Você está na página 1de 87

2

JEB ?E= 7 ELAHIE@=@A +=J E?= @ 4E /H= @A @ 5K .=?K @=@A @A 1 B H JE?= ?E= @= + FKJ= A +E

2H CH= = @A 2 I /H=@K=

7JE E = K JE 8=

@A ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI @ AIF= =J I @A

H=@= F=H= HAFHAIA J= A

AIJ=@ I =JE C LA

4A@AI @A )KJ

-IJ ? IJE? I

) = 2=K = 5= A CKA 5? =HE

,EIIAHJ= HAGKEIEJ @A F=H?E= AIJHA A

=FHAIA J=@= >JA ?E= @= + @ +E

? CH=K FKJ=

HEA J=@ H 2H B ,H 2=K

0A HEGKA A A A .AH = @AI

2 HJ ) ACHA &

4AIK
. H = EI I @A @A =CA IEIJA @A =CA K I E CK=CA I ?=F= AI @A @AI?HALAH IEIJA =I @A B H = I B H = EI I? DA?E@ I ? @A I CH= @AI A ? F AN I - JHAJ= J I AIJHKJKH=@ I ? ) CAH= @A =CA = >C = @A

FAH EJE @ = IK= =L= E= = HAFHAIA J= =CA @EI?HAJ CAH= =

GK= JEJ=JEL= JE?= @A

AIJHKJKH=@ I FAH EJA = FH JE?= = @ AIF= AIF= @A AIJ=@ I @A AIJ=@ I

@A IEIJA =I @A J= F HJA F @A =FHAIA J=H HAIK J= A = C HEJ CH= @A K

FH > A = @A ANF I

@A IEIJA =I =JH=L I @A B H = EI KI

AH @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI A JA AIF=

A =H = A = A J -IJA JH=>= D

@ I AIJ=@ I =FHAIA J= K F=H= B H = EI

=JE C LAEI

@AIA =@ = FH ?AII @A

?=F= @A CAH=H A =H = A =H I

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA 455  @AIIA = C HEJ =

@A 4A@AI @A )KJ

=J I -IJ ? IJE? I 5)  KJE E = @ ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI =FHAIA J=H K = FHE AEH= LAHI B H = EI 5)

K JE 8= H=@=  ,,  ) E@ E= FHE ?EF= @A ? FH L=H = IK= LE=>E E@=@A F=H=

)>IJH=?J
@A E C B H = EI I =HA = CK=CAI ?=F=> A B @AI?HE>E C = IOIJA M=O = ? F AN ME C EJI GK= JEJ=JELA AL= K=JE @A I E = IOIJA =JE? = AH 0 MALAH JDA >AD=LE H E = = >ECK KI

6DA IJHK?JKHA@ B H = EI I ?= HAFHAIA J =HCA = @ @A E C B IOIJA I MEJD IK?D ?D=H=?JAH M EIIKA 7IK= O IJHK?JKHA@ EI BJA =

EIJE?I EI IJE = FH > A FHAIA JI = = C HEJD J J =J=

IE ?A JDA IF=?A IJ=JA ANF IE

B H = EI I MEJD @EI?HAJA IJ=JA IF=?A FHAIA J = =HCA K >AH B K HA=?D=> A IJ=JAI 6DEI M H => A J CA AH=JA = @ IJ HE C JDA HA=?D=> A IF=?A IJ=JA B = 5J ?D=IJE? )K K JE L= KA@ ,A?EIE ,E=CH=  ,, 6DEI AM JA?D EGKA =E I ,, B H 5) EI = L= K=> A =FFH =?D AJM H 5)  KIE C

=E O LAHEBO JD=J JDA =FF E?=>E EJO B

5K

HE


   !

1 JH @K . H = EI
2

#

I @A

@AC= A

' ' 

4A@AI @A 2AJHE

,EIF=H= @ 6H= IE AI E EJ= > K @ AII  A 5ACKH= = I=BA AII 

4A@AI @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?=I 5) 4A@AI @A )KJ =J I -IJ ? IJE? I

! " # # $ %

-IJ=@ I

?=EI A / >=EI

6EF I @A 6H= IE AI ! " -IJHKJKH= @A K = 5) -NA F @A @A 5)

!
! !

,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI
,, F=H= 52 -NA F @A @A =CA

K JE L= H=@= F=H= 52

! ! !#

"
" " "! ""

)F E?= @ ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI 5)


)JK= @A @A )H = A = A J F=H= 5) ,, F=H= 5) ) EIA @= + F ANE@=@A @ ) C HEJ @ ) C HEJ

K JE 8= H=@= F=H=
" " " #! #$

1 F A A J=

#
# #

F=H=JEL A JHA
@A =CA @A I 5)

,, A 8AJ H @A *

A=

#% #% #&

-NA F I @A

$
$

EIA @ 4A H@A = A J @ I )KJ


@A =CA

=J I

% %

-NA F I @A

+ IE@AH= AI .E =EI 4ABAH ?E=I

%% &

EIJ= @A 6=>A =I

 ! " # $ % & '

.K 4A = + + + IK IK

f HAFHAIA J=@= FA
@ @A +

,E=CH= = @A ,A?EI @E A+ A= I

*E IAG

HE= IJHK @ ,, ?E=

! !% "% $ $$ $& % %! %# =J I

+ @E ?=

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I F=H= +

A JHA -LA J I A -IJ=@ I + F=H=JEL A JHA @A @A ? A A HE= F=H= HE= F=H= @A @A

,, A 8AJ H @A * +

= J=H @ I .E I B I F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I E = JAI

-NA F -NA F -NA F

@A -LA J I 5E ?H

E = JAI A JHA 2=HAI @A )KJ

JEF I -LA J I 5E ?H = J=H @ I .E I B I

EIJ= @A .ECKH=I

4AFHAIA J=

/H

?= @A K = 4A@A @A 2AJHE

HL HA @A )JE CE>E E@=@A @= 4A@A @A 2AJHE @= .ECKH=  ! " # $ % & '    ! " # $ % & '   + + + -NA F -NA F @A K = 4A@A @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?= @A @A A
5)

! &

+=@AE= @A -NA F

=H L -GKEL= A JA = *E

@A

5)

@= .ECKH= "

& ! !!

@A ,E=CH= = @A ,A?EI

HE= F=H= .K

,, F=H= BK

min(a, b, c)
@A ,, ,, 4A@AI @A 2AJHE 2HE AEH= ,EIF IE 5ACK @= ,EIF IE

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I @A 5) ? H@A H@A @E  " )KJ =J I @A @A

!$ !& !' "

-NA F -NA F + +HE= +HE= +HE= +HE= +HE= +HE= +HE= +HE= ! " # +HE= +HE= +HE=

,, F=H= ,, F=H= A+ IAG

5) 5)

" )KJ " )KJ

=J I =J I

"! "" "% "' "' # # # # # # # # #

K J @A +

?E=

-IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A -IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II  ,, 2=II ,, 2=II ! ,, 2=II " ,, 2=II # ,, 2=II $ ,, 2=II % ,, 2=II & ,, 2=II ' ,, 2=II  ,, 2=II 

$ % & ' ! ! ! !! !" !# !$ !% !& !' " " " "!

-IJHKJKH= @A ,, @A ,, 5) ! @A ,, + F=H= ,, 5) 5)

,, 4AIK J= JA @ 5) 5) E = JAI A JHA 2=HAI @A )KJ =J I " IK @A @A @A @A A HE= F=H= @A I 5) @ELAHI I =J I  ,,  @A @A

# #& #' #' $ $ $ $ $ $! $! $" = J=H @ I ! .E I B I A A HE= F=H= HE= F=H= @A @A = J=H @ I .E I B I + $# $$ $% F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I $& %! %" E = JAI

-IJHKJKH= @A K

-LA J I 5E ?H 2=HAI @A )KJ 5) @A " 5) @ +

= J=H @ I .E I B I ,, 4AIK J= JA F=H= + + + F=H= F=H= ? @ + @ + IK IK

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I JEF I -LA J I 5E ?H = J=H @ I .E I B I

-NA F -NA F

EIJ= @A 5EC =I

2 52 5) 255 455 ,, 62 ,)/

2AJHE

AJ AJ =J= AJM H

# $ $ $ $ ,E=CH= AJ ! $ !

5J ?D=IJE? 2AJHE 5J ?D=IJE? )KJ

2H @K?J 5J=JA 5F=?A 4A=?D=> A 5F=?A 5J=JA K JE L= KA@ ,A?EIE 6A F HE A@ 2AJHE

,EHA?J )?O? E? /H=FD

"

#

 1 JH @K
7 @A =? I E E?E=H= = @ I= B H = EI @A I # @A @A =CA K = E CK=CA I @A @A =CA =H L # = B= K C A HE?= K CH IACKE@= ?= F=H= HAFHAIA J= = @= @ ?=@= @A '# GKA B E ? F A A J=@ ! A 4AEIAH A =LA >AHC

I B H = EI

AIJ ? IJE?= J

AL K @ @AI@A &' GK= @

I AIJK@ I I >HA +=@AE=I @A

E E?E K I AIJK@ I I >HA 4A@AI @A .E = @A -IFAH=   I % F H EJJ A " *=I AJ +D= @O K J A 2= =?E I

@A I I =H L  + I = AEH= F @A

=>IJH= AI @A K @A

FH > A = @ I + @A

K @ HA= #

. H = EI

I? I

+=@AE=I @A K = AIJHKJKH=@ I

E =@ I @A B H = EI

AIJHKJKH=@ I F H IAG A JA A JA B H = EI F AN I

=FHAIA J=HA

@K =H @A HAFHAIA J=H K

A BHA J=H @E ?K @=@AI F=H= @AI?HALAH

@A I CH= @AI A ?

I B H = EI IJHE AI @A IAH K

I ?

DA?E@ I ?

AIJHKJKH=@ I IKHCEH=
AIF=

E JKEJ @A = A E =H J=EI HA E ?E @A '$ ? @A AIJ=@ I @EI?HAJ = FH F IJ= HAFHAIA J= @ =J I AI @A IK>IEI =

B H = EI B H = EI

@A 4A@AI @A 2AJHE 2  B E E JH @K E@ ?=F= @A @AI?HALAH IEIJA =I ? @A I ? I F=?J I ' @A K

HA= E@=@AI ? > AJEL

F AN=I =JH=L I @A A J= J ? 5)

B H = EI IEIJA = ?

@A 4A@AI @A )KJ >=IE?= A JA K =? A ?E= ?=IE

-IJ ? IJE? I 5)  FH F IJ F H 2 =JA=K FAH EJA = HAFHAIA J= JA =I J= J ?

A=@ I @A '& JA E JAH@AFA @

F HJ= A J E @AFA @A JA GK= J ?

+ ? AIF=

= ANEIJ

?E= @A B H = EI IEIJA A I ?

I @A IK

@A =CA @ AIF= @A A

?=F= AI @A HAFHAIA J=H IEIJA =I CH= @AI A @A AIJ=@ I *=IE?= A JA = ANF I @ HE= F=H= HAFHAIA J=H I @EBAHA JAI AIJ=@ I A = = IAH B ? @A AIJK@ 5 K AI @A = = AIF= =J I -IJ ? IJE? I AIF=

F AN I A AHCA @A AIJ=@ I ?

FH > A = @= ANF I A AL=@ ? @A

=F E? LAEI = HA= E@=@A @A K F=H= L HE I B H = EI ? FKJ=?E =EI ANEIJA JAI KJE E =

- @AHA =H AIJA FH > A = ?

4A@AI @A 2AJHE A 4A@AI @A )KJ @A E@A JE ?=H F IJAHE H A JA

AIJHKJKH=I @A @=@ I @A J= = D FH F H?E

AIJ=@ I FH @KJ 255 =

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA @

$ @A 455 -II= => H@=CA =IIK A GKA I AIJ=@ I @AI A?AII HE I C=IJ I ?

+)2 67

1 64 ,7

=JE C LAEI @ FKJ=?E

@A

J= >

=H = A =@ I ?=KI= @ =IIE

=EI A @A =H = A = A J

-IJK@ I =F E?=@ I = B H = EI IJH= GKA AL= @ IA A FAH % A AH= ? J= =FA =I = F H

@A

@A =CA

@A 4A@AI @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?=I 52  @A F AN I @A K = = AEH= ? A AIF= F=?J= A @A @A 455 *=IE?= A JA *K?DD B H = EI @A 52

F II LA @AI?HALAH IA IEIJA =I CH= @AI A ? =JE C LA @ E AH A +E=H@ & %  FH FKIAH=

= AEH=I A ?EA JAI @A @AI?HALAH

AIJ=@ I =JE C LA @A K JE 8= H=@= ? =I FAH= AI ?

@A I CH= @AI A ? DA?E@= ?

F AN I F=H=

GKA = JAHE H A JA F=?J= A A ?= F=H=

@A @EB ?E HAFHAIA J= K I?

2=H= = CK I ?=I I = AIJHKJKH= @A @=@ I ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI ,, B E KJE E =@= @ALE@ = B=J @A IAH ? E IAH AI A >KI?=I

> AJEL @AIIA JH=>= D B H = EI @A @A =CA 5) ?=F= @A A ?


-IJ= =@=FJ= A L = = ALA J I ,, F=H=

=@=FJ=H A JA
= ?

?AEJ @A JHE>KE

,, =F E?=@ A

52

& % F=H= @A K = C HEJ ,,


?

) FHE ?EF= ? AIF=

IA B=H FA = @AI?HE
IJ= JAI A BK ?E B H = EI

JH=H A =H = A =H I
JAH ?KE@=@ =@E?E ?=EI A IE ?H B H = EI

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI A

K = AIJHKJKH=
@A 5) 2 H

KI @A J=N=I ?

=EI =FHAIA J=@=I @A KI @A

E = JAI F=HJE?K =HE@=@A ANEIJA JA @ = C HEJ FH F IJ ? @A 5) =E @=

I= EA J=H GKA AIJ= FHE AEH= LAHI EIA @= ? F ANE@=@A @ = C HEJ

FHA ?KF= IA ? =FHAIA J=@= =

= LE=>E E =

B ?= @ = CK =I GKAIJ AI @A FAHB H = ?A ,A B=J @A AIJ=>A A?AH IA K = KA ?E= IEIJA = I B H A =I L=HE LAEI GKA E

E@ E= @ @AIA FA D GKA AIJA =FHAIA J=H =K A J=@=I

>JAH IA = AIJHKJKH= @A @AIA LA =KJ ? 2=H= J= J @EIF IJ I AH ? + ANF H=@ F H AIIA AIJK@ =J I I

,,

=EI ?

F=?J= F II LA GKA HAFHAIA JA @ I =KJ =J I = AIJHKJKH= @A IJH=

@A

K ,, ?

=IFA?J J= > GKA I

?AEJ @A H@A ,, E KA ?E=

? KI AI =GKE =FHAIA J=@=I @A AH @A 

GKA = H@A

@ I HAGKAHE@ I FA = AIJHKJKH= >A

A?AII HE @A HA@K AI  JE E =

7 @A *

? A=

F=H=JEL @ = C HEJ I ? =

=JK= F=H= CAH= ,,

A =H = A = A J KJE E =@ A J= > =FHAIA J=@

5)

8AJ H

L= J ? E?= GKA KJE E = = L FHE ?EF= @ ?

GKAIEJ ?

IK

= @A

HE=

F=H=JEL AIJ=>A A?E@ A JHA = >=I =I J ? E?=I

% 2-25 = BAHH= A J= =JK= A JA KJE E =@= F=H= = HAI K =GKE FH F IJ AIJ=?E @A AIJK@ A - J HE= A ? F=H= GKA HE= @A K @A IEIJA =I @AI?HEJ I A @A 5) 5) !

A ?= @E@=J= = E JACH= IEIJA A FAH = @A = @A

@ = C HEJ

*=IE?= A JA = BAHH= A J= 2-25 F IIKE ) FHE AEH= AJ=F= ? @ I AIJ=@ I @A K KEJ IK ? K @A A B=J H = IACK @= AJ=F= =I FH >=>E E@=@AI @A

AJ=F=I @EIJE J=I F=H= >JAH = I K FHAF=H=H =I E B H = AI @ ?E= A 5) A @A = GK= J FE? =GKE A ? IK @A

?=@= AIJ=@ C >= F II=

IAH ?= ?K =@=I ,AII= B H = = >JA FH ?AII @A CAH= FKJ= ? I EIAI ? IK

=JE C LAEI @ HA AL= JA 2=H= FH ?AII @A CAH=

HA= E =@= = FHE AEH= AJ=F= @= I K @= IACK @= AJ=F=

HE= @KH= JA KJH=I = IK

2-25

E F HJ= JA GKA = E ?E @= ? A @A +27

HE= IA = JE E =@ FE? @A

HE= @KH= JA

= L I @A AIJK@ @AIIA JH=>= D @ I B H = EI ,, F=H= +=F JK IA

@A? HHAH @AIIA JH=>= D =FHAIA J= FHE AEH= A JA K = >HALA @AI?HE AIJK@ @A 52 = C HEJ B H = EI +=F JK +=F JK GKA I 52 A 5) +=F JK  +=F JK AIF= ! HAIK A KI @A & % J= > >=IA=@ A @A 5) )E @= K JH=>= D I HA= E =@ I F H ) =L= E= ? ,, K = @= ? E AH A +E=H@

B H = EI " =FHAIA J= ,, F=H= I A = @A =CA @= L=

?=F= @A CAH=H A =H = A =H

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA KJE E = @ = 8AJ H @A * A=

F ANE@=@A @AIJA = C HEJ +=F JK @ I =KJ

=FHAIA J=@= AIJA

F=H=JEL A JHA = J ? E?= JH=@E?E =FHAIA J=@ ?E= @= H@A A JA =IIE ? +=F JK

J ? E?= >=IA=@= A AIJHKJKH= @A ,, -

# =JH=L I @A ANA F I @A =J I HA =?E ? KI

$ =FHAIA J= = E

=@= =I J=HAB=I @A JE E = ANF H=@ I

% =FHAIA J= = ?

@AIIA JH=>= D HAII= J= @

IK= = FHE ?EF= ? => H=

IKCAIJ AI @A BKJKH I JH=>= D I = IAHA

&

+)2 67

1 64 ,7

'

. H = EI
AIJA ?=F JK ? HABAH @AI @A )KJ

I @A

@AC= A
A >=I= A J JA HE? = HAIFAEJ @ I B H = EI FHAA @A @ ? I KJE E =@ I

=FHAIA J= IA K ?

?E= AIIA AIJK@

?AEJ I > IE? I I >HA 4A@AI @A 2AJHE 2  A 4A

=J I -IJ ? IJE? I 5) 

 2

4A@AI @A 2AJHE

4A@AI @A 2AJHE 2 > AJEL @A @AI?HALAH @EI?HAJ IA @ FHE ?EF= @A K E?=

2AJHE

AJI

B H = EI ? IEIJA =I ?

=JA

JE? >=IA=@ A I

CH=B I GKA JA AIF= @A AIJ=@ I

@A =H A = = EI=H A JA =F E? LAEI A @A =CA JA

F HJ= A J @A IEIJA =I ? ? HHA JAI A =II ?H

-IJA B H = EI FH J ? A J @A I @A ?

