34(2), 97-106

Tp ch CC KHOA HC V TRI T

6-2012

C IM A CHT TNG NNG DI VEN SNG HNG - TY H - H NI THEO TI LIU A VT L

NGUYN VN GING1, NOBORU HIDA2, MAKSIM BANO3 E-mail: giangnv@igp-vast.vn 1 Vin Vt l a cu - Vin KH&CN Vit Nam 2 Akita University, Japan 3 EOST - Strasbourg University, France Ngy nhn bi: 8 - 4 - 2012 1. M u Nghin cu cu trc a cht - a cht thy vn di ven sng Hng thuc thnh ph H Ni bng cc ti liu kho st a vt l gp phn lm c s khoa hc cho vic trin khai cc n thm lc trong quy hoch qun l v khai thc ngun nuc di t c ngha khoa hc v thc tin hin nay. Nh chng ta bit, vng ven sng, h c iu kin thun li xy dng cc cng trnh khai thc thm. Nguyn l lm vic ca cng trnh khai thc thm ven b l khi khai thc, mc nc di t h thp xung di mc nc sng hoc h, t cc ngun nc mt s thm xuyn qua cc lp t b sung cho cng trnh khai thc [3]. Thc cht l mt dng b sung t nhin n gin, thun li v mt mt li dng c cc ngun nc trn mt sn c m khng cn phi xy dng cc bn cha nhn to cho nc thm, mt khc cc cng trnh khai thc thng c lu lng ln v cht lng tt. Sng Hng, on t Vit Tr n ht a phn thnh ph H Ni c nhiu iu kin t nhin, iu kin a cht - a cht thy vn trin vng tt xy dng cc cng trnh khai thc thm [4, 13]. gp phn minh chng cho lun im trn y, mt t hp cc phng php a vt l c thc hin nh o su in i xng (VES) v o su mt ct in (EP) kiu Schlumberger; o in t tn s rt thp (VLF); o Georadar (GPR), nhm tm ra cu trc a cht - a cht thy vn tng nng c kh nng p ng cho cng tc b sung tng cha nc di t ti di ven sng Hng, Ty H, H Ni m kt qu nghin cu kho st s c trnh by di y. V mun tip cn ti a, trc tip n cu trc di ven sng v di ct ni gia lng sng, nn cc phng php o a vt l phi tin hnh trong cc thi k mc nc sng h xung thp nht c th v vo ma kh. Do , cc t kho st a vt l y c thc hin t 2006 n 2010.
2. S lc v iu kin t nhin vng nghin cu

Vng nghin cu l di ven sng Hng t cu Thng Long n cu Long Bin thuc a phn qun Ty H, thnh ph H Ni. y l khu vc bng phng thuc ng bng aluvi tr tui Holocen hnh thnh t 4000 nm trc [4, 13], cao tuyt i 6-8m v c c im kh hu chung vi ton b ng bng chu th sng Hng l nhit i m c gi ma vi nhit khng kh bnh qun nm l 23,4C. Ma nng ng thi l ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng 10, chim khong 85% lng ma c nm (lng ma trung bnh nm l 1532mm) nn thi k ny c d nc ln. Ma kh t thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau l ma t ma, lng ma t hn lng bc hi; l thi k ht nc [7, 13]. Sng Hng l sng ln th hai Vit Nam bt ngun t Trung Quc chy qua Vit Nam di 510km. Chiu rng ca sng thay i theo cc thi k trong nm t 480 n 1440m vi lu lng bnh qun trong thi k t 1990 n nay l 2640m3/s. 97

