A Fast Hybrid Carry-Lookahead/Carry-Select Adder Design

Ohsang Kwon

Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr.

Kevin Nowka

The University of Texas at

Austin
Austin, Texas 78712

IBM Austin Research Lab

11400 Burnet Rd.
Austin, Texas 78758

Sun Microsystems Inc.

901 San Antonio Rd.
Palo Alto, CA 94303

ohsang.kwon@eng.sun.com eswartzla@aol.com

nowka@us.ibm.com

ABSTRACT

stI PsR ]!7 {${Z$R PB Y YkA$I {sk jBB,sYsI\{sk

yt Y$R }s} s }ssjjj jBAsj {sk ts$Bt $R ZRI PB

Rj{ sII IR$t

s YkA$I {skTjBB,sYsI\{skTRj{ sII IR$t B T

IZ{ PstBZ jBsI s Y htsj 8Zj$}j-B Rs stI j$%

3B Y jBAsj {sk ts$Bt $t Y YkA$I sII s R$8}j

Y R}I JZ$8t BP {B8}BZtI sIIR 3B {B8}BZtI

}ssjjj R{Y8 $R }B}BRI B j$% Y PstBZ jBsI s Y

sIIR $t Y YkA$I R{Y8 s tb jB${sj I{B8}BR$$Bt $R

htsj 8Zj$}j-B Rs

I$%I B 8$t$8$9 R$j${Bt ss stI B $8}B% Y R}I

$t8I$s BZ}ZR $t Y jBB,sYsI jB${ stI -YsZR$%

qY tb s{Y${Z $R -}js$tI b$Y s E;TA$ sII IT

IZ}j${s$Bt BP jBB,sYsI {jjR $R s%B$II $t RZ{Y s bsk Ys

R$t ZR$t Ikts8${ ]!7 {${Z$ $8}j8ts$BtR

Y 8s`B$k BP jBB,sYsI {jjR s RYsI s8Bt 8Zj$}j

qY

E;TA$ sII YsR Y Ijsk BP x1x}R $t (11x 8 AZj, ]!7

qY }ssjjj$R8 IBR tB JZ$

jBB,sYsI R

{YtBjBk
3B Y {skTRj{ R{Y8 $t Y YkA$I s{Y${Z s tb
{B8}BZtI sII IR$t $R }B}BRI yt Y tb {B8}BZtI

Categories and Subject Descriptors

<sIbsHU

1; >

V$Y8${ stI NB${ 7Z{ZRvsjT

<sIbs

B$Y8R }PB8st{  d >

HU ytsI
{Z$RvsjB$Y8R $8}j8tI $t YsIbs zN7y

]$T

General Terms

sII $ttsj {sk ts$Bt jB${ $R RYsI B 8$t$8$9

ss BP Y {B8}BZtI sII

qY tb {B8}BZtI sII

$R IR$tI B A ZRI b$Y N$t:R }RZIB {sk R{Y8 B

$8}B% Y R}I BP Y {sk jBB,sYsI jB${>nH

2. A CARRY-LOOKAHEAD/CARRY-SELECT
ADDER ARCHITECTURE
2.1 General Block Diagram

*R$t VjB$Y8R _PB8st{

Keywords
]sk NBB,sYsI VII ]!7 *B8$tB NB${

3$Z d RYBbR s tsj AjB{, I$ss8 BP Y YkA$I {skT

jBB,sYsI\{skTRj{ sII s{Y${Z =RZsjjk  sT
{Y${ZR s ZRI PB Y PsRR {B8}Zs$Bt BP Y jBAsj

1.