IE@ = F = A JA KJE E =@ A

@ELAHI=I HA=I J=EI ? @A

A HA@A =HGKEJAJKH= @A ? A ? =J LA @ ? AI

FKJ=@ HAI IEIJA =I @EIJHE>K @ I F = A =

= KB=JKH=I LAHE ?=

A I JAIA @A ?EH?KEJ I @ECEJ=EI A GK=EIGKAH KJH I IEIJA =I

F II LA B= AH IA K = =L= E= ) AIJHKJKH= @A K = 2 K J @A JH= IE AI @A A T P  ) @A JH= IE




F IJ= F H K ? A?J=

K J @A KC=HAI @A

E =@ I 2 K

E =@=I 6 A K =@ I ? E =@ @A

K J @A =H? I @EHA?E

=@ I B H =@ I F H P T 
HAIF I LA F H @A I

I =H? I @EHA?E A A A J @A

I KC=HAI I JH= IE AI A =I JH= IE AI = I KC=HAI

@EII

=H?= J= >

?D= =@ @A J A LAEI > I

E@A JE ?=H =I JH= IE AI D=>E EJ=@=I = @EIF=H=H )I E =@ I @A ? K AH @A E@ @A

=H?=I @EIF

I KC=HAI @

K J
AH @A =H?=I

=H?=
E@ @A =@E?E

GKA =H?=I

HAFHAIA J=@ FA ?

M ) ?=@= @EIF=H @A K =

IK E@ @A J @ I I IAKI KC=HAI @A A JH=@= A K

=@ = J @ I I KC=HAI @A I= @=
= JH= IE
t

KC=HAI FHA@A?AII HAI GKA = E A J= KC=HAI IK?AII HAI = JH= IE t

+)2 67

. 4 ) 15

5 ,-

,-/) -

. H =

A JA F @A IA @A

E =H K = 4A@A @A 2AJHE ?

K = GK @HKF = @ JEF

P, T, W, M0 )

 

@A P = {p1 , ..., pn } K J EJ A

K J

EJ A

L= E @A KC=HAI T = (t1 , ..., tn )

K ?

? K J

L= E @A JH= IE AI IA @ P =H? IA = @EBAHA JA @A AH =H?=

T = W : (P T ) (T P ) N

@A =H? I A JHA KC=HAI A JH= IE AI K A JHA JH= IE AI A KC=HAI @ALE@= A JA F FAI @A K F @A IA @E AH F H E>AH@=@A @A E CK=CA ? K J @A =H?=I @EIF ? HHAH ANEIJA M0 HAFHAIA J= = E E?E= GKA

@AH=@ I +=I GKA AIJA =H? I KC=HAI LAEI

= JAI @ FHE AEH @EIF=H @A K = JH= IE

/H= ?= A JA

I KC=HAI I

HAFHAIA J=@ I F H ? H?K I =I JH= IE AI F H >=HH=I A I =H? I HAFHAIA J=@=I F H J A I @A JH @ I ? H?K I 5A = K K

@EHA?E

=@ I F H IAJ=I )I

=H?=I I

KC=H GK= GKAH ? @A K A L=E F=H= J ?

A?J=@ F H K = JH= IE FAI W (u, t) 5A = L K ANEIJA K

J IA W (u, t) > 0 A J
KC=H GK= GKAH ?

ANEIJA K

=H? GKA F=HJA

A?J=@ F H K = JH= IE FAI W (t, v )

J IA

W (t, v ) > 0 A J

=H? GKA F=HJA @A J A L=E F=H= L ?

7 = JH= IE

KC=H A

K = A JH=@= F=H= K = JH= IE GKAIJ ) = C= A JA K F=H= J=

IA ANEIJA K KC=H

=H? @EHA?E

=@ @ J=

KC=H F=H=

7 = A JH=@= F @A IAH HAFHAIA J=@= FA = IACKE JA K = I= @= @A K = JH= IE 2 H IK= LA KC=H A GKAIJ

K
IA ANEIJA

v P
K

T | W (v, u) > 0

=H? @EHA?E

=@ @= JH= IE

K = I= @= F @A IAH ? KC=HAI HAFHAIA J=@ I

HAFHAIA J=@= FA = IACKE JA @A A JH=@= @= JH= IE F H p2 A p3

vP

T | W (u, v ) > 0 ) .ECKH=  JA

t1 =FA =I

KC=H p1 A GK= J GKA I KC=HAI @A I= @= I

3K= @ K = JH= IE E

=H? F IIKE FAI F

=E H GKA AH A

A?AII HE

IK

@A F

=H?=I F=H= GKA AH @A =H?=I

J @EIF=HA

= LAH@=@A F=H= GKA J F II= @EIF=H=H

A?AII HE K

ECK= = L= H @ FAI @ =H?

J @ I I KC=HAI GKA I

A JH=@= F=H= AIJ= JH= IE

4-,-5 ,- 2-641
p1

t1

t2

p2

p3

p4

p5

t3

t4

t5

t6

p6 t7

p7

.ECKH=   4AFHAIA J=

/H

?= @A K = 4A@A @A 2AJHE

  ,EIF=H= @ 6H= IE AI

) ANA?K K ? @EIF=H =H?=I D=>E EJ=@= A

@A K = 4A@A @A 2AJHE =? ? HH= E K =

JA?A =JH=L I @ @EIF=H AIJA = D=>E EJ=@= GKAIJ

@A JH= IE AI JA D= =H?= K

2=H= GKA IAH AH @A

A?AII HE GKA K = JH= IE AGKEL= A JA = FAI @ =H? A =H?= K

2=H= K = JH= IE

IE@AH=@= D=>E EJ=@=

A?AII HE GKA J @ I I KC=HAI @A A JH=@= ? @EIF=H F @A ? HHAH A K = L=

7 = LA GKA K = JH= IE

J AIJA =

 IAH =JE CE@=

@EIF=H @A K = JH= IE I KC=HAI @A I= @= . H =

J GK= GKAH ?

=H?=I @ I KC=HAI @A A JH=@=I A CAH= ?

=H?=I

A JA F @A IA HAFHAIA J=H AII= FAH=

M W (p, t) + W (t, p)

@A M 7 = IAG =H?= ANEIJA K = IAG HL HA >A ?

L ?

K J @A

=H?= AI =F I

@EIF=H @= JH= IE

t IAH ABAJK=@=

?E= @A JH= IE AI GK=EIGKAH =H?= ?E= @A @EIF=H I = F=HJEH @= J @=I =I F II LAEI IAG

@EJ= K = IAG =H?=

?E= @A @EIF=H I IA = F=HJEH @A K =


=H?=

M1 =JE CA IA K = KJH=

Mk GK= GKAH 7 =
AIF=

Mk

@EJ= =JE C LA IA AI = ) HL HA @ I @= @ I

E E?E= M0 GKA AL= =J =

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A @A K = 2

.ECKH=  HAFHAIA J=

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA ? B H = @A JH= IE AI A JHA I

?E=I @A @EIF=H I A

+)2 67
p1
t1 M1 M0

. 4 ) 15

5 ,-

,-/) -

t2

p2 p3
t3 M3 t4
t5

p4 p5

M2

t6

p6 p3

p2 p7

M4

M5

M6

p6 p5
t6 t5

p4 p7

t4

t3

p6 p7
M7

.ECKH=

HL HA @A )JE CE>E E@=@A @= 4A@A @A 2AJHE @= .ECKH= 

E EJ=

> K @ AII  A 5ACKH=

= I=BA AII 

7 = 4A@A @A 2AJHE F @A =FHAIA J=H =I FH FHEA@=@AI @A E EJ=

A IACKH=

7 =2

@EJ=

E EJ=@=
K

K =FA =I E EJ=@= IA F=H= J @ I I AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI @ E EJA @A =H?=I IA @ AIIA K L= H EJ

@A

J @ I I KC=HAI @= HA@A JA

7 = 4A@A @A 2AJHE K = =H?= A

@EJ= IACKH= IA

E EJA

@AIJ= B H ECK= = 

JA

IA

NE

J @ I I KC=HAI

=H?=@ I @= HA@A A

GK= GKAH AIJ=@ =JE C LA

) C HEJ

5O > E? 6H=LAHI= 2AJHE

AJ =FHAIA J=@ A
=A

HAIF AIF=

I LA F H CAH=H = =I ? >E JA @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA AIJA = C HEJ  ANJA I AI A J= J

HL HA @A =JE CE>E E@=@A @A K = 2 @ ? F H @A HAIJHE 2 7 ANA F FH JE?

A =H = A

K = AIJHKJKH= @A *,, - J - JHAJ= J

= AI @A ?= E D I =H = A =@ I = AIJHKJKH= @A *,, HAFHAIA J= ANE>E@ FA = .ECKH= IA = E EJ=@= A IACKH= = FHA EII= @A GKA = 2

= LAH@=@A ANEIJA IACKH=I

@ ) C HEJ

5O > E? 6H=LAHI= 2AJHE

AJ F=H=

?=I @A HA@AI IAH =FHAIA J=@ ?

IAH > AJEL @A AIJK@ @AIIA JH=>= D

=EI @AJ= DAI

4-,-5 ,- 2-641

 ! 4A@AI @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?=I

B H = EI J= @A =CA

@A 4A@AI @A 2AJHE 2  @AI?HALA I E ? KE ? @ ? ?AEJ I @A JA F F HJ= A J @A

A JA = AIJHKJKH= ?

CE?= @A IEIJA =I F EI F=FA B= IA A?AII HE

6 @=LE=

?AEJ @A JA F F IIKE K

E F HJ= JA = @AI?HE @A IAH HAFHAIA J=@

KEJ I IEIJA =I A F H AII= H=

) E ? KI

@ ? AA

?AEJ @A JA F KJJ 

B H = EI

@A 4A@AI @A 2AJHE GKA B E FHE AEH= A JA $ ? DA?E@ ?

E JH @K E@ F H

AH E A .=H>AH $ A K>AHA =JHE>KE K JEL J H ? " ' K J "

4A@AI @A
@EIF=H @=I @A J @=I =I F EI

2AJHE 6A F HE =@=I 62  -II= FHE AEH= => H@=CA


JH= IE AI ANEIJA JAI A @ALE@ = AIIA HA= E@=@AI ) =JHE>KE E F HJ= JA - J AIJ= FAH EJA = HAFHAIA J= @A K

JA F

N F=H=

K IA E A ?EA JA F=H= HAFHAIA J= =E H @A HA= E@=@AI = GK=

@A L= HAI L=HE LAEI = @EIF=H @=I JH= IE AI J H

K IA A?AII HE

B=J H JA F L=HE LA

E E?E K IA I FHE AEH I AIJK@ I I >HA 4A@AI @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?=I 52 

@AJ= D=@= A JA @ ?K A J=@ I A

4A@AI @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?=I 52  @= =II ?E= HA@A AIIA @AJAH E EI @A K L ? A IE ?H ?AEJ E = = @A =CA

B H = EI A ?E= A =L= E=

@A

@A =CA

@A 4A@AI @A 2AJHE =?HAI?E@ @EIF=H @A ?=@= JH= IE ? HH ?E= @=

JA F @EIJHE>K @ ANF B= IA F II LA

A JA F=H=

@A IEIJA =I A L LA @ ?

p1 p3 t3 p4 t1 p2

t4

t2

.ECKH= !  -NA F

@A K = 4A@A @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?=

"

+)2 67

. 4 ) 15

5 ,-

,-/) -

) AIJHKJKH= @A K = 4A@A @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?= F IIKE I A JA FA = -GK= ?=@= pi HAFHAIA J= K @A  F H =?HAI?E@ @ ? K J ANA F A = @A @EIF=H I @=I JH= IE AI ) .ECKH= ! =FHAIA J= K KC=H ?=@= ti K = JH= IE

AI

I A A A J I @AI?HEJ I = JAHE H

l1 l2

lm GKA HAFHAIA J= =I J=N=I


@A

@A 4A@A @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?=

A JA A =I J=N=I @A @EIF=H

F=H= =I JH= IE AI t1 t2 t3 A t4 HAIFA?JEL= A JA +=>A I= EA J=H GKA F=H= ?=@= JH= IE ANEIJA K = J=N= @A @EIF=H GKA @AJAH E = E JAHL= @A JA F

t@
@EIF=H

@E A JHA

@=I JH= IE AI

5)

4A@AI @A )KJ

=J I -IJ ? IJE? I

B H = EI A ? =KJ

@A 4A@AI @A )KJ

=J I -IJ ? IJE? I 5)  B E FH F IJ F H 2 =JA=K IEIJA = ? ?E= ?=IE K = ? A =J GKA I @A IK>IEIJA =I ? @A E@ F H K @EIF=H=@=I =JH=L I = +=@= IK>IEIJA =

'&# A IK= E@ E= > IE?=

HAFHAIA J=H K

F HJ= A J E @AFA @A JA A E JAH@AFA @

=J AIJ ? IJE? A F H JH= IE AI A JHA I AIJ=@ I @AIJA =KJ

@A ALA J I = AIJ=I =II ?E=@=I

7 B H = EI

=KJ

=J

K J

EJ @A AIJ=@ I K J= A JA ? ) @A JA F E = ANF JH=J=@ ? A ?E= 

K J

EJ @A JH= =J I AIJA

IE AI A JHA AIJAI AIJ=@ I !  @ALA IA = B=J @A GKA @A JA F ?

AIJ ? IJE? I =JHE>K @= = I =KJ

K = L=HE LA = A=J HE= GKA = AI?= =

J K= >A@A?A K = @EIJHE>KE

)I FH NE =I IK>IA AI @AIJA +=F JK EI 5) = F AN I @A @A IJH=H ? @EJ I ?

=FHAIA J=H

?AEJ I > IE? I HABAHA JAI = B H = A JA

AIJ= => H@=CA

?=F= @A @AI?HALAH IEIJA =I =JK=

5)

4-,-5 ,- )76

)6 5 -56 + 561+ 5

 -IJ=@ I

?=EI A / >=EI

B H = EI HAIA J= @ @A @A 2 H

5)

KJE E = IA @=I

AI @A AIJ=@ A @A JH= IE AI A JHA I AIJ=@ I F=H= HAF HA =?E =@=I = =FA =I K AI 5) E? =KJ =J HA =?E =@ I = JA F = L HE I =KJ =J I @

@ I ALA J I -NEIJA J= > F @A ANEIJEH

JH= IE AI GKA AIJ

JH= IE AI GKA AIJ

? HHA @ @A =? H@ ?

J=N=I AIFA? ?=I ) FH NE = IK>IA

ANF E?=H A

@AJ= DAI I JEF I @A JH= IE AI ANEIJA JAI A =J

AIJ=@ E @ELE@K= @A ?=@= =KJ 5) 5) @A E@ ? =? >E =

?D= =@ @A AIJ=@

?=

AIJ=@ C >= @A K =
=J ? F A JA @=

@A J @ I I AIJ=@ I

?=EI @A ?=@= =KJ

6EF I @A 6H= IE AI

)I EC= AI ANEIJA JAI A JHA I AIJ=@ I @A K ?E=@ =I JH= IE AI ANEIJA A IAKI HAIFA?JEL I ALA J I F @A

=KJ

=J I

@A

E =@=I @A JH= IE AI )II ? HHAH )I JH= IE AI B H A ANF E?=@ = IACKEH @A E = JAI 5)

ALA J I GKA @AJAH E = IAH ? =IIE ?=@=I A @E ?=H

GK= @ AIJ=I F @A @EBAHA JAI JEF I ?

, EI JEF I @A JH= IE AI F @A

AIJ=@ C >= @A K ?=EI @E ?= @A

JH= IE AI
=KJ =J IE K

?=EI A JH= IE AI IE ?H
@ @A A = AIJ=I AIJ AIJ=@ @A J= A= A JA

E = JAI 6H= IE AI
=II ?E=@ I ALA J I =EI @A K =KJ

AIJ=@ @A =FA =I K A = AIJ=I AIJ

?=EI 6H= IE AI IE ?H

@E ?=

=J @

=II ?E=@ I ALA J I

IE ?H

E = JAI
?=EI A IE ?H E JAHL= @A E = JAI F @A J= > IAH ?D= =@=I @A JH= IE AI BK F @A ANEIJEH J=N=I ?

) >=I JH= IE AI

?E

=EI 1IJ

? HHA F H GKA =II ?E=@ = @EIF=H @= JH= IE @A @EIF=H =II ?E=@ = AIJ=

IJ= JAI GKA @AJAH E = - J

GK= GKAH ALA J @

F @A JAH =II ?E=@ K = J=N= ? -II= BK

IJ= JA 

AH HA= F IE

JEL  K K = J=N= BK ?E

= =L= E=@= F H K = BK

@AFA @A @ AIJ=@ @ I @A =EI

$ =KJ K ?E =KJ CAH=H BK ?E =J I A HAIK J= A =EI E F A =EI K@= @E ?= K

+)2 67

. 4 ) 15

5 ,-

,-/) -

AH HA= F IEJEL GKA @AJAH E = IA K =EI I =KJ =J I @ +=F JK @E

@AJAH E =@ ALA J AIJ IJ= JAI J=N=I BK @A " AL=H A A ? IAG K IA = J=N=I I AIJ=@ I @ I ? J= AII= ?E= F=H=

=FJ = @EIF=H=H ,EBAHA JA A JA @A JH= IE AI =II ?E=@=I = J=N=I ? =I @A AIJ=@ K E@EHA?E =FA =I AIJ=@ @ =KJ = C HEJ ? =J = GK= AIJ= FAHJA ?A A FH F IJ K J @A AIJ=@ I ?

=J I = I GK=EI A = @AFA @A 455 @A K @A 5)

E F HJ= JA FHA EII= =

@A @AJAH E =H

! -IJHKJKH= @A K = 5)

) AIJHKJKH= @A K = 5)

FHAA @A K

K J @A =KJ

=J I A K

K J @A ALA J I

E A K = BK
JEF

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A F . H =

A JA K = 5)

HAFHAIA J=@= F H K = JKF = @

5)
@A

) - .

 !

K
!

K J @A =KJ

=J I GKA ?

FHAA @A N =KJ

=J I

A=@ I A(i)

@A i

[1..N ] E F
K

K J @A ALA J I ? ?

F IJ F H E ALA J I

A=@ I ej

@A j [1..E ]

"

K = BK

dom(S ) A codom([0..1])
@A

@A dom(S ) HAFHAIA J= J @ I =I F IIE>E L= H =II ?E=@ = BK @A  K

E@=@AI @A AIJ=@ I C >=EI @  AIF=


!

A codom([0..1])

@A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ 255 A


=@ J=@= = K J @ I

5)

@A

E@ ?
J=

N (i) i=1 S

@A S
E JAHL=

K J @A
@A i =J j

@A? HHAH @AIJA JH=>= D

J=

i j HABAHE @ IA = K

AH

E ? KIELA FAHJA ?A @ = ?

AH I =JKH=EI A =

i j HABAHE @ IA = K

AH FAHJA ?A JA

= E JAHL= i A j E ? KIELA ? K J @ I AH I HA=EI " ? JANJ @AIJA JH=>= D KI= IA = AJH= e F=H= IA E@A JE ?=H K F= =LH= F @AHE= IAH KI=@= IA FAH@= @A CA AH= E@=@A

ALA J

F H

GK= GKAH KJH= AJH= K

5)

4-,-5 ,- )76

)6 5 -56 + 561+ 5

% K J S (i)

AIJ=@ I  ?=EI @ =KJ

=J A(i) A | S (i) |

AH @A AIJ=@ I ?=H@E = E@=@A @ ?

) @A FA = BK

@A GK=EI AIJ=@ I F @A

IAH =JE C LAEI K = ?= JH HE AIJ= =II ?E= @AHA ?

=@ I A L= H 0

@A =H?= @

5) I?

@=@=

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A ) BK =JE C LAEI +=I ?


@A 5) F H

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A F =II ?E= = I AIJ=@ I C >=EI @A P SS

L= H 1 IA A AI I I ANA F JA A =JE C LAEI = K @A

E =J

E C LAEI *=IE?= A JA = BK

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A JA ? HHAIF GKA HAFHAIA J= K

E JKEJ @A A E E =H I AIJ=@ I C >=EI GKA = HA= E@=@A ANFHAII=@= F H AIJA 2 H F=HJE D= A J @A HA?KHI I @A AH @A HA?KHI I B H

IEIJA = @A ?