V ma l mc nc sng dng cao, thng trn 10m tc l cao hn b mt ng bng trong . Ma kh t nc nhng li b khai thc mnh m ti. Nc sng Hng ni chung tt v thnh phn ho hc, ring c rt ln c bit l v ma l. cao tuyt i y sng (ch su nht) t 0,2 n 2,0m [4, 5]. 3. Khi qut v c im a cht Khu vc nghin cu nm trong i H Ni c lch s pht trin a cht gm 3 giai on ln: Neoproterozoi - Cambri sm, Mesozoi v Neogen t. Thi k Neogen, do s ti hot ng mnh m
Gii H Thng Holocen Kainozoi t Pleistocen Neogen

ca cc t gy su Sng L, Sng Chy, Vnh Ninh, vng trng H Ni hnh thnh cu trc dng khi tng. Dc cc t gy su din ra qu trnh tch gin to nn cc a ho, a hnh b ln chm, nc bin ln su vo lc a lng ng h tng Vnh Bo (N2vb) dy khong 50-350m. n cui Pliocen gia li c nng cao chu s bc mn. n t cc qu trnh ln chm v nng cao din ra c tnh chu k dn n bin tin cng vi qu trnh lng ng cc trm tch vi nhng kiu ngun gc khc nhau hnh thnh cc h tng L Chi, H Ni, Vnh Phc, Hi Hng, Thi Bnh [13]. Thang a tng cc trm tch t c phn chia nh bng 1 di y.
Ph thng Thng Trung H Thng Trung H K hiu Q2 2 Q2 1 Q2 3 Q1 2 Q1 1 Q1 N2
3

Bng 1. Thang a tng t

Nin i tuyt i (nm ) 4000 6000 10.000 125.000 700.000 1.600.000

Ton b din tch khu vc nghin cu c ph bi cc trm tch t v c phn lm 9 phn v vi tui v ngun gc khc nhau gm: h tng L Chi tui Pleistocen sm (aQ11lc), h tng H Ni tui Pleistocen gia - mun (a, apQ12-3hn), h tng Vnh Phc tui Pleistocen mun (a,lbQ13vp), h tng Hi Hng tui Holocen sm - gia (lb,mQ21-2hh), h tng Thi Bnh tui Holocen mun (a1; alb; a2Q23tb). Cc trm tch h tng H Ni khng l trn mt m ch bt gp c nh cc l khoan su khong 20m tr xung, chiu dy n 34m. Mt ct ca h tng c phn lm 3 lp t di ln gm cui ln si, si ln ct ht th, v bt st ln ct ht mn. H tng Thi Bnh (Q23tb) l trm tch hin i c to thnh sau khi bin li, mc nc bin h thp, vai tr ca sng Hng ln dn trong qu trnh hnh thnh ng bng sng Hng m giai on ny c qu trnh xm thc ngang chim u th. Trm tch hin i ch yu c ngun gc sng phn b dc hai b. H thng ven sng c thit lp dn ti phn trm tch trong b ngng bi p ph sa, trong khi ngoi hng nm vo ma l, cc bi bi li c ph mt lp mng ph sa l ct bt st mu m. Nh vy, lch s pht trin cc trm tch t vng nghin cu tri qua 3 giai on: 98

- Giai on u: a hnh b phn d mnh, dn ti qu trnh xm thc su, sng o lng mnh a n vic bi lng vt liu ht th l chnh to nn cc trm tch ca h tng L Chi, H Ni, cha nc rt phong ph v l i tng cung cp nc chnh. - Giai on gia: mc phn d a hnh gim hn trc, xm thc su gim. Cui giai on ny qu trnh xm thc dn dn cn bng vi qu trnh tch t. Nt c trng ca trm tch h tng Vnh Phc l vo cui giai on b phong ho mnh dn ti hnh thnh b mt dng st loang l. - Giai on cui: nhiu bin c a cht xy ra bng vic m u l s tch t h m ly ven bin vi cc tch t than bn. Qu trnh phn d a hnh yu, qu trnh bi t tng cng. Mi trng a cht ngy nay chu s tc ng ca cc qu trnh ni sinh, ngoi sinh v con ngi. 4. S liu kho st a vt l ngoi thc a Cc tuyn o su in chy dc theo ng b sng v ct ngang qua sng Hng c xc nh l ngun ti liu chnh phc v cho nghin cu cu trc a cht thy vn. Trong thi gian thc hin cc php o in v in t vo ma kh t 2006 n 2010, mc nc sng Hng c nhng lc xung thp k lc nn cng l iu kin thun li

