SGDC 5013 CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGY PROF. MADYA DR.

ABDULL SUKOR SHAARI

Foundations of Curriculum
PREPARED BY

HASLINA BINTI CHE ISMAIL 816352 RUSNIZA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK 816356

Foundations are the forces that influence the minds of curriculum developers. In this way these effect the content and structure of the curriculum.

Foundations of Curriculum

-philosophical -historical -psychological -social

The Philosophical

Foundation of Curriculum

Philosophy provides educators, teachers and curriculum makers with framework for planning for implementing and evaluating curriculum in schools.
It helps in answering:
What schools are for? What subjects are important? How students should learn and what materials and methods should be used.

In decision making :

Philosophy provides the starting point and will be used for the succeeding decision making.

The philosophy of a curriculum planner, implementor or evaluator reflects his or her life experiences, common beliefs, social and economic background and education

Tylers view of philosophy in relation To school purposes

Suggestions from subject specialists

Studies of learners

Studies of contemporary life

School purposes

Use of philosophy

Use of psychology of learning

The Philosophical Foundation of Curriculum Major Philosophy -idealism -realism -pragmatism -existentialism

Major Philosophies
Aim of Education The curriculum is based upon the idea or assumption of the spiritual nature of man Role of Education A subject matter or curriculum must emphasize the great and enduring ideas of the culture. Focus in the Curriculum Subjects must be essential for the realization of mental and moral Development

Major Philosophies

Aim of Education A pupil shall be taught with strong states of personal discipline Pupil must be provided with essential knowledge required for survival in natural world Role of Education Subjects are taught by a teacher who is impersonal and objective and knows the subject fully

Major Philosophies
Focus in the Curriculum Curriculum is best organized according to subject matter Curriculum should also emphasized the effects of the social environment on the individuals life Curriculum Trends The teaching method recommended are authoritative

Major Philosophies
Aim of Education developing those experiences that will enable one to lead a good life. Role of Education Education must help its students become excellent citizens in a democratic society Focus in the Curriculum School Curriculum must be part of social context Curriculum Trends Instruction organized around problem solving according to the scientific method

Major Philosophies
Aim of Education Teaching strategies must stimulate an awareness that each person creates a self-concept through significant choices Role of Education Teacher should help the student to become for himself what it is he wants to become Focus in the Curriculum School assists student in knowing themselves and leaning their place in society

The Philosophical Foundation of Curriculum Educational Philosophy -perennialism -essentialism -proggressivism -reconstructionism

Educational philosophy Perennialism

Aim of Education to educate the rational person; to cultivate the intellect. Role of Education teachers help students think with reason. Focus in curriculum classical subject s, literary analysis and curriculum is constant Curriculum trends use of great books and return to liberal arts

Educational philosophy Essentialism

Aim

of Education to promote the intellectual growth of the individual and educate a competent person of Education the teachers is the sole authority in his /her subject area/ field of specialization

Role

Educational philosophy Essentialism

Focus

in curriculum essential skills of the 3 Rs and essential subjects of English, Science, History, Math and other foreign language trends excellence in education, back to basics and cultural literacy

Curriculum

Educational philosophy - Progressivism

Aim of Education to promote democratic and social living Role of Education knowledge lead s to growth and development of life long learners who actively learn by doing.

Educational philosophy Progressivism

Focus in curriculum

essential skills of the 3 Rs and essential subjects of English, Science, History, Math and other foreign language

Curriculum trends excellence in education, back to basics and cultural literacy

Educational philosophy Reconstructivism

Aim of Education

to improve and reconstruct society Education for change

Role of Education teachers act as agents of change and reform in various educational projects including reseach

Educational philosophy Reconstructivism

Focus

in curriculum

focus on present and future trends and issues of national and international interests
Curriculum

trends

equality of educational opportunities in education, access to global education

The Historical Foundation of Curriculum

It includes Role of curriculum in achievements of nations. Guides future plans Factors that influence development of nation e.g. unity Eliminates the useless traditions.

