UNIT 8: Genetics DAYSHEET 88: Monohybrid Cross Practice & Formative Quiz Name _____________________________________

Biology I Date: __________

Catalyst/Bellringer: Directions: Identify the following alleles as dominant (D) or recessive (r): 1. D _____ 2. j ______ 3. M______ 4. g ______

5. What does it mean for an allele to dominant? ______________________________________ 6. What does it mean for an allele to be recessive? ____________________________________ Directions: Identify the following as homozygous (Ho) or heterozygous (He): 7. Ff _____ 8. ff _____ 9. FF _____ 10. Yy_____

11. What does it mean to be homozygous? __________________________________________ 12. What does it mean to be heterozygous? __________________________________________ Directions: Identify the following as part of your phenotype (P) or your genotype (G): 13. Brown Hair _____ 14. Eye Color _____ 15. Your DNA _____ 16. What does your phenotype include? ____________________________________________ 17. What does your genotype include? _____________________________________________ 16. Your alleles (B, b, M, m) _____ 17. The size of your bones _____

Activity 1: Punnett Square Recap Steps to Solving Punnett Square Problems: 1. HAMMER out the question (use test strategies) 2. Make a key for your alleles 3. Write the parents genotypes ____ x_____ 4. Write parents alleles across the top and side 5. Fill in the Punnett Square 6. Answer the question! Some things to keep in mind about Punnett Square: Punnett Squares give you a _________________________! They do not give you the actual outcome of a cross! Every time two parents mate the chances ___________________________________! Example: Hairy bees are dominant to smooth bees. Cross a heterozygous hairy bee with a bee that is smooth.
!

* Key ______ = Hairy

!

_______ = Smooth

* Parents : _________ X __________ What is the probability an offspring of this cross will be heterozygous? What is the probability an offspring of this cross will be smooth? What is the expected ratio of hairy to smooth bees?

Activity 2: More Punnett Square Practice

1. In pea plants, the allele for puffed pods is dominant, and the allele for pinches pods is recessive. Two peas that are both heterozygous for pod shape are crossed. What is the probability (%) an offspring from this cross will have a pinched pod? Key: _____ = Puffed _____ = Pinched Parents: _______ x ________

Answer:

2. In pigs, curly tail is dominant to straight tail. A homozygous recessive pig is crossed with a heterozygous pig. What is the expected ratio of curly to straight tails in the offspring? Key: _____ = Normal Cheetah _____ = King Cheetah Parents: _______ x ________

Answer:

3. In Labrador retrievers, brown fur is recessive to black fur. Two brown dogs are crossed. What is the
expected ratio of brown to black dogs in the litter? Key: _____ = Black _____ = Brown Parents: _______ x ________

Answer:

4. In humans, having 5 fingers (A) is dominant to having 2 fingers (a). Two parents who are both
carriers (heterozygous) have already had a child with 2 fingers. What is the probability (%) their next child will also have 2 fingers? Key: _____ = 5 fingers _____ = 2 fingers Parents: _______ x ________

Answer:

5. Cheetahs with a unique fur pattern are referred to as king cheetahs. The allele for this fur pattern is recessive. A heterozygous cheetah is crossed with a king cheetah. What is the likelihood (%) the offspring will be a king cheetah? Key: _____ = 5 fingers _____ = 2 fingers Parents: _______ x ________

Answer:

6. In elephants, having tusks is a dominant trait, while the absence of tusks is recessive. A homozygous dominant elephant is crossed with an elephant with no tusks. What is the expected ratio of elephants with tusks to elephants without tusks in the offspring? Key: _____ = 5 fingers _____ = 2 fingers Parents: _______ x ________

Answer:

Directions: In the next set of questions, there will not be black spaces to fill in for your key, parents, Punnett Square, etc. You have to remember the steps on your own and write those things out for yourself!!! 7. For a species of aliens, oval eyes are dominant to round eyes. A homozygous dominant alien has a baby with a round-eyed alien. What is the probability the baby will have oval eyes?