IA N ? EA JAI @EIFKJ= @ R HA?KHI I H GKA AH @A ? EA JAI F @AH IAH =JE C LA

B ?E @A E =CE =H IA GKA IA

AIJ=@ C >= GKA HAFHAIA J= J @ I I ? EA JAI KJE E = @ K

HA?KHI

RSS
@A

IK>?

K J @A P SS GKA ? K J @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA

FHAA @A J @ I I AIJ=@ I x J=EI GKA F ( x) = 1

E =@ I @A ?

" -NA F

@A

@A

5)

) .ECKH= " A GK=JH ALA J I IE ! ? BK ?E = ) E JAHFHAJ= J=N= IA =KJ

ANA F

@A

@A

5)

@ EI =KJ J=

=J I K

ALA J IE ?H

E = JA e2  ? IJ= JA A

?=EI e1 e3 e4 e5  @= BK

AIJA ANA F

= J=N= @ ALA J e1 @ AIJ=@ 0(1) F=H= =KJ =J A(2) AIJ

A JA @A =KJ

E@= FA = J=N= fe1 @AI?HEJ= FA =

KJE E =@= FA = BAHH= A J= 2-25 AIJ=@ 1(1) AIJ=@ ? HHA J=N= = AEH= ? F=?J=

f @A

@EIF=H @= JH= IE AIJ=@ 0(2)

=J A(2) AIJ

K J=N= IA AI @EIF

2(2) 5A

=J A(2) AIJ

AIJ=@ 1(2) = JH= IE KI @A BK

@ AIJ=@ 0(1) F=H= 1(1) E>E E = K =

ECK= = AH  K IE ?H

E F HJ= JA >IAHL=H GKA

A AN LA @A @AI?HALAH ? E = JA

F HJ= A J I = JAH =JEL I =JH=L I @ KI @A K

IE F AI ALA J  ?=

) .ECKH= # @A +I

IJH= = +=@AE= @A

=H L  + AGKEL= A JA F=H= AIJ=@ E E?E= I

@A

5)

=FHAIA J=@

FA = .ECKH= " )IIK E @ GKA

AIJ=@ 0(1) 0(2)

A JA # @ I $ AIJ=@ I @AIIA

=JE C LAEI 2=H= HAFHAIA J=H J= ?=H=?JAH IJE?=

A?AII HE HAFHAIA J=H I AIJ=@ I

&
A(1)
0(1)

+)2 67
A(2)
0(2) e4 e2 1
(1)

. 4 ) 15

5 ,-

,-/) -

6EF ?

-LA J

6=N=

e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

fe1

e2 (1 ) e2 (2 ) e5

e1 2
(2)

IO ? ? ?

1 e3

(2)

fe1 =

st A(2) == 0(2) +

st A(2) == 2(2)

.ECKH= "  -NA F

@A

@A

5)

C >=EI =JE C LAEI =JH=L I @ KI @A K = BK >JA @A K = BK =IFA?J F H A = LAH@=@A = J=HAB= @A @A J= LA IA = @ @A =JE CE>E E@=@A IA = @A E @A K = BK

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A 6 @=LE= A @A @A =JE CE>E E@=@A F=H= F II LA A ? IAH ?

= CK I ?=I I = 5) @A KI

GKA HAFHAIA JA I AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI @

K = J=HAB= JHELE= @A I ?HE=@ I A +=I = BK K

I A ? H= =@ H F=H= AI? D= @ KI @AIIA B H = EI E@= =E @= =IIE

JH=H IA J @ I I AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI

J @=I =I F IIE>E E@=@AI FHA?EI=

FKJ=@=I JH= A @ =IIE

@AIA =@ = IEIJA =

0(1) 0(2)

2
0(1) 2(2) 1(1) 0(2)

1
0(1) 1(2)

1(1) 2(2)

1(1) 1(2)

.ECKH= #  +=@AE= @A

=H L -GKEL= A JA =

@A

5)

@= .ECKH= "

IE@AH= @

@A

ANE>E@ FA = .ECKH= # = BK

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A @ALA >HEC=J HE=

A JA AN? KEH

AIJ=@ C >= 1(1) 1(2) A F @A IAH HAFHAIA J=@= F H

F =!

st A(1) == 1(1) && st A(2) == 1(2)

5)

4-,-5 ,- )76

)6 5 -56 + 561+ 5

'

B=J )

5)

KI @A ANFHAII AI BK ?E AI A

=EI @A 5) ?

AIJ AIJHEJ= A JA E EJ=@ = J=N=I @A ALA F @A J= > IAH ANFHAII=@=I F H BK F AN I @A K = B H = ? =EI JA @A I 5) AI ,A F=?J= I IE@AH=@ K = F @AH I= ?=H=?JAH IJE?= @AIIA IEC E ?=JEL= = C HEJ

J I 2H >=>E E@=@AI @A H JA= A J @ = F IIE>E E@=@A @A KI @A BK @EII ?KIJ ? FKJ=?E B H = EI

K = LA GKA FAH EJA = @AI?HE

@A IEIJA =I ?

= F=H= CAHA ?E= A J @A J=N=I BK ?E HE?=I F=H=

A JA @A?HAI?E@ ?

@AIA L LE A J @A I K AI K

F=H= FH @KJ I JA I HE=EI CA AH= E =@ I ! -IJA +=F JK AIJA JH=>= D J ? E?= @A JE E = EI =FHAIA J K K B H = EI @A A >=I= A J JA HE? = HAIFAEJ @ I B H = EI @A =CA @A 4A@AI @A 2AJHE @A AIJ=@ I AIJA =F E?=@= & % I AIJK@=@ I B H = B ? @A

HABAHA ?E= @A AIJK@ F=H= K = LA GKA

@ =H = A = A J @ AIF= =J I -IJ ? IJE? I I +=F JK I EH

@A 4A@AI @A )KJ

= L FHE ?EF= @AIJA JH=>= D =FHAIA J=H A @A 2

@A AIJK@ F=H= FH F IE AIJ=@ I =JE C LA @A AIF= B H = EI @A 5) I FH NE

@A J ? E?= IE E =H F=H= JE E = B H = EI

@ =H = A = A J @ AIF=

=EI @AJ= DAI = J ? E?= @A JE E = A = FH F IJ= @A J ? E?= IE E =H F=H=

@A AIJ=@ I ANEIJA JA F=H=

!

+)2 67

. 4 ) 15

5 ,-

,-/) -

!

! ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI
-IJA ?=F JK CAH=H 455 F=H= AIJ >=IA=@

K JE L= H=@= F=H= 52
HABAH A ?E= AIIA JH=>= D K = AIJHKJKH= @A & % HAIF I LA F H

=FHAIA J= = J ? E?= KJE E =@= ? B H = EI @A 52 A =H = A I JH=>= D I FH F IJ I F H

,, -IJA AIJK@

E AH A +E=H@

!

,, F=H= 52

,=@ =CA A I ? A

FH > A = @= ANF I CAH= A =

@ AIF=

@A AIJ=@ I ANEIJA JA AIJA =

I B H = EI

I @A

@A @

AIJK@ @A J ? E?=I = JAH =JEL=I GKA = IAH B ? @A AIJK@

=II ?E=@=I = A?AIIE@=@A @A @A AIJ=@ I @ I

=H = A = A J @A AIJHKJKH=I @A @=@ I @A J= = D FH F H?E

= = AIF=

52

= KJE E = *,, ?

@A ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI IEIJA A IAKI

*E

HE= *,,  $ IKHCA ? =JE C LA @A K @ I @= AIJHKJKH= =EI =

K = AIJHKJKH= @A  *=IE HE I JAEH I

@A @=@ I = JAH =JEL= ?=F= @A =H = A =H =FA =I = F H ?= A JA K J=EI ?

K = AIJHKJKH= @A @=@ I GKA =H = A = =FA =I L= HAI >E @ I ) HA = I A JHA I @ I LE E D I @=@= F H F

  A

@A A ?=@A= A J

GKA @AJAH E =

=@ A =>=EN HAIFA?JEL= A JA IAKI @ I = AIJHKJKH= 52 E EJ= IA J= >

,ALE@ = E F IIE>E E@=@A @A =H = A =H IA L= HAI @EBAHA JAI @A  A  A @A *,, GK= @ =F E?=@= = =H = A = A J @A AIF= = HAFHAIA J=H I ?D= =@= @A CH=B =? ? E? @EHAJ ,)/ ) .ECKH= $ HAFHAIA J= F=HJA @ = IAH IACKE@ GK= @ =L= E= @= BK F=H= *,, AGKEL= A JA = BK @ I L= H =L= E=@ @= BK A JA 4A@AI @A 2AJHE E EJ=@=I A 5ACKH=I 

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA A

) AIJHKJKH= @A *,,

f ANFHAII= FA = 6=>A = 
D I =EI = AIGKAH@= HAFHAIA J= @ I D I

I =H? I GKA ?= E D  B= I  =

@  K AIJ=@  H=E x1 F=H= I

f F=H= =I L=HE LAEI x1 x2 K x3


@ H=E

- GK= J GKA I =H? I GKA F=HJA

@= H=E x1 F=H= I

=EI = @EHAEJ= HAFHAIA J=

L= H  LAH@=@AEH  2=HJE @ IA @

A IACKE @ IA I =H? I

! =J ?DAC=H IA = I ?=@= LA 

+)2 67

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 52

@ I

D I ANEIJA JAI @A =? H@ ?

L= H =JHE>K @ F=H= = L=HE LA xn A

F II LA ?DAC=H IA = L= H  K  =L= E=@ FA = BK

f HAFHAIA J=@ FA I

@ I

JAH E =EI  A  @= AIJHKJKH= @A *,,

x1 0 x2 0 x3 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 x3 1 1 0 0 x3 1 1 0 0 0 1 x2 1 x3 1 1

.ECKH= $  -NA F

@A ,E=CH= = @A ,A?EI

*E

HE= F=H= .K

6=>A =   .K

f HAFHAIA J=@= FA

,E=CH= = @A ,A?EI

*E

HE=

f x1 x2 x3

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

    > AJEL @A F AN I F EI

AIJK@ @A *,, =F E?=@ = B H = EI = ELE=H AIJA = FH > A = @= ANF I A= @ AIF= =H = A = A J @A =FA =I

@A 4A@AI @A 2AJHE -IJ ? IJE?= JALA @A AIJ=@ I F=H= IEIJA =I CH= @AI A ? 455 @ @A

,A B=J @=@ I

JH=>= D I F IJAHE HAI =FHAIA J=@ I F H

E AH A +E=H@

& % A E IFEH=@ I AIIA KI @A K = AIJHKJKH= @A

FHE AEH ANFAHE A J HA= E =@ ? =EI F @AH I= @A

= AIJHKJKH= @A *,, FH F A

E =@= @A ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI

K JE 8= H=@=  ,, 

,,

K = ANJA I IAKI

@= AIJHKJKH= @A *,, F=H= I

CE?= >

A= =

>E

HE= 7

,,

F @A =H = A =H A

@ I  K AIJ=@ I L= HAI E JAEH I GK=EIGKAH J=EI ? @ I @= AIJHKJKH= HAFHAIA J= I F II LAEI L= HAI GKA AIJ=I F @A

 
=IIK EH )

 ) = C= A JA = AIJHKJKH= @A *,,

=I L=HE LAEI @ IEIJA =

A GK= J GKA I =H? I  K E D=I HAFHAIA J=

!

,, 2)4) 52

!! ,, AIJ=H E EJ=@ = =H = A =H =FA =I L= HAI >E ,, GKA HAFHAIA J= = BK E HE I

CH= @A @EBAHA L= HAI E JAEH I

= @ IA = B=J @A

 K  ) .ECKH= % ANA F E ?= K = AIJHKJKH=

A JHA JH I

E = > ?

a 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 c 2 2 1 2 1 c b b 2 2

.ECKH= % 

,, F=H= BK

min(a, b, c)

2=HJE @ IA @ I @ I JAH E =EI GK= @ a =IIK A

@ H=E A IACKE @ L= H 0 =H? ?

I ?= E D I ANEIJA JAI HAFHAIA J=@ I FA I =H? I =J L= H E A JHA a b A c 2 H ANA F @ JAH E = 0 =H? F IIKE =EI = KJH ?= E D= A J L= H 2 =H? L= H @A c

F II LA @AJAH E =H IA GK=

L= H 0 EC= = H=E a @EHAJ =

AIGKAH@= K = LA GKA ANEIJA JA =IIK A GKA a JA IA = 0 =H?

A?AII HE JAIJ=H I @A =EI L= HAI @A b A c L= H 2 =H? =EI = @EHAEJ= A b J= > AE  E I L= HAI A JHA a b A c E II FHA?EI =L= E=H

=EI = @EHAEJ= @A b F HJ= J =E @=

L= H @A c )IIK E @ GKA

=EI = AIGKAH@= K 1 =H? @ JH HE IA L= H @A c B H 2

HAIFA?JEL= A JA 0 K

1 +=I ?

2 HJ= J

= ?=H=?JAH IJE?= @EBAHA ?E= =FHAIA J=@= FA = AIJHKJKH= @A =H = A =@ I @A AIF= @A =CA I 52 @A AIJ=@ I F=H= B H = EI @A

,, FAH EJA GKA L= HAI =EI F @AH I= 52 ) 5A @A E KIJH=H @A =CA ,, =

E JAEH I GK=EIGKAH IA = >EJ @A HAFHAIA J= !

@ I @= AIJHKJKH= -IJA J H = = KJE E = @ = AIJHKJKH= @A

EH =FHAIA J=H ANA F I @A

= J ? E?= =GKE HABAHA ?E=@=

+ GKA HA

?AEJ I @A JE E = = A A D H=

I ECK=

IA FHA E F HJ= JAI @A IAHA CAH=

A ?E

=@ I A =L= E=@ I K = LA A HA@K FHALE= A JA ,, =JE = IK=

J ? E?=I A

JE E = AI @A H@A =

=> H@=@=I F=H= *,,I I

A JA E F HJ= JAI F=H= GKA K = AIJHKJKH= @A

!" B H = =EI ?

+)2 67

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 52

F=?J= F II LA -IJ= 

KIK=

A JA @A
F=?J= @A J @ ? A @A H

E =@= @A B H = ?=

E?=

I=>E@ GKA FH FHE= A JA @=I HA = CK AD H H

= >=I AIJHKJKH=I @A *,, A H@A =@=I A HA@K E@=I $ CH=I @A HA@K @A H@A @A A ?E ?HEJ HE AIJ=>A A?E@ ,A B=J =@=I A

,, I =JE CA  I >HA K ANEIJA K =EI ?

= IK= B H = ?= ,, IJH=

E?= IA AIJELAHA

FH ?AII @A ?

? HHA =JH=L I @= =F E?= H@A =@ @A =? H@ ? EH GK= GKA = >JA @=

DA?E@ F=H= @A

A D H ?HEJ HE A JA =JE CE@= B H = EI @A

= IAH =F E?=@

-IJK@ I HA= E =@ I =J A J F=?J= K ?

GKA J H = = AIJHKJKH=

AH @A AIJ=@ I I +=F JK =EI =FH FHE=@ F=H=

=JH=L I @ JAIJA @A J @=I =I F IIE>E E@=@AI ANEIJA JAI $ >KI?= @A K = DAKH IJE?= GKA @AJAH E A 5) ) AIJHKJKH= @A = HAFHAIA J= =FA =I ? @ AIF= @A AIJ=@ I ?HEJ HE @A H@A @A

$ EH ANAH?EJ=H AII= E@ E= A A E E =@ I IA = JAH=H

,, H@A =@= A HA@K E@= AIJ=@ I HA@K @= JAI I

E =@= @A ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI @A? HHAH @AIIA AIJK@ =

K JE 8= H=@= E?=

H@A =@ A 4A@K E@ 4

,,  6 @=LE=

AI = IAH HABAHA ?E=@= = IK= B H = ?=

,, F EI J @=I =I AIJHKJKH=I =GKE =FHAIA J=@=I AIJ=H

52

?HEJ HE @A H@A = CK ?HEJ HE =@E?E CAH=

AIJ=>A A?E@ I > K ?HEJ HE @A F=HJE

@A ?

FHALE= A JA F=HJE?E

=@ @A

=? H@ ? @ B=J @ = C HEJ @A

IE@AH=@ K = J=HAB= E @AFA AIJK@ @ ?HEJ HE @A F=HJE A =H = A = A J A @ALA ,A AH @A @EIF IJ I ,, ) 5A 52 LAEI @= I ! LAEI EH

@A JA GKA @ALA IAH HAI LE@= = FHE HE 5ACK @ HAGKAH AIB H = = @A E IAH JH=J=@ A AIJHKJKH= @A AI? F AIFA? ? ,, E

E AH A +E=H@ @ = C HEJ @A 52 F=?J=

@A CAH= HAFHAIA J=H

F H =FHAIA J=H K E@=I F=H= A GKA I IK> AH @A AIJ=@ I

JA = L=IJ F=H= AIJK@ A ANFAHE A J @= AIJHKJKH= A

AH @A F=HJE AI @A  )E @= = H@A KA ?E=H @A F=HJE?E ANA F

KA ?E= @ @EHAJ= A JA = ?

= ? HHAJK@A

@A I K IK>IEIJA =I I = @= AIJHKJKH= @A @A

@= AIJHKJKH= EH E =FHAIA J=H K

= A J A H@A = A J F=H= K

) C HEJ @A =? H@ ?

 FH F IJ A = CK

& @A

IJH= ?

>JAH @A 52

,, =JH=L I @= IE K = B E F=HJE?E

@ @EI

F=H @=I JH= IE AI @A K = 52

-IJA =IIK A GKA

=@ A H@A =@

?HEJ HE FH AIJ=>A A?E@

A B=JE = @ @AII= B H = AII=I AJ=F=I

FHE AEH F=II FH F IJ FA LA GKA AIJ=I =BAJ= I A J =FA =I @EIF=H=@=I  E D= $

) C HEJ

  E D= !

@EIF=H @A JH= IE AI =EI @A K

?=EI K = E = JAI IK>IEIJA =

IK>IEIJA =

?= = GK= FAHJA ?A

)I JH= IE AI IE ?H

C =F I =BAJ= @ IE K J= A= A JA

-:- 2

,-

,- )/-

!#

) C HEJD
 S M0

,,-NF HAM0  E E?E= E = 5  =H?=

E E?E=  ?=EI K J @A =H?=I GKA D=>E EJ= = JH= IE

HAFA=J
! " # $ % & '  

S DoLocals(S ) OS

@EIF=H= JH= I ? ?

CK=H@= 455 = JEC

Intersect(S, (t)) F F ire(xk , , t) S U nion(S, F ) F

t t @EIF=H=H

K J @A

=H?=I =JE CE@=I =F I = JH= IE

=@E?E

=F =S

EB (O == S ) JDA
HAJKH S

A @ EB K JE B HALAH
= C HEJ FAH = A?A A K

*=IE?= A JA ?H @A ,,

F IE K = @

@EIF=H @A JH= IE AI

?=EI A IE = AIJHKJKH=

E = JAI =J GKA

AIF=

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA 455 IA = CAH=@ A =H = A =@

-NA F

@A

@A =CA

-IJ= IA J ? IJE?= ?

=FHAIA J= K = HAFHAIA J=

ANA F @ AIF=

@A IEIJA = KJE E = @

@A =CA

4A@AI @A 2AJHE -I ,,

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA KJE E = @ = AIJHKJKH= @A F=HJE D= A J @A HA?KHI I AIJ=@ 7IE C A AIIA @A

) .ECKH= & E KIJH= K FH ?AII I ?

IEIJA = @A ?

