Angles, Azimuths and Bearings

Chapter 7

Subdivision Drawing
Drawing shows bearings of the Centerline of each roadway and the tangent distance between points. Each lot is defined using bearings and line lengths. This is an example of a metes and bounds survey.

Reference Meridians
Geodetic North-south reference line that passes through a mean position of the earths geographic poles. True Meridian Astronomic North-south reference line at any time that passes through the instantaneous position of the earths geographic poles. Determined by Field Procedure. Nearly the same as Geodetic value. Magnetic Defined by a freely suspended magnetic needle that is only influenced by the earths magnetic field. Grid Defined by a state or other plan coordinate system. Record Directional references referred to in a boundary survey. Deed meridians are used in the description of a parcel of land. Assumed Meridians established by assigning any arbitrary direction. For example: The centerline of East Parkway South is assumed to run north-south.

Reference Meridians

Horizontal Angles
Interior Angles Exterior Angles Deflection Angles (Interior Angle = 360 Exterior Angle) (Always less than 180 degrees)

Angles can be measured from the right or from the left. Novice surveyors should always turn angles to their right.

Closed Traverse

Open Traverse

Azimuths
OA = 70 from the North Clockwise OB = 145 from the North Clockwise OC = 235 from the North Clockwise OD = 330 from the North Clockwise OC = 55 from the South Clockwise OD = 150 from the South Clockwise

Bearings
OA = N 70 00 00 E OB = S 35 00 00 E OC = S 55 00 00 W OD = N 30 00 00 W

Forward and Back Bearings

Forward and Back Bearings