *rea'ion o- )ar /rodu*'. T(e e*ono+y ,oo+ed )i'( '(e )ar1 a% %'udie% %(o) '(e une+/loy+en' ra'e in !2! )a% 3.24 and ,y !"" '(e une+/loy+en' ra'e )a% .24. T(i% +ean' '(a' '(e )ar 5ery +u*( in*rea%ed '(e e*ono+y in '(e 0ni'ed %'a'e%. T(e 0ni'ed 6'a'e% a% )ell %old ,ond% and Roo%e5el' al%o in%'i'u'ed '(e Bra*ero 7rogra+ in order 'o in*rea%e agri*ul'ural /rodu*'ion 1 and (ad 5i*'ory garden% and al%o ra'ioned. A% +o%' A+eri*an% did during '(i% 'i+e )a% all -ound a 8o, Wo+en )or9ed in -a*'orie% a%%e+,ling a++o and ri-le%1 'eenager% (ad '(e du'y a% )ell li9e )o+en1 and A-ri*an A+eri*an al%o 8oined '(e Ar+y:Na5y and )ere gi5en 8o,% no' '(e ,e%' 9ind o- 8o,% ,u' i' )a% ,e''er '(an no'(ing. Mo%' dura,le good% ,e*a+e una5aila,le Mea'1 *lo'(ing1 and ga%oline )ere 'ig('ly ra'ioned. In +ore indu%'rial area% (ou%ing )a% in %(or' %u//ly a% /eo/le ro%e and li5ed in air'ig(' %/a*e%. 7ri*e% and )age% )ere *on'rolled ,y

go5ern+en' and A+eri*an% %a5ed a (ig( /or'ion o- '(eir in*o+e%1 )(i*( led 'o rene)ed gro)'( a-'er '(e )ar in%'ead o- a re'urn 'o de/re%%ion;

WIN OR LOSE, WE ARE ONE By: Itzel M.

December 7, 1941, our naval base in Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese military. e knew that war was soon upon us, so we took no hesitation in enterin! the ne"t day. Paci#ic $heatre Durin! the years o# 1941%194&, the Japanese military was dominant. 'n the Philippines and (attle o# )oral *ea, the +nited *tates was teamed with ,ustralia a!ainst Japan. ,lthou!h Japan was winnin!, in 194&, (attle -idway was a hu!e turnin! point #or the +*. .eneral Dou!las -ac,rthur created the brilliant plan o# 'sland Hoppin! /also known as 0eap#ro!!in!1 where a series o# battle were on one island2 and once de#eated, the +* would !o to the ne"t, and so on. Japan new that they were not !oin! to win this battle, so, they decided to crash their planes while still it was still piloted. $his sel#%sacri#ice, or as others saw it as suicide, was known as 3amika4e. ,s the war with Japan was #inally succeedin!, President 5ranklin D. 6oosevelt, had died be#ore he could make any last decisions to the war. 'n 1979 the new President Harry *. $ruman had to decide whether to end this war with one #inal attack, the ,tomic (omb. He decided to drop this bomb in Hiroshima and 8a!asaki. $he +nited *tates one Japan. %,tomic (omb a#termath in Hiroshima 9uropean $heatre hile we were battlin! Japan, our ,llies were #i!htin! as well. 9ven thou!h the *oviet +nion be!an as an ally o# .ermany, .ermany violated the 8on%,!!ression ,ct which made it clear that they were !oin! a!ainst each other. $he #irst battle was the (attle o# *talin!rad, 1947. .ermany won as they knew they would have. However everythin! was be!innin! to chan!e #or the !reat #orce o# .ermany. 't was 1944 5rance, where :peration :verload, /also known as D%Day1 was !oin! to occur. 't was in 8ormandy with .eneral Dwi!ht 9isehower, where they would trick .ermany that the ,llied Powers were !oin! to attack at Pas%De%)alais. e were victorious; 5ebruary 194< $he (i! $hree= *oviet +nion, +nited *tates, and .reat (ritain, had a meetin! called the >alta )on#erence. 3nowin! that .ermany would soon #ail, *talin o# the *oviets, 6oosevelt o# the +*, and )hurchill o# .reat (ritain !athered to discuss the ?punishments@ and how they would resolve everythin! that the war had caused. 'n the (attle o# (ul!e .ermany had no choice but to surrender, and victory came to 9urope in -ay 194<. (e#ore the ,llied powers had one the war 5ranklin D.