ANEIJA

F=HJE D= @ 4 HA?KHI I +=@= IK>IEIJA = F IIKE @ EI KC=HAI Si GKA HAFHAIA J= KI  =H?=I ANEIJA JAI =H?=I @EIF IE ?H LAEI A E = JAI AH @A HA?KHI I @EIF AH @A HA?KHI I A KJE E = LAEI A GK= J GKA

AIJ=@ 5 AAFE C  ?E I  A Ui HAFHAIA J= @ KC=H 45 HAFHAIA J=

47 HAFHAIA J=
A JHA I i IE ) .ECKH= &

)I JH= IE AI tai A tri I

I FH ?AII I A I HA?KHI I
CA HE?= F=H= FH ?AII I A 4 HA?KHI I =I J A I? ANA F IJHK I L= HAI @A

@A N = 4 " FH ?AII I A R = 2  HA?KHI I ?

F=HJE D=@ I F=H= = ?

@ AIF=

!$

+)2 67

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 52

S1

... ... ... ...

SN

RS R

ta1

taN

U1

UN

RU

tr1

trN

.ECKH= &  +

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I

@A

4A@AI @A 2AJHE

AIJ=@ I =JE C LA 2HE AEH= A JA = 52 @= J ? E?= @A ,, AIIA ?=I

FHA?EI= IAH F=HJE?E

=@= A JH =

IK>IEIJA =I F=H= =F E?= I HA?KHI I HAFHAIA J= IA K KJH

?HEJ HE @A F=HJE

=IIK A GKA ?=@= FH ?AII HAFHAIA J= K J J= @A # IK>

IK>IEIJA =  KC=HAI 5 A 7  A GK= J GKA I KC=HAI GKA ? IK>IEIJA =  KC=HAI 45 A 47  - J IEIJA =I + IAG A JA A JA AH @A

F=H= L= HAI @A N = 4 - R = 2 JA LAEI @= AIJHKJKH= @A

,, JAH K

J J= @A # 

#

) E => H@=CA

@A LAHE ?=H IA = H@A =IIK A GKA

GKA I IK>IEIJA =I I

HAFHAIA J=@ I = AIJHKJKH= @A @=@ I AIJK@=@=I ) FHE AEH= = H=E @= AIJHKJKH=  LAEI

KA ?E= K

AH @A AIJ=@ I A?AII HE I @K=I => H@=CA I B H= IK>IEIJA = GKA ? JH = I HA?KHI I @EIF




LA # IACKE@ HAIFA?JEL= A JA FA I 2H ?AII I "  LA 


) IACK @= => H@=CA =IIK A GKA = H=E 

LA " LA

! 

LA !
= A JA

LA

 A 

E E?E=@= FA

2H ?AII  

LA # IACKE@
IK>IEIJA =

HAIFA?JEL= A JA FA I 2H ?AII I GKA ? JH = I HA?KHI I @EIF

LA " !  LA 

LA ! A " 

A

LAEI 

) 6=>A =

=FHAIA J= = ? @E ?=

KJE E =@= = ?HE=

@= AIJHKJKH= @A

,, =FHAIA J=@=

FA =I .ECKH=I ' A 

)I ?E ? FHE AEH ? K =I @= 6=>A = A= JE = ? K = =FHAIA J= = ? @E ?=

HAFHAIA J= KJE E =@= A

?=@= K ?=@= K

@ I @ I

LAEI @= AIJHKJKH= @A LAEI   K 

,,

2H ?AII

 ? K =  HAFHAIA J= I KC=HAI S1 A U1 A IK= ? @E ?=

ANFHAII= >=IE?= A JA @ EI AIJ=@ I

-:- 2

,-

,- )/-

!%
F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I F=H= + IJHK @ ,,

6=>A =

 + @E ?=

@A

2H ?AII 

2H ?AII

2H ?AII !

2H ?AII "

4A?KHI 45 47   

+ @E ?= =  

S1 , U1
  =

S2 , U2
  =

S3 , U3
  = ?E I

S4 , U4
  = L= H @A ? @E ?= KI

@EIJE J I 3K= @ 2H ?AII  AIJ

HAFHAIA J=@ F H 0

K IA =

S1  A U1  2 H U1  -II= 2

GK= @

2H ?AII  AIJ A

L= H @= ? @E ?=

K IA = S1  A

AI = ? @E ?=

KJE E =@= F=H= J @ I I @A =EI 2H ?AII I

! A " ) ? @E ?= A?AIIEJ= KC=HAI

=F E? LA = I 2H ?AII I A

HAFHAIA J=@= F H n/a K = LA GKA A?AIIEJ= IA =FA =I @A HAIFA?JEL= A JA

@ EI L= HAI @EIJE J I F=H= HAFHAIA J=H =I F IIE>E E@=@AI ANEIJA JAI ) ? K = 4A?KHI @A JH I ? @E ?= AI @EIJE J=I ANFHAII=I FA I L= HAI 0 1 K 2 GKA IEC E ?= @ EI KC=HAI @EIF @EIF LAEI A @ EI A LAEI A AH A KI   KI   K KC=H @EIF LA A K A KI   A AH

2=H= = > I I ?=I I @K=I CKH=I @A ANE>E@=I HACH=I @A JE E = IK>IEIJA = @A ? IK= B H = ?=

,, HAFHAIA J= @ ,, A

AIF=

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA I IA = =F E?= @=I ,, A

)I .ECKH=I ' = A  = =FHAIA J= JH A @A HA?KHI I = H=E 

B=IA E E?E=

F=H= HAIFA?JEL= A JA = FHE AEH= FH ?AII 

= H=E  A IACK @= @EIF IE

=I .ECKH=I ' > A  > ANE>A

E?= F=H= = >=I

+ I

IE@AH= @ GKA J= J =I FAH= AI A?AII HE=I F=H= HA= E =H =I HA@K AI  JE E = @A K @A =E H AH @A @ I F=H= HAFHAIA J=H IA ,,I ? @ H=E >JALA K AI AIF= KI @AIA =@ I = IEIJA = =L= E= IA I @EIJE J I 2H ?AII  HAFHAIA J=

 ?

GKA = KJE E = FHE AEH= @EIF IE LA GKA ? F=H=@ ?

@A AIJ=@ I K =

IJHK @ I 2AH?A>A IA GKA = A D H HAIK J=@

AH @A HA@K AI A?AII HE=I B E @A =FA =I $ !# AIJ=@ I E E?E=EI ' AIJ=@ I AH @A HA@K AI A?AII HE=I F=H= = IACK @= @EIF IE

=EI

GKA B E @A % !& AI  - J AI

AIJ=@ I E E?E=EI
HABAHA JA = KJE E = F= A

 AIJ=@ I
@A A F=H=@ =

=EI )
H AH

@EII AH @A ?

AH

= @A

@ I @= FHE AEH= @EIF IE

@ I F II LA F=H= HAFHAIA J=H IA K JH=  AIJ=@ I @= IACK @= @EIF IE

@A AIJ=@ I ?

= @A AIJ=@ I =FHAIA J=@ FA = IACK @= @EIF IE

H ' AIJ=@ I F=H= = FHE AEH= @EIF IE

!&

+)2 67

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15
(a) 0 1

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 52

(b) 0 1

.ECKH= '  +

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I

,, 2HE AEH= ,EIF IE

@A JHA =I @K=I => H@=CA I JAIJ=@=I = AIJHKJKH= @A =EI JE E =@= @A HAFHAIA J= IACK @ ? @E ?= @ AIF= AIJ=>A A?E@= FA = 6=>A =

,, =FHAIA J=@= A

' > ANFHAII= = B H = @A 52 @= .ECKH= &

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA F=H=

.E =

A JA =

@A @AJAH E =H IA

AIF=

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA ANFHAII FA =I AIJHKJKH=I @A @ H=E @AIJ=I A IACKEH I ?= E D I ANFHAII I FA I @= B H = HA@K E@= @= AIJHKJKH= A ?E =@=I =EI H FE@= A A ?= ,,I

,,I @=I .ECKH=I ' A  >=IJ= F=HJEH IA @ =H? I ANEIJA JAI =J =JE CEH IA I E KIJH=@= FA @A IAH KJE E =@= K = LA GKA AIJ=

@ I JAH E =EI ) KJE E =

@AIA D > @A ?=@= K = @=I .ECKH=I

F IIKE ?= E D I HA@K @= JAI

-IJA +=F JK

HABAHA ?E K ?

?AEJ I E F HJ= JAI @= J ? E?= @A =H = A = A J @ AIF= =JE C LA @ @A F=H= B H = EI @A @A =CA 52

@A

AIJ=@ I GKA LEI= =FA =I = F H

-:- 2

,-

,- )/(a) 0 1 2

!'

(b) 0 1 2

.ECKH=   +

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I

,,

5ACK @= ,EIF IE

)E @= K @A ,,

FAGKA I FH NE

DEIJ HE? @= AL K I +=F JK I EH

@= J ? E?= B E => H@=@

A = @ ?

= KJE E = E =@= @A =F E?=H IA

@A *,, A F IJAHE H A JA F=HJE @ IA F=H= K = AIJHKJKH= @A @=@ I KJE E =H @A 5) K = J ? E?= = C= = B H = EI

=EI F @AH I= @A

A >=I= A J =GKE =@GKEHE@ =

"

+)2 67

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 52

"

" )F E?= @ ,E=CH= =I @A ,A?EI


)FHAIA J= IA AIIA ?=F JK @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA F=H= K = >HALA HABAH J ? E?= >=IA=@= A ,, = C HEJ @A

K JE 8= H=@= F=H= 5)
A =H = A = A J @ AIF= ,, 2HE AEH= A JA L= =FHAIA J=@= IACKE@= @=

FH F IJ F=H= CAH= @A =CA 5) 5)

B H = EI

KJE E = @ IA

?E= I >HA = =JK= J ? E?= KJE E =@= A

"  )JK=

@A

@A )H = A = A J F=H= 5)

) =JK= J ? E?= @A CAH= EI @ F IE AIJ=@ F AN I @A 5) @A HAGKAH K = F IE = F IE ? HHAIF HAIK J= A ? HHAIF @A JA C=IJ I A

A =H = A = A J @ AIF= >=IA=@= A K GKA

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA F=H= A= AIJ=@

B H =

KJE E = K = => H@=CA

8AJ H @A *

I +=@= F II LA AIJ=@ @AJAH E =@ ? +=I ? JH HE =

HAFHAIA JA AIIA LAJ H 5A K =IIE = =@= ? B= I )JK= A =IIE = =@= ? A AI

=JE C LA

@A JA @ LAJ H

LAH@=@AEH

LAJ H

A JA AIJ= J ? E?= AIJ E F A >EJ F=H= HAFHAIA J=H ?=@= @A I CH= @AI A ?

A J=@= = BAHH= A J= 2-25 !

HAGKAHA @ =FA =I K

H AI @A =H = A = A J @A

HE= F=H=

) B H K = F=H= ? ?K 8AJ H @A * ?=@= AIJ=@ @A K ? A= I

@ ?

IK

@A

HE= F=H= K @ AIF=

@A

5)

GKA KJE E = = J ? E?= +=F JK IACKE JA #

>JE@= =JH=L I @= @ELEI

@A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ F H & K = LA GKA A D H @AJ= D=@= A= IA ,, AIJ=>A A?E@

HAFHAIA J=@ F H K

>EJ =FA =I -IJ=

F=H=JEL A JHA = >=I =I J ? E?=I 8AJ H @A *

)E @= @A 8AJ H @A * => H@=CA

EH = BK A= I =

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A =II ?E=@= = ?=@= =E HE= @ I ?=I I K HAIF FH ?AII ? @A =JE CE>E E@=@A I LA F H CKE=H

@A F AN

5) F H

KJE E = @ @A CAH=

J @ @KH= JA =

= @=J HE F=H= J=

) BK

= C HEJ

" @A E

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

@ I AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI @

@A

HAIJHE CE @

I AIJ=@ I

FAHJA ?A JAI = HA= E@=@A

F H AIJA HAFHAIA J=@=

"

,, F=H= 5)

) E@ E= @A =F E?=H = AIJHKJKH= @A F=H= = ELE=H I FH > A =I @A ANF I ) = C= A JA = GKA KJE E =H ,, F=H= =H = A =H AIF= D A =F E?=@ A

,, A @ AIF= 52

5)

IKHCA ?

K = = JAH =JEL= E JAHAII= JA JH=@ I = =JK= => H@=CA @= J ? E?= GKA FHE AEH= LAHI 5)

@A AIJ=@ I A ? ?DAC= IA = K

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA A

)I AJ=F=I @A F=HJE K A 52

@A

IK>IEIJA =I A H@A = A J ? B H = EI =J @

= AIJHKJKH= @A 5)

,,

FH HAGKEIEJ F=H= = J ? E?= = IAH =F E?=@= =IIE ) ?=H=?JAH IJE?= @A =EI B ?E 7 ?HEJ HE IE F AI @A F=HJE ,, ) JAH =JEL= A JA =EI @A K =KJ =J F H

BK @= A J=@ FA = J ? E?= AIJK@=@= J H = AII= @ELEI @A K LA @= B E =GKE L=HE= JAI = ? HHAJK@A

@K =HE@=@A =FHAIA J=@= FA @A

=IIK A GKA ?=@= =KJ F @AHE= IAH F=HJE?E LA F H ANA F

AIJHKJKH= @A =IIK E @ AIJK@=@= JH=HE= = CK GKA F @A E

=@ @A K = B H = @EIJE J= @A LAHE ?=H IA IA AIJ= A H@A E F E?= I

6 @=LE= AIJ= = JAH =JEL= BKJKH = =I GKA

=I @A GK= GKAH B H = F @A LEH = IAH ANF H=@= >A AB ?E =@E?E = = J ? E?= ,A B=J KA ?E=H = JE E = @= AIJHKJKH= @A ,,

I ?HEJ HE I @A F=HJE

@= J ? E?= =GKE FH F IJ=

A(1)
1
l2 l1 l3

A(2)
1
l4 l5

A(3)
1
l6 l7

A(4)
1
l8

s1

s1

s2

s2

Nvel

Nvel

Nvel

Nvel

.ECKH=  

@A

5)

" )KJ

=J I

"

,, 2)4) 5)

"! ?HEJ HE @A F=HJE =J I IAH @A @A =J @ K =KJ I ? =J F=H= ?=@= LAEI @= AIJHKJKH= IE@AH= @ K LA @= AIJHKJKH= @A ,, @A CKE=@= FA 5) ? ,, E@A JE

- J = H@A " =KJ A

IA A?E

=@

GKA I =KJ

@EIF IJ I 2 H ANA F

?=@ H @A ?=@= =KJ

F IJ F H

=J I HAIFA?JEL= A JA H JK =@ I FA I E@A JE ?=@ HAI  F IIKEH " LAEI @EIJE J I

! A " .ECKH=  = AIJHKJKH=

,, GKA HAFHAIA J= AIIA

7 = F II LA H@A

H@A

= IAH =F E?=@= .ECKH=   IAHE= F=HJE @ IA @ =J I E@A JE ?=@ I FA I H JK I  @ IA I =KJ =J I " ! A? @ H=E @EIF

@ H=E =J !A"

@ I

JAH E =EI @= AIJHKJKH= @EIF H I =KJ IAHE= F=HJEH IA @ .ECKH= !

KJH= F II LA

B H A E KIJH=@ FA =

Nvel 1

A(1)

Nvel 2

A(2)

........................
Nvel 3 A(3)

........................
Nvel 4 A(4)

.ECKH=   -NA F

H@A

,, F=H=

@A

5)

" )KJ

=J I

)I H@A I =GKE AIJ=>A A?E@=I I >E = AI ANEIJA JAI ,A B=J K B=J H @EHAJ= A JA = JE E = I I ANFAHE A J I =@=I A ECK= +=F JK = H@A

=FA =I @ EI F II LAEI ANA F I @A JHA A GKA I =KJ ,, > =J I I H=

KEJ=I KJH=I ? ,, KA ?E= @A GKA

@EIF IJ I = AIJHKJKH= @A @EII = 5A ,, +

KEJ E F HJ= JA @A IAH @AJAH E =@ = FHE HE K = LA GKA J= ?=H=?JAH IJE?= E @= AIJHKJKH= @A @ I =KJ @E AI A @A = H@A $ =F J= =I ? =J I = AIJHKJKH= @A ?HEJ HE @A H@A GKA = AIJHKJKH= @A L=HE=@= =

$  =FHAIA J= @ELAH

AIJ=>A A = IA K = DAKH IJE?= GKA IKCEH= K A JA A ?= 

? KI AI E E?E=EI HABAHA ?E =EI JE E =@=

,, J H = IA

""

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

Nvel 1

A(4)

Nvel 2

A(3)

........................
Nvel 3 A(2)

........................
Nvel 4 A(1)

.ECKH= !  -NA F

H@A

,, F=H=

@A

5)

" )KJ

=J I

)IIE KJE E = @ A IE ?H

BK @= A J=@ A ,, A 5) @A @A ) C HEJ

52

= C HEJ >=IAE= IA

@A CAH= = IE K =

@A AIF=

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA ?=EI =EI IK>IEIJA = = GK= A A

@A @EIF=H @ I ALA J I

E = JAI @

@EIF=H @A ALA J I @EIF=H @A ALA J I IE ?H

?=EI =BAJ= =FA =I

FAHJA ?A A GK= J GKA IK>IEIJA =I @

E = JAI =BAJ= IE K J= A= A JA @ EI K

FHE AEH F=II @ ) C HEJ L= A JA HAFHAIA J= A? IAG ?E=I I J I IE ?H E = JAI K I AIJ=@ I ? ?=EI

@A

A @ EI ?

K J I @A AIJHKJKH=I @A IAG ?E=I (Cq (e) ) @A

,,I GKA HAIFA?JE I AIJ=@ I ? @E AI ALA

@E AI (Cd (e) ) A ?

CAH=@ I F=H= ?=@= ALA J @

E @AFA @A JA A JA @AIJAI IAHA

I AIJ=@ I ? I AIJ=@ I ?

@E AI d Cd (e) HAFHAIA J= IAG

I AIJ=@ I GKA D=>E EJ= I AIJ=@ I =JE CE@ I

ALA J e = IAH @EIF=H=@ @AF EI GKA ALA J e

?E=I q Cq (e) HAFHAIA J=

@EIF=H=@

) J=HAB= @A CAH= ) C HEJ ? @E AI A ? IAG

@ I AIJ=@ I ? ?E=I HA =JEL I =

@E AI A ? @A 5)

IAG

?E=I AIJ ANF E?=@= A

@AJ= DAI FA I AIJ=@ I @A E@ I

! 6 @=LE= F=H= K

A D H A JA @E A J @ FHE AEH F=II @ = C HEJ =FHAIA J=@ FA = .ECKH= " AIJ

= 6=>A = ! A E KIJH=@ I = .ECKH= "

"

,, 2)4) 5)

"#

) C HEJD
 /AH=

,,/A AH=JE

Inicial

Cd(e) A Cq (e)

RSS Inicial
! " # $ % & '    ! " # $ %

HAFA=J
modif icado f also

B H = ALA J e @ B H = d Cd(e) A
? HHAIF @A JA q Cq (e) @

EB d RSS A q RSS  JDA


RSS U nion(RSS, q ) modif icado true

A @ EB A @B H A @B H K JE
modif icado

B Hi=N J 2@
E@A JE ?= AE E = @ I HAFAJE@ I F=H= i @ RSS @ I HAF E?=@ I HA@EHA?E = @ IF JAEH I @ LA i 1 @ RSS

A @B H

"$

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

) C HEJD ! /AH= Cd(e) A Cq (e)  B H = ALA J e @ B Hi=1J N @


! " # $ % & '    ! " # $ % & '

EB A(i) F IIKE ALA J e JDA EB ALA J e F IIKE J=N= BK ?E = JDA


Cd(e)
LA i AIJ=@ I D=>E EJ=@ HAI @A A(i) LA i AIJ=@ I D=>E EJ=@ HAI @A A(i) LA i AIJ=@ I @AIJE @A A(i) @A = BK AH

A IA
Cd(e)

A @ EB
Cq (e)

A IA EB ALA J e F IIKE J=N= BK ?E = A @AFA @A @A A(i) JDA


Cd(e)
LA i AIJ=@ I @A A(i) LA i @ J ?=HA LA i @ J ?=HA @A = BK AH

A IA
Cd(e)

A @ EB
Cq (e)

A @ EB A @B H A @B H

"

,, 2)4) 5)

"% @A =FHAIA J=@ FA = .ECKH= " B E F=HJE?E =J )E @= =KJ =KJ =J A(2) HAFHAIA J= LA =@ A IK> @A I LA  @=

)IIK E @ IA GKA JA IA K IK> @A AIJHKJKH= @A

F=H= ?=@= =KJ

=J A(1) HAFHAIA J=

,, A GK= J GKA

6=>A = !  4A =

A JHA -LA J I A -IJ=@ I +

@E

A+

IAG

?E=

ALA J

AIJ=@ I ?

