Abhidharmakosa Translation of The First Chapter

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM
2013
Abhidharmakoam bhya m
/ .
Abhi: (As a separate adverb or preposition) it expresses (with acc.) to , towards , in the direction of , against. koa: [m.] repository, treasury, poetical collection; , , , , . bhya: A detailed explanatory work or commentary, especially on technical sutras.
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Abhidharmakoam bhyam, .
: [Skt. abhi] be evident; be; Manifest Knowledge : treasury : [pret. of ] explanation; exposition.
EJo namo buddhya

ind.
om namas buddhya
nt. sg. m. sg. dat. ind. dat.
.
om: Amen a word of solemn affirmation and respectful assent, sometimes translated by " yes , verily , so be it ". namas: [n.] bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration; , , , , .
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1
0
ENGO Homage to the Buddha.
EJ ya sarvath sarvahatndhakra; sasrapakj jagad ujjahra.

m. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. nom. pp. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. sg. m. sg.
ya sarvath sarva hata andha kra; sasra pakaja jagat ud-jahra

m. sg. imperf.
EJtasmai namasktya yathrthastre stra pravakymy Abhidharmakoam.1.1.
tasmai namas ktya yath artha stre 2 stra pravakymi Abhidharmakoam
1 2
/ . stre dat. , loc. . -
(Buck, Carl Darling (1933), p. 172, Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin.
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m. sg. dat. nt. sg. nt. sg. ger. n./m. sg. loc./dat. nt. sg. dat. nt. sg. acc. 1st sg. fut. nt. sg. acc.
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ind.
/ .
ktya [mfn.] done, made, accomplished, performed, prepared , made ready, obtained; well done , proper , good ind. (in also
, , , stra: [nt.] an order , command , precept , rule; teaching , instruction , direction , advice , good counsel; any instrument of teaching , any manual or compendium of rules , any bock or treatise , (esp.) any religious or scientific treatise; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , pra-va c : to proclaim, announce, praise, commend, mention, teach, impart, explain sarvath: ind. in every way, in every respect, by all means; altogether, entirely, in the highest degree, exceedingly, altogether, entirely, in the highest degree, exceedingly; at all times; , , , , , , . omniscience: [f.]; [f.];
unaccented ; fr. 3. , correlative of / ) in which manner or way , according as , as , like artha : [nt.] meaning; , , , ,
[f.]; [n.]; [n.] [n.]; [n.] [nt.] hata: [ mfn.] struck, beaten (also said of a drum),
smitten, killed, slain, destroyed, ended, gone, lost sarva [mf( )n.] andha: [mf()n.] blind, dark ;[n.] darkness; , , , ; , ,
, , kra [mf()n.] making, doing, working , a maker , doer sasra: [m.] paka: [mn.] mud, mire, dirt, clay, ointment,
unguent, moral impurity, sin; pakj: [adj.] born in the mud; [n.] species of lotus; mud-born jagad: [mfn.] moving, movable, locomotive, living; [m. pl.] people, mankind; [n.] that which moves or is alive, men and animals, animals as opposed to men, men; the world, universe ud: a particle and prefix to verbs and nouns. (As implying superiority in place, rank, station, or power) up, upwards jahti: leaves; abandons; Ujjahati: [PTS P-E dictionary], [ud + jahati] to give up, let go; [imper.] ujjaha -> : mf( )n. ( ) bearing , supporting -> [http://spokensanskrit.de] uddharati / -te { ud- dhR } save.
DG
;
DG
; .
: [pret. of ] verb: indicate; teach; show; demonstrate; reveal; noun: teacher; teaching : treatise : [noun] bird; [verb] [fut. of
] will do.: any, what, which, which one, whichever one, something : every, all : darkness; obscurity; gloom : always, forever : destroy; overcome; triumph over : mud. : [pret. of ] pull out, drew, save : [hon.] action; act; deed

; ; . ( ) ; , ; () .
ENGHe has, in an absolute manner, destroyed all blindness; He has drawn out the world from the mire of transmigration, I render homage to Him, to this teacher of truth, before composing the treatise called
the Abhidharmakosa.
Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press or Wikipaedia s.v. locative), , , , , e.g. 358.264 upapattau() .
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EJstra praetukma svasya stur mhtmya jpanrtha

nt. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. sg. m. sg. nom. gen. m. sg. gen. m. sg. gen. nt. sg. acc.
stra praet kma svasya st mhtmya jpana artha

m. sg. acc.
gua akhyna prvaka tasmai namaskram -rabhate

m. sg. acc. nt. sg. acc. m. sg. acc. m. sg. dat. nt. sg. acc. 3rd sg. A pres.
gukhynaprvaka tasmai namaskram rabhate
.
praet: m. a leader,a charioteer, a maker , creator, an author , promulgator of a doctrine; , , , ; , , , ; praetukma: (), . kma: [m.] will, wish, longing after, pleasure st: [m.] , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , , mhtman: [m.] , , , ; , , , , , , , jpana: [n.] informing, making known, suggestion; , , , , , , , gua: [m.] ; , , , , , , , , , , , telling , communication, the communication of a previous event, a tale , story , legend khyna: [nt.] prvaka: [mf( )n.] earlier , former , previous ,
prior , first; [m.] a forefather , ancestor rabhate: [ 3rd sg. A] act rashly, begin, desire vehemently -rabhya [ger.] = -rabdhavya: fp. ,
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.
: [Skt. svayam] essence; nature; entity; himself; oneself; on his own good; self; myself; : [pret. fut. of ]stirred; said to be; driven along; uttering; speaking; indicates; is called; described; talk about; is talked about; is declared; speaks; (conventional) utterance; words; verbal expression; use verbal expressions : prior; previous; former : [pres.] write, compose

. . . () .
ENGDesiring to compose a treatise, with the intention of making known the greatness of his master, the author
undertakes to render him homage and to first present his qualities.
EJya iti buddha bhagavantam adhiktyha.
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ya iti buddha bhagavantam adhiktya 3 ha
m. sg. ind. ind. m. sg. acc. m. sg. acc. ind. 3rd sg. pret.
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/ . adhiktya: [ind.] having placed at the head, having made the chief subject; regarding, concerning, with reference to ha: (3rd sind. of pret.), he
has said
DG
.

. '' () () .
ENG"He" refers to the Buddha, the Blessed One. EJhatam asyndha kram anena vti hatndhakra
adj. nt. sg. gen. m. sg. acc. nt. sg. ins. ind.
hatam asya andhakram anena v iti hata andhakra

ind. adj. m. sg. nom.
.
asya: [gen. of idam] of this anena: [ins. of idam] by this, with this va: [ind.] like, as v: [ind.] or; either- or
DG
[ ].
[, ] ' ' .
EJsarvea prakrea sarvasmin hatndhakra sarvath sarvahatndhakra.

m. sg. ins. m. sg. ins. m. sg. loc. pp. m. sg. nom. ind. adj.
sarvea prakrea sarvasmin hata andha-kra sarvath sarva-hata andhakra

m. sg. nom.
.
prakra: [m.] sort, kind, nature, class , species , way , mode , manner
3
Apte refer to speak of ,
( .2. I refer to, speak of akuntal), adhikta . .
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DG .
: kind; type; aspect; form
: . [] ' ' (
) () ,
ENG"He has destroyed all blindness," that is to say, by him or through him blindness with respect to all things is destroyed. EJajna hi bhtrthadaranapratibandhd andhakram,
nt. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. m. sg. nom. nom. nt. sg. nom. m. sg abl.
ajna hi bhta artha darana pratibandhd andhakram

m. sg. nom.
.
ajna: [nt.] , , , , , , , , , , hi: [ind.] for , because , on account of; just , pray , do;
indeed , assuredly , surely , of course , certainly bhta: mf( )n. become , been , gone , past; actually happened , true , real (n. an actual occurrence , fact , matter of fact , reality); existing , present; being or being like anything , consisting of; purified; obtained; fit , proper darana: , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , pratibandha: [m.] connection, uninterruptedness, support, investment , siege; obstacle , hindrance , impediment; opposition , resistance; a logical impediment , obstructive argument; stoppage , suspension , cessation; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
DG
. .
() [] [] '[]' .
ENG"Blindness" is ignorance, for ignorance hinders the seeing of things as they truly are. EJtac ca bhagavato buddhasya pratipakalbhentyanta sarvath sarvatra jeye
nt. sg. ind. ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. gen. m. sg. ins. m. sg. ins. ind. ind. ind.
tad ca bhagavato buddhasya pratipaka lbhena atyanta sarvath sarvatra
jeye
nt. sg. loc.
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pratipaka: [m.] the opposite side , hostile party , opposition; an obstacle; an adversary , opponent , a respondent , defendant; lbha: [m.] meeting with , finding; obtaining , getting , attaining , acquisition , gain , profit; capture , conquest; apprehension , perception , knowledge atyanta: [ind.] excessively, exceedingly, in perpetuity, absolutely, completely sarvatra: [ind.] everywhere, in every case, always, at all times jeya: [adj.] to be learnt or understood or ascertained or investigated or perceived or inquired about; [ger.] to be known, having to be known
punar an-utpatti dharmatvd dhatam atho asau sarvath sarvahata andhakra

