Assignment

:Topic DIFFERENTIATE FEED BACKWARD AND FEED FORWARD CONTROL SYSTEMS . MONITOR THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES .TAKING SOME INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLES

Submitted To: Sir Tahir Ishfaq. Submitted By: M.Tanzeel UR Rehman. Roll NO: 10-CH-70

NFC IEFR FAISALABAD.

Contents

Feed back a!d c"#$!"% &'&$e(

 Explanation and Example Advantages of feed a!"#a$d !ont$ol s%stem &isadvantages s%stem of feed a!"#a$d !ont$ol

Feed F"! a!d c"#$!"% &'&$e(

Explanation and example Com ination s%stem #ith 'eed a!"#a$d !ont$ol

Advantages of feed fo$#a$d !ont$ol s%stem &isadvantages of feed fo$#a$d !ont$ol s%stem

I#d)&$!*a% E+a(,%e&

Feed Bac !a"d Cont"ol System

De#inition:

(n !losed loop !ont$ol s%stem info$mation a o)t the !ont$olled va$ia le a$e fed a!" to the !ont$olle$ and final !ont$ol element. (t )se di$e!t meas)$ement of the of !ont$olled va$ia les to ad*)st val)es of manip)lated va$ia les.

E$planation: A s%stem in #hi!h info$mation a o)t the !ont$olled va$ia le is fed a!" to !ont$olle$ and final !ont$ol element is "no#n as feed a!"#a$d !ont$ol s%stem. (t is also !alled !losed loop !ont$ol s%stem. (t does not di$e!tl% meas)$e the dist)$ an!e.

The te$m feed a!" !omes di$e!tion in #hi!h the meas)$ed val)es t$avel in the lo!" diag$am. The signal egins at the o)tp)t of the !ont$olled s%stem. The o)tp)t of the !ont$olle$ is the inp)t of !ont$olled s%stem. Th)s the meas)$ed val)e signal is fed a!" f$om the o)tp)t of the !ont$olle$ s%stem to the inp)t. The te$m !losed loop $efe$s to the loop !$eated % feed a!" path. A !losed loop o$ a!"#a$d !ont$ol s%stem meas)$e the diffe$en!e et#een the

a!t)al val)e and desi$ed val)e and )ses the diffe$en!e to the a!t)al val)e to#a$ds the desi$ed val)es. E$ample: +et )s !onside$ a example of a C,TR s%stem. (n this s%stem feed is ente$ed at s spe!ifi! tempe$at)$e and !omposition. The $ea!tion is ta"en pla!ed and p$od)!t is o tained at a spe!ifi! tempe$at)$e #hi!h is $e-)i$ed fo$ the p$od)!t. A tempe$at)$e !ont$olle$ is installed at the o)tlet s%stem. (f the tempe$at)$e is in!$eased o$ de!$eased f$om the $e-)i$ed val)e. a signal goes f$om the !ont$olle$ to the valve and the manip)lated va$ia le is !ont$olled.

Ad%anta&es:

 /ne of the advantages of feed a!" !ont$ol is that % anal%zing the o)tp)t of a s%stem )nsta le p$o!ess !an e sta ilize. (t does not $e-)i$e identifi!ation and meas)$ement of an% dist)$ an!e. (t is intensive to modelling e$$o$s. (t is insensitive to pa$amete$ !hanges. The p$ima$% advantages feed a!"#a$d !ont$ol is the potential fo$ mo$e a!!)$ate !ont$ol of p$o!ess. Disad%anta&es:

Time lag in a s%stem is the main disadvantage in the feed a!" s%stem. The feed a!"#a$d s%stem is mo$e expensive than the open loop s%stem. The feed a!" feat)$e of !losed loop !ont$ol s%stem ma"es it possi le fo$ the s%stem to e!ome )nsta le. A )nsta le s%stem ma"e os!illation of the !ont$ol va$ia le. often #ith ve$% la$ge amplit)de. (t #aits )ntil the dist)$ an!e effe!t the s%stem. (t is not s)ita le fo$ slo# p$o!esses o$ #ith signifi!ant dead time.