@E

AIJ=@ I ?

IAG

?E=

e1 e2(1 ) e2(2 ) e3 e4 e5

d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6
-IJ=@ I ? @E

q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6

d1


d2


d3


d4

d5

d6

Cd(e1) = {d1} Cd(e2) = {d2, d3} Cd(e3) = {d4} Cd(e4) = {d5}

 -IJ=@ I ?

 IAG ?E=

Cd(e5) = {d6}

q1


q2


q3


q4

q5

q6

Cq (e1) = {q1} Cq (e2) = {q2, q3} Cq (e3) = {q4} Cq (e4) = {q5}

Cq (e5) = {q6}

.ECKH= "  +

K J @A +

@E

A+

IAG

?E=

) = EI= @ = 6=>A = ! A .ECKH= " >IAHL= HAIFA?JEL= A JA @A ? A B H A @A K E@ FA GKA F @A L=HE=H @A 1..n +=@= @AJAH E =@

I GKA I AIJ=@ I ?

@E

A? =KJ @E

IAG =J @ A?

?E= I @A IAG ?E= ?=I ?E=

E =@ I F H dn A qn ) L=HE LA n HAFHAIA J= K LA @= AIJHKJKH= @A ,, HAFHAIA J= K =JK= ?HEJ HE @A F=HJE LA @=I AIJHKJKH=I @A =FA =I K I AIJ=@ I ? =KJ @E I =KJ =J @ A? IAG ) ANEIJ =J I @ @A

L= H E JAEH IAG A ?E=

?E= @A AIJ=@ I ? @A -

,,I E E?E=EI AIJ @EHAJ= A JA =II ?E=@= = ANEIJ KJH=I F= =LH=I @E A? IAG 2 H ANA F I AIJ=@ I ? ?E= @ AI

?E= @ ALA J = I GK=EI A AI HAFHAIA J= @A K EH ALA J =F=HA?AH A ANEIJEH =FA =I LA @A

,, =II ?E=@ = =KJ

=J AIFA? ?

ALA J e3

?= = A(2) A F HJ= J

HAFHAIA J=@ I F H d4 A

"&

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

q4 =F=HA?A
K JH=

=FA =I

LA

@= AIJHKJKH= @A ANEIJ

,, -

d4 A q4
@E =F=HA?A AI =KJ

LA  AIJ HAFHAIA J=@ ? A? IAG ?E= F=H= AIJA @EII ?E= @A FH >=>E ALA J e2 =F=HA?A HAFHAIA J=@ =KJ =J A(1)  )

D HE AI

J= GKA IEC E ?= = IE@AH= @ GKA ALA J =F=HA = =KJ =J A(2) A =EI

?E= @A AIJ=@ I ?

LA @= AIJHKJKH= ? ?=I K @K=I LA AI FA F=H= HAFHAIA JA ,, AIJ ? F=H= GKA

ALA J e3

=EI @A K = LA

=J ANEIJ

E@=@AI J= ALA J HA?A>A @EBAHA JAI E@A JE ?=@ HAI dn A qn 2 H ANA F

e2(2 ) A e2(1 ) 2=H= J= J


@E ? E F E?= K J d1 @A

= JH= IE = ANEIJ

e2(2 )

AIJ=@ I d2 q2 A GK= J GKA e2(1 ) J=N=I BK ?E @E?E = I AIJ=@ I ? @EIF=H @ ALA J 2 H ANA F

HAFHAIA J=@ F H d3 A q3 IJH= GKA

?=I @A ALA J I GKA LA @= AIJHKJKH= @A ,, @AJAH E =

?E= @A AIJ=@ I = JAH =JEL I

A JA =II ?E=@= = ANEIJ

?E= @A 0 K 2 = AIJHKJKH= HAIK J= JA @A =II ?E=@= = e1 =IIE

ALA J e1 F II= @EIF=H=H K = LA GKA = BK

) IACK @= AJ=F= @ ) C HEJ ? ? K J 455 K J @A AIJ=@ I E E?E= AIJ=@ I

 E D=  ? DA?E@ I ?

AIFA?E ?=H

AIF=

@A AIJ=@ I E E?E= F=H= @A K? K

455 F @A IAH E E?E= E =@ ?

AIJ=@ C >= E E?E= @

=JE C LAEI =JH=L I @ KI @A K = BK

,A B=J

= FHE ?EF= BK ?E @ I AIJ=@ I ? = @EIF=H=@

= E@=@A @ ) C HEJ @E IAG E IAG

 E D=I ! = ! ?

IEIJA A ?

F GKA
K J 455 A?AII HE LAHE IA = =@ I

FAH = A?A JAIJ= @ =JH=L I @= =@E )? @E

I AIJ=@ I ?

F=H= J @ I I ALA J I A ?E= = AIJHKJKH= @A ? K = LA . H = K J RSS

@E ?= @ =EI @A

,, HAIK J= JA GK= @

@A F=H=@= @

LAHE ?=@= GK= @

@E ?=@ A J @ I @E =@E?E

I ALA J I e JA D= ?= IA I AIJ=@ I ? ?

A JA AIJ= AJ=F= @ = C HEJ +=I = ? @A JAI = ALA J e I

@E AI d Cd (e) RSS F=H= ?=@= ALA J e @ ?E=I q Cq (e) ? HHAIF

I=JEIBAEJ= J @ I I AIJ=@ I ? K J RSS ?=I q

RSS 

JH=J= A J @=I J=N=I BK ?E FA = C HEJ K =I LA GKA = K @E ?=H IA = AIJHKJKH= @A @A K = J=N= BK ?E GK= @ K @A

=EI @KH= JA @EBAHA ?E= F=H=

F FHE ?EF=
B H = EI

B=J H E F HJ= JA => H@=@ )= J =@= F=H= ?E= GKAIJ F IIKE K @AFA @A

@A 5)

,, HAIK J= JA @EBAHA IA J= IEJK= =EI J=N=I BK ?E

ALA J A

= IACKE JA ?=H=?JAH IJE?=

@A BK @= A J= E F HJ

KJE E = J=N=I BK ?E

=EI E F A =EI @E ?=

K@=

=I @A AIJ=@ K E@E AIJ=@ = GK=


) C HEJ

HA?E

=EI

I =KJ

=J I @

@A

K IA = J=N=I BK ?E

=FA =I

A = FAHJA ?A A

AIJ=@ = GK= A = @AFA @A -II= FHA EII= AIJ HAFHAIA J=@=

"

,, 2)4) 5)

"' @ K@= =I = AIJHKJKH= ,, HAIK J= JA

! FA =I E D=I E D=I " A  HAIFA?JEL= A JA E F FA @A JAI )I .ECKH=I @A # = # HAFHAIA J= F=H= # J= > ? K J d1 D=>E EJ= =FA =I @A 5) E E?E=EI 0(1) 0(2) ? B H A J= > @A

=FA =I F=H= I AIJ=@ I FAHJA ?A JAI A @AI?=HJ= @ GK=EIGKAH

@E ?= AI F=H= I AIJ=@ I @A

F=II = F=II = >JA

@= AIJHKJKH= @A ?

,, HAIK J= JA

ANE>E@ FA = .ECKH= "

AIJ=@ C >= KJE E =@ =EI ANFHAII=I FA LA

F IJ FA I AIJ=@ I F=HJE?K =H = .ECKH= K = LA GKA ,, E E?E= = JAH=@

IJH=@ FA = .ECKH= # 2=II  = ANEIJ ?E= @A 0 =KJ

I= EA J=

JH=J= A J @=I J=N=I BK ?E AIIA ?=I = AIJHKJKH=

= C HEJ

@EIF=H=@

@= AIJHKJKH= @A @EIF=H @A d1 JA

@EIF=H @A d1 LA  K = LA GKA

,, HAIK J= JA =F I

LA  HAFHAIA J=

=J  = GK=

ALA J e1 FAHJA ?A

Nvel 1

0 Disparo d1

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

MDD Inicial

.ECKH= #  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II 

Nvel 1

Nvel 1 Disparo d2 Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH= $  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II

+=>A I= EA J=H GKA @ F=II  = F=II # .ECKH=I @A # = ' = AIJHKJKH= IA @E ?= = ?=@= L= EJAH= @ = C HEJ

,, HAIK J= JA

#

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

Nvel 1

Disparo d3

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH= %  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II !

Nvel 1

Nvel 1 Disparo d4 Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH= &  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II "

Nvel 1

Disparo d5

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH= '  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II #

Nvel 1

1 Disparo d6

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH=   +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II $

2 H

@ F=II $ = F=II  .ECKH=I @A  = # J @ I I AIJ=@ I ? IA @E @E ?= A DK = = AIJHKJKH= @A F=H=@= FH F IJ= FA = C HEJ

@E

B H=

=FJ I

= @EIF=H=H F H

,, HAIK J= JA - J

F=II 

.ECKH= # =JE CA = ?

K = LA GKA J @ I I AIJ=@ I

"

,, 2)4) 5)

# @E ?= L= B E E F IJ= ? = =@E @ I AIJ=@ I Cq (e)

Cd (e) B H=

@EIF=H=@ I A A DK =

Nvel 1

Disparo d1

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH=   +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II %

Nvel 1

1 Disparo d2

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH=

 +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II &

Nvel 1

Disparo d3

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH= !  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II '

,AII= B H = = AIJHKJKH= HAIA J= B H = ?= ? @ AIF= JHKJKH= @A ? F=II @ ) C HEJ E?= 4 IEIJA = =F E?=

,, HAIK J= JA >JE@= =F I @A 5) @= AIJHKJKH= @A A ?E =@=I A

FHE ?EF= @ ) C HEJ @A JH= IB H =A

HAF JE IK=

K J @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI @ HABAHA JA = HA@K @=I HACH=I @A HA@K ,, ) AJ=F= @A HA@K

455 6 @=LE= =E @= HAIJ= K ,, =

HAFHAIA J=@= FA =I E D=I " = % @ ) C HEJ  A KJE E =@=I F=H= JE E = ? IEIJA = L=HHA@KH= @= AI = @ IA @ I @KF E?=@ I A HA@EHA?E FH ?AII @A HA@K

@A AIJ=@ I ANEIJA JA *=IE?= A JA ,, = F=HJEH @ I

@ I JAH E =EI A E E =@ IA

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

Nvel 1

1 Disparo d4

Nvel 1

Nvel 2

Nvel 2

.ECKH= "  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II 

Nvel 1

Nvel 1 Disparo d5 Nvel 2

Nvel 2

MDD Resultante

.ECKH= #  +HE=

-IJHKJKH= @A

,, 2=II 

IF

JAEH I @ I

@ I@ I @A K

LAEI IKFAHE HAI F=H= K LA E JAEH F ANE@=@A ,,

E? ANA F =H @A

AI

L= H ) HACH=

HABAHA JA = A E E =

?=I @AIJA =IIK EH J @ I I L= HAI F II LAEI =E H F=H= >JA @ I AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI HAFHA

=F E?=@= F EI AIJ= E ? KE K = ? IA J=@ I FA = AIJHKJKH= @A

,, HAFHAIA J=@ FA = .ECKH= $ =F E?= @=I HACH=I @A HA@K

=FHAIA J= IA A

IK= B H = ?= AI

E?= F EI =F I =

= AIJHKJKH= FAH = A?A ?


1 E?E= LA   .E =   ,,

AH @A AIJ=@ I

LA

.ECKH= $  -IJHKJKH=

,, 4AIK J= JA

) =F E?= AH=@ K =

@=I HACH=I @A HA@K

@ 455 ?

JE = AJ=F= @ = C HEJ =L= E=H IA = E ? KI

=E @= ?

IE@ =EI =

ANFAHE A J E E?E= .KJKH I AIJK@ I F @A FHE ?EF= @ = C HEJ @AF EI @ ?

@= AJ=F= @A HA@K

= @ B H E D= " JH=HE= >A AB ?E I =@E?E

"!

15- ,) +

2 -:1,),- ,

) / 416

#! 6= E@ E= F @A LEH = A D H=H +=>A

= C HEJ

H?

IK

@A

HE= @KH= JA = CAH= @KH= JA K = =L= E= HE= ?

@AIA FA D @ = C HEJ I= EA J=H GKA = E ? KI ? = IK K @A @AJAH E =H IA =E H @A +27 J= >

=I @A GK= GKAH B H = @=I HACH=I @A HA@K 2 HJ= J A C= D @A

B E ANF H=@= F H AIJA AIJK@

F FHE ?EF= F @AH HAFHAIA J=H K @A ?KIJ >A AB ?E B= IA IA A?AII HE IK @A +27 ?

F=H=@ = =K A J @ ?

FA I=H

"! )

EIA @= +

F ANE@=@A @ ) C HEJ

) = J=

EIA @= ?

F ANE@=@A @A K

= C HEJ

HABAHA IA = JA F @A ANA?K ) C HEJ

GKA

AI @ AIF=

=FHAIA J= F=H= HA= E = GKA HAFHAIA J= =

@= J=HAB= FH F IJ=

IAH =GKE =L= E=@ =JH=L I @=

=E H CH= @A = GKA AIJA F @AH =IIK EH @KH= JA = CAH=

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA F=H= 5) *=IE?= A JA F=HJA ) C HEJ =FHAIA J=@= FA ) C HEJ ) C HEJ ? F IJ @A JH I CH= @AI AJ=F=I = IAHA =L= E=@=I ) FHE AEH= = FHE ?EF= @ 2 @A IA @= ,,

=FHAIA J=@= = E D=  A HABAHA IA = CAH=

@A AIJ=@ I Cd(e) A Cq (e) @AJ= D=@= A JA = J= > @A HA@K @ALA IAH ? @= AIJHKJKH= @A IE@AH=@

! ) IACK @= AJ=F= E F HJ= JA = IAH =L= E=@=

HAFHAIA J=@ A JHA =I E D=I ! A ! 2 H

,, HAFHAIA J=@ A JHA =I E D=I " A % @ ) C HEJ @E AH GKA AIJAI JH I CH= @A F=II I HAFHAIA J= J=HAB= @A CAH= F=H= AGK= B H = EI A =H = A = A J @ AIF= 5) 2 HJ= J = E@ E=

=I FHE ?EF=EI L=HE LAEI =II ?E=@=I = ANA?K @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA A K = AIJHKJKH= @A =JA

?DAC=H IA = K = B H K =

JE?= ANFHAII= FA =

"  =>=EN A GKA HAFHAIA J= = CH= @A = @A J=EI L=HE LAEI

N
@A x y A z HAFHAIA J= ?E=H @EHAJ= A JA

O

 

"  KA

=I L=HE LAEI =II ?E=@=I = ?=@= K = @=I JH I AJ=F=I A GKA E

@AIA FA D @ = C HEJ HABAHA IA = ) C HEJ E KA ?E=H ! )L= E= @ IA IAK @AIA FA D AI ?

) FHE AEH= F=HJA E D=  @ ) C HEJ ? ? KE IA GKA JH I IK> AJ=F=I I

E F HJ= JAI A F @A

#"

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

= @ B H = ALA J A =FHAIA J=@ F HJ= J E LA e HAFHAIA J= AIJA B=J H ) @EII ?

= E D=  A K AH= J @ I I ALA J I ANEIJA JAI

=KJ

=J

AH @A ALA J I AIJ @EHAJ= A JA =II ?E=@ = ?

F ANE@=@A =GKE =L= E=@= ) L=H

= @ B HE J

=FHAIA J=@ FA = E D= = C HEJ

J= >

KA ?E=H @EHAJ=

A JA = CH= @A = =FHAIA J=@= FA GKA HAFHAIA J= FH FHE= A JA .E = ?K I - J ? @ ?

-IJA B=J H IAH HAFHAIA J=@ FA = L=HE LA N

AH @A =KJ

=J I @ IEIJA =
F ANE@=@A @A ANA I ,,I E E?E=EI ?E= @ @A

A JA AIJ= FHE AEH= AJ=F= J= >

AIJ @EHAJ= A JA =II ?E=@= = ? AII= B=IA IAG

K J @A E IJHK AI HAFHAIA J=@ I FA =I E D=I ! = $ =E H =GKE HAFHAIA J=@= FA

IJHK @ I =JH=L I @= =JHE>KE = CH= @A = @A H@A

@A AIJ=@ I D=>E EJ=@ HAI A AIJ=@ I ?

AH

NE

@A AIJ=@ I @A J @ I

I =KJ
6 = C HEJ

=J I @
IA A J ?

@A

-IJA =IFA?J IAH =GKE HAFHAIA J=@ FA = L=HE LA =JA JE?= GKA HAFHAIA J= = ? F ANE@=@A @

= FHE AEH= F=H?A = @= B H K = "

B H A = AGK=

e

O
= IAG

 
FHE ?EF= @ ) C HEJ ?E= AIJA ?=I = > I ,,I JAH ? @ I? A?AII HE

"  HAFHAIA J=@ + ? KE IA ,, GKA

) IACK @= F=H?A = = IAH =L= E=@= @E HAIFAEJ = FA =I E D=I @A ! = ! AIJ=@ I ? A J HAFHAIA J= @E ? JH= ? = @ B H = 455 A =F E?= I AIJ=@ I ?

Cd(e) Cq (e) HABAHA ?E=@

= E D= $ JAIJ= J @ I I

GKA AIJA F=II AIJ @EHAJ= A JA =II ?E=@ =

=E H CH= @A = @=I AIJHKJKH=I @A

Cd(e) Cq (e) HAIFA?JEL= A JA

FE H ?=I

J= = D

NE

@
J

AH @A AIJ=@ I ANEIJA JAI


AH NE IA   )E @= =

I =KJ

=J I @
@A

@A

2 HJ= J

IE@AH= @ GKA = L=HE LA K J I Cd(e) Cq (e)

HABAHA IA =

@A AIJ=@ I @

F=H= ?=@= K

B H = ALA J A  E D= #
@A 2 HJ= J

B=?E

A JA E@A JE ?=@ ?

@EHAJ= A JA =II ?E=@

= ? IE@AH=@

AH @A ALA J I @

= L=HE LA e HAFHAIA J= AIJA =IFA?J = E =@ = E D= ! =E @= FHA?EI= IAH ? FE H ?=I

= @ HAFA=J K JE E E?E=@ AIJA ?=I

= E D= ! A

AH @A LA AI GKA AIJA =

IAH ANA?KJ=@ @AFA @AH

"!

15- ,) +

2 -:1,),- ,

) / 416

## - J =EI K = LA = L=HE LA e @ALA IAH

@
?

NE
IE@AH=@=

AH @A ALA J I ANEIJA JAI

@A

,AII= B H = ?DAC= IA = IACK @= F=H?A = @= B H K = HEJ ? B H A HAFHAIA J=@ A "!