ind. nt. sg. ind. nt. sg. abl. ppp. ind. m. sg. nom. ind. ind. m. sg. nom.
punar anutpattidharmatvd dhatam; ato sau sarvath sarvahatndhakra.
, .
punar: [ind.] back , home , in an opposite direction; again , once more; again and again , repeatedly; further , moreover , besides; however , still , nevertheless anutpatti: [f.] failure , non-production, [mfn.] not (yet) produced dharmatva: [n.] inherent nature, peculiar property, morality, piety; dha: [mf( )n.] placing , putting, holding , possessing , having, bestowing , granting , causing atho: [ind.] now; likewise; next; therefore. asau: [pron] he
DG
, , , .
: : (1) after (2) wipe; wipe away; erase
:from the beginning, from eternity, utterly, perfectly, highly, quite, from the very
beginning, principle of light & being, basic ;afterwards; in future; later on
.
.
()
() '' . ENG By this, the Buddha, the Blessed One is sufficiently designated, for he alone, through the possession of the antidote to ignorance (v. 60), has definitely destroyed all ignorance with respect to all knowable things, so that it cannot rearise.
EJpratyekabuddharvak api kma sarvatra hatndhakr,

m. pl. nom. m. pl. nom. m. pl. nom. ind. adv. ind. ind. pp.
pratyeka - buddha rvaka api kma sarvatra hat andhakr,

m. pl. nom.

pratyeka: [mfn.] each one, each single one, every one pratyekabuddha: [m.] a who lives in seclusion and obtains emancipation for
himself only; rvaka: mf( )n. hearing , listening to; audible from afar; [m.] a pupil, disciple; a disciple of the ; api: (As a separable adv.) and , also , moreover , besides , assuredly , surely, suppose that, perhaps kma m: ind. according to wish or desire , according to inclination, agreeably to desire, at will, freely, willingly; with pleasure , readily , gladly; (as a particle of assent) well, very well, granted, admitted that, indeed, really, surely; well and good , in any case , at any rate.
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DG
()
: obscuration; delusion; confusion; ignorance; dullness;
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, () ()
ENGBut the Pratyekabuddhas and the Sravakas have also destroyed all blindness,
EJkliasammohtyantavigamt, na tu sarvath;
m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. abl. ind.
klia sammoha atyanta vigama-ad, na tu sarvath;

ind. ind.
.
klia: [mfn.] molested , tormented , afflicted , distressed, wearied , hurt , injured , being in bad condition, worn; , , , sammoha: [m.] stupefaction , bewilderment , confusion , insensibility , unconsciousness , ignorance , folly , illusion of mind; , , , atyanta: [ind.] excessively , exceedingly , in perpetuity , absolutely , completely vigama: [m.] ; , , , , , tu: ind. (never found at the beginning of a sentence or verse) pray! I beg, do, now, then
DG

: [verb + mod] indeed; *; but; though; a negative particle.
, . () . ENGfor they are [not] freed from all ignorance defiled by the defilements.
EJtath hi e buddhadharmev ativiprakadeakleu crtheu

tath hi e Buddha-dharmeu ati-vipraka dea-kleu ca artheu
m. pl. m. sg. ind. ind. gen. m. pl. loc. ind. m. pl. adj. m. pl. m. pl. loc. loc. ind. ind.
anantaprabhedeu ca bhavaty evkliam ajnam iti.

m. sg. ind. m. pl. loc. ind. 3rd. sg. m. pl. pres. ind. m. sg. acc.
ananta - prabhedeu ca bhavati ev kliam ajnam iti.

nt. sg. acc. ind.
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, .
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endless , boundless , eternal , infinite; N. of ; [f.] the earth; [m.] the number one; [nt.] the sky , atmosphere; , ; , , , , , , , prabheda: [m.] splitting , piercing , cutting through; the flowing of juice from the temples of an elephant; division , subdivision , variety , species , kind , sort; , , , , ; ,. ajna: [nt.] non-cognizance, ignorance
e: [gen. pl. of] idam hi: [ind.] (used as a particle and usually denoting) for , because , on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically , sometimes after pronouns; just, pray, do; indeed, assuredly, surely, of course , certainly vipraka: [mfn.][adj.] dragged or drawn apart; remote , distant , a long way off; - - protracted , lengthened;, ati: [ind.] As a prefix to verbs and their derivatives , expresses beyond , over , and , if not standing by itself , leaves the accent on the verb or its derivative; When prefixed to nouns , not derived from verbs , it expresses beyond , surpassing , - , superhuman , excessively , too; exceedingly , very dea: [m.] point , region , spot , place , part , portion; province , country , kingdom; institute , ordinance; to settle in a place; in the proper place kla: [m.] a fixed or right point of time, a space of time, time; the proper time or season for; occasion , circumstance; season; meal-time; hour; a period of time , time of the world; measure of time , prosody; a section , part; the end; death by age; time; destiny , fate. ananta [mf( )n.]
DG
: infinite; limitless.

? . ? () , , () .
ENGBut they do not know the qualities proper to the Buddha, objects very distant in space or time, nor the infinite complex of things; therefore, they have not destroyed blindness in an absolute manner, for the ignorance freed from the defilements is active in them
EJ tmahitapratipattisampad sastutya punas tam eva bhagavanta

f. ind. f. ind. f. sg. nom. ger. ind. m. sg. acc. ind. m. sg. acc.
tma-hita pratipatti sampad sastutya punas tam eva bhagavanta
parahitapratipattisampad sastauti parahita pratipatti sampad sastauti

f. ind. f. ind. f. sg. nom.
.
hita: [mf(/)n.] (p.p. of 1. cf. ) put , placed , set , laid , laid upon , imposed , lying or situated or contained in (loc.); set up , established , fixed (as a prize) RV; planned , arranged (as a race or contest); prepared , made ready; held , taken; assigned to , destined for (dat. or gen.); reckoned among (loc. ); constituted or appointed as (nom.) RV. given (as a name) AV. beneficial , advantageous , salutary , wholesome ,
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a necklace of pearl; , sastuti: [f.] praise , eulogy, figurative mode of expression
suitable , agreeing with (of ten , said of diet , regimen , medicines &c ) , convenient , suitable , fit , agreeable to or for (dat. gen. loc. , or comp.), well-disposed , favourable , friendly , affectionate , kind; [m.] a friend , benefactor; [f.] a causeway , dike; [m. pl. N.] of partic. veins or arteries; [n.] (sg. or pl.) anything useful or salutary or suitable or proper , benefit , advantage , profit , service , good , welfare , good advice tma -hita: [mfn.] beneficial to one's self, [n.] one's own profit. pratipatti: [f.] gaining , obtaining , acquiring; perception , observation , ascertainment , knowledge , intellect; supposition , assertion , statement; admission , acknowledgment; giving , granting , bestowing on (loc. or comp); causing , effecting; beginning , action , procedure in or with (loc. gen. or comp.); ( . what is to be done with it? Kull. ) respectful reception or behaviour , homage , welcome; confidence , assurance , determination; resource , means for (loc.) , expedient against (gen.); high rank or dignity , rule , reign; conclusion; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; sampad: [f.] success , accomplishment , completion , fulfilment , perfection; a condition or requisite of success; concord , agreement , stipulation , bargain; equalization of similar things; attainment , acquisition , possession , enjoyment , advantage , benefit , blessing; turning into , growing , becoming; being , existence; right condition or method , correctness; excellence , glory , splendour , beauty; excess , abundance , high degree; fate , destiny; good fortune , prosperity , riches , wealth (personified = ); a kind of medicinal plant (= );
DG
: self; I [can be used to refer to oneself]; nature; entity; : accomplishment; achievement; possession : three : marvels; perfect; complete; marvelous; sublime; perfection; marvel; wonders; good things : pure; clean clear; bright; one who is pure; purification : praise; laud : correct; very pure; real; complete; reality
() ,
()
ENGHaving thus praised the Blessed One from the point of view of qualities useful to himself, the author praises him from the point of view of qualities useful to others:
EJsasrapakj jagad ujjahrti.