 hon thnh mt s tuyn o Georadar ct ngang qua sng v dc theo b phi sng Hng. Tt c cc im o su in theo kiu o i xng Schlumberger (VES) vi khong cch cc i gia hai cc pht dng l AB=1000m v tng ng vi hai cc thu th l 100m, ng thi kiu o mt ct (EP) vi khong cch hai cc pht c nh l 400m c s dng thu thp s liu a in bng thit b SAS 4000 do hng ABEM ch to [1, 9, 16, 17]. Mt im o trn cc tuyn i vi VES l 200m/im, cn i vi EP l 50m/im tr nhng on tuyn ct ngang qua dng chy ca lng sng. Hnh 1 trnh by s v tr cc tuyn o VES v EP ti di ven sng Hng. S lng cc im o c th cho tng tuyn c tng hp trong bng 2 sau y:
Bng 2. Tng hp cc im o VES v EP trn tng tuyn o
Tn tuyn o SH1 SH2 S im VES 16 25 S im EP 68 100 Ghi ch B 600m ca 2 khc lng sng Tuyn dc b phi sng Hng

Hai tuyn o Georadar cng c thc hin trong khu vc nghin cu, trong tuyn th nht GPR1 ct ngang qua sng di 750m v tuyn th hai GPR2 dc theo b phi sng Hng di 1000m (hnh 1, 2). Cng vic o Georadar u c tin hnh vo thi im nc sng Hng xung mc ct kit v mi trng trn mt t kh ro hon ton. Mc ch ca o radar nhm tm ra cu trc a cht phn nng bng thit b Pulse Ekko 100A vi cc di tn s anten thu-pht 100 v 50MHz [2, 6, 8, 12]. Cng c cng v tr vi tuyn GPR2 l 2000m tuyn o in t tn s rt thp (VLF) vi bc o 5m (hnh 2) nhm tm ra cc i cu trc c kh nng ngm nc hoc dp v bng thit b VLF-Wadi [15]. Trn c s 6 im o chp VES [12] v 200m tuyn o chp ca Georadar v VLF [15] cho php xc nh sai s php o i vi ti liu VES l 8%, cn i vi ti liu VLF l 5% v radar l 2%. Nh vy, c th nh gi cc ti liu o u t cht lng tt v iu kin lm ngun ti liu u vo cho minh gii cu trc a cht phn di y.

Hnh 1. S v tr tuyn o a vt l di ven sng Hng - Ty H, H Ni

99

Hnh 2. Tuyn o a vt l dc b phi sng Hng

5. Kt qu minh gii ti liu a vt l Mi loi t c mt dn in khc nhau v ngi ta o gi tr in tr sut ca t [m] xc nh dn in ca chng. in tr sut ph thuc vo thnh phn thch hc, rng, bo ha cc cht lu trong t , nhit v p sut nn i vi tng loi t v khong vt chng nm trong di gi tr nht nh [14, 16, 17]. c c s cho vic minh gii a cht ti liu a in, cc tc gi thc hin vic nghin cu xc nh gi tr in tr sut ca mt s mu vt trong cu trc a cht ti khu vc nghin cu v nhn c kt qu trnh by trong bng 3 di y:
Bng 3. in tr sut ca mt s loi vt liu ti Ty H - H Ni
Vt liu Nc mt Nc ging khoan t trng kh t trng t t st kh t st t Ct kh Ct t in tr sut [m] 75 120 200 18 500 10 1000 50