=JA

JE?= F=H= ?

F ANE@=@A @ = C

e
= HAIF I B=J @A HA@K @= AIJHKJKH= B H E = A J @ IF

e2 2  J

 

" !

HABAHA ?E=@ FA =I E D=I @A " = $ @ ) C HEJ ,, HAIK J= JA A E E = @ I B=J HAI HA AL= JAI AIIA ?=I NE =@E?E @A ALA J I E =@=I = KA ?E=

I LA F H E@A JE ?=H I

@ I HAFAJE@ I @= AIJHKJKH= @A JAEH I @A A ?=@A= A J

I =JH=L I @ HA@EHA?E F HJ= J

AH

NE
=

@A =KJ B HE J

=J I HAFHAIA J=@ FA = L=HE LA GKA @AJAH E = @A


)E @= AH ,, HAIK J= JA " " GKA J= >

L= H @A N F=H= ?

J= = D @=I AIJHKJKH=I @A HAFHAIA J=@ FA IAH AL=@= A ? HAFHAIA J= = AGK= J= ?

,, E E?E=EICd(e) Cq (e)  GKA B H= = L=HE LA e AIJ J= > HA@K E@=

K J 455 - J = =E @=

@EHAJ= A JA =II ?E=@= A @ALA

B H A ANF E?EJ=@ FA = JAH?AEH= F=H?A = @= AGK=

e
.E = A JA

e2 2 

e

" " "" )

A?AII HE HA@K EH IA =I CH= @A =I HAFAJE@=I =FHAIA J=@=I FA = AGK= AI =I IA I >HAF A IA @ A?AII HE ? IE@AH =I =EI @A K = LA

K = LA GKA =I JAH?AEH= F=H?A = A E E =@= A @ALA = C HEJ 2 H IAH

e

 AIJ A >KJE@= = FHE AEH= F=H?A = @= AGK=


+DAC= IA F HJ= J = AGK= HAFHAIA J=@= FA = AGK= "#

" " A F HJ= J F @A IAH F ANE@=@A @

= FHE AEH= A IACK @= F=H?A =I HAFHAIA J=

CH= @A =I @A H@A I @EBAHA JAI

= JE@=I

= GKA HAFHAIA J= = ?

=GKE AIJK@=@

e
+ K NE IE@AH= AI AH @A =KJ $ LA AI ? =EI = HAIFAEJ @= AGK= =J I @ >H=H B H A AGK=

e2 2 
" # I= EA J= GKA A ?=I

" # AH @A AIJ=@ I

JA F @A ANA?K

@ = C HEJ

F @AH =K A J=H A

" $ HAFHAIA J=@= =>=EN

(2e)2 (2)2

4e2 42

16e2 .2

" $

#$

+)2 67

"

)2 1+) ,

,1)/4) )5 ,- ,-+15

7 61 8)

4),) 2)4) 5)

" " 1 F A A J=

@ ) C HEJ

FH J JEF @ ) C HEJ

=GKE =FHAIA J=@ B E E F A A J=@ > IEIJ= J= > + =IIE ? A C= =@ A

>EJ @ CHKF 2-/ AIJK@ I @= AI AI = HA= @AIJA ,A A?= EI

2AHB H = ?A -L= K=JE @A E JAHAIIA ) E CK=CA B=J HABAHE I = AIJA ? 5) =E @= ANEIJA JA A

/H KF F H K @A FH CH= = K FH J JEF B E ? >AHJ

B E KJE E =@= F=H= = E F A A J= @ KI @A BK

F EI = E F A A J=

GKAIJ AI HABAHA JAI = FAHB H = ?A @A JAIJAI = @A =CA @A LAHE ?=H = ? HHA I FH NE I

) E F A A J= JK@A @ = C HEJ

@AIJA FHE AEH FH J JEF LEI= = HA= E = =GKE FH F IJ =JH=L I @A ANA F I @A J= > F=H= FAH EJA = HA= E = A D H=@=I @E A ? @=I J ? E?=I IAG IJH K ?

=FHAIA J=@ I ,A B=J

+=F JK I -IJ= FHE AEH= LAHI

@A = CK I JAIJAI @A FAHB H = ?A = I=>E@ =JH=L I @ I A= A I +=F JK HE= @KH= JA A D HE= @A J= ,, A 8AJ H @A * IK EH >=IJ= JA

@A E@A JE ?=H F II LAEI HA=I = IAHA JAIJAI HA= E =@ I F=H= ABAEJ I @A ? # GKA = AJ=F= @A CAH= ) C HEJ ANA?K AJ=F= -IJA +=F JK F=H= B H = EI =FHAIA J K @A @A =CA ) C HEJ 5) F @A IAH @ = C HEJ @ I AIJ=@ I ? +=F JK

= C HEJ

?E= FHE AEH= AJ=F= E F IJ= FA

A D H=@= K = LA GKA @A

% HABAHA ?E= K = F II LA = JAH =JEL= F=H=

?=F= @A CAH=H A =H = A =H AIF= )E @= = = EIA @= ? KA ?E= I +=F JK I EH @A =CA = JA F @A ANA?K KJE E =H

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA HAGKAHE@ @KH= JA

F ANE@=@A @AIJA B E =L= E=@= ? FH J JEF E F A A J=@ = E K ?E= @= H@A @ I

E JKEJ @A @AJAH E =H GK=EI =I L=HE LAEI GKA E = HA= E = F=H= HA= E = FH F IJ IA = ? =KJ =J I ? @= J=HAB= FH F IJ= FH L=@= =? F=?J= I FH NE @A JAIJAI @A ANA F I @A

@A GKA = ? HHAJK@A @ = C HEJ IAH =FHAIA J=@ I

)E @= ANFAHE A J I GKA @AJAH E = @= AIJHKJKH= @A ,, J= >

#%

# +

F=H=JEL A JHA
K A

,, A 8AJ H @A *
? F=H=JEL @ C=IJ @A @A =CA I

A=
A

I
HE= F=H= =I J ? E?=I ,,

)FHAIA J= IA AIIA ?=F JK A 8AJ H @A * HA =JEL=I = ? A= IK = @A

I -NA F I @A

=FHAIA J=@ I AIJ=>A A?A @ IA ?

? KI AI

HE= F=H= = >=I J ? E?=I

#  -NA F I @A

@A =CA

-IJ= IA 255 @A ? A

=FHAIA J= @ELAHI I ANA F I 5) @A I 5) ? 455 HA@K E@ I  A

@A =@ I ? A= I?

,, ) E@ E= HA = = ?

EH =K A J= @ IK = @A

HAI GKA # =

@A AIJ=>A A?AH IA K

F=H=JEL A JHA =I J ? E?=I @A

,, A 8AJ H @A *

HE= F=H= =H = A =H IA I AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI

,A B=J @A A ? I I A

= A=

@A AIJ=>A A?AH IA K

F=H=JEL @ C=IJ @A A=

HE= F=H= ?= ?K =@ ? ?

KI @A IK IK ,,

,, = = @A >OJAI @ @=

A 8AJ H @A *

I FHE AEH= A JA A?AIIEJ= IA A JA @AH ? ?=I @ 8AJ H @A * AIF= @A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ @ L= H @A K @A

HE= F=H= = > I A =FA =I K

I F=H= ?= ?K =H IA

HE= >=IJ= @ELE@EH IA

F H &  A >H= @ IA GKA AIJA ?=I @= J ? E?= =EI F JAEH I @A A ?=@A= @A ?=@= A JA @E

>EJ F=H= =H = A =H ?=@= F II LA AIJ=@  @ @= AIJHKJKH= @ J=>E E = @ K

KJE E =@ I F=H= =H = A =H A J @A " >OJAI ?=@= ?

J J= @A  >OJAI F=H= =H = A =CA *=IE?= A JA ?=@= I @ I LE E D I = @

AIJHKJKH= @A

,, ) .ECKH= % ANE>A = AIJHKJKH= @A K @A A HE= =GKE HABAHE@ A ?=@A= A J ?

,, F=H= B=?E EJ=H =@ A =>=EN

A J @ ? ?K

A?AIIEJ= =H = A =H K

L= H E JAEH @A 0 = N A

,AII= B H = =I B H K =I = IACKEH HAFHAIA J= F=H= ?=@= K = @=I J ? E?=I

?= ?K =H IA

IK

= @A

HE=

#&

+)2 67

2)4)618

- 64-

,, - 8-6 4 ,- *

-)

4 bytes 2 bytes

x
4 bytes

Total = 10 bytes por nodo

.ECKH= %  -IJHKJKH= @A K

,,

HE= 8AJ H * A=

I = [P SS 8] bytes

HE=

,, = [ K

@ I

,, 10] bytes

#

@A I 5)

@A I 5) ALA J I IE ?H @A A & ALA J I IA J= K

A IA

IA

JE?= GKA L=HE= =FHAIA J=@ I AII= IK>IA

AH @A =KJ

=J I A

K J @A

E = JAI A 5) ?=EI

?=EI I

 =FHAIA J=@ FA = .ECKH= & F IIKE " =KJ 255 @ @ I =FHAIA J=@ FA = .ECKH= ! F IIKE # =KJ ?= 255 @ @A K @ I F K? =E H F H @A FAGKA

=J I $ ALA J I IE ?H

E = JAI

=FA =I & AIJ=@ I A ?

" AIJ=@ I C >=EI

=JE C LAEI 455 ) AIJHKJKH= J J= @A % @A 5)

,, CAH=@= FA = J ? E?= AIJ =FHAIA J=@= FA = .ECKH= ' A =FHA

=J I % ALA J I IE ?H =E @= ?

E = JAI A

=FA =I  ALA J

IE@AH=@ FAGKA

# AIJ=@ I A  AIJ=@ I C >=EI =JE C LAEI 455 ) AIJHKJKH= =FHAIA J=@= FA = .ECKH= ! A F IIKE ' @A 5) ! 2=HAI @A )KJ

,, CAH=@= FA = J ? E?= AIJ

=J I .ECKH= !  @AI?HALA K

@A

$ =KJ

=J I

#

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

#'

(1)

(2)

0
s
2

0
l2 l4

l1

l3

s2 s 6 2 s1 s 5 1

s2 2 s1

(3)

(4)

0
s
5

0
l6 l8

l5

l7

s4 s 6 2 s3 s 5 1

s4 2 s3

.ECKH= & 

@A

5)

.ECKH= ' 

,,

@A

5)

IA ? -IIA

J=N=I BK ?E K AIF= @A 5)

=EI ! ALA J I

?=EI A $ ALA J I IE ?H

E = JAI 7 ? K

@A

5)

F=?J

@A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ @A % ' AIJ=@ I F H F IIKE K = E JAH@AFA @

455 @A =FA =I & AIJ=@ I

?E= = I F=HAI ?

B H A ANF E?=@ =>=EN

=KJ =KJ =KJ

=J A(1) A A(2) F IIKA =J A(3) A A(4) F IIKA =J A(5) A A(6) F IIKA

ALA J I IE ?H ALA J I IE ?H ALA J I IE ?H

E = JAI s1 A s4 E = JAI s2 A s5 E = JAI s3 A s6

$

+)2 67

2)4)618

- 64-

,, - 8-6 4 ,- *

-)

(1)

(2)

0 s1 1 s8 s2

0 s7 1

(3)

A
s
1

(4)

A
s
1

(5)

4
l1 s
5

4
s
3

4
s
3

s s
5

l1

l1

0
s 5s 6 s 7s 8 s1s2 s3s 4

3
s8 s1s2 s4
2 s3

0
s 5s 6 s 7s 8

3
s8 s1s2 s4
2 s3

0
s 5s 6 s 7s 8

3
s8
2 s3

6s 7

6s 7

s5 s

s5 s

s1 s

s1 s

1 s1 s 2 s3 s 4

1 s1 s 2 s3 s 4

1 s 1 s 2 s3 s 4

.ECKH= ! 

@A

5)

.ECKH= ! 

,,

@A

5)

,, HAIK J= JA GKA HAFHAIA J= 455 @ @A 5)

@A

ANE>E@ FA = .ECKH= !! A F IIKE & =J I " ALA J I IE ?H

s1 s

s 5 s6 s 7 s 8

s 5 s6 s 7 s8

s 5 s6 s 7 s8

s5 s

6s 7

s4

" =FHAIA J=@ FA = .ECKH= !" F IIKE % =KJ ?= 255 @ @A >A =E H ?

s3s 4

s3s 4

@ I E = JAI

A =FA =I  ALA J ! % AIJ=@ I ? J ? E?= F IIKE "$

F=H=@ = I ANA F I = JAHE HAI ,, CAH=@= FA =

=FA =I ' AIJ=@ I C >=EI =JE C LAEI 455 ) AIJHKJKH= @ I A AIJ =FHAIA J=@= FA = .ECKH= !# ? F=H=JEL @ I "

) 6=>A = " B= K

@A I =FHAIA J=@ I =J =GKE EIJ= @ @= AIGKAH@=

#

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

6EF

-LA J

6=N=

$

A(1)
0(1) l1 2(1) s4 s1 1(1) s4 2(2)

A(2)
0(2) s1 1(2) l2 l3 2(3)

A(3)
0(3) s2 1(3) s5

? ? ? ? ? ? IO IO IO IO IO IO

l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A
0 l4 2(4)

(4)

A
0 s2 1(4) s6 2(5) l5

(5)

A
0 s3 1(5) l6 2(6)

(6)

(4)

(5)

(6)

s3 1(6) s6

s5

.ECKH= !  5)

-LA J I 5E ?H

E = JAI A JHA 2=HAI @A )KJ

=J I

.ECKH= !! 

,,

2=HAI @A )KJ

=J I

F=H= @EHAEJ= I IACKE JAI @=@ I F=H= = J ? E?= ,, A ? IK

@A = @A

5) A

=L= E=@

255 @

@A

455 @ IK A= I

@A = @A A

FAH HE=

?A JK= @A AIJ=@ I C >=EI =JE C LAEI FAH?A JK= @A 455 I > 255 ?

HE= F=H= J ? E?= 8AJ H @A *

>IAHL= @ IA = 6=>A = " LAHE ?= IA GKA J= @ K J J @ A AL=@ @A ? IK = @ IA 255 5)

@A I 5)

255 FAGKA ,, ?

AI

=FHAIA

AH @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI = J ? E?= = @A A HE= @= J ? E?= ,,

FA I= 2 H ANA F FAH?A JK= @A @A # =E H J H

! GKA F IIKE =FA =I " @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI I > =E @= A

+)2 67

2)4)618

- 64A 7

,, - 8-6 4 ,- *
(3)

-)

s7 6
s

(1)

(2)

l1
10

0 s1 1 s8 s2

0 s1 s7 1

0 s14
s10
s s
2

5
s5

4
s 11

13

s12 2 3 s3 A
(5)

s4

A 7
l1

(4)

s7 6
s
s
10

s7 7
l1
s
10

0
s10

5 s1 s14
s5

0 s14
s10
s s
2

5
s5

s14

s14

s5

s10
s

s10

1
s

s
2

4
s 11

1
s

4
s 11

13

13

s12 2 s3 3

s4

s12 2 s3 3

s4

.ECKH= !" 

@A

5)

"

6=>A = "  +

F=H=JEL A JHA

,, A 8AJ H @A *

A=

@A 5) 5) 5) 5) ! " 

255 & # % ' ! %

455 "  & '

 455 # "   $

,, & >OJAI ' >OJAI & >OJAI "$ >OJAI

8AJ H @A *  >OJAI $! >OJAI ' >OJAI

s5

s1 1 s1

s s
2

4
s 11

4
s 11

13

13

s12 2 s3 3

s4

s12 2 s3 3

s4

(6)

A s7

(7)

s7 6
s
s
10

7
l1

7
l1

6
s

s
10

5 s1

A=

$ !&" >OJAI

2 H

IE@AH= @ A

@A

5)

" E= @A

@A A

255

F K?

=E H A ,,

AH @A AIJ=@ I

=JE C LAEI

H GKA  = A?

HE= KJE E = @ IA

@A ?AH?= @A '%

#

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

$!

.ECKH= !# 

,,

@A

5)

"

100000 Metodo MDD Metodo Vetor de Booleanos

10000 Consumo de Memoria

1000

100

10 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1e+006 Tamanho do PSS

.ECKH= !$  +

F=H=

@ +

IK

@A

HE= F=H=

@A I 5)

@ELAHI I

/H @ I =?E = FAGKA

? !$ J= > A ?EA JA

HAFHAIA J= AI

? @A

F=H=JEL @A KI @A F IIKE @ K

HE= F=H= I ANA F I 5) @A I 5) ? AIF=

A ?E

L= A JA FAH?A>A IA GKA

,, F=H=

@A AIJ=@ I

CH= @A FAH?A JK= @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI

JE K= @ = ? AJ= @A @=@ I F=H=

AIJ=>A A?E A J @ ?

F=H=JEL A JHA =I J ? E?=I

$" =L= E= IA = IACKEH A 455

+)2 67

2)4)618

- 64-

,, - 8-6 4 ,- *

-)

? IIE?

@A

= J=H @ I .E I B I I B I=

F=HJE?K =H = =L= E=

@AIJA

FAH EJA =K A J=H IA

AH @A

@A L=HE=H IA >=IJ= JA I L= HAI F=H= 255 A

? IIE? =@ ?

@A

= J=H @ I .E I B I = F = A JA ?EJ=@ =EI K L =KJ =EI ? =J I =@E?E

= EJAH=JKH= 5) L 5) =@ I = @A @A

& B E =L= E =@ !

L= HAI @A ! " # $ % & '   A  E = JAI

I B I ) ?=@=

I B =@E?E

L I ALA J I IE ?H

=K A J= @ IA

@AII= B H = =I L=HE LAEI GKA JH= A

F ANE@=@A = AIIA

?=I @A ! .ECKH= !% =KJ @A =J ?

I B I

@A

5)

F IIKE ' ALA J I IE ?H KI @ C=HB ? GKA =

E = JAI A AIJ ANE>E@ FA = @EHAEJ= A AIGKAH@= -

I KC=HAI D A E HAFHAIA J= I AIJ=@ I U A L HAFHAIA J= FHE AEH C=HB ? A JHA A I B FAC= =

HA?KHI C=HB AIJ A =

U so K Livre

AIF=

@A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ =IIK A GKA IEIJA = GKA I KJH I FAC= F=H= GKA C=HB

HAFHAIA J=@ F H $ AIJ=@ I ? C=HB ? -IJA @A

=FA =I  AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI 455 -IIA AIGKAH@= FHE AEH= A JA A GK= J F HJ= A J =IIE JHE? A?AII HE @A KI @ HA?KHI

@EHAEJ= 6= ?

@A=@ ?

HAFHAIA J= = HAIJHE

P
s3
1 4

P
s6 s s
7

P
s9

s2

s5

s8

L s3 s 6 U s 1 s4

L s6 s 9 U s5 s7

L s 3 s9 U s2 s8

.ECKH= !%  = J=H @ I .E I B I

,, HAIK J= JA GKA HAFHAIA J= @ I F=H= =H = A =H 455

455 @

@A

ANE>E@ FA = .ECKH= !& A HAGKAH !

#

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

$#

.ECKH= !& 

,, 4AIK J= JA F=H=

@A

= J=H @ I ! .E I B I

) 6=>A = # =FHAIA J= @A * @A A= ,, @A A= I F=H= IJH= IA AH @A 8AJ H @A * GKAIJ FH @KJ ? /H ? IK @A GKA 5)

? @A

F=H=JEL @ C=IJ @A 5) ?