8. For a species of aliens, tall eyeballs is dominant to short eyeballs. Two heterozygous aliens mate. What is the expected ratio of tall to short-eyeballs children?

9. For a species of alien, 4 fingers is dominant to 5 fingers. Two aliens with five fingers are crossed. What is the probability their offspring will have 5 fingers?

10. Two heterozygous aliens were crossed. For this species, six legs is dominant to three legs. What is the expected ratio of six legs to three legs in the offspring?

Directions: SUPER CHALLENGE PUNNETT SQUARE PROBLEMS! (Hint: You may have to draw more than one Punnett Square to figure out the right answer!) 11. In horses, the allele for long manes (M) is dominant. The allele for short manes (m) is recessive. Two horses were crossed: one male with a short mane and one female with a long mane. All of the offspring were born with a long mane. What is the mothers genotype? A. bb B. BB C. Bb D. all of the above

12. In a species of pea plant, the allele for yellow peas (Y) is dominant to the allele for green peas (y). Students crossed a homozygous green pea plant with a yellow pea plant of unknown genotype and recorded the color of the offspring. Their data is shown below. Pea Color Yellow Green Number of Offspring 100 100

What is most likely the unknown genotype of the yellow pea plant? A. YY B. Yy C. yy D. all of the above

13. In pigs, the allele for curly tail (T) is dominant to the allele for straight tail. Students crossed male and female pigs that had curly tails and recorded the tail shape of their offspring. Their data is shown below. Tail Shape Curly Straight What are the most likely genotypes of the parent pigs? A. TT and tt B. Tt and Tt C. tt and tt D. TT and Tt Number of Offspring 75 25

Congratulations!!! You have finished your Monohybrid Crosses Practice Problems. Call your teacher over to check your work.

Advanced Genetics: Dihybrid Crosses Go back to www.Biomonsters.com. Click on the CHS Academic Biology Movies link. Watch the Introduction to Dihybrid Crosses video posted under Unit 8 to complete the Cornell notes below. Lets review Mendels Peas So far weve focused on the transmission of just a single trait from one generation to the next. Example:

What if we wanted to predict the outcome for both traits at the same time? Cross one pea plant that is heterozygous for seed color and height, with another pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits.

What do you do with your parents? Parent 1: Parent 2:

Dihyrbrid Cross Practice Problems: 1. Kangaroo rats come in two fur colors, white and the dominant color black. They also have either red eyes or the recessive color green. What is the probability of two parents who are both heterozygous for both traits having offspring that have white fur and green eyes?

2. Aliens can have the recessive blue skin color or red skin color. It is also possible for them to have antennae if theyve received at least one dominant allele for this trait. What would the genotypic and phenotypic rations be for offspring of a blue skinned alien who is heterozygous for antennae and an alien heterozygous for skin color with no antennae?

HW88: More Punnett Square Practice Name: ___________________________ Date: ______________

Biology I

Directions: Use the following information about a population of rats to answer the questions TRAIT Teeth Color Coat Color Tail Length Body Shape Ear Shape DOMINANT ALLELE White (T) Grey (G) Long (L) Fat (F) Round (R) RECESSIVE ALLELE orange (t) white (g) Stubby (l) Skiny (f) Pointed (r)

1. A rat that is homozygous dominant for round ears (RR) is crossed with a homozygous recessive rat with pointed ears (rr). What is the probability the offspring will have round ears?

2. Two rats that are heterozygous for tail length are crossed. What is the expected ratio of long to stubby-tailed rats in the offspring?

3. A heterozygous, grey-colored rat is crossed with a white rat. What is the probability an offspring from this cross will be white?

4. Two rats with orange teeth are crossed. What is the expected ratio of white to orange-toothed rats?

5. Two rats that are heterozygous for body shape are crossed. What is the probability the offspring will be skinny?