Curriculum Theorists

Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956) Presented curriculum as a science that emphasizes on students' need. Curriculum prepares for adult life

Werret Charters (1875-1952) Cconsidered curriculum also as a science which is based on students' need and the teachers plan the activities.

William Kilpatrick (1871-1965) viewed curriculum as purposeful activities which are child-centered. The purpose of curriculum is child development and growth.

Harold Rugg (1886-1960) Curriculum should develop the whole child. He emphasized social studies in the curriculum and the teacher plans the lesson in advance.

Hollis Caswell (1901-1989) Sees curriculum as organized around social functions of themes, organized knowledge and earner's interests.

Ralph Tyler (1902-1994) Believes that curriculum is a science and an extension of school's philosophy.

Curriculum Development in Malaysia

PERKEMBANGAN EMPAT PERINGKAT SISTEM PENDIDIKAN DI MALAYSIA

PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN KOLONIALISME BRITISH 1700-1786

PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN SELEPAS KOLONIALISME BRITISH 1786-1956

PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS MERDEKA PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU

Curriculum Development in Malaysia

PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN SEBELUM KOLONIALISME

MASJID ATAU SURAU

SISTEM SEKOLAH PONDOK

SISTEM MADRASAH ATAU SEKOLAH AGAMA MODEN

Curriculum Development in Malaysia

Curriculum Development in Malaysia

Curriculum Development in Malaysia

PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS KEMERDEKAAN LAPORAN RAHMAN TALIB AKTA PELAJARAN LAPORAN HUSSAIN ONN KBSR DAN KBSM

Curriculum Development in Malaysia

PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU

PELAN INDUK PEMBANGUNAN PENDIDIKAN (PIPP)

SEKOLAH WAWASAN

SEKOLAH KLUSTER

SEKOLAH BESTARI

The Psychological of Curriculum

Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior. It gives insight into: Child development Learning Inquiry techniques Educational objectives Student characteristics Learning process Teaching method Evaluation procedures

Three major groups of learning theories:

1. Behaviorists Psychology Cognitive Psychology Humanistic Psychology

Consider that learning should be organized in order that students can experience success in the process of mastering the subject matter

BEHAVIORISM FLOW (1878 - 1958)

Controlling behavior
Psychologists behaviorism assert

forecast

PURPOSE KNOWLEDGE OF PSYCHOLOGY

elaborates

explain

Focus their attention on how individuals process information and how the monitor and manage thinking.

THE MEMBERS OF COGNITIVISM

Max Wertheimer 1880 - 1943

Wolfgang Kohler 1887 - 1967

Kurt Koffka

1886-1941

Jean Piaget ( 1896 - 1980)

Lev Semenovich Vygotsky ( 1896 1934)

Robert Mills Gagn (1916 2002)

Jerome S. Bruner (1915- )

David Ausubel (1918 -)

Concerned with how learners can develop their human potential

HUMANISTIC FLOW (1908 - 1987 ) FOUNDER

CARL ROGERS (1902-1987)

ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970

APPROACH OF HUMANISTIC

ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970

CARL ROGERS (1902-1987)

ROLLO MAY (1909-1994)

GORDON ALLPORT (1897-1967)

This approach argues that human beings are free and decent individual with the potential to grow and have goals to achieve. The theory states that people are motivated to act to do something wishes or needs. According to this approach, people are always active and not wait to be planned by others.

The Social Foundation of Curriculum

Sociology is the study of social relationships, institutions and society. It includes Value of society Media explosion New forms of cooperation Culture etc.

Schools exist within the social context.

Schools are not only institutions that can educate people in the society. Schools are made to help to understand the changes globalization brings.

The relationship of curriculum and society is mutual and encompassing.

THE END.. THANK YOU..

PRAY FOR MH370