sasra pakaja jagat
ud-jahra iti
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ENG"He has drawn out the world from the mire of transmigration."
EJsasro hi jagadsagasthnatvd duruttaratvc ca pakabhta,

m. sg. nom. m. sg. ind. m. sg. abl. abl. ind. n. n. sg. nom.
sasro hi jagad saga sthnatvd dur-uttaratvt ca paka bhta
.
sa sra: [m.] jagad: [mfn.] moving, movable, locomotive, living; [m. pl.] people, mankind; [n.] that which moves or is alive, men and animals, animals as opposed to men, men; the world, universe asaga: [m.] sticking , clinging to , touch , contact with (loc. or comp.) ; relation to , association or intercourse with (gen. instr. with and without loc. , or comp.); addiction or devotion to , propensity for , (esp.) worldly or selfish attachment or affection , desire , wish , cupidity saga: [m.] the act of clinging to or hooking on , association , connection; attachment , devotedness; waylaying; a cloak; a sword; [n.] a kind of fragrant earth; [mfn.] uninterrupted; [ind.] uninterrupted sthna: [n. also said to be m.] the act of standing , standing firmly , being fixed or stationary; position or posture of the body (in shooting &c ); staying , abiding , being in or on (loc. or comp.); storing-place or storage (of goods); firm bearing (of troops) , sustaining a charge (as opp. to , " charging "); state , condition (ifc. = " being in the state of ") ; continued existence , continuance in the same state , continuing as or as long as (with instr.); a state of perfect tranquility, equilibrium; station , rank , office , appointment , dignity , degree; place of standing or staying , any place , spot , locality , abode , dwelling , house , site; place or room , stead ( with gen. or ifc. " in place of " , " instead of " , " in lieu of " ; " taking the place of " , " acting as " , " representing " or " represented by " e.g. , " acting as a father " or " represented by a father " ; place for , receptacle of (gen.); proper or right place ( , " in the right place or at the right time , seasonably , justly "); province , region , domain , sphere (of gods or virtuous men ; said to be in one of three places , viz. " earth " or " atmosphere " or " heaven " ; the main support or strength or chief constituent of a kingdom (said to be four , viz. " army " , " treasury " , " city " , " territory "); a stronghold , fortress; the pitch or key of the voice , note , tone; shape , form , appearance (as of the moon); the part or character of an actor; case , occurrence; occasion , opportunity for; cause or object of; also applied to persons ; ind. " because of " , " on account of "); a section or division; an astrol. mansion or its subdivision; an open place in a town , plain , square; a holy place; an altar paka: [mn.] mud, mire, dirt, clay, ointment, unguent, moral impurity, sin; pakj: [adj.] born in the mud; [n.] species of lotus; mud-born duruttara: - [mfn.] unanswerable; difficult to be crossed or overcome uttara: [mfn.] upper , higher , superior; northern (because the northern part of India is high); left (because in praying the face being turned to the east the north would be on the left hand); later , following , subsequent , latter , concluding , posterior , future; followed by; superior , chief , excellent , dominant , predominant , more powerful; gaining a cause (in law); better , more excellent; [n.] upper surface or cover; the north; the following member , the last part of a compound; answer , reply; (in law) a defence , rejoinder , a defensive measure; superiority , excellence , competency; result , the chief or prevalent result or characteristic , what remains or is left , conclusion , remainder , excess , over and above; remainder , difference (in arithmetic); [ind.] at the conclusion; looked at with tears at the close; afterwards , thereafter; behind; in the following part (of a book); [mfn.]crossing over; to be crossed bhta: [mf( )n.] become , been , gone , past (n. the past); actually happened , true , real (n. an actual occurrence , fact , matter of fact , reality); existing , present; being or being like anything , consisting of , mixed or joined with; purified; obtained; proper; [m.] a son , child; a great devotee or ascetic; [m. (pl.)] N. of an heretical sect (with s , a class of the s); [n.] (cf. above ) that which is or exists , any living being (divine , human , animal , and even vegetable) , the world (in these senses also m.); a spirit (good or evil) , the ghost of a deceased person , a demon , imp , goblin; an element ; well-being , welfare , prosperity
DG
, .
: cross over; objection; object; disputation
: . . ,
'' .
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ENGTransmigration is a mire, because the world is bound up in it, and because it is difficult to traverse.
EJtatrvamagna jagad atram anukampamno bhagavn

ind. m. sg. prefix acc. m. n. sg. acc. A. pp. m. sg. nom.
tatra ava-magna jagad a-tram anukampamno bhagavn
saddharmadeanhastapradnair yathbhavyam abhyuddhtavn iti

saddharma dean hasta pradnair yath bhavyam abhyuddhtavn iti
m. f. m. n. pl. ins. m. ind. m. sg. nom. ind.
.
tatra: [ind.] used for the loc. (sg. du. and pl.) of / : in that place , there, thither, to that place, in that , therein , in that case , on that occasion ,
compassion; , , saddharma dean: [f.] direction , instruction, indoctrination hasta: [m.] the hand; an elephant's trunk; the fore-arm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger); the position of the hand; hand-writing; quantity , abundance , mass; [: f.] the hand pradna: [n.] giving , bestowal , presentation (esp. of an offering in the fire); a gift , donation; giving away in marriage; applying (of a clyster); turning (the eyes); making (an attack); uttering (a curse); granting (a boon); teaching , imparting , announcing , declaring bhavya: [mfn.] being , existing , present; to be about to be or become , future; likely to be , on the point of becoming; what ought to be , suitable , fit , proper , right , good , excellent; handsome , beautiful , pleasant; gracious , favourable; auspicious , fortunate; righteous , pious; true; [n.] that which is or exists; being , existing , the being present; future time; fruit , result , reward , (esp.) good result , prosperity; a bone abhyuddhta: [mfn.] taken up , drawn (as water); collected
to verbs and verbal nouns expresses) off , away , down; (only gen. du. / with , " of you both "), this magna: [mfn.] sunk , plunged , immersed in (loc. or comp.), set (as the moon); sunk into misfortune; slipped into, lurking in; sunken, flat tra: [mfn.] protected [n.] protecting , preserving , protection , defence , shelter , help [n.] protection for the body, armour , helmet anukampana: - [n.] sympathy ,
under those circumstances , then , therefore , , " that month " i.e. the month that has been spoken of ava: [m.] favour; [ind.] (as a prefix
DG
.
: sunk into; losing heart : cited; cite; induced; lead; draw; pull; conduct; induce :
if, suppose, in case, so long as, as long as, only,
disease, meadow, pasture land, steadiness, age, province of gar, in, on, at, unto, when, although, if indeed, because, unless, unto, to get sick, conditional "if" clause connective, "as" or "because" construction,
, . ,
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, () [ ] .
ENGThe Blessed One, having pity on the world which finds itself drowned without recourse in this mire, has pulled it out, as much as possible, by extending to each one the hands of the teaching of the Good Law.
EJya evam tmaparahitapratipattisampad yuktas tasmai namasktyti iras praipatya.

m. sg. nom. ind. m. f. f. f. sg. nom. sg. dat. ger. ind. n. sg. nom. gen.
ya evam tma-para-hita pratipatti sampad yukta tasmai namasktya iti iras praipatya
.
pratipatti: [f.] gaining , obtaining , acquiring; perception , observation , ascertainment , knowledge , intellect; supposition , assertion , statement; admission , acknowledgment; giving , granting , bestowing on (loc. or comp); causing , effecting; beginning , action , procedure in or with (loc. gen. or comp.); ( . what is to be done with it? Kull. ) respectful reception or behaviour , homage , welcome; confidence , assurance , determination; resource , means for (loc.) , expedient against (gen.); high rank or dignity , rule , reign; conclusion; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; sampad: [f.] success , accomplishment , completion , fulfilment , perfection; a condition or requisite of success; concord , agreement , stipulation , bargain; equalization of similar things; attainment , acquisition , possession , enjoyment , advantage , benefit , blessing; turning into , growing , becoming; being , existence; right condition or method , correctness; excellence , glory , splendour , beauty; excess , abundance , high degree; fate , destiny; good fortune , prosperity , riches , wealth (personified = ); a kind of medicinal plant (= ); a necklace of pearl; , yukta: [mfn.] yoked or joined or fastened or attached or harnessed to (loc. or instr.); set to work , made use of , employed , occupied with , engaged in , intent upon (instr. loc. or comp.); ready to , prepared for; absorbed in abstract meditation , concentrated , attentive; skilful , clever , experienced in , familiar with (loc.); joined , united , connected , combined , following in regular succession; furnished or endowed or filled or supplied or provided with , accompanied by , possessed of (instr. or comp.); come in contact with (instr.); (in astron.) being in conjunction with (instr.); added to , increased by; connected with , concerning; subject to , dependent on; fitted , adapted , conforming or adapting one's self to , making use of (instr. e.g. , one who makes use of the right opportunity); fit , suitable , appropriate , proper , right , established , proved , just , due , becoming to or suitable for; auspicious , favourable; prosperous , thriving; [n.] a team , yoke; junction , connection; fitness , suitableness , propriety iras: [n.] (prob. originally = ) the head , skull (acc. with , " to give up one's head i.e. life " ; with , or , " to hold up one's head , be proud " ; with Caus. of or with - , " to hold out the head " , " acknowledge one's self guilty " the upper end or highest part of anything , top , peak , summit , pinnacle , acme; the forepart or van (of an army); the beginning (of a verse); the head , leader , chief , foremost , first praipata: to throw one's self down before , bow respectfully to (acc. , rarely dat. or loc.): Caus. -
DG
.
: prostrated
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. : . : , , [ ] . [] ' ' ' ' , ' ( )' ' ' ,
ENG"I render homage," by prostrating myself even to my head "to this teacher of truth:" teacher of truth," EJyath artham aviparta stti yathrthast.
ind. m. sg. acc. 3rd. ppp. ind. ind.
yath artham aviparta sti iti yath artha st

m. sg. m. sg. nom.
() .
vipra: to fill completely
DG
.