INTRODUCTION

{s$R>dH>;H>xH es{Y jBAsj {sk Rj{R Bt BP Y bB T

]sk jBB,sYsI sIIw]NVD 8}jBkR s PsR  RZ{Z

$t jBAsj stI jB{sj {sk ts$Bt

RZjR BP Y {BR}BtI$t {B8}BZtI sII

3B R}I $8}B%T

8t {sk Rj{ R{Y8R {st A {B8A$tI b$Y Y ]NV

s{Y${Z>dH>1H>xH
an-1,bn-1

Compound
Adder

M
U
X

Compound
Adder

M
U
X

yt Y YkA$I R{Y8 bB {BtI$$Btsj sII$$Bt RZjR s

}T{B8}ZI PB s{Y R}{$h{ AjB{, stI s{Y jBAsj {sk $R
ZRI B Rj{ Bt BP Y bB RZjR qYPB Y Ijsk BP

.
.
.
.

Y jB{sj {sk ts$Bt $R j$8$tsI $t Y YkA$I sII

s{Y${Z qY$R }s} }B}BRR st $8}B%I s{Y${Z

qY$R

bB, bsR IBt bYt Y sZYB bsR b$Y Y =t$%T

R$k BP q-sR s VZR$t
a2,b2

Carry Look Ahead

Carry
Generator

.
.
.

Compound
Adder

M
U
X

a1,b1
a0,b0

Adder

c0

3$Z dU ]skTNBB,sYsI\]skT7j{ VII

2.2 Parallel Carry Generation

3$Z 1 wsD RYBbR s MTA$ R}s{I jBAsj {sk ts$Bt y
YsR bB RstIsI dETA$ R}s{I jBAsj {sk ts$Bt R
bY Bt BP Y8 $R s R$8}jk MTA$ RY$PI %R$Bt BP Y
BY y YsR 8B Zt$PB8jk I$R$AZI PstBZ jBsI $t Y
jBAsj {sk ts$Bt s Y -}tR BP 8B IZtIst
jBB,sYsI {jjR Yst Y R}stt$t  tbB, BP Nkt{Y 
sj 3$Z 1 wAD RYBbR s ;TA$ R}s{I jBAsj {sk ts$Bt
ZR$t s ;Tbsk }ssjjj$R8
C64
C48
C32
C16

A }RtI sR AjBb
dU(

dU(

dU dw D

dU dw D

dU dw D

dw D

dw%D

dU(

dU(

wnD

WBb Y bB {BtI$$Btsj {s$R s }RtI sR AjBb

(%

C64
C48
C32
C16
C60
C
C44
28
C12
C56
C40
C
C24

C56
C40
C
C824

) /% L % 
) /% 9 % L % 9 % /9
% 9 % 9 %  

%

%

#
#

/%dU9 dw%D L %dU9 dw%D /9 dw%DdU(

/% 9 % L %
L9 %  D
dU

dU9 dw%D

dw D

dw D

C52
C36
C20
C4

w/9

dw%D

dU(

dU(

w;D
wxD

qY {BtI$$Btsj RZ8 A$R X% stI X%  s BAs$tI YBZY

Y htsj -{jZR$%T!i Rs sR PBjjBbR
(

1% # wy%  K% D
X(% ) w(%  1% D
Xd% ) wd%  1% D

wsD 1Tbsk _ssjjj

wAD ;Tbsk _ssjjj

3$Z 1U _ssjjj ]sk pts$Bt

yt tsj sR Y j%j BP }ssjjj$R8 $R $t{sRI Y {B8T
}BZtI sII IR$t $R R$8}j$hI qY -8 {sR BP RZ{Y
}ssjjj$R8 $R BT7Bt  bY Y s dE jBAsj
{sk ts$Bt R PB s E;TA$ sII stI Y RZj$t
jBAsj {sk R}s{$t $R Bt A$>EH yt Y$R {sR Btjk s R$8}j
!i $R JZ$I B {sj{Zjs Y htsj RZ8 A$R stI {B8T
}BZtI sIIR s tB tII <Bb% ss stI }Bb
{BtRZ8}$Bt B%YsI BP 8Zj$}j  tbB, $R Y j$8$T
$t Ps{B $t Ys%$t RZ{Y -YsZR$% }ssjjj$R8
2.3 Logical Decomposition for a Compound
Adder
N y% stI K% ItB Y bB B}stI A$R s $ TY A$ }BR$$Bt
/% stI % s IhtI sR ts stI }B}ss R$tsjR s
Y A$ }BR$$Bt $ R}{$%jk
% # y% L K%
/% # y% N K%