Vic phn tch ng cong o su in da trn c s xy dng m hnh l thuyt tip cn n ng cong quan st thc t nhm tm ra cc lp cu trc c b dy v gi tr in tr sut biu kin tng ng c trng cho mi trng nghin cu. Cc tc gi s dng phng php phn tch la chn [10] ln lt thay i tham s ca m hnh tin nghim sao cho ng cong l thuyt ca m hnh trng vi ng cong o c vi mt sai s chp nhn. Hay ni khc l cc tiu ha phim hm sau:

G ( p) = ei (ri , p) k (ri ) / k (ri ) min

i =1

{[

Trong : s in tr sut v b dy lp ca m hnh.

p = {1 , 2 ,..., n , h1 , h2 ,..., hn 1 } l tham

ei(ri,p) l ng cong l thuyt ca m hnh k(ri) l ng cong o c ngoi thc t

Qu trnh cc tiu ha phim hm G ( p ) thc hin trn my tnh l qu trnh lp, sao cho ng cong l thuyt st vi ng cong o c ngoi thc t. Do vy, bi ton ny khng c nghim duy

100

nht. Mun c nghim n nh chng ta phi tm m hnh ban u st vi thc t [10] v phim hm G ( p ) c thay bng phim hm iu chnh:

M ( p ) = G ( p ) ( p )
trong ton.

( p ) l ton t n nh nghim ca bi

Chng ta c th thay i cc tham s ca lt ct, sao cho ng cong m hnh l thuyt trng vi ng cong o c thc hin trc tip trn mn hnh my tnh [5]. Hnh 3 l mt ct a in theo ti liu tuyn SH1 ct ngang qua sng Hng vi di 4200m, trong ct qua hai khc lng sng v c hng t b hu sang b t. Nhn vo hnh thi cc lp c

phn chia phn nng trn mt ct cho thy c s an xen ca mt s ranh gii. iu ny chng t rng cu to ca y sng v cc tng bn b phi c s lin kt vi nhau v nh vy nc sng c s thng thy vi tng cha nc ngm bn b phi. Hnh 4 trnh by mt ct a in tuyn SH2 dc theo ven sng pha b phi theo hng ng - ty vi di 5200m. Cc lp cu trc c phn chia theo mc dn in ca chng hay l gi tr in tr sut tnh bng Ohm.m. Hnh thi gia cc lp khng bng phng, nht l on cui ca tuyn (pha Ty), khng biu hin cc ng ranh gii lin tc m b ct nhau phn cu trc nng (n 30m). c im ny l c s chng ta lin tng n kiu ca s a cht thy vn trong cu trc a cht tng nng y.

Hnh 3. Mt ct a in theo ti liu VES tuyn SH1

Hnh 4. Mt ct a in theo ti liu VES tuyn SH2

101

i vi s liu Georadar trong mc tiu nghin cu kho st ca chng ta l xy dng cc mt ct phn nh hin trng cu trc ca vt cht bn di mt t vi phn gii cao. Da trn c s l thuyt ca sng radar cho trng hp s dng kiu o phn x gc rng cho thy cc sng phn x thu c trn gin u c to ra t nhng mt ranh gii trung gian trong mi trng a cht nn cc sng phn x thng lin quan n nhng iu kin thnh to t nhin trong cu trc a cht nh: ranh gii cc lp vt liu trm tch c tnh cht vt l khc nhau, cc khe nt n, cc khi xm thc [2, 6, 8]. Ngha l, khi chng ta pht sng xung t di tn s 50MHz th sng s truyn su xung mi trng, nhng khi ang truyn m pha trc c gp mt ranh gii (mt trung gian) gia hai loi vt cht c tnh cht in khc nhau ca mt mi trng bin i th h s phn x R v h s truyn qua T c th xc nh c. Tnh cht in ( dn, hng s in mi) ca mi trng kho st c nh hng trc tip n su nghin cu. Khi dn ca mi trng kho st ln hn 10mS/m (in tr sut nh hn 100Ohm.m) th GPR b hn ch v xuyn su. Lc ny mun i su th do tn s anten quyt nh. Trong cc vt cht ca mi trng kho st th nc l thnh phn quan trng quyt nh tnh cht in ca mi trng [3, 8]. i vi mi trng a cht ven sng Hng, chng ta thy c hai loi vt liu c trng, l mi trng ct c dn khong 0,01mS/m v mi trng st, bn st c dn khong >10mS/m. Trong x l tn hiu radar, chng ta phi chn cc tn hiu r vi

