CC604- ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL

CHAPTER 3- AIR POLLUTION

NAME:

AIR POLLUTANT
is any substance in the atmosphere that is

Human, plant or animal life

likely to cause harm to:

Damage to man-made materials and structures Changes in weather or climate

Interfere with enjoyment of life or property

SOURCE OF POLLUTANT
Natural

Anthropogenic
Mobile Stationary

Point Source Non-point Source

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT, 1974 (ACT127)

Definition :

Air impurities includes smoke, soot, ash(including fly ash), coal, debris, solid particle of any kind, including particle-particle, gases, vapors, mists, odors and radioactive substances amitted from combustion of fuel and material similar or the use of electricity as a source of heating or from synthesize, resolution or any recovery and any other material that be precribed by Minister as the material that can effect human health or the environment of life (page 65)

MATERIAL AIR POLLUTANTS

Occur when there are contaminants in the air Two main group: a) pollutant gases b) particulate pollutant

POLLUTANT GASES

SULFUR OXIDES
Produce from burning fossil fuels 66% came from power plant 22% came from industries 7% came from oil refineries 3% came from vehicle

NITROGEN OXIDE
Can be dissolve in water to form nitrous acid and nitric acid Came from burning fuel suc as oil, coal, woodand gases. Action of bacteria in the soil and lighting May cause lung disease, eye irritation and respiratory problem.

CARBON MONOXIDE
Is colorless gas, odorless and no smell and taste. Produce from incomplete combustion of carbonaceus fuel. 70% due to smoke produced by vehicles engine.

OZONE
Secondary pollutant and organic oxidizing agent. Smoke vehicle are major contributor in the formation of ozonein the atmosphere.

HYDROCARBON
Production of volatile organic compound, VOD Typically it is a product of petroleum Main source are from chemical production, transportation and processing of crude oil and natural gas.

PARTICULATE POLLUTANT

FUMES
Fumes quite fine particles with diameters between 0.03-0.3m Solid particles of metloxides are usually formed by the evaporation process of vapor through sudlimation, distillation or chemical reactions processes. Zinc and lead oxides frm the process of evaporation and oxidation of volatile metals at high temperatures.

FOG / MIST
It is liquid particles formed by evaporation of steam and probably through a chemical reaction. Example : a) The formation of sulfuric acid mist.

CC604 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

AFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH

Worsen the chronic diseases. Death by heat stroke can occur if the temperature exceeds 40.6c. Affect growth and yeild of crops such as tomatoes, sugar beet and potatoes, thereby reducing the income of farmers and food supplies. Cause and effect of pollutants on human health.

THINNING THE OZONE LAYER

The layer that protects us from solar radiation. Emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) will thinning the ozone layer. Can cause skin cancer

ACID RAIN
The emissions such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and and nitrogen dioxide (N02) combined with rain will form acid rain. Can kill plants and fish. Can erode the clothing, paper and building materials.

RISING EARTH TEMPERATURE

Carbon dioxide gas (C02) that is too much in the air will trap heat. Will cause temperature heats up. will occur flooding due to melthing chunks of ice at the poles and drought in some part of the world.

MEASURES TO MITIGATE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING.

Throught the legislation : Environmental Quality Act 1974 (release of smoke emissions and open burning). Use of unleaded dasoline and uses of a new generation diesel engines. Reforestation Relocation of farming shifting Restrict deforestation Vehicles driven by cell reduce the burning of fossil fuels.