HE= F=H= =I J ? E?=I @A I B I E BAHE H ? AIF=

,, A 8AJ H + B H A J @ F=H=@ = @A A @A AIJ=@ I

! " # $ % & '   A  C=IJ @A A HE= >A

I B I =K A J= ? I ,A B=J

IAG A JA ?HAI?E A J @ 255 A @E E KE

@ 455

=EI A ?EA JA JA @ K CH= @A

AIIA C= D @ IA FHE ?EF=

A JA FA = ?=H=?JAH IJE?= @

=FHAIA J=H K IE@AH=LA ? !' J= > = @A @ I A

AH @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI =F E?=@ I = K

A JA A AL=@ HAFHAIA J= HE= = > I A ? F=H=JEL @A @A A HE= F=H= ANA F @ I I B I? ,, F=H= L= H >=EN EIA ? ? KE

J @ I -IJA @A

IJH= = A ?E

?E= @ KI @A 255 -IJ= = = @A I B I JAIJ=@ A

I B II

A JA GK= @

=FHAIA J= K AH @A I B I

255 CH= @A A K

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI IA FHA 255 ? = A? ?

H GKA  @ J J= =FHAIA J=@ FA =EI ) A? =E H HE= ?= A E= @ ? AH @A A= I IK

C= D ABAJEL @= J ? E?= E E?E= IA ? ?AH?= @A "$ $#$ AIJ=@ I K J H IK @A # + = @A E= @ ? A IE@AH= @

=E H K ECK= = $ GKA F IIKE HE= F=H= $ ,, GKA B E @A 

I B I AIJ A

'' %' # >OJAI C=IJ I FA = J ? E?=

JH= % '% %' >OJAI C=IJ I FA = J ? E?= 8AJ H @A *

$$
6=>A = #  + IK

+)2 67

2)4)618

- 64-

,, - 8-6 4 ,- *

-)

@A

HE= F=H=

@A

= J=H @ I .E I B I

.E I B I ! " # $ % & '   

255 $  '$ % %%$ "$ $#$ %' '!$  $%' $$  %% $'$ $ "$$ %$ !$ %'% #$ %$ %& !!$

455  ' % $' "& '&# !%& # %" ! &$ !! "$

 455 # # !  '  !  #  $  !  '  "   

,, ! >OJAI $# >OJAI  !# >OJAI %# >OJAI # ## >OJAI  # >OJAI !# >OJAI "" %# >OJAI &' '# >OJAI %' # >OJAI

8AJ H @A * % >OJAI

A=

$ >OJAI '% >OJAI # &! >OJAI !" '' >OJAI ' '# >OJAI  #' % >OJAI % ##& % >OJAI "# !"' $! >OJAI % '% %' >OJAI

1e+009 Metodo MDD Metodo Vetor de Booleanos 1e+008

1e+007 Consumo de Memoria

1e+006

100000

10000

1000

100

10 1 2 4 Numero de Filosofos 8

.ECKH= !'  +

F=H=

@ +

IK

@A

HE= F=H=

@A

= J=H @ I .E I B I

FH NE @A FH ?AII I A 255 A 455

@A

5)

=FHAIA J=@

@A

@A +

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I -IJA @A =GKE =L= E=@ F IIKE $ @EBAHA JAI L= HAI @A

HAFHAIA J= N FH ?AII I ?

F=HJE D= @ R HA?KHI I

AH @A HA?KHI I IAH L=HE=@ @A

= $ ANAH?EJ= @ IA =IIE

? ?

K J @A =KJ =KJ

=J I GKA HAFHAIA J=

@A

@A +

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I =J GKA ? JH = AH @A

F IJ F H K

=J F=H= ?=@= FH ?AII A KJH =KJ

#

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

$% AIJ=@ I GKA HAFHAIA J= F=HJE D=@ I JAHA  HA?KHI A =KJ KI A HAIFA?JE I ! AIJ= HA?KHI I

HA?KHI I

=KJ

=J GKA HAFHAIA J= I FH ?AII I F IIKE =KJ ?=I @A F=HJE D=@

L= A JA Ocioso (Sleep) A Em U so (U sing ) AIJ=@ F=H= ?=@= HA?KHI ? A KI -LA J I IE ?H E = JAI rn E>AH= @ I R0 R1 R2 GKA HAFHAIA J=

=J GKA HAFHAIA J= I HA?KHI I F IIKE K HA?KHI I ? KI

HAIFA?JEL= A JA  HA?KHI I A

E = JAI an A JHA I =KJ HA?KHI I A

=J I @A FH ?AII I A

=J @A HA?KHI I I FH ?AII I F=I A AIJK@

= ?=
IE ?H I=

HA?KHI I GK= @ K

FH ?AII F=II= @ AIJ=@ Ocioso F=H= KI GK= @ =KJ @A

AIJ=@ Em U so -LA J I

=J I GKA HAFHAIA J=

@ AIJ=@ Em U so F=H= Ocioso ) .ECKH= " ANE>A

5) F=H= ANA F

(1)

(2)

(16)

S a1 U r1 a2

S r2 U

....

a16 U

r16

a1, a2, ...a16

a1, a2, ...a16

a1, a2, ...a16

R0 r1, r2, ... r16

R1 r1, r2, ... r16

R2

....
r1, r2, ... r16

Rn

.ECKH= "  +

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I

) 6=>A = $ =FHAIA J= @A * A= I F=H= AH @A HA?KHI I F=H= + ? @ AIF= B H A J @ @A @A A

? @A

F=H=JEL @ C=IJ @A @A ? ! " # $ HA?KHI I ?

HE= F=H= =I J ? E?=I @A ) @EII

,, A 8AJ H

F=HJE D= A J @A HA?KHI I ? F=HJE D=@ I

$ FH ?AII I L=HE= @ IA AIJ= =FHAIA J= @ 455 E BAHE H CKH= AI JAIJ=@=I

I L= HAI @A 255 A 455 A FAH?A JK= @A 455 I > 255 F=H= J @=I =I ? AH @A HA?KHI I =K A J= ? ,, @A GKAIJ IJH= IA A= I ,A B=J =EI A ?EA JA JA @ K CH= @A C=IJ @A A

IAG A JA =K A J @ 255 A @E E KE HE= IA FHA >A AIIA C= D @ IA FHE ?EF= ANA F

F=H=@ = 8AJ H @A *

A JA FA = ?=H=?JAH IJE?= I B I

=FHAIA J=H K

AH @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI =F E?=@ I = K = JAHE H @ I

@A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ CH= @A @=

AI = B H = GKA

$&
6=>A = $  + IK

+)2 67

2)4)618

- 64-

,, - 8-6 4 ,- *

-)

@A

HE= F=H=

@A

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I

4A?KHI I

255 $ ""

455 !% $'% #% $ &&# " &'! HAFHAIA J= IK @A = @A = @A 5) A ?

 455  #    #  # 

,, %' >OJAI  % >OJAI  !! >OJAI  #% >OJAI  %' >OJAI ANA F

8AJ H @A *

A=

! %$& >OJAI "' # >OJAI $# #!$ >OJAI & '  >OJAI '& !" >OJAI @ ? F=HJE D= A J @A IJH= = A ?E ?E= C= D 8AJ H @A

! " # $ /H @ KI @A NE ? * A=

!'! $ # " && $## !$ %&$ "! ? " J= > ? ,, F=H= AIJA ? IK

F=H=JEL F=H= A HE= = > I

HA?KHI I @AIJ=?= @ IA @ F=H= I?

J @ I -IJA @A J @ ,, >JALA K

F=H= J @ I I L= HAI @A HA?KHI I JAIJ=@ I HE= F=H= = > I ,, J @ I '& !" >OJAI F=H=

AH @A HA?KHI I $ = GK=

C= D @A '&

F=H= @ IA

JH= =FA =I  %' >OJAI F=H= = J ? E?=

100000 Metodo MDD Metodo Vetor de Booleanos

Consumo de Memoria

10000

1000

100 1 2 4 Numero de Recursos Compartilhados 8

.ECKH= "  +

F=H=

@ +

IK

@A

HE= F=H=

@A

F=HJE D= A J @A 4A?KHI I

-IJA ?=F JK * A= IA IA J=@ I ?

=FHAIA J K K = I HEA @A IK

@A I 5) = @A

=L= E=@ I FA =I J ? E?=I @A 8AJ H @A A HE= )L= E= @ I @A I =FHA A= I ,, I > = J ? E?= 8AJ H @A *

,, = GKA @E HAIFAEJ = ? IJ=J K IA GKA @A I 5) ? K

C= D ABAJEL @= J ? E?= @A FAH?A JK=

AIJ =II ?E=@ =

KEJ >=EN @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI K J= A JA

#

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

$' @A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ ? KI @= J ? E?= @A =E HE= A K IE@AH=LA A JA CH= @A 8AHE ? K IA ? >E = IJEJKE IA F H IE @A @K=I E I @A  F=H= =?

@A I GKA =FHAIA JA ?E= @A K

AIF=

GKA =FA =I = ANEIJ

A AL=@

AH @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI ,, ,A B=J

I ?=H=?JAH IJE?= E @E?=JEL= F=H= F HJ= JAI ?=H=?JAH IJE?=I GKA I F K? I A @A @A ,, AIJHKJKH= @A A H GKA  F=H= = E

A AL=@ FAH?A JK= @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI  A

A AL=@ J= = D @A 255 L=HE= @A =? H@ ? = L=HE= )E @= ? @A H@A I @ I =KJ +=F JK =J I =

@A % %%$ AIJ=@ I I I +=F JK I EH KA ?E= = ? ,, E

FHAHH C=JEL=I @AJAH E = JAI F=H= = AI? D= @= J ? E?= ANF H=H ? @AIJ= = JH= =I FHE ?EF=EI

I FH NE

F=?J=

? => H= AI =FHAIA J=@=I FA

FHAIA JA JH=>= D =IIE

IKCAIJ AI @A JH=>= D I BKJKH I

%

+)2 67

2)4)618

- 64-

,, - 8-6 4 ,- *

-)

%

$ )

EIA @ 4A H@A = A J @ I )KJ


? = H@A AH @A @EIF IE = @A

=J I
@ I =KJ =J I I LAEI @= AIJHK = CK I @A I

)FHAIA J= IA AIJA ?=F JK JKH= @A 5) B H= ,, F @A E KA ?E=H JAIJ=@ I A =I ?

@ I HAIK J= JAI 2=H= J= J

? KI AI I

=GKE =FHAIA J=@=I

$  -NA F I @A

@A =CA

2=H= ANA?K ) C HEJ @A

@ I JAIJAI @A H@A JA = AIJHKJKH=

B H= ,,

AI? DE@ I = CK I =EI ?

@A I 5)

A JAIJ=@ I ? @A @AJAH E =H IA 455 @

E F A A J=@

8 HE=I H@A I ANEIJA JAI B H=

ANF H=@=I =

K = DAKH IJE?= GKA =F

F=?J= F II LA GKA HAFHAIA JA

HAIK J=@ @ I JAIJAI =F @A IE ?H ,, IAHE=

J= GKA K = > = H@A

F=H= @EIF IE

@ I =KJ

=J I = AIJHKJKH=

= JAH I =KJ

=J I GKA J

E JAH@AFA @
?E= I

?E=
=KJ

=EI FAHJ F II LA
=J I GKA F IIKA

LAEI

@= AIJHKJKH= )KJ

=J I GKA F IIKA ?E=I BK ?E

E JAH@AFA @ =EI A JHA IE

ALA J I

E = JAI K @AFA @

*=IE?= A JA JH I ? >E = @A H@A HA@K ) C HEJ GKA HAIK J= A

@A I 5)

B H= AH @A

JAIJ=@ I A =L= E=@ I =I IACKE JAI ? AH @A A ?  @ I =F I = =F E?= AH = @A @ I

@E AI F=H= ?=@= @= AJ=F= @A @A H@A A H AH

FH F IJ= =L= E K IA

@ I = JAI @= =F E?= JH=H GK= = ? A HA? >E =


 K

NE

 A .E = 
,, =EI ?

@= AJ=F= @=I HACH=I @A HA@K

> AJEL @AIIA JAIJA F=?J 

@A HA@K AI A?AII HE=I  K

.E =

NE

FHE AEH ANA F

.ECKH= !  @AI?HALA K

@A

$ =KJ

=J I IA

J=N=I BK ?E

=EI

% ! ALA J I

+)2 67

15- ,

4- 4,- ) - 6

, 5 )76

)6 5

?=EI A $ ALA J I IE ?H

E = JAI 7 ? K

@A

5)

? = IA

F=?J

AIF= @A

@A AI 5)

J=@ I FH @KJ @A % ' AIJ=@ I F H F IIKE K = E JAH@AFA @

455 @A =FA =I & AIJ=@ I -IIA = JAHE H # 

?E= = I F=HAI ?

B H A ANF E?=@

6=>A = %  -NA F

@A -LA J I 5E ?H

E = JAI A JHA 2=HAI @A )KJ

=J I

H@A

=N %' &! &! $&   ! ! # " 455 &

= & & & " ! ! " " " "

A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4) A(5) A(6) A(3) A(4) A(1) A(2) A(5) A(6) A(3) A(4) A(5) A(6) A(1) A(2) A(5) A(2) A(6) A(1) A(3) A(4) A(3) A(5) A(6) A(1) A(4) A(2) A(3) A(5) A(4) A(1) A(6) A(2) A(3) A(1) A(5) A(2) A(6) A(4) A(1) A(3) A(5) A(6) A(2) A(4) A(3) A(1) A(5) A(2) A(4) A(6) A(3) A(2) A(5) A(4) A(1) A(6)
255 % ' )L= E= @ I =GKA =I A I F IJ=I

AH .E = @A
GKA = E JAH@AFA @ LAEI @= AIJHKJKH= @A

@ I CAH=@ I 6=>A = % LAHE ?= IA GKA =I ?E= A JHA I F=HAI @A =KJ =J I AIJ ,, F=HAI A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4) A A(5) A(6)  

A D HAI H@A I

=FH NE =@= A JA @EI

AH .E =

&
IACK @ ANA F BK ?E ? =EI ' ALA J I =FHAIA J=@ .ECKH= "  @AI?HALA K ?=EI A " ALA J I IE ?H AIF= =J I @ = .ECKH= " GK=JH =KJ E = JAI AIF= @A @A % =KJ =J I IA J=N=I @A

@A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ @

J=>E E = # AIJ=@ I A GK= J GKA B H A ANE>E@ I =KJ ?E= E @ELE@K= ? JE

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI 455 HAFHAIA J= =FA =I $" GKE J =KJ ?=EI L= A JA GKA =I =J I AIJ =FH =J A(5) F IIKE E JAH@A @A

AIJ=@ I + FA @ @ EI

AIJA ANA F

A(1) A(2) A(3) A A(4) A GK= J GKA I

=J I A(6) A A(7) F IIKA

=FA =I ALA J I

>IAHL= @ IA A D HAI H@A I I

AH .E = @A
=GKA =I A

@ I CAH=@ I 6=>A = & LAHE ?= IA ?E= A JHA I F=HAI @A =KJ

GKA = E JAH@AFA @

$

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

%!
E = JAI

6=>A = &  -NA F

JEF I -LA J I 5E ?H

H@A

=N "$ $$ $ " # $ $ " #! % '& $ "

= # # # $ $ % % ' ' ' ' ' !!

A(1) A(2) A(5) A(3) A(4) A(6) A(7) A(6) A(1) A(2) A(5) A(3) A(4) A(7) A(6) A(7) A(1) A(2) A(5) A(3) A(4) A(1) A(2) A(3) A(5) A(4) A(6) A(7) A(1) A(5) A(2) A(3) A(4) A(6) A(7) A(1) A(2) A(5) A(3) A(6) A(4) A(7) A(6) A(1) A(7) A(2) A(5) A(3) A(4) A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4) A(5) A(6) A(7) A(5) A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4) A(6) A(7) A(1) A(2) A(5) A(6) A(3) A(4) A(7) A(1) A(6) A(2) A(5) A(3) A(7) A(4) A(6) A(1) A(2) A(7) A(5) A(3) A(4) A(1) A(2) A(6) A(5) A(7) A(3) A(4)
255 #

455 $"

A(1)
s1 l1 s1..s4 0
(5)

A(2)
s2 l2 s1..s4 1
(5)

A(3)
s3 l3 s1..s4 3
(5)

A(4)
s4 l4 s1..s4 5
(5)

(1)

(1)

(2)

(2)

(3)

(3)

(4)

1(4)

s1..s4 2
(5)

A(5)
4
(5)

s1..s4 s4 s2

s1..s4 6
(5)

7(5)

s2 s3

s1 s4

s3 s4

s2 s3 l5

s2 s1

A(6)
l6 l7 0
(6)

A(7)
l8 l9 1
(6)

(7)

1(7)

.ECKH= "  -NA F

JEF I -LA J I 5E ?H

E = JAI

%" NE =@= A JA @EIF IJ=I  E @AFA @A JA L= H @A # =BAJ=

+)2 67

15- ,

4- 4,- ) - 6

, 5 )76

)6 5

AH .E =
AH = @A FH NE I

# 6= >
AH

>IAHL= IA GKA = F IE ,, K IA = ? = @A

@ =KJ A

=J H

@ I @= AIJHKJKH=

J= J GKA I

F=HAI A(1) A(2) A A(3) A(4) AIJA =

@ I FAH = A?A ?

JAH?AEH A @A J=N=I ? 5) HAFHAIA J= %

JE

ANA F

=L= E=@ .ECKH= "!

L= A JA ?=EI A ?

? IIE?

@A =EI

= J=H @ I .E I B I E = JA 2 H ?=EI ? =FA =I = @A AA

@AIIA ANA F I B I ? AIF=

F IIKE A DK J=N=I BK ?E

ALA J IE ?H

" ALA J I

=EI % ALA J I I B FAC= =

IJ= JAI

@A AIJ=@ I FH @KJ @A

HAFHAIA J=@ F H &% AIJ=@ I ? FHE AEH A JHA A J=N=I BK ?E = ? C=HB ?

"& AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI 455 -IIA ? F HJ= A J =IIE I =KJ =J I @ @A JHE? F IIKA

=IIK A GKA

C=HB ? -IJA

AIGKAH@= FHE AEH= A JA A GK= J GKA I KJH I FAC= A?AII HE F=H= GKA E JAH@AFA @ IEIJA = HAFHAIA J= = HAIJHE @A KI @ HA?KHI C=HB =FA =I ? ?E= BK ?E

@EHAEJ= 6=

@A=@ ?

=EI + =H= A JA J @ I

I IAKI @ EI LE E D I E A@E=J I

A(1)

A(2)

A(3)

A(4)

A(5)

A(6)

A(7)

T (1) gl1 r1 L(1) gr1 R(1)


? ? ? ? ? ? ?

T (2) gr2 r2 R(2) gl2 L(2) fgl1 fgr2 fgr3 fgr4 fgr5 fgr6 fgr7
? ? ? ? ? ? ?

T (3) gr3 r3 R(3) gl3 L(3) gr1 gl2 gl3 gl4 gl5 gl6 gl7 fgr1 fgl2 fgl3 fgl4 fgl5 fgl6 fgl7
? ? ? ? ? ? ?