tiu ch l h s phn x phi t gi tr ti thiu l 0,01. Do cc tuyn o ca chng ta b tr qua sng hoc dc theo ven sng vi a hnh c nhiu vt cn nn ch thu thp s liu c chn l ch ri rc. Ngha l, ngi iu khin qu trnh thu thp s liu bng cch n phm cch trn bn phm hoc nt bm ca Trigger hoc Odometer ni vi khi in t. Bc o y l 0,5m cho loi anten c tn s 50MHz. Nh vy, tng s im o trn cc tuyn l rt ln bo m iu kin s dng chng trnh Reflexw trong minh gii s liu radar [11]. Sau khi chuyn s liu t PulseEKKO sang dng format ca Reflexw, ta c th bt u cc bc x l bng cc chc nng trong nhng b lc: 1D, 2D. Trong , b lc 1D c th dng x l tng bc theo tng tia sng (trace) ring bit; b lc 2D c th dng loi cc trace b nhiu v minh gii s liu [11, 12]. Mt ct cu trc l dng cui cng m Reflexw a ra c trnh by theo tuyn trong phn nh hin trng cu trc a cht n su 30m. Kt qu gii on s liu rada theo tuyn GPR1 v GPR2 u chia mt ct cu trc ra 5 lp khc nhau (hnh 5, 6) c cc loi vt liu tng ng nh: 1 - t bi, 2 - Ct pha bt st, 3 - Ct pha st, 4 - St pha ct, 5 - St. Hnh thi ca cc lp cu trc y kh a dng, khng theo dng phn lp ngang m chng cng an ct nhau, r nht lp th 2 v th 3. Kt qu ny cng tng ng vi kt qu mt ct cu trc theo s liu VES hnh 3 v 4 m t phn trn.

Hnh 5. Mt ct Georadar tuyn GPR1 di 750m t phi n b tri sng Hng (N-B) K hiu: 1 = t bi, 2 = Ct pha bt st, 3 = Ct pha st, 4 = St pha ct, 5 = St

102

Hnh 6. Mt ct Georadar tuyn GPR2 di 1000m theo hng ng - ty (-T) thuc b phi sng Hng K hiu: 1 = t bi, 2 = Ct pha bt st, 3 = Ct pha st, 4 = St pha ct, 5 = St

Do su nghin cu bng s liu radar trong mi trng a cht khu vc ny b hn ch (30m), nn mun tm hiu hnh thi cu trc su hn, cc tc gi s dng s liu o mt ct in theo kiu EP xy dng ng cong in tr sut biu kin a cho tuyn SH1 (hnh 7) v SH2 (hnh 8). Hnh
0
3

dng cc ng cong ny phn nh cu trc bt ng hng theo c hai tuyn o. Nh vy, cu trc di 30m cng to ra cc mt li lm r rng l iu kin thun li cho vic cha v lin thng ca cc tng cha nc ngm trong vng nghin cu [14].
3000 3500 4000 (m)
3

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

a(m)

100

9 8 7 6 5 4 3

9 8 7 6 5 4 3

100

Hnh 7. ng cong a theo ti liu EP tuyn SH1

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0
3

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000
3

a(m)

Hnh 8. ng cong a theo ti liu EP tuyn SH2

100
9 8 7 6 5 9 8 7 6 5

100

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000 (m)