wdD
w1D

N /% E ItBR Ys s {sk $R tsI $t s BZ} BP A$R

PB8 $ B ` $t{jZR$% stI }B}ssI B A$ }BR$$Bt w$Ld D>dH
% E $R R$8$jsjk IhtI sR s BZ} }B}ss R$tsj ItB$t
Ys Y $t}Z {sk BP A$ }BR$$Bt ` $R }B}ssI B A$
}BR$$Bt w$Ld D

3. HIGH-SPEED CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION: A 64-BIT ADDER DESIGN

qY 1Tbsk }ssjjj jBAsj {sk ts$Bt stI Y MTA$
{B8}BZtI sII s -}js$tI b$Y s E;TA$ sII IR$t
-s8}j *jskITR Ikts8${ ]!7 {${Z$R s ZRI
PB Y$Y R}I $8}j8ts$Bt>MH 3B PZY R}I $8T
}B%8t N$t:R }RZIB {s$R s 8}jBkI>nH>xH>H qY
hR j%j jBB,sYsI jB${ stI Y MTA$ {B8}BZtI sII s
8BI$hI B s{{B88BIs Y ZR BP N$t:R }RZIB {s$R

3.1 Carry Generation

3B s Y$s{Y${sj {sk ts$Bt R{Y8 PB Y E;TA$
sII p; stI _; s IhtI sR s BZ} ts stI s
BZ} }B}ss BP s BZ} BP ;TA$R G$Y Y ZR BP st
$It$k /% ) % N /%  Y PBjjBb$t JZs$BtR s BAs$tI PB
$)( ; M   xE stI E(
t;%>;

WBb sRRZ8 Ys s {sk jBB,sYsI s{Y${Z $R ZRI PB

Y {B8}BZtI sII !tjk bBTj%j jBB,sYsI Y$s{Yk
$R sRRZ8I PB {Bt%t$t{ yt Y Y$s{Yk BP Y {sk
jBB,sYsI  PB Y $ TY A$ }BR$$Bt Y $R s AjB{, $t
Y hR j%j jBB,sYsI Rs bY Y $ TY A$ AjBtR
*tB W dw7D sR Y N7 wNsR 7$t$h{st $D }BR$$Bt BP
Y AjB{, qYt Y {skT$t A$ BP Y $ TY A$ }BR$$Bt {st

/%LnU%

) /% L % /% L % % /% L
Ln

wED
wD
wMD

t; %>;
h ;%>;
h ; %>;

)
)

#
#
#

Ln

L1

Ln

L1

Ld

%Ln %L1 %Ld /%

%Ln w/%Ln L /%L1 L %L1 /%Ld L %L1 %Ld /% D
%Ln t; %>;
wD
/%Ln L /%L1 L %L1 /%Ld L %L1 %Ld /%
wd(D
%Ln %L1 %Ld %
wddD
%L1 %Ld %L( %d
wd1D

< t; stI h ; s }RZIB BZ} tsR stI }RZIB

BZ} }B}ssR $t Y N$t:R }RZIB {sk R{Y8>nH>xH
tdE h dE tdE stI h ; s R$8$jsjk IhtI PB dETA$
BZ}R sR $t +Zs{Y  sj>xH -{} PB I$&t{R $t BZ}
}s$$Bt$t =R$t Y BZ} tsR stI BZ} }B}sT
sR Y dETA$ R}s{I jBAsj {s$R {st A BAs$tI Ak