, . , '()' .
ENG because he teaches in conformity with that which is, without error. EJanena parahitapratipattyupyam asyvikaroti.
anena parahita pratipatti upyam asya vikaroti.
m. sg. ins. m. f. m. sg. acc. m. sg. gen. 3rd. sg. pres.
, [] .
upya: [m.] coming near , approach , arrival; that by which one reaches one's aim , a means or expedient (of any kind) , way , stratagem , craft , artifice; (esp.) a means of success against an enemy (four are usually enumerated , sowing dissension , negotiation , bribery , and open assault); joining in or accompanying (in singing); , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , avik: to make , apparent ; to reveal , uncover ; to show; , , , , , , ,
DG
.
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. , ENGBy thus qualifying the Blessed One, the author indicates the manner in which the Blessed One is useful to others.
EJyathbhtasanc chst bhavann asau sasrapakj jagad ujjahra,

yathbhta sant st bhavann asau sasra pakj jagad ujjahra
adj. n. sg. abl. n. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. sg. m. sg. nt. pl. impf.
na tv ddhivarapradnaprabhveti.
f. ind. ind. ind. n. m. sg. ins.
na tu ddhi vara pradna prabhvea iti

ind.
./ (varapradna) .
yathbhta: , , , tu: [ind.] pray! I beg , do , now , then , but, and, or; often incorrectly written for ; -- though --
still not; -- not but; -- not but; -- though still; -- though still; though still; though -- still ddhi: [f.] increase , growth , prosperity , success , good fortune , wealth , abundance; accomplishment , perfection , supernatural power; magic; a kind of medicinal plant vara: [m.]" environing " , " enclosing " , circumference , space , room; stopping , checking; choosing; [m.] " chooser " , one who solicits a girl in marriage , suitor , lover , bridegroom , husband; a bridegroom's friend; a dissolute man; "select" , choicest , valuable , precious , best , most excellent or eminent among (gen. loc. abl. , or comp.) or for (gen.); royal , princely; [mf( )n.] better , / , " better than companions "; [ind.] it is better that , it would be best if ; , " better [death caused] by a lion "; [ind.] it is better * , " better death than [lit. " and not "] infamy " ; act or object of choosing " , election , wish , request; [m.] boon , gift , reward , benefit , blessing , favour; [m.] a benefit , advantage , privilege; charity , alms; a dowry; a kind of grain; bdellium; a sparrow; [f.] N. of various plants and vegetable products (accord. to L. " the three kinds of myrobalan " ; [n.] saffron pradna: [n.] giving , bestowal , presentation (esp. of an offering in the fire ; also N. of the sacred text recited on this occasion); a gift , donation; giving away in marriage; applying (of a clyster); turning (the eyes) ; making (an attack); uttering (a curse); granting (a boon); teaching , imparting , announcing , declaring; , , ; , , , , prabhva: [m.] might , power , majesty , dignity , strength , efficacy; supernatural power; splendour , beauty; tranquillizing , conciliation; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;;;. than , rather than (in these senses is followed by , , , or * , with nom. e.g. preferable , better than (abl. , rarely gen.) or among (abl.) [n.] eldest; [ind.] ( ) (g. -) preferably , rather , better ; / /
DG
, .
14 | P a g e

2013
, . [] , () [] () () .
ENG It is by the true teaching that the Blessed One, the teacher, has pulled the world out of the mire of transmigration, not by his supernatural powers, nor by the granting of favors.
EJtasmai namasktya ki kariyati?

?
DG
?
? ? ENG After having rendered homage to this teacher of truth, what will the author do? EJity ha-- stra pravakymi.
: .
DG
.
: . ' () .' ENG"I shall compose a treatise."
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EJiyasanc chstram.
iya sant stram.
m. sg. n. sg. abl. n. sg. acc.
2013
.
iya: [mfn.] to be taught: ( - - , " it must be taught that the word has the meaning of - "); to be instructed; [m.] a pupil , scholar , disciple (f( ). a female pupil); [m.] passion , anger; violence.
DG
.
: pret. , ,
. '(, astra)' . ENG A treatise is that which instructs disciples.
EJki stram? ity ha-- Abhidharmakoam.1.

? .
DG
, .
? . ? (). ENG Which treatise? The Abhidharmakosa.
EJko yam abhidharmo nma?

?
DG
16 | P a g e

?
2013
? ? ENG What is Abhidharma?
EJ praj mal snucar bhidharma

praj amal s anucar abhidharma,
f. sg. f. sg. f. sg. nom. f. sg. m. sg. nom.
.
amala: [mf( )n.] spotless , stainless , clean , pure , shining; crystal; [f.] the tree Emblica Officinalis Gaertn. [n.] talc
DG
.
: line, queue, chase, pursue; follow. : make ready, weigh, together with, connected with, having, possessing, containing, draw up,
enumerative particle, along with, defined as , accompanied by. : the color and perfume of the utpala lotus. 1) smell, odor, scent. 2) Syn {'dri} 3) stain, spot, defilement, impurity.
: . () []
.
ENG Abhidharma is pure praj with its following.
EJtatra praj dharmapravicaya.

f. sg. ind. m. sg. m. sg. nom.
tatra praj dharma pravicaya.
.
tatra: [ind.] in that place, there; thither, to that place; in that, therein, in that case, on that occasion, under those circumstances, then, therefore vicaya: [m.] gathering or putting together, arrangement, enumeration; search, investigation, examination: pravicaya: [m.] investigation, examination
17 | P a g e

DG
.
2013
: , . '()' () , ENG praj which will be defined below (ii.24, vii.l) is the discernment of the dharmas.
EJamalti ansrav. amal iti an-srav

f. sg. nom. ind. f. sg. nom.
.
an-srav: [m.] the foam on boiling rice; a door opening into water and allowing the stream to descend through it; (with s) the action of the senses which impels the soul towards external objects; distress, affliction, pain; (with Buddh. ) impurity, defilement, sin; (with s) the influence or action of body and mind and speech in impelling the soul to generate Karma.
DG
.
. '()' () . ENG Pure praj is undefiled praj
EJsnucarti saparivr.
f. sg. nom. f. sg. nom. ind.
s anucar iti saparivr

f. sg. nom.
().
parivr: , , , ; , , , , , , , , , ,
DG
.
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: 1) retinue; 3) surroundings)/ [followers, entourage, court, attendants, servants, disciples, family and friends, surte, waiter, circle, sphere, disk, wheel, mandala, turning, revolution, circuit, retinue or lesser figures around the main figure, attendant feature, surroundings, vicinity, nearby area) magnetize accompanying]. revolve, rotate, spin, elapse, come around/ up, be attracted to, surround[ing], conceive, get pregnant, get an idea, return, retinue, attendant. disk, round flat object, : along with. intr. pf. of {'cha' ba}; pf. of {'cha' ba}; 1) with, connected with, having, possessing, containing, together with. 2) assuming [a posture).
. ' , ()' . ENG The "following" of praj is its escort, namely the five pure skandhas which coexists with
praj
EJevam ansrava pacaskandhako bhidharma ity ukta bhavati.

imp. m. sg. nom. adj. m. nom. sg. m. sg. ind. ppp.
evam ansrava paca skandhaka abhidharma iti ukta bhavati.

3 rd sg. pres.
. (praj:, pravicaya:, anucar:, amal:, an-srav:)

skandha: [ m.] the shoulder, upper part of the back or region from the neck to the shoulder-joint (in men and animals); the stem or trunk of a tree (esp. that part of the stem where the branches begin); a large branch or bough; a troop, multitude, quantity, aggregate; a part, division (esp. a division of an army or a form of military array); a chapter , section (of a book , system &c ); a tract , path , region (esp. of the winds , said to be seven); (in phil.) the five objects of sense; (with Buddhists) the five constituent elements of being (viz. , " bodily form " ; , " sensation " ; sense = ); a partic. form of the metre; a king , prince; any article used at the coronation of a king (as a jar filled with consecrated water , an umbrella &c ); a sage , teacher; war , battle; an engagement , agreement; a heron; equality of height in the humps of a pair of draught oxen; [ : f.] a branch; a creeper. , " perception " ; , " aggregate of formations " ; , " consciousness or thought-faculty "); (with s) the body (in the widest
DG
.
, 5 () '' , ENG Such is the absolute meaning of Abhidharma.
EJea tvat pramrthiko bhidharma.

m. sg. nom. m. ind. sg. m. sg. nom.
ea tvat pramrthiko abhidharma.
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.
tvat: [mf( )n.] so great , so large , so much , so far , so long , so many; after so long time , in that time " , as soon as; just a little; (in alg.) an unknown quantity; [ind.] so much , so greatly , to such an extent , in such a number , so far; so long , in that time; meanwhile , in the mean time, " so long a fool shines as long as he says nothing "; so long I will emaciate myself , as long as [i.e. until] I have obtained the state of a Brahman "; or without any correlative; once , now , just , first; [ind.] (with or -) not yet; - , " not only not-but also not "; very well , all right; indeed , truly; already (opposed to " how much more " or " how much less "); really; [ind. instr.] to that extent; in that time , in the mean time , meanwhile; so long , in that time pramrthika: [mf( )n.] relating to a high or spiritual object or to supreme truth , real , essential , true; one who cares for truth; excellent , best
DG
.
, () (). ENG It is also praj, and the Treatise which brings about the obtaining of pure praj.
EJsketikas tu-- tatprptaye ypi ca yac ca stram.