6oosevelt had died be#ore seein! the nation reAoice in victory. ,u!ust 194< the war had #inally ended.

artime .overnment Policy 194B (y= 3arla 0.

%$he (i! $hree /*talin, 6oosevelt, )hurchill1

Durin! the *econd orld ar the demand #or worker increased as the +nited *tates Aoined the war. $he #irst issue 5D6 was worried about #i"in! was the demand #or a!ricultural workers to !row and produce #ood #or the soldiers at war. $o solve this problem 5D6 created the (racero Pro!ram.

$he (racero Pro!ram was a easy way to !et workers who worked #or lower pay which helped save more money and increase war production !oods. ,#ter the attack on Pearl Harbor there was a lar!e shi#t in all o# ,merica. ,ll the #actories were chan!ed into military war suppliers . $he #actories be!an to produce planes, weapons and any other supplies that could be use#ul in the war e##ort. 'n 14& the ar production (oard was created to direct the #actories and lar!e industries. $his increased the Aob rates there#ore people had more money to spend on consumer !oods.

194BDs
(>= Hector *.

,bout 41C o# the ta"es were spared #or the war e##ort. $he rest o# the money was used to #orm a more stable economy. Durin! the war time women were encoura!ed to work in the #actories and to work as nurses by the !overnment. $he 19th ,mendment !ave women more #reedom. $his lead sin!le and married women to !et Aobs. $his was a boost to the economy because women #elt they were independent and would spend there money on !oods which then contributed to the economical !rowth.

The 1900s wasnt such a great start for African Americans even after are requesting occasionally for equal rights and treated well like every man should be treated. After adopting the im !row "aws African Americans were nothing but servants who worked for low wages and were unlikely to be educated. #ue to lack of academics$ it was a great struggle to fight back and ask for regulation. As war was most likely to start it was this time in %%&& where African Americans took the opportunity to

demonstrate to the nation they were needed and they were capable of giving that aid. 'ore than ever they were needed to be recruited as soldiers to be sent to combat that that was very unlikely since they were given very grunge tasks and they were rarely sent to fight. #uring this time they were actually being paid higher wages then theyve ever received and took this chance to challenge authorities for equal treatment. #iscrimination and segregation awaited them back at home but unlike times before they had had enough. After recognition from (resident )ranklin *oosevelt$ he generously passed the +,ecutive -rder of .0// which increased the chances of many to acquire a 0ob regardless of their race and cant be turned down by it either. An important figure of this time is A. (hilip *andolph whom was an active spokesman for civil rights$ racial inequity$ and defense employment for his common brothers.1ot only were African Americans a target of abuse and unemployment but 'e,ican Americans were as well victims of the 2nited 3tates system. 'oving from the east coast to the west coast$ ma0ority of the 'e,ican population in the 2nited 3tates were living in "os Angeles. #uring the 3econd %orld %ar many 'e,icans were migrating toward the mother land due to the 4racero (rogram that allowed temporary contract laborers to help America while it was currently fighting a war. An increase of 'e,icans irritated many American residents growing tension between both races and critici5ed them for being very poor. They were insulted and were badly looked upon by the whites. The 3leepy "agoon was a murder case which made their reputation even worse but following the event caused many more attacks against youth "atinos. This came to be known as the 6oot 3uit *iots where there was constant quarreling between

both "atinos and Anglo Americans creating lots of controversy between both races.

4y7 8arina !.

War Time Economy Impact On The U.S.

After the 9reat #epression the 2.3 economy was somewhat stable. They had lost a lot of businesses and money during that time. :owever after the 9reat #epression$ the 2.3 tried to keep their economy going down the good road. #uring the 19;0s and 19;<s the 2.3s economy had changed for the good. #uring the war$ the 2.3. had decided to isolate themselves again and focus on bettering their economy. They had become the country that everyone else in the war was mostly depending on. Their factory businesses had re=opened which benefited many people. Those factories focused on producing weapons for the war. %ith the amount of goods that the 2.3 had to offer during that time$ meant the more consumers there would be. The production of steel$ aircrafts$ and rubber also increased which helped get more money as well. The 2.3. economy was also greatly impacted during this time because of the "end "ease Act. 4etween the 19;1 and 19;< the 2.3 supplied the Allied 1ations with things they needed during the war. &n total there was about ><0 billion worth of supply that was shipped. 1ot only did the Allies benefit from this supply but the economy of the 2.3 did as well.