Y PBjjBb$t JZs$BtR

gdE

tdE( L h g t
h g

dx gdE
wdnD
tdEd L h dEd tdE( L h dEdh dE(g(
nd wtdE d L h dE d tdE ( L h dE d h dE ( g(D

nd gn1
wd;D
tdE1 L h dE1 tdEd L h dE1h dEdtdE(
Lh dE1 h dEd h dE( g(
; wtdE 1 L h dE 1 tdE d L h dE 1 h dE d tdE (



Lh dE1 h dEd h dE( g( D

; g;M
wdxD

dE( ( ) dx w dE( L

)
)

gn1

)
)
)

g;M

)
)
)

dE( ( D

3B8 Y sAB% JZs$BtR jBAsj {s$R {st A R$8}jk BAT

s$tI PB8 N$t:R }RZIB jBAsj {s$R qYPB }RZIB
jBAsj {s$R s tsI $t Y jBB,sYsI tbB, R$t{
Y ZR BP }RZIB {s$R R$8}j$hR Y hR Rs BP jBB,sT
YsI tbB, qY ZR BP }RZIB {s$R {st A sR$jk YstT
IjI $t Y tb {B8}BZtI sII IR$t B  Y {B{
RZ8 A$R b$YBZ YZ$t {$${sj }sY Ijsk
WBb =R$t eJZs$Bt wd(D eJZs$Bt wd1D stI Y $It$k
BP % ) % N %  Y }RZIB ts stI }B}ss PB Y
hR ;TA$ AjB{, s PB8ZjsI sR PBjjBbR

t; (
h ; (

)
)
)
)

/n L /1 L 1 /d L 1 d /(
w/n L /1 D L 1 d w/d L /( D
1d ( d
w1 d Dw( d D

3.2 Compound Adder

3B s MTA$ AjB{, b$Y s N7 wNsR 7$t$h{st $D s A$
}BR$$Bt $ Y {skT$t s Y w$L DTY A$ }BR$$Bt {st A
}RtI sR PBjjBbR

g L
%

)
)
)

/ LEU L LEU g
w/ LEU Ln L LEU Ln / L1U D L

w LEU Ln L1U D d g
w/ LEU Ln L LEU Ln / L1U D L

w LEU Ln L1U d Dg
%

C
C

w(D
%L
wdD
%L

a2

b2

b3

b2

a1

b1

P40*

CLK

a1

a0

Q_(p3p-1 )

b1

b0

a3

b3

a-1

b-1

wdMD

/
LEU Ln / L1U D 1 L
w/ LEU Ln L LEU Ln w/ L1U L L1U d DD
1 L 3

w %LEU%Ln L

%
%

wdD

w1(D

g6, p6
g5, p5
g4, p4

Manchester
Carry
Chain

g3, p3

g6:0 , p6:-1

g5:3 , p5:3

g5:0 , p5:-1

g4:3 , p4:3

g4:0 , p4:-1

g3, p3

g3:0 , p3:-1

g6:0
g6:0 + p6:-1

Manchester
Carry
Chain

g0, p0

p'7
p'6
p'5
p'4

g2:0 , p2:-1

g2, p2
g1, p1

g6:3 , p6:3

p'3

g1:0 , p1:-1

p'2

g0, p0:-1

p'1
0
1

p'0

p-1

S7(0)
S7(1)
S6(0)
S6(1)
S5(0)
S5(1)
S4(0)
S4(1)
S3(0)
S3(1)
S2(0)
S2(1)
S1(0)
S1(1)
S0(0)
S0(1)