m. sg. nom. n. sg. ind. nom. sg. loc.
sketika tu-- tat prptaye ya api ca yat ca stram

m. sg. n. sg. n. sg. nom. ind. ind. nom. ind. acc.
(consisting of signs , based on agreement) (m.) (n.) .

sketika: [mfn.] (fr. - ) consisting of signs , based on agreement , indicatory , conventional: , , prpta: [mfn.] attained to , reached , arrived at , met with , found , incurred , got , acquired , gained; one who has attained to or reached; come to (acc.) , arrived , present (* , at certain periods); accomplished , complete , mature , full-grown; (in med.) indicated , serving the purpose; (in gram.) obtained or following from a rule , valid; fixed , placed; proper , right; , , ; , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
DG
.
: date; agreed symbol; conventional symbol; verbal expresion; written sign; verbal sign; appellation : rivet, bind, grind, weave, : , , ,
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. : () 5
.
ENG In common usage, the word Abhidharma also designates all praj which brings about the
obtaining of Abhidharma in the absolute sense of the word;
EJypi ca ruta-cint-bhvanmay ssrav praj, upapattipratilambhik ca snucar.

m. sg. nom. ind. f. ind. pp. pp. pp. adj. f. f. ind. f.
ya api ca ruta-cint-bhvanmay ssrav praj upapatti pratilambhik ca snucar.
, , (bhvanmay: wisdom obtained by meditation ) (upapatti) .

-: moreover, is often used to express emphasis , in the sense of even , also , very ruta:[ mfn.] heard , listened to , heard about or of ,
use, employment; ; ; ; ,, ; , , , , , , , , pratilambhik: - [mfn.] (fr. ) ready to receive , expecting; ,
(with ) wisdom obtained by meditation upapatti: [f.] happening , occurring , becoming visible , appearing , taking place , production , effecting , accomplishing; proving right , resulting; cause , reason; origin, birth; ascertained or demonstrated conclusion , proof , evidence , argument; fitness , propriety , possibility; (instr. - , suitably , in a fit manner); association , connection , possession; religious abstraction;
teaching , instruction; memory , remembrance bhvanmay: -- mf( )n. produced by imagination or meditation; -- [f.]
taught , mentioned , orally transmitted or communicated from age to age; known , famous , celebrated; known as , called (nom. with ); [n.] anything heard , that which has been heard (esp. from the beginning) , knowledge as heard by holy men and transmitted from generation to generation , oral tradition or revelation , sacred knowledge (in the Pur. personified as a child of and ); [n.] the act of hearing; learning or
DG
(api ca) .
: and, as, as well as, off, away, from, together with, with, (connecting, separating), because of, on account of, by reason of, when, as soon as, occasion, opportunity, exhortation, advice, entreaty, (continuative particle at end of clause), meadow, and, SA pa dang, polite verbal imperative, conjunction of *adjectives, with : to bear, bring forth, give birth, to litter; , ,
: ,
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'' () ()()()
(), () ,
ENG defiled praj whether it is innate or natural, or whether the result of an effort, the result of
hearing, reflection, absorption, receives,
EJyac ca stram asy prptyartham ansravy prajy,

n. sg. nom. ind. n. f. sg. gen. f. m. sg. acc. f. f. pl. nom. f.
yat ca stram asy prpti artham ansrav y praj y

f. pl. nom.
tad api tatsambhrabhvd abhidharma ity ucyate.

n. sg. nom. m. sg. m. sg. abl. m. sg. nom. ind.
tad api tat sambhra bhvt abhidharma iti ucyate.

III sg. pass.
, .
prpti: [f.] advent , occurrence; reach , range , extent; reaching , arrival at (comp.); the power (of the wind) to enter or penetrate everywhere; the power of obtaining everything (one of the 8 superhuman faculties); saving , rescue or deliverance from (abl.); attaining to , obtaining , meeting with , finding , acquisition , gain; the being met with or found; discovery , determination; obtainment , validity , holding good (of a rule); (in dram.) a joyful event , successful termination of a plot; a conjecture based on the observation of a particular thing; lot , fortune , luck;a collection; ; ( ) ; ; ; []; ; , , , , , , , , , , ,
, sambhra: [m.] (ifc. f( ).) bringing together , collecting; preparation , equipment , provision , necessaries , materials , requisite ,
; [ind.] there , in that place , thither , to that spot (correlative of / or / ); [ind.] then , at that time , in that case (correlative of / , , " because "); now (clause-connecting particle); so also , equally; this and that , various , different, " he went to this and that place " ; , " in different or various birth-places "; respective; whosoever , whichsoever , any , every; [ ind. ] even
, " that very tale "; , " that very reason which "; , " that very fortune which "); () [n.] this world;
with other demonstratives and with relatives e.g. , " I that very person , I myself " [ = Nal. xv , 10] ; , " those very two " ;
, " of whom there is intellect he is strong " ; sometimes , for the sake of emphasis , connected with the 1st and 2nd personal pronouns ,
number , quantity tad: [m.] he [f.] she [n.] it , that , this (often correlative of / generally standing in the preceding clause e.g.
add 3. - , " quietude " , and 4. - , " farsightedness " Dharmas.); = -: property , wealth; fulness , completeness: multitude ,
collection of things required for any purpose (with Buddhists twofold , viz. 1. , " meritorious acts " , and 2. - , " science " ; others -
/ ); thus , in this manner , with regard to that; on that account , for that reason , therefore , consequently (sometimes correlative of , ,
then " , nevertheless , notwithstanding; (ind.) " in such a manner as follows " , namely , viz.
DG
, .
: ,
.
. 22 | P a g e
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'' () [] .
( ) () .
ENG along with its following, by convention, the name of Abhidharma.
EJnirvacana tu-- svalakaadhrad dharma.

nirvacana tu-- svalakaa dhrat dharma. () .
nirvacana: [mfn.] not speaking , silent; unobjectionable , blameless; [ind.] silently; [n.] speaking out , pronouncing; a saying or proverb; interpretation , explanation , etymology svalaka a: , , , , , , , , dhraa: [mf( )n.] holding , bearing , keeping (in remembrance) , retention , preserving , protecting , maintaining , possessing , having (ifc. or with gen.); assuming the shape of (gen.) , resembling; [m. du.] the two female breasts; the act of holding , bearing; wearing; suffering , enduring; keeping in remembrance , memory; immovable concentration of the mind upon (loc.); [n.] restraining (cf. -) [n.] keeping back i.e. pronouncing imperfectly; , , , . , , ; , ; , , , , , ,
DG
.
: ascertain; determine; restrict noun: ascertainment; certainty; adj.: determined; ascertained; definite; limited; certain
?
,
[] () () ,
() ,
ENG One also gives the name of Abhidharma to the Treatise, for the Treatise also brings about the obtaining of pure praj: it is thus a factor in Abhidharma in the absolute sense of the word.
EJtad aya paramrthadharma v nirva dharmalakaa v

m. sg. m. sg. nom. nom. m. m. sg. acc. n. sg. ind. m. n. sg. acc.
tad aya paramrtha dharma v nirva dharma lakaa v

