“Thins volume ia PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS A Series of Monographs and Textbooks Bitrs:SaMUEL EILENBERG AND HYMAN Bass Also cet ies in hs tes appears ath df his ome. Theory of Charges A Study of Finitely Additive Measures K.P. S, Bhaskara Rao Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, Inia M. Bhaskara Rao University of Shefield, UK. 1998 @ A Subang of Honour Brae Josancich, Pblhers Pars, StnDiego San Francokind Gnteraion; (i) in association with related external communities ‘WVespaces) (i and its behaviour in enteral environment (ange): (x) in is nternal environment iting. Measure Theory (The Study of Countably Additive Measures) is an integral part of thi wider sty and the contrast Between finite additivity tnd countable aditity Is brought into sharp focus at various junctures inthis wor “Tis book contains good numberof examples ilustrating various aspects of finely adaitve measures. A special feature ofthis book is the Selected ‘Annotated Biography provided atthe end ofthe book isting research ‘papers we have come aro in our pursuit of iritely additive measures, ‘We ope that this book serves practsog analysts well and stimulates further research, IK. Bhaskara Rao gave 2 series of lectures on some of the topics covered in this book atthe University of Lecce Italy) in 1980 and atthe ‘Unversity of Naples in 1981. He acknowledges gratefully the help given by these universities in making the vit possible. We also thank the fndian Statice Institute fr rendering help in making reiproal vss of the tutors posible in connection with this work. "Finally, a word of appreciation and grate Surekha for her moni mental patience in patting up sith one ofthe most taxing and demanding Spouses while tht work was in progress. We ao thank B. R. Marepall {6etyping the eaie manuscript. Decensber 1982 KPS, Bhaskara Rao Calcutta M, Bhaskara Rao ‘Sheffield Contents Proce PRELIMINARIES Seetheoretcal onceps Tepolope cones octet labs Pancional analytic concep Base concepts Besse charge ‘Thence of al bounded mestres calf, F) Jordan Decomposition theoren [Real valet st fnctone ah induced fontonas steno cero or ace Macelaneor extensions = ‘ott vron and outer charges ‘alfa and mal funtione Deiter spaces SU a dat apace NONATOMIC CHARGES Bascconeents Eutence of nonutomi charges Denenes| i.CHAPTER 6 ABSOLUTE CONTINUITY 161 Absoat contrat and sngury 2. Lebegne Decomposton tearm 3 Radon Nod theorem 7 veseaces I Lfapucs An overview 2 Vee 3 Doak V-spces 4 Strong Cveraeace TS Weak Comersens CHAPTER ® NIKODYM THEOREM, WEAK CONVERGENCE [AND VITALLHATIN-SAKS THEOREM ‘1 Niko and Vite #labn Sak theres i he classical 42 Evamples 85 ips emma 84. Niet theorem 1S. Nowm bounded een the presence of uiform abslete ‘onus 146 A ecomposton theorem BF Weatenergene EB VSS theorem (CHAPTER 9 THE DUAL OF INTEGRAL 9.4, Rebnemertinegrl 52 Thedunof CuArTeR 19 PURE cuances 102. A’cecomposton teerem {03 Pate charges on o-felor 04 Bramples 10.3 Pare shares on Boolean algebras CHAPTER 11 RANGES OF CHARGES ind Ranger of bounded huge on eis 112. Ranger a charger one ele 113 Cardiaties of ranges of harges TIA. Charge ih ted TS Gharges whose ranges ae neither Lebesgue measurable ror ve the property of Bare (0, AND THE REFINEMENT Sebject Inder m Es wo es ae he is i" CHAPTER 1 Preliminaries “The ony prerequisite that is needed for understanding a sbstantil part ofthis book Hs a knowledge of Real Analysis, Set Theory and General ‘Topology ata rudimentary Ive. The purpose ofthis chapter iso collect, {in seine form, various basic notions and results that are needed inthis book. Section 1.1 presents various classes of sets and their properties, Section 12 briefly touches on some notions from Set Theory. Section 1.3 maker 4 sojoum with General Topology. Section 1. briely dell om Boolean Algebras, Finally, Section 1.5 presente vestor latices in some etal adequate for our needs. ‘A word advice; before entering the terrain of finitely additive measures, the reader is urged to ensure a good degree of fariarity withthe concepts ‘resented in ths chapter. 1 CLASSES OF SETS Various ypes of classes of sets are presented in this section. The most, important concept is the field of subsets ofa set. This collection i, usualy, the domain of defition for fritelyadative measures. “Throughout this book, (1 always understood to be a non-empty set. ‘The et theoretic operations we use are standard, For the readers n= venience, a ists appended atthe end ofthis book, 1.L.1_Defntions. Let he set and # collection of subsets off. (0), said toe a larice on 0 the folowing conditions are satisfied li. ABeFSAUBES. (i A BegFSANBes- (2), Fis suid to bea semt-ing on ifthe following conditions ae satisied, (. Bex, li), ABes>AnBes li If A,Bee and ACB, then there existe a finite number Ao AicsossAbyofsetein F euch thtt Am Ape Ae ASe"-“= AQ = Band OA EF fori 1.2m