103

ng thi cc tc gi s dng s liu VLF nghin cu cu trc a cht nm gn mt t, xc nh v tr cc i cu trc b ph hy, cc cu trc bt ng nht, c bit l ng dng vo vic xc nh v nh gi hin trng cc tng cha nc ngm theo tuyn di 2000m dc b phi sng Hng, c cng v tr vi tuyn GPR2 (hnh 2). Trong di tn s thp, thng thng l t 15 n 30kHz, sng VLF c truyn t cc i pht khi gp b mt phn cch (v d nh khng kh/t chng hn) th s xut hin mt dng th cp trong t (tng t nh dng cm ng). Dng ny to ra mt trng th cp ngc du vi trng s cp. Thit b Wadi ghi li t s (t s phn trm) ca cng trng theo phng thng ng v theo phng nm ngang trn b mt Tri t. V trng s cp c pht i t cc i pht l theo phng nm ngang, iu chng t rng bnh thng t s ny xp x = 0. N cng xp x = 0 nu khng tn ti mt vng dn trong mi trng a cht ng nht. S lch khi trng thi thng thng chng t c d thng xut hin. Khi tin hnh

kho st bng thit b Wadi ta ng thi xc nh gi tr bin v gi tr lch pha ca trng th cp so vi trng s cp ban u. Vi VLF-Wadi, cc i lng ny c xc nh thng qua phn thc v phn o tng ng ca trng o c [15]. Thit b Wadi cho php ghi nhn gi tr c phn thc ln phn o (hnh 9a), song nhng thng tin phn nh thc trng cu trc ca mi trng thng qua gi tr ca phn thc l chnh. Vic x l, minh gii d thng VLF c tin hnh qua tng bc vi s tr gip ca cc chng trnh tnh ton, xy dng m hnh cu trc theo dn in ca mi trng kho st. Trn c s gi tr phn b ca in tr sut ta c th gii on ra c hin trng cu trc ca mi trng a cht. Mt ct theo dn in c thnh lp bng s liu VLF cho tuyn ven sng Hng c trnh by trn hnh 9b, trong ta thy cc i c gi tr tr dn tng phn nhau xut hin xen k nhau trong mt ct, v iu ny mt ln na khng nh vng nghin cu c cu trc tng nng bt ng hng v bt ng nht r rt.

b Hnh 9. Mt ct theo dn in ca tuyn VLF tuyn ven sng Hng a) S liu VLF x l su 10m; b) Mt ct theo dn in

104

6. Kt lun S liu o su in, o Georadar v o VLF cho php ta xy dng cc mt ct cu trc tng nng vng nghin cu vi chnh xc v phn gii chp nhn, gip ta lin kt lm r c c im cu trc bt ng hng v bt ng nht di ven b phi sng Hng cng nh di y sng thuc Ty H - H Ni. n su 30m, mt ct cu trc c phn chia ra 5 lp vi hnh thi xen kp nhau, nht l cc lp 2 v 3, tng ng vi su y sng v bng cc vt liu c kh nng thm nc tt l tin cho s b cp nc sng cho cc tng cha nc ngm ang khai thc. Hnh thi cu trc ca cc lp su ln hn 30m c b mt a dng l iu kin thun li cho vic cha v lin thng ca cc tng cha nc ngm trong vng nghin cu. Vic hnh thnh cc i cu trc phn chia theo dn in cng l c s cho vic phn chia theo cu trc a cht thy vn, nht l cc cu trc su n gn 100m. Tnh hnh khai thc nc di t tp trung H Ni ang tng ln mnh m theo thi gian, khong 700.000m3/ngy trong nm 2011. Nh vy, cng tc iu tra nghin cu nh gi ti nguyn nc ni chung v nc di t ni ring phi c y mnh, nht l vic nh gi ngun b cp lm c s cho cc gii php pht trin bn vng ngun nc th kt qu nghin cu trn y c ngha thc tin.
Li cm n: Nghin cu ny c ti tr bi