ind.
()
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pratyabhimukho dharma ity abhidharma. ukto hy abhidharma.
m. ind. m. ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. nom.
2013
prati abhimukha dharma iti abhidharma. ukta hi abhidharma.
(abhimukha) (prati) , .
v: [m.] (only L.) air , wind; the arm; the ocean , water; addressing; reverence; conciliation; auspiciousness; a dwelling; a tiger; cloth; the esculent root of the water-lily; [f.] going; hurting; an arrow; weaving; a weaver (?). a sort of incantation or (of which the object is the deity ); [mfn.] strong , powerful; [ind.] or (excluded , like the Lat. ve , from the first place in a sentence , and generally immediately following , rarely and only m.c. preceding , the word to which it refers); (often used in disjunctive sentences ; - , " either " -- " or " , " on the one side " --
" on the other " ; -- or -- , " neither " -- " nor " ; - , " either not " -- " or " ; - , " whether " -- " or " ; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated , although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated ; is sometimes interchangeable with and , and is frequently combined with other particles , esp. with , * , , , ,
q.v. [e.g. , " or else "] ; it is also sometimes used as an expletive); either-or not; as , like (= );just , even , indeed , very (= , laying stress on the preceding word); but even if , even supposing (followed by a future); however , nevertheless; (after a rel. or interr.) possibly , followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by " every one , all " e.g. - perhaps , I dare say; or
down upon , upon , on; before nouns it expresses also likeness or comparison (cf. -); or as a prep. with usually preceding acc. , in the comparison , on a par with , in proportion to (e.g. , in comparison with little RV. ; , on a par with i.e. equivalent to
* - , " everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt "; to blow (as the wind); to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing; to blow towards or upon (acc.); to emit an odour , be diffused (as perfume); to smell (trans.); to hurt , injure prati: [ind.] (as a prefix to roots and their derivative nouns and other nouns , sometimes ; towards , near to; against , in opposition to; back , again , in return; sense of towards , against , to , upon , in the direction of; opposite , before , in the presence of (e.g. , before heaven and earth RV. ); in
of , about , through , for (e.g. , about the month); or used distributively to express at every , in or on every , severally; in favour of , for; on account of , with regard to , concerning; conformably or according to; as , for (after a verb meaning , " to regard or consider "); or as prep. with abl. in return or as compensation for , instead or in the place of; with abl. or gen. (?) to express , " about " , " at the time of " (only towards , facing (with acc. dat. gen. ; or ifc.); going near , approaching (as * , " approaching puberty , marriageable "); (ifc.) disposed to , intending to , ready for; taking one's part , friendly disposed (with gen. or instr.); [ind.] towards (often used in a hostile manner), in the direction of , in front or presence of , near to; [ind.] in front or presence of; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; , " at daybreak " RV. ); as prep. with gen. = with reference abhimukha: [mf( , rarely )n.] with the face directed towards , turned
thousands); in the vicinity of , near , beside , at , on (e.g. , near the sacrificial post AitBr. ; , at or on the Ganges); at the time
DG
, .
: even now; thus : to turn to a side, to become partial, to be conducive to, go aside, diverge, turn, become visible, make evident, face, be evidently attached to, strongly turned towards, partisan, adherent, to turn towards : capture, this ends, maintained, recognition, the "completed/finished" auxiliary verb, to recognize, already accomplished, earth element, has been conquered
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() ()
4 () . [ ] () [ 4 ] () '' . .
ENG The Abhidharma is called abhi-dharma because it envisions (abhimukha) the dharma which
is the object of supreme knowledge, or the supreme dharma, Nirvana; or rather it is so-called because it envisions the characteristics of the dharmas, both their self-characteristics and their common (or general) characteristics.
EJida tu stra katham Abhidharmakoam?

n. sg. n. sg. nom. ind. nom. ind. n. sg. acc.
DG

: how, just as; so that; when; in the following way;
? [ ] '()'
?
ENG Why is the present work called the Abhidharmakoa?
EJtasyrthato smin samanupravet sa crayo syty Abhidharmakoam. 1.2.

n. sg. gen. m. nom. m. sg. loc. abl. m. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. gen. ind. n. sg. nom.
tasya arthata asmin samanupravet sa ca araya asya iti Abhidharmakoam.
, .
, to make one's entrance , enter); entrance on the stage; the entrance of the sun into a sign of the zodiac Var; coming or setting in (of night); the placing (e. g. of any deposit) in a person's house or hand; interfering with another's business , obtrusiveness; the entering into i.e. being contained in (loc.); employment , use , utilisation of (comp.); income , revenue , tax , toll (cf. - ); intentness on an object , engaging closely in a pursuit or purpose; manner , method; a place of entrance , door; the syringe of an injection pipe; - [m.] entrance into; imitation a raya: [m.] that to which anything is annexed or with which anything is closely connected or on which anything depends or rests; a recipient , the person or thing in which any quality or article is inherent or retained or received; seat , resting-place; dwelling , asylum , place of refuge , shelter; sam-anu-pravea: [m.] (ifc. f( ).) entering , entrance , penetration or intrusion into (loc. gen. with or without , or comp.); (acc.with
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depending on , having recourse to; help , assistance , protection; authority , sanction , warrant; a plea , excuse; the being inclined or addicted to , following , practicing; attaching to , choosing , taking; joining , union , attachment; dependance , contiguity , vicinity; relation; connection; appropriate act or one consistent with the character of the agent; (in Gr.) the subject , that to which the predicate is annexed; (with Buddhists) the five organs of sense with or mind (the six together being the recipients of the or objects which enter them by way of their or qualities); source , origin; [mfn.] ifc. depending on , resting on , endowed or furnished with; , ; ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
DG
, .
: 1) vi. to get into, be included in insert, enter, locked, entrapped. 2) vi. to comprehend, to understand. 3) to consume, spend, waste

: . . () () .
ENGThe present work is called the Abhidharmakosa because the Abhidharma enters into it through
its meaning; or because the Abhidharma constitutes its foundation.
EJsa hi strasajako bhidharma etasminn arthato yathpradhnam antarbhta ity

m. sg. nom. ind. n. m. n. m. sg. loc. m. sg. nom. n. sg. ind. n. sg.
sa hi stra sajaka abhidharma etasmin arthata yath pradhnam antarbhta iti

ind.
(sajaka)
etac chstra tasya koasthnya bhavati.

etat stra tasya koa sthnya bhavati
n. sg. nom. nom. m. sg. gen. m. III sg. pres.
.
sajaka: , , , saj: to agree together , be of the same opinion , be in harmony with ; to obey (dat.); to appoint , assign , intend (for any purpose) , destine; (only ind.p. -) to direct , order , command; to acknowledge , recognize , own; (P.) to acknowledge or claim as one's own , take possession of SaddhP. ; (P.) to think of. recollect sorrowfully (with acc. or gen.); to know well , understand; to watch for Bhat2t2. : Caus. - , , to cause to be of the same opinion or agree together; to cause to acquiesce or agree in (euphemistically said of a sacrificial victim , which ought not to be led forcibly to its death but made to resign itself); to appease , satisfy; to make to be understood or known , cause to understand; to make signs to (acc.) , communicate or make anything known by signs; to command , enjoin , instruct; [mfn.] e.g. - , " one who has recovered consciousness "; - f. " recovery of consciousness " ); [n.] a yellow fragrant wood , yellow sanders; [f.] (ifc. signal , gesture (with the hand , eyes &c ; or , " to give a signal "); direction (in - , " one who has received no direction "); a track , footstep; a name , appellation , title , technical term; (in gram.) the name of anything thought of as standing by itself , any noun having a special meaning ( therefore denotes " [used] in some peculiar sense rather than in its strictly etymological meaning " e.g. as a proper f( ).) agreement , mutual understanding , harmony; consciousness , clear knowledge or understanding or notion or conception; a sign , token ,
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instance , namely (also , " as here follows "); as it is or was (elliptically); that , so that , in order that (with Pot. or Subj. , later also with
, , Ved. also / ); ( * or ** , " as for that " ; - or - , " as surely as " - " so truly "); as , for
which manner or way , according as , as , like (also with , , , , * , , , and followed by correl. , ,
name); a technical expression in grammar; (with Buddhists) perception yath: [ind.] (in also unaccented ; fr. 3. , correlative of / ) in
in proportion as " , - " so " , " by how much the more " - " by so much " , " the more " - " the more" ; , " in whatever manner " , " in
properly , correctly (= ) BhP. ( / -/ or / * , " in whatever manner " , - " in that manner " , " according as " or "
as; as , because , since ( - , " as " - " therefore "); as if (with Pot.); how (= quam , expressing " admiration "); according to what is right ,
that (esp. after verbs of " knowing " , " believing " , " hearing " , " doubting " &c ; either with or without at the end of the sentence); as soon
fut. pres. , impf. and aor. ; in earlier language is often placed after the first word of a sentence ; sometimes with ellipsis of and ) ;
head of; ([often also ifc. (f( ).) e.g. - , (a hymn) having as the chief object or person addressed); " the Originator " , primary
* , " just as if ") pradhna: [n.] a chief thing or person , the most important or essential part of anything; the principal or first , chief ,
every way " , " anyhow " ; with , " in no way " , " really not " ; , " in any way " , " somehow or other " ; * , " just as " ;
germ , original source of the visible or material universe (in = q.v.); primary or unevolved matter or nature; supreme or universal soul; intellect , understanding; the first companion or attendant of a king , a courtier , a noble (also m.); an elephant-driver (also m.); (in gram.) the principal member of a compound; [mf( )n.] chief , main , principal , most important; [mf( )n.] pre-eminent in (instr.); [mf( )n.] better place in , being in (comp. ; - , " having its place in the throat "); belonging to or prevailing in any place , local; occupying the place of , representing (comp.); [n.] a town or a large village than or superior to; ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , antarbhta: [mfn.] (ifc.) being or contained in anything; [mfn.] being within , internal , inner.sthnya: [mfn.] having its
DG
, .
: very important; [to be] essential; adj. comp. of {gces po} to cherish, dear; diligent, eager /importance. crucial
: . , . () '(, kosa)' .
ENGThe Treatise that bears the name of Abhidharma enters by its meaning into this work, which is
thus the Abhidharmakosa, "the sheath of the Abhidharma."
: , : EJatha v-- so bhidharma etasyrayabhta strasya,

ind. ind. m. sg. nom. m. n. sg. gen. m. sg. m. sg. nom.
atha v-- sa abhidharma etasya araya bhta strasya