2nd domino stage

3$Z ;U V Wb MTA$ ]B8}BZtI VII

G40*

Q_(g1+g0)

conditional carry generation

Q_(p2p1)

a2

 %

CLK

a3

1st domino stage

Q_(g3+g2)

w(D
wdD
N L% stI L% ItB Y {BR}BtI$t {BtI$$Btsj RZ8
A$R s A$ }BR$$Bt w L D R}{$%jk qYt

wdD

3$Z n RYBbR s Ikts8${ ]!7 {${Z$ $8}j8ts$Bt BP

Y hR jBB,sYsI Rs qY ts$Bt BP % stI % $R
8I $t Y hR jBB,sYsI jB${ stI Y tbjk I$%I
jB${ JZs$BtR b$Y Y {B8}BZtI Ikts8${ ]!7 {${Z$
RkjR }B%$IR s R$8}j stI PsR {${Z$ qY tb {${Z$
$R PsR Ak E0 $t p; ts$Bt Yst Y I${ $8}jT
8ts$Bt 7$8$js {${Z$R s ZRI PB Y PBjjBb$t dETA$
BZ} tsR stI BZ} }B}ssR

CLK

wdED

< d $R ZRI B 8s$ts$t Y {BtR$Rt{k b$Y BY

BZ}R YBZY $ {st A B8$I PB Y hR ;TA$ AjB{,

-}js$tI PB Y {Bt%t$t{ !Y MTA$ B&RI jBAsj

{s$R {st A BAs$tI b$Y Y Rs8 8{Yst$R8 qYk
s sjRB dETA$ R}s{I jBAsj {s$R PB stBY E;TA$ BZ}
bY${Y {BtR$RR xE N7 A$R BP $t}Z B}stIR stI M IZ88k
A$R BP (: sR Rt $t 3$Z 1wsD

3$Z ; RYBbR s AjB{, I$ss8 BP Y tb MTA$ {B8}BZtI

sII VR RYBbt $t Y hZ {sk ts$Bt {${Z$R s
RYsI PB ABY {sRR bY${Y jsIR B ssT^{$t{k BT
B% Y jsR bB jB${sj RsR {st A 8I $t Bt IB8$tB
Rs B 8$t$8$9 Y Ijsk stI ss sR RYBbt $t 3$Z x
yt Y hZ
stI s tII PB Ikts8${ ]!7 !i
$8}j8ts$Bt qYk s jB${sj {B8}j8tR BP
stI 
R}{$%jk stI s IhtI sR PBjjBbR

>

>
R

y K
y LK
% N
%

w1dD
w11D

3$Z nU *kts8${ ]!7 ]${Z$ PB Y 3$R

NBB,sYsI 7s

qY$ BZ} R$tsj Iht$$BtR B $t }ssjjj b$Y YBR BP

stI YBZY IZsj$k

7B Ps Btjk dETA$ R}s{I jBAsj {sk ts$Bt YsR At

3.3 Performance

CLK

CLK
S7(1)

S7(0)
g6:3

p6:3

k6:3

g2:0

a7 xnor b7

q6:3

k2:0

g6:3

q2:0

a7 xor b7

a7 xnor b7

p6:3

k6:3

q6:3

g2:0

p2:0

k2:0

a7 xor b7

3$Z xU qY 7{BtI *B8$tB 7s 3B qY Wb MTA$ ]B8}BZtI VIIU 7

qsAj dU ]Z8Zjs$% *jsk !P E;T $ VII *R$tR
u|X%|Y
lCBul |um R}u|%v
|C9}CYvI uII
M%v;R }RYIC |um
lCBul |um vu%Cv
MVg
MV3
MVp
|C9}CYvI uII
``
Ru3
Q%vul >