T (4) gr4 r4 R(4) gl4 L(4) r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r5

T (5) gr5 R(5) gl5 L(5) r6

T (6) gr6 R(6) gl6 L(6) r7

T (7) gr7 R(7) gl7 L(7)

6OFA -LA J 4=JA 6OFA -LA J 4=JA 6OFA -LA J 4=JA

gl1 gr2 gr3 gr4 gr5 gr6 gr7

fgl1 = (st A(2) == T (2)) fgr2 = (st A(1) == T (1)) fgr3 = (st A(2) ! = L(2)) fgr4 = (st A(3) ! = L(3)) fgr5 = (st A(4) ! = L(4)) fgr6 = (st A(5) ! = L(5)) fgr7 = (st A(6) ! = L(6))

fgr1 = (st A(7) ! = L(7)) fgl2 = (st A(3) == T (3)) fgl3 = (st A(4) == T (4)) fgl4 = (st A(5) == T (5)) fgl5 = (st A(6) == T (6)) fgl6 = (st A(7) == T (7)) fgl7 = (st A(1) ! = R(1))

.ECKH= "!  -NA F

= J=H @ I .E I B I

=EI K = LA A JA GKA =I AIJ

>IAHL= @ IA

AH .E = @A
=GKA =I A

@ I CAH=@ I 6=>A = ' LAHE ?= IA ?E= A JHA I =KJ

L=

A D HAI H@A I I

GKA = E JAH@AFA @

=J I LE E D I @A H@A

@EIF IJ I =FH NE =@= A JA 

AH .E =

"# 3K= GKAH KJH= @EIF IE

$

-:- 2

5 ,-

,- )/-

%#

6=>A = '  -NA F

= J=H @ I .E I B I

H@A

=N %$ %#% &!$ &!#

= "# #! & "

A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4) A(5) A(6) A(7) A(1) A(7) A(2) A(6) A(3) A(5) A(4) A(1) A(4) A(7) A(3) A(6) A(2) A(5) A(1) A(3) A(5) A(7) A(2) A(4) A(6)
255 =F E?=@= HAIK J K A J=@ I = JAI @= HA@K K = AIJHKJKH= @A  NE &% ,,

455 "& KEJ FE H ?  IE@AH= @ = > I .E =  AH @A AI

 A =F I = HA@K

%$

+)2 67

15- ,

4- 4,- ) - 6

, 5 )76

)6 5

%%

% +

IE@AH= AI .E =EI
= C HEJ F=H= =H = A = A J @ 455 F=H= @A 52 = KJE E = @A B H = EI 5)

-IJA AIJK@ =FHAIA J K K KJE E = @ = AIJHKJKH= @A .AHH= A J=I 52 ?E ? = = AIF= AH @A AIJ=@ I HAIA J=@ I &

,,

?=I @ B H = EI J @ I >=IA=@ I A ,, @A

@= AIJHKJKH= @A

,, F=H= =H = A = A J @ 455 GKA KJE E = @A AIJ=@ I I

IJH K IAH ? =H= A JA LE LA A L= J= I= % & AIJHKJKH=I @A @=@ I @A J= = D FH F H @A I A JHA =E HAI I NE

?=F= AI @A HAFHAIA J=H

104 A 106 &


@A I

J @ >=IA=@ A

IJH K IAH ?=F= @A HAFHAIA J=H

CH= @A = @A 9.18 10626 A =?HA@EJ= IA GKA

@A I =E @=

F II LAEI @A IAH HAF

= C HEJ IK K = A? A J H @A L=IJ E= A

=GKE FH F IJ F=H= A JA LE LA = A >A HE= = @A

B H = EI

@A 5)

@A +=F JK

IJH K =JH=L I @A ANA F I @A " @A 255 IJH=H= GKA ? =E HAI GKA 104 A ? 255 A J H @A

@A =CA I IAH ECK=

6AIJAI =FHAIA J=@ I A

E BAHE H F=H= ANA F @A @A ?

@A I GKA F IIKA @ I .E I B I 

AH @A AIJ=@ I E =JE C LAEI ?AH?= @A HE= F=H=

I @A 1% @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LAEI ,A B=J I B I ? 255 @A 106 ? K

1010 B E IKFAHE H = 99% A F=H=


@A '&

F=HJE D= A J @A HA?KHI I ?

) ?

@EII

= >JA ? ?

@ 455 @ = @A E

@A @= BK

5)

IA

A?AIIEJ=H @= CAH= @A = @AIIA B H = EI

@ AIF= J= > ) J ? E?=

@A ,,

AIJ=@ I FH @KJ >A IE@AH=@ K = ANECA =FA =I GKA K

@A =JE CE>E E@=@A @ FKJ=?E

F @A IAH

A D HE= F=H=

JH=J= A J ?

K J @A AIJ=@ I E E?E=EI IA = E B H =@ = FHE HE

B=J @A = BAHH= A J= 2-25 HAGKAHAH K = GK= JE@=@A A AL=@= @A H= JA = =L= E= 5) = B=IA @A CAH= @= I K @ AIF= AIJ=?E HE= @ @A 2-25 GKA =L= E= =I FH >=>E E@=@AI @A FAH = @A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA @ ?E= @A

HE= @EIF @A K

LA @K @A @KH= JA =L= E=

IACK @= AJ=F= @= ANA?K

I AIJ=@ I C >=EI A AL K AIJA JH=>= D =

%& B H = @ ? IK @A A

+)2 67

51,-4)

-5 .1 )15

HE= KJE E =@ @KH= JA = ANA?K B ?=H= =FA =I ? IK J K IA GKA FE? @A @E

@ = C HEJ = @A A A? A

I JAIJAI =F E?=@ I @AIJA GKA = IA J= ?

= I ANA F I @A @ = C HEJ ) ? @EII IJEJKA

@A =CA

HE= F EI

CK @= AJ=F= @ 2-25 E E?E= 2 H FH F IJ ) C HEJ = HA= E = F ?=KI=I @AIIA FH > A = = AJ=F= @A CAH= IAH HA=L= E=@= ? JH=J=H IA @A FH F IJ= F=H= = HA@K

HE= C=IJ @KH= JA = ANA?K EIAI =F = IAG ?E= @AIJA = C HEJ FHE ?EF= @ALA ) > I JA =I ,, =GKE

 F=HA?AK IAH A AL=@ @A AIJ=@ I ? @ KI @A A

2HE AEH=I =

@A HA@K AI @= AIJHKJKH= @A

,, =FA =I =F I HE= @KH= JA = CAH= B H=

F IIE>E E@=@AI @A JH=>= D I BKJKH I @A FAIGKEI= A GKA A D HE=I GKA E JAHBAHA = B H =E =

=GKE ANF H=@=I F H

@= ? HHAJK@A @= J ? E?=

) AJ=F= @A CAH= FH F A @A = AI I 7 = F II LA

@ I AIJ=@ I ? JE E =

@E AI A ?

IAG

?E=I =FHAIA J=@ FA E = JAI A

) C HEJ

=H = A = A J = FHE HE @A J @ I I AIJ=@ I (Cd (e) ) A (Cq (e) ) F=H= J @ I I ALA J I @ IAHE= =H = A =H I ALA J I IE ?H =J I AIJAI ? HHA @ ? CE?=I @ >A ? @A K = AIJHKJKH= -II=I E B H @EII AH @A =KJ K J I? A @E GK=EI =KJ IAKI AIJ=@ I HECA 5) F H ANA F @ I?

GKA E@A JE GKA A KJH= AIJHKJKH= ? =J I ALA J I @ AIF= A? FA IAG

A?AII HE=I F=H= @AJAH E = =I E B H = AI J F ?=EI @A

K J (Cd (e) ) A (Cq (e) ) = F IJAHE HE )

AH @A AIJ=@ I B= IA A?AII HE = >=I AIJHKJKH=I FAH EJEH EIA HA A@E= @ =IIE ? IK

,AII= B H = @KH= JA = ANF H= = CAH= AN?AIIEL @A HE= HAGKAHE@

=JE C LA @

?E= @KH= JA = =

IAK =JK= =H = A = A J = FHE HE

) HA@K " = % J= > A @A A

@A

@ I HAFAJE@ I = AIJHKJKH= @A F @A IAH HA=L= E=@= LEI= @ = @A

,, =FHAIA J=@ FA =

) C HEJ

 E D=I FE? @A C= D

A D HE=I @A FAHB H = ?A 7 = E@ E= IAHE= HA @A LAHE ?=H IA ANF H= J= FHA EII= 6 @=LE= = =@E @ALA ?KE@=@ I= A JA =L= E=H IA K

= E =H ?E? I @A HA@K AI @KH= JA HE= @E E KEHE= ,A B=J = HE= ? @ I F=II I @A HA@K

FHE ?EF= @AIJA = C HEJ ,, F=H= 52 IK

FHE ?EF= @ ) C HEJ

F=H=@ = =K A J @ ?

@A +27 IAH L E@

) HA= A ?E =

?E= @ = C HEJ = C HEJ

=GKE FH F IJ =E @= AIJ

HA = @EIF

= GKAIEJ I @A FAHB H = ?A @A J @=I =I BK ?E LAEI -IFA?E ?= A JA = E@=@AI B H JH=J= A J

F @A =E @= IAH =L= E=@= ? A JA FH F IJ=I FA

F AJ= A JA F EI = E F A A J=

%' @EHAJ @A BK KJE E = IF JA ? AI J=N=I BK ?E =EI FH F IJ FA J=N=I BK ?E @ I =KJ ) C HEJ ! =E @= B E E F A A J=@ =EI F=H= =KJ B H = EI 5) I

ANA F I =GKE =FHAIA J=@ ? @= J ? E?= @A ? LAHI @A JAI IA ?

=EI B H= =J I ?

JH=J=@ I @A B H = E F ?EJ= =JH=L I @= J=N=I BK ?E =J I ? HHA @ = C HEJ A J=EI FHA

KI @A J=N=I BK ?E

=EI +=>A I= EA J=H GKA AIJ= FHE AEH= LAHI

> AJEL FH L=H IK= LE=>E E@=@A A ? HHAJK@A @A KI F=H= FH L=@=I =JH=L I @ I ANA F I @A

HH C=JEL=I B H= E F A A J=@

@A =CA I JAIJ=@ I =JH=L I @ FH J JEF

?HEJ HE @A H@A =FHAIA J=@ I IE ? I = AEH= +=F JK

GKA I =KJ $ +

=J I I

@EIF IJ I = AIJHKJKH= @A =J I GKA F IIKA IAH @EIF IJ I AIF=

,,

J= >

B=J H E F HJ= JA F=H= JE E = JH= IE AI IE ?H =EI ? F=?J=

@AIJ= -IJA B E ANAH?EJ=@ =JH=L I @A ANA F I @A IJ=J K IA GKA I =KJ E JAH@AFA @ =EI FH NE =EI @ALA

@A =CA I ?E= A JHA F II LA

E = JAI A J=N=I BK ?E ,, =

LAEI @= AIJHKJKH= @A

@A HAFHAIA J=H IA

@A AIJ=@ I =JE C LA @A K =

) ?

F ANE@=@A @ = C HEJ J= = D @ =KJ @ = C HEJ

FH F IJ B E ?KE@=@ I= A JA =L= E=@= A @A =J A ?=I NE ?=H AH J J= @A ALA J I @ AH @A ALA J I A $ LA AI =E H @A

IJH K GKA J=

JA F @A ANA?K JA = GKA I @A =E H CH= @A =

@AIJA AIJ GK=@H=JE?= A JA =II ?E=@ = @K=I E F HJ= JAI L=HE LAEI @ IEI )JH=L I @= FH L K IA GKA A AH @A =KJ =J I @ >H=H

JA F @A ANA?K

,A JHA @A =EI J FE? I @A E JAHAIIA ECK= IE@AH=@ I E JACH=@=I AI LAHI A D HE=I = C FH=

A JA L E@ I = IAHA

=FH BK @=@ I F H FH F IJ

? = BAHH= @ @=

F @A IA ?EJ=H = E JACH= +

@ = C HEJ

A J= 2-25 6 @=LE= IAHE= E JAHAII= JA GKA =I FH J JEF ANEIJA JA @ = C HEJ

A D HE=I =GKE A A ?=@=I IA = A D HE=I A ?

FHE AEH= A JA I E@=

IAG A JA A JA = FH F IJ= @A E ? KI

= BAHH= A J= 2-25 @=HE= IA =FA =I =F I AIJ= AJ=F= @A E @AFA @A JA

+ K = FH

B H A HAII= J=@ EII H= B B H = EI

KEJ =E @= FHA?EI= IAH BAEJ @A 5) GKA GK= @ ?

=I =?HA@EJ= IA GKA AIIA AIJK@ E E?E= IA = @ AIF= @A AIJ=@ I I E@=@=I JH=H B H = EI E GKAIJE @A 5) LAEI >A AB ?E I

JA @A E B H = @A HA= E@=@AI ?

= HAIFAEJ @A J ? E?=I @A JE E = F AN=I KJE E = @ IA

=JE C LA F=H= = E F A A J=

&

+)2 67

51,-4)

-5 .1 )15

&

4ABAH

?E=I

)JEB = @ * 2 =JA=K 5J ?D=IJE? )KJ

=J= AJM H I B H

@A E C F=H= A IOIJA I 1---

6H= I=?JE
. *=I AJJ

5 BJM=HA - CE AAHE C % '!& ''


+D= @O 4 K J = @ . 2= =?E I AHI FA + IA@ = @ ENA@ AJM H I B

3KAKAI MEJD ,E AHA J + =IIAI B +KIJ ! ) *A 6 8AH =C " * *AO=AHJ / . HE KIE C 5J ?D=IJE? 2AJHE 2 ? = @5 EJ *HA

KH =

B JDA )+

  "& $ '%#

AH 2 .AH = @AI * 2 =JA=K = @ 9

5JAM=HJ 6DA 2-25 5 BJM=HA 1 E EI 75) ! 5FHE CAH

1 2AHB H = ?A 6

5 ! 7H>= = = @

JE?A

=J E

-L= K=JE

B?

FKJAH IOIJA

@AFA @=>E EJO

AJI 1 2H ?AA@E CI B JDA 11th 1 JAH =JE K A '& 1--- +

= 5O F IEK

.=K J

6 AH= J +

FKJE C F=CAI " $ 2 HJ = @


AAH = @

FKJAH 5 ?EAJO 2HAII

# / * ?D 5 /HAE AH 0 @A 5 I AM ; H

5 6HELA@E 3KAKAE C

AJM H I = @ I

=H L +D=E I
D 9E AO 

@A E C = @ 2AHB H = ?A -L= K=JE


; 75) ''& A=

MEJD +

FKJAH 5?EA ?A )FF E?=JE

$ 4 - *HO= J 5O > E? *

= EFK =JE

MEJD H@AHA@ >E =HO @A?EIE

@E=CH= I )+

FKJE C 5KHLAOI
= @ 2

"! '!!& '' A FAH 0EAH=H?DE?= HA=?D=>E EJO CH=FD CA AH=JE ! &!# =JA E  5JAM=HJ - 5K =E = =HCA =H L @A I AM B H 2AJHE AJI

% 2 *K?DD

. H =
&

AJD @I E 5OIJA I ,AIEC


5 ,

; +DK C / +E=H@ = @ ANE? ;K ) + 75) )FHE F=HEI 1 12,25

0A * 2 =JA=K 9 @A E C

B 5JHK?JKH= . H = EI I B H

ANJ /A AH=JE

5 BJM=HA 2H CH=
2HAII

5. /5

21 9 H ID F 5= J= .A

" )+

& ' / +E=H@ 9D=J = IJHK?JKH= M H @ 1 2 2

4-.-4

+1)5 *1* 1 /4 .1+)5

 2H ?AA@E CI B JDA 'JD E JAH =JE @A I 2 2  F=CA ! 9=IDE CJ

=
,+

9 H ID F
75)

2AJHE

AJI = @ 2AHB H = ?A
FKJAH 5 ?EAJO

 1--- +

 / +E=H@ = @ ) 5

E AH 5J H=CA ) JAH =JELAI B H =HCA 5JHK?JKHA@ 5J=JA 5F=?AI 1 'JD

1 JAH =JE -L= K=JE


  ! 4 4 ,7 )@@EI " , + '$ # ) 6DA $ 2 A =? I =? I =

= +

BAHA ?A

@A E C 6A?D EGKAI = @ 6 +5 F=CAI ""#% 5J FAH=JE


=

I B H +

FKJAH 2AHB H = ?A

L K A  "# B

.H= ?A ''% 5FHE CAH 8AH =C

AJM H I B M=EJE C E AI

I 4AIA=H?D # #&#  '#%


'$!

>ID F E A GKAKAE C IOIJA I - 0 F?H BJ

= =CA A J 5?EA ?A  !" =J= JDA HO = CK=CAI = @ ?

1 JH @K?JE

J =KJ

FKJ=JE

9AI AO '%' EJJ A ) FH B B JDA GKAKAE C B H K = L = W

FAH=JE C 4AIA=H?D ' !&!!&%

=HI=

/ *= >

= @/ +

JA 2AHB H = ?A

@A I B

K JEFH ?AII H IOIJA I

16 2HAII '&$ AH E = @ , .=H>AH 4A? LAH=>E EJO B + K E?=JE 2H J ? I 1 F E?=JE I

B = 6DA HE?= 5JK@O 1--- 6H= I=?JE % ) 5 E AH

K E?=JE

"' !$"! '%$ @E=CH= I 1 1

- ?EA J IJ=JA IF=?A CA AH=JE

B /52 I KIE C @A?EIE

JAH =JE

= +

BAHA ?A

,AFA @=> A 5OIJA I = @


K A  1--- +

AJM H I ,5

  F=CAI $!%$"$

9=IDE CJ & ) 5

,+ 75)

FKJAH 5 ?EAJO = @ IJ H=CA KIE C @A?EIE

E AH = @ / +E=H@

- ?EA J HA=?D=>E EJO IAJ CA AH=JE

@E=CH= I 1 2H ?AA@E CI B JDA 20th 1 JAH =JE

= +

BAHA ?A

)FF E?=JE

I = @ 6DA HO

B 2AJHE
'

AJI F=CAI $ # 9E E= I>KHC 8) 75)

K A ''' 5FHE CAH 8AH =C AJI

O 2AHB H = ?A = = OIEI KIE C IJ ?D=IJE? 2AJHE

1--- 6H= I=?JE

+
 ,

FKJAHI + !' '!'% '&


A= @/ KJJ =?H - AJI HAFHAIA J=JE & %&% % '%! B F=H= A IOIJA I 1--- 6H= I=?

JE

FKJAHI +

4-.-4

+1)5 *1* 1 /4 .1+)5

&! *=@E= 2AJHE AJ ) = OIEI 7IE C * A=

 - 2=IJ H = EFK =JE L K A &# B * 2 =JA=K

4 EC

+ HJ=@A = = @ 4

1 #JD 1 JAH =JE

= +

BAHA ?A
=H=C I= 5F=E

)FF E?=JE

= @ 6DA HO B 2AJHE

AJI

+5 F=CAI "$"!#

''" 5FHE CAH 8AH =C = @ IO ?DH E =JE @A I B H @EI

JDA IJ ?D=IJE? IJHK?JKHA B F=H= A EI

JHE>KJA@ = C HEJD I 1 2H ?AA@E CI B JDA '&# )+

51/ -641+5 ?

BAHA ?A

A=

IKHA A JI = @
'&# )+ ! 2HAII

@A E C B +

FKJAH 5OIJA I F=CAI "%#" )KIJE

6AN=I 7 EJA@ 5J=JAI

4AEIAH = @ 5 5

=LA >AHC %  !!!

A= L= KA = = OIEI B ? IA@ '& = @ @A EJE

K JE?D=E GKAKAE C AJM H I

KH =
" .

B JDA )+

9 5O

I 6DA @AI?HEFJE

B 3KAKAE C 5OIJA I >O K AHE?= 2AJHE

AJI )KIJH= E= 6A A? #

K E?=JE

4AIA=H?D ! ! '& FKJAH I?EA ?A =FF E

5 6HELA@E 2H >=>E EJO  IJ=JEIJE?I MEJD HA E=>E EJO GKAKE C = @ ?

?=JE
$ 9 2HAII

I - C AM
K>AHA

@ + E I 2HA JE?A 0= 6E A@ 2AJHE

AM ; H

; 75) '& 1 2H ?AA@E CI

AJI = @ 2HA E E =HO 2AHB H = ?A -L= K=JE

B JDA 7th )

K= 5O F IEK

FKJAH )H?DEJA?JKHA

= *=K A .H= ?A '& )+

Você também pode gostar