[4] Nguyn Vn n, Tng Ngc Thanh, 2000: V kh nng xy dng cc cng trnh khai thc thm lc ven sng Hng cung cp nc cho thnh ph H Ni. TC a cht, A/260; tr.43-49. [5] Nguyn Vn Ging, 1998: Kt qu bc u nghin cu bin ng mi trng nc ngm H Ni bng phng php a in. TC Cc Khoa hc v Tri t, T. 20, 1, tr.21-26. [6] Nguyn Vn Ging, 2000: Kh nng p dng radar xuyn t trong a k thut v mi trng Vit Nam. Tp ch a cht, A/257 (3-4), tr.23-32. [7] L Vn Hin (ch bin), 2000: Nc di t ng bng Bc B. Cc a cht v Khong sn Vit Nam, H Ni. [8] S.Mc Greary, J.F. Daly, 1998: Highresolution imaging of Quaternary coastal stratigraphy using GPR. Proceedings of GPR98. pp.273-277. [9] Michael S.Z., 1994: The geoelectrical methods in Geophysical exploration.Chapter 9. Elsevier publishers. [10] Nguyn Trng Nga, 1997: Thm d in phn gii cao (Dng cho hc vin cao hc a vt l). i hc m a cht - H Ni. [11] K.J Sandmeier. REFLEX version 4.2. Copyright 1998. [12] Sensors & Software, 1996: PulseEKKO100RUN, Users Guide, Version 1.2. Technical Manual 25. [13] V Nht Thng (ch bin), 2003: a cht v ti nguyn khong sn thnh ph H Ni. Cc a cht v Khong sn Vit Nam, H Ni. [14] D.V. Tuyen, T. Canh, A. Weller, 2000: The Application of Electrical tomography for solving Hydro-Engineering Geology problems in Vietnam, Advances in Natural Science, vol 1, No.3, pp.101-108. [15] VLF WADI instrument introduction, 1995: ABEM Sweden. manual

Qu Pht trin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Quc gia (NAFOSTED); ti m s 105.04-2011.05. TI LIU DN [1] B. Allred, N. Fausey, J. Daniels, R. Ehsani, 2003: Applications of near-surface geophysical methods to midwest USA agriculture. Proceedings of the EAGE 65th Annual Conference & Exhibition, Stavanger, Norway, 2-5 June 2003. [2] J.L. Davis, A.P. Annan, 1989: Ground penetrating radar for high resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting, 37(5), p.531-551. [3] P. De Beukelaar, et al, 2004: Monitoring of water infiltration using GPR data. Near surface 2004 - 10th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Utrecht, Netherlands. A027.

[16] Zdanov M.X., 1986: Thm d in. Nh xut bn Nhedra, Matxcova (ting Nga). [17] Zonge Engineering & Reseach Organization, Inc., 1999: The application of Surface Electrical Geophysics to Ground Water Problems. p.27. 105

SUMMARY
The characteristics of shallow geological structure for Red River side - Tayho - Hanoi area by geophysical data The study of shallow geological structure by geophysical data is interested for many scientists by advanced geophysical technology nowadays. The exploiting groundwater is too much by time for domestic and social-economic development. The complex of geophysical methods as well as electrical sounding and profiling and electromagnetic methods such as Georadar and VLF were carried out by longitudinal and cross-lines in the study area for near-surface structure investigation. The measured geophysical data were processed and interpreted by modern geophysical tools. The results are clearly shown anisotropy and inhomongeneous of shallow structure by morphology for the study area. The nearsurface structure consists of 5 layers upto 30 m of depth revealed by GPR data. The depths of the second and third layers in different locations are alternately corresponding to the river-bed levels. This is a good condition for linked assessment between aquifers and possibility for recharge by the Red River water to groundwater on right side of the river.

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