u vd R|X9

LTB%w3Tdum }uulllD
LTB%wvdD
mR

gETB%wRuvIuID
gETB%w|YR%'D
vC

gpp}Rwr<Dg3<}Rwa<D
3L3}RwrgED3<}RwagED
<3<}Rw`xED

333}Rwr<Dg<p}Rwa<D
pEL}RwrgED3L<}RwagED
<g}Rw`<LD

pgL}Rw/EUn D
<+E}R
x3<}Rw6EpD

pL+}R
<p}R
x3}Rw6EpD

qY tb E;TA$ YkA$I sII bsR R$8ZjsI ZR$t (11x 8

AZj, ]!7 {YtBjBk y0 YsR s Ijsk BP x1;}R Bt Y {$T
${sj }sY s d3E1~ stI Mx g B}s$t {BtI$$Bt
qsAj d RYBbR Ys Y tb IR$t $R dx0 PsR Yst Y
{Bt%t$Btsj IR$t $t jBAsj {sk ts$Bt qY 8s$t
R}I $8}B%8t {B8R PB8 Y hR jBB,sYsI Rs
bY Y tb IR$t 8}jBkR N$t:R }RZIB {sk R{Y8
b$Y s tb R$8}j$hI Ikts8${ ]!7 {${Z$ yt {B8}BZtI
sII IR$tR Y MTA$ {B8}BZtI sII $R PsR tBZY B
8s{Y Y Ijsk BP Y jBAsj {sk ts$Bt
4.

CONCLUSIONS

yt Y$R }s} s tb PsR {sk jBB,sYsI\{sk Rj{ sII

s{Y${Z $R }B}BRI k IZ}j${s$t RB8 }sR BP jBAsj
{sk ts$Bt tbB, b$Y st B&R Y PstTBZ jBsI
BP Y jBAsj {s$R {st A R$t$h{stjk IZ{I stI Y
IR$t BP {B8}BZtI sIIR $R sRI qB j$% Y ss
AZIt stI R}I JZ$8t $t Y {skTRj{ R{Y8 s
tb PsR ssT^{$t {B8}BZtI sII IR$t $R }B}BRI
qY {B8}BZtI sII $R IR$tI B s{{B88BIs Y ZR BP
N$t:R }RZIB {s$R qY }B}BRI E;TA$ Ikts8${ ]!7
sII IR$t YsR s dn0 R}I $8}B%8t {B8}sI b$Y
s {Bt%t$Btsj IR$t $t (11x 8 ]!7 {YtBjBk
5.

REFERENCES

u |Cv'v%Cvul R|X9

>dH q Nkt{Y stI e 7bs9jstI F XV 7}stt$t q

]sk NBB,sYsI VII" yeee qstR Bt ]B8}ZR

>1H
>nH
>;H
>xH
>EH

%Bj ;d tB M }} ndTn VZZR d1

z$%$ stsAZs XV i{ZR$%
]skTNBB,sYsI\]skT7j{ <kA$I VII" yeee
qstR Bt ]B8}ZR %Bj ;1 tB d1 }} d;xTd;
*{ dn
< N$t XV <$YTR}I A$tsk sII" y  F iR
*%jB} %Bj 1x }} dxETdEE sk dMd
i _ t stI < q Zt XV Zjs jskBZ PB
}ssjjj sIIR" yeee qstR Bt ]B8}ZR %Bj ]Tnd
}} 1E(T1E; dM1
WYBt q +Zs{Y stI ${Ysj F 3jktt X<$YT7}I
VII$$Bt $t ]!7" yeee qstR Bt ]B8}ZR %Bj
;d }} dEd1TdEdx *{ d1
FsYBt _s, <Zt ] WB FBj V 7$jA8st stI
7st < *YBt X;(}R E;A$ _ssjjj $tsk VII"
7k8}BR$Z8 Bt zN7y ]${Z$R *$R BP q{Yt${sj
_s}R

 }} d1Tdn 1(((

>H 7s8Zj Ws&9$ XV 7ZATtstBR{BtI (x E;A VII
*R$t" y77]] *$R BP q{Yt${sj _s} }} nE1TnEn
dE
>MH %$t F WBb,s stI q$A$ psjs8ABR X]${Z$ *R$t
q{Yt$JZR PB s p$sY9 yt ${B}B{RRB"
ytts$Btsj ]BtPt{ Bt ]B8}Z *R$t }}
ddTdE dM