n. sg. gen.
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, (araya) .
2013
atha: [ind.] (or Ved. /) (probably fr. pronom. base ) an auspicious and inceptive particle (not easily expressed in English) , now, then, moreover, rather, certainly, but, else, what? how else? v: [m.] (only L. ) air , wind, the arm, the ocean , water, addressing, reverence, conciliation, auspiciousness, a dwelling, a tiger, cloth, the esculent root of the water-lily, [f.] going, hurting, an arrow, weaving, [n.] a weaver (?). a sort of incantation or (of which the object is the deity ); [mfn.] strong , powerful, [ind.] or (excluded , like the Lat. ve , from the first place in a sentence , and generally immediately following , rarely and only m.c. preceding , the word to which it refers); (often used in disjunctive sentences ; - , " either " -- " or " , " on the one side " -- " on the other " ; -- or -- , " neither " -- " nor " ; - , " either not " -- " or " ; - , " whether " -- " or " ; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated , although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated ; is sometimes interchangeable with and , and is frequently combined with
the s); [n.] (cf. above ) that which is or exists , any living being (divine , human , animal , and even vegetable) , the world (in these senses also m.); a spirit (good or evil) , the ghost of a deceased person , a demon , imp , goblin (also m.); an element , one of the 5 elements (esp. a gross element = - q.v. ; but also a subtle element = q.v. ; with Buddhists there are only 4 element); [n.] well-being , welfare , prosperity; , , , , , , ; , , , , , , ,
translated by " every one , all " e.g. - * - , " everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt "; to blow (as the wind); to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing; to blow towards or upon (acc.); to emit an odour , be diffused (as perfume); to smell (trans.); to hurt , injure bhta: [mf( )n.] become , been , gone , past (n. the past); actually happened , true , real (n. an actual occurrence , fact , matter of fact , reality); existing , present; (ifc.) being or being like anything , consisting of , mixed or joined with; purified; obtained; fit , proper; often w.r. for ; [m.] a son , child; a great devotee or ascetic; (pl.) N. of an heretical sect (with s , a class of
however , nevertheless; (after a rel. or interr.) possibly , perhaps , I dare say; or followed by a negative may in such cases be
or not; as , like (= ); just , even , indeed , very (= , laying stress on the preceding word); but even if , even supposing (followed by a future);
other particles , esp. with , * , , , , q.v. [e.g. , " or else "] ; it is also sometimes used as an expletive); either-
DG
() .
: 1) cast off cast out, throw away, banish; 2) be in excess/ surplus, more than a vessel can hold, overflow
: . ENG Or rather as the Abhidharma is the point of support of this work,
EJtato hy etan nirkam,

ind. n. sg. ind. nom. pp. acc.
tato hi etat nir-kam,
.
tato: [ind.] from there; from that; thence; therefore; thereupon; [adv.] on that account; [Abl. of pron. base ta (see ta II.4)] 1. from this, in this (tato para beyond this, after this); 2. thence 3. thereupon, further, afterwards ka: [mfn.] drawn , pulled , attracted; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; : [mfn.] drawn, ploughed or tilled; [mn.] cultivated ground; [m.] " lengthened "
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DG
.
2013
? , , ENGone can say that this work is drawn from out of the Abhidharma, as from a sheath
EJata sa evsybhidharma koa ity etac chstram Abhidharmakoam. 2.

ata sa eva asya abhidharma koa iti etat stram Abhidharmakoam
ind. m. sg. m. sg. nom. ind. gen. m. sg. nom. m. sg. n. sg. ind. nom. n. sg. acc. n. sg. acc.
.
ata: [indecl.] therefore, hence, so, from here, for this reason, from this, from that time; [Pali] Ato (adv.) hence, now, therefore eva: ind. (in the also / ) ( Un2. i , 152 ; fr. pronom. base BRD. , probably connected with 2. /) , so , just so , exactly so (in the sense of strengthening the idea expressed by any word , must be variously rendered by such adverbs as) just , exactly , very , same , only , even ,
the later ) ; indeed , truly , really (often at the beginning of a verse in conjunction with other particles , as , ); (in its most frequent use of alone , merely , immediately on , still , already; (sometimes , esp. in connection with other adverbs , is a mere expletive without any exact
diminution , command , restrainment); ( ) , going , moving , speedy , quick; course , way (generally instr. pl.); [m.] the earth , world; a horse; [m. pl.] way or manner of acting or proceeding , conduct , habit , usage , custom
meaning and not translatable e.g. , * , , &c ; according to native authorities implies emphasis , affirmation , detraction ,
DG
.
.
.
'' ,
'( ' .
ENGit is thus called the Abhidharmakosa, "the work which has the Abhidharma for a sheath."
EJkim artha punar abhidharmopadea?

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kim artha punar abhidharma upadea
ind. m. sg. acc. m. sg. ind. m. sg. nom.
2013
?
punar: [ind.] back , home , in an opposite direction; again , once more (also with ib. (with , to exist again , be renewed , become a )
, even again , on the other hand , also ; , at any time , ever ; , how much more or less? however ; - , nownow ; at one time - at another time). upadea : [m.] pointing out to , reference to; specification , instruction , teaching , information , advice , prescription; plea , pretext; initiation , communication of the initiatory or formula; N. of a class of writings ( Buddh. ); a name , title
wife again , re-marry); again and again , repeatedly; further , moreover , besides; however , still , nevertheless; , , or alone ;
DG
?
? , ENG Why was the Abhidharma taught?
EJkena cya prathamata upadio yata cryo bhidharmakoa vaktum driyata? iti ha-kena ca aya prathamata upadia yata crya abhidharmakoa vaktum driyata? iti ha
ind. m. sg. ind. nom. m. sg. pp. n. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. III sg. inf. ind. ind.
(yata) ? .
kena: [ind.] instr. (fr. 2. / ) , by what?; whom? whence?; how? why? prathama: [mf(/)n.] (for - , superl. of 1. ; rarely declined as
principal , most excellent; firstly , at first , for the first time; just , newly , at once , forthwith; formerly , previously ( also as prep. with gen. =
a pron. e.g. / ) foremost , first (in time or in a series or in rank); earliest , primary , original , prior , former; preceding , initial , chief ,
a , a surd unaspirate letter; [m.] (scil. ) , the first (= our 3rd) person or its terminations; [m.] (scil. ) , the first tone; in math. the sum of the products divided by the difference between the squares of the cosine of the azimuth and the sine of the amplitude; [f.] (in gram.) the first or nominative case and its terminations; [f. du.] the first two cases and their terminations upadia: [mfn.] specified , particularized; taught , instructed; mentioned; prescribed , commanded; initiated; [n.] counsel , advice , (in dram.) a persuasive speech in conformity with the prescribed rules; ; , , , , yata: [mfn.] under restrained , held in , held forth , kept down or limited , subdued , governed , controlled; [n.] restraint; [n.] the spurring or guiding of an elephant by means of the rider's feet driyata: [past. cau. of : to respect , honour; occurring only with prep. cf. - ]
before , e.g. Mn. ii , 194 ; or , first--afterwards ; - , first--next); [m.] (in gram. , scil. ) , the first consonant of
DG
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, ,
: dissolve, cut off, explain, teaching, tell, convey, eliminated, cut into pieces, decay, separate, break asunder, cease, end, stop, explain, dead house, shed where corpse is kept, convincing explanation if you ask, if one asks so, if one says so
? :
? .
ENG By whom was the Abhidharma originally taught? The answer to these two questions will tell
us why the author piously undertakes the writing of the Abhidharmakosa.
EJdharm pravicayam antarea nsti klen yata upantaye bhyupya.