Feed Fo"!a"d cont"ol System

De#inition:

(n this p$o!ess dist)$ an!e is meas)$ed in advan!e and !ompensate #itho)t #aiting fo$ a !hange in !ont$ol va$ia le. (t is )sed fo$ the di$e!t meas)$ement of dist)$ an!e to ad*)st val)es of manip)lated va$ia les. it meas)$e the dist)$ an!e efo$e the% effe!t the s%stem.

E$planation: 'eed a!"#a$d !ont$ol is most !ommon st$ateg% in the p$o!ess (nd)st$%. Ho#eve$ feed a!" !ont$ol ma% not p$ovide $e-)i$ed pe$fo$man!e. 'o$ these p$o!esses othe$ t%pes of !ont$ol s%stems a$e designed. /ne of s)!h s%stem is feed fo$#a$d !ont$ol s%stem. (t )ses the meas)$ement of an inp)t dist)$ an!e to the plant as additional info$mation fo$ enhan!ing single loop 0(& !ont$ol pe$fo$man!e. This meas)$e p$ovides a ea$l% #a$ning that the !ont$olle$ va$ia le #ill e )pset sometime in feat)$e.

1ith this #a$ning it has !han!e to ad*)st the manip)lated va$ia le efo$e the !ont$ol va$ia le deviates f$om the set point. (t does not )se the o)tp)t of the !ont$ol s%stem. A s%stem

#hi!h exhi its feed fo$#a$d ehavio)$ $esponds to a dist)$ an!e #itho)t having to e effe!ted % it fi$st. ,ometimes feed a!"#a$d !ont$ol s%stem is also )se #ith !om ination of feed fo$#a$d !ont$ol to get est a!!)$ate $es)lts. An example of !om ination of feed fo$#a$d and feed a!"#a$d !ont$ol s%stem is given elo#2

(n this example a heat ex!hange$ #ith the !om ination of feed fo$#a$d and feed a!"#a$d !ont$ol s%stem is sho#n. 'eed fo$#a$d !ont$ol s%stem !ont$ols the flo# efo$e it effe!t the final p$od)!t and a!"#a$d s%stem !ont$ols the flo# #hen it affe!ts the s%stem and an% !hange o!!)$.

Ad%anta&es:

 'eed a!"#a$d s%stem is a!tive. p$oa!tive.

)t this s%stem is

(t !an $espond mo$e -)i!"l% to a "no#n "ind of dist)$ an!e. (t !an !ont$ol the dist)$ an!e efo$e it effe!t the s%stem. (t does not have sta ilit% p$o lems. The% have theo$eti!al potential fo$ pe$fe!t !ont$ol. (t is good fo$ slo# s%stems. (mp$ove -)alit% and a!!)$a!%. enhan!ed sta ilit% and faste$ feed of #o$"ing. (t is advan!e t%pe of !ont$olle$.

Disad%anta&es:

(t $e-)i$es the s%stem to $espond to the dist)$ an!e in o$de$ to noti!e the deviation. (t !an do not an%thing #ith novel dist)$ an!e. (t !annot indi!ate the !hange in o)tp)t of s%stem. (t !an !ont$ol onl% a "no#n dist)$ an!e.

Re#e"ences:
Test %o)$ "no#ledge in !hemi!al enginee$ing Tahi$ (shfa-. p$o!ess !ont$ol % M A Tahi$. http233en.#i"ipedia.o$g3#i"i3'eed a!" http233en.#i"ipedia.o$g3#i"i3'eed4fo$#a$d45!ont$ol6 http233 log.opti!ont$ols.!om3a$!hives3787 https233!ont$ols.engin.)mi!h.ed)3#i"i3index.php3'eed a!"4 !ont$ol % 0$of.

'$om la man)al of inst$)ment and p$o!ess !ont$ol.