dharm pravicayam antarea na asti klen yata upantaye abhyupya
m. pl. gen. m. sg. acc. n. sg. ins. III sg. ind. pres. m. pl. gen. n. n. sg. loc. m. sg. nom.
.
pravicaya: [m.] investigation , examination; [-: m.] gathering or putting together , arrangement , enumeration; search , investigation , ; ; dhar m pravicayam: , antara: [mf( )n.] being in the interior , interior; near , proximate , related , intimate; lying adjacent to; distant; different from; exterior; [n.] the interior; a hole , opening; the interior part of a thing , the contents; soul , heart , supreme soul; interval , intermediate space or time; period; term; opportunity , occasion; place; distance , absence; difference , remainder; property , peculiarity; weakness , weak side; representation; surety , guaranty; respect , regard; different , other , another e.g. * , tranquil; ceased , extinct , intermitted; [n.] tranquillity, peace; , , , , , , , abhyupya: - * [m.] examination; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; , , , , , ; ; ;;
another country; [ind.] in the interior , within; [ind.] in the interior , within upanta: - [mfn.] calmed , appeased , pacified; calm , an agreement , promise , engagement; a means , an expedient: , , , , , ,
DG
.
: because; for that reason; for the sake of; why? {C}yatas; : 1) yet. 2a) close, near, intimate, close friend. 2b) to be near, to be close, near to each other; to approach. 3) relatives, a relative of
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ENGApart from the discernment of the dharmas, there is no means to extinguish the defilments,
EJkleai ca bhramati bhavrave tra lokas taddhetor ata udita kilaia str. 1.3.
m. pl. ins. ind. III sg. pres. m. sg. loc. ind. m. sg. n. sg. m. sg. nom. nom. nom. pp. m. sg. nom. pp. ind. m. sg. nom.
kleai ca bhramati bhavrave atra loka tat heta rata 4 udita kila ea str
m. sg. nom.
(kila) [ ] .
bhramati: [] to wander or roam about , rove , ramble (with , to wander through or over a country ; with , go about begging); to fly about (as bees); to roll about (as the eyes); to wag (as the tongue); to quiver (as the fetus in the womb); to move to and fro or unsteadily , flicker , flutter , reel , totter; to move round , circulate , revolve (as stars); to spread , be current (as news); to waver , be perplexed , doubt , err Bhag. Pur. Siddh. : Pass. aor. (impers. , with , " you have wandered or roamed about ") R. : Caus. (mc. also ; aor.
: Pass. ) , to cause to wander or roam , drive or move about , agitate; (with or -) , to move a drum about , proclaim by beat of drum; to cause to move or turn round or revolve , swing , brandish; to drive through (acc.) in a chariot; to disarrange; to cause to err , confuse; to move or roam about arava: [mfn.] agitated , foaming , restless; a wave , flood; the foaming sea; the ocean of air (sometimes personified as a demon with the epithet / or / ) ; [mn.] ( , rarely [ MBh. xiii , 7362]) the sea; atra: [ind.] (or Ved. then; [m.] (for , fr. ) , a devourer , demon rata: &c under [mfn.] pleased , amused , gratified; delighting in , intent upon , fond or enamoured of , devoted or attached or addicted or disposed to (loc. instr. or comp.); (ifc.) having sexual intercourse with; loved , beloved; [n.] pleasure , enjoyment , (esp.) enjoyment of love , sexual union , copulation; the private parts udita: [mfn.] (for 2. s.v.) risen , ascended; being above , high , tall , lofty; conceited , proud , boasting; elevated risen; increased , grown , augmented; born , produced; apparent , visible; incurred , experienced; [mfn.] (p.p. of q.v. ; for 1. col.1) said , spoken; spoken to , addressed; communicated , proclaimed , declared; (especially) proclaimed by law , taught , handed down; authoritative , right; indicated , signified; ([a form occurs , incorrectly so said " " so reported " , pretendedly; ( is preceded by the word on which it lays stress , and occurs very rarely at the beginning of a spelt for - ) kila: [m.] play , trifling; [ind.] (a particle of asseveration or emphasis) indeed , verily , assuredly; (or of explanation) namely; " sentence or verse; according to native lexicographers may be used in communicating intelligence , and may imply " probably " , " possibly /-) (fr. pronominal base ; often used in sense of loc. case ) , in this matter , in this respect, in this place , here at this time , there ,
" , " agreement " , " dislike " , " falsehood " , " inaccuracy " , and " reason. ") ia: [mfn.] seeking ( - ); [mfn.] possessing sap and strength; well-fed , strong; sappy , juicy , fertile ea: [mfn.] gliding , running , hastening; (nom. m. of / q.v.); seeking; [m.] the act of seeking or going after; [m. ( / )] wish , option; [ ;f.] wish
DG
, . : worldliness, height, length, extension, dominion, government, till, during, world, phenomena, society, temporal, cosmic, "possible" auxiliary verb, it might be, may arise, is produced, may occur, produces the existence of : dispersed, roaming about, transmigrate

, . , .
ENG and it is by reason of the defilements that the world wanders in the ocean of existence.
4
Ejima: hetor ata
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So it is with a view to this discernment that the Abhidharma has been, they say, spoken [by the Master].
EJyato vin dharmapravicayena nsti kleopaambhyupya,

m. sg. ind. ind. m. sg. ins. ind. III sg. m. sg. pres. m. sg.
yata vin dharma pravicayena na asti klea upaama abhyupya

m. sg. nom.

yata: [adj.]because; [indecl.]since vin: [ind.] (prob. a kind of instr. of 3. ) without , except , short or exclusive of (preceded or followed by , " there is nothing , O god , that is without thee " upaama: [m.] the becoming quiet , an acc. instr. , rarely abl. ; exceptionally e.g. - , without honesty , - , without faith ) (sometimes is used pleonastically , e.g.
assuagement , alleviation , stopping , cessation , relaxation , intermission; tranquillity of mind , calmness , patience; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
DG

: . . () []
.
ENG Apart from the discernment of dharmas, there does not exist any means for the extinguishing
of the defilements
EJkle ca loka bhramayanti sasramahrave smin,

m. pl. nom. ind. m. sg. acc. III pl. caus. m. m. sg. loc. m. sg. loc.
kle ca loka bhramayanti sasra mahrave asmin
DG

,
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() , ENGand these are the defilements which cause the world to wander in the great ocean of
transmigration.
2013
EJatas taddhetos tasya dharmapravicayasyrthe str kila buddhenbhidharma ukta;

ata tat heto tasya dharma pravicayasya arthe str kila buddhena abhidharma ukta
n. sg. m. sg. ind. nom. nom. n. sg. gen. m. m. sg. gen. m. sg. m. sg. loc. nom. ind. m. sg. ins. m. m. sg. pp. nom.
.
ata: [indecl.] therefore, hence, so, from here, for this reason, from this, from that time; [Pali] Ato (adv.) hence, now, therefore
DG
.
. ENG This is why, say the Vaibhikas, with a view to the discernment of the dharmas, the master,
the Buddha, the Blessed One, spoke the Abhidharma.
EJna hi vin abhidharmopadeena iya akto dharmn pravicetum iti.

m. sg. ind. ind. ind. m. sg. ins. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. pl. acc. III sg. inf.
na hi vin abhidharma upadeena iya akta dharmn pravicetum iti.

ind.
.
vin: [ind.] (prob. a kind of instr. of 3. ) without , except , short or exclusive of (preceded or followed by an acc. instr. , rarely abl. ; cf. Pa1n2.
thee " Hariv. 14966). upadea: - [m.] pointing out to , reference to, specification , instruction , teaching , information , advice ,
MBh. &c (sometimes is used pleonastically , e.g. , " there is nothing , O god , that is without
2-3 , 32 ; exceptionally ifc. ,g. e.g. g. , without faith Subh. ) AV. xx , 136 , 13 (not in manuscript) Mn. - , without honesty , -
writings ( Buddh. ); a name , title iya: 1. / [mfn.] to be taught ( - ; - - , " it must be taught that the word has the meaning of - "); to be instructed; [m.] a pupil , scholar , disciple (f(). a female pupil); [m.] passion , anger, violence akta: [mfn.] able , competent for , equal to , capable of (instr. gen. dat. loc. acc. of person with inf. , or comp.); [mfn.] = ,
having an ] in which a root , base , affix , augment , or any word or part of a word is enunciated in grammatical treatises); N. of a class of
prescription, plea , pretext, initiation , communication of the initiatory or formula, (in Gr.) original enunciation (i.e. the original form [often
able to be (with inf. in a pass. sense) pravici: [ - - ] P. - , to search through , investigate , examine
34 | P a g e

DG
.
2013
().
.
ENG For, without the teaching of the Abhidharma, a disciple would be incapable of discerning the
dharmas
EJsa tu prakra ukto bhagavat,

m. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. pl. nom.
sa tu prakra ukta bhagavat

tu: [ind.] (never found at the beginning of a sentence or verse ; metrically also / RV. ; cf. Pa1n2. 6-3 , 133) pray! I beg , do , now , then , Lat. -- though -- still not; -- not but; -- not but; -- though still; -- though still; dum used (esp. with the Imper.); but (also with / or / following); often incorrectly written for ; sometimes used as a mere expletive;
filled with , full of (instr.); covered, hidden; stopped up (as the ears); given (= ); 2 [mfn.] ( 2. ) injured , hurt bhagavata:
is true -- but not , ere than; still , nevertheless; -- not however; -- certainly -- but prakra: [mfn.] scattered , thrown about , dispersed; squandered; disordered , disheveled; waved , waving; mixed , containing various subjects , miscellaneous; standing alone , nowhere mentioned; confused , incoherent (as speech); expanded , opened; spread abroad , published; [m.] a horse (?); [n.] a miscellany , any miscellaneous collection; a chapter or section of a book; extent; scattering or throwing about; : [mfn.] ( 1. ) scattered , thrown , cast;
though still; though still; -- it is true -- but not , ere than; -- it is true -- but not , ere than; -- it
DG

: non-case particle preceding a statement of opinion: someone; gives "na re" as a syntactic particle that "marks a subject which is the source of an opinion or a statement"; 1) the says, he said, said, uttered, spoke. : a little; in fragments pieces, individually [vs in bulk]; bits
. () ENG However, the Vaibhasikas explain, the Blessed One spoke the Abhidharma in fragments.
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EJbhadantaktyyanputraprabhtibhi piktya sthpita

bhadanta ktyyanputra 5 prabhti-bhi piktya sthpita
m. sg. acc. ind. III. sg. ger. m. sg. p.p.p. nom.
(collecting-piktya) (regulated-sthpita)
sthaviradharmatrtodna -vargyakaraavad ity hur vaibhik. 3.

sthavira dharmatrta 6 udna vargya 7 karaavat iti hu vaibhik
m. sg. n. sg. adv. ind. m. pl. nom.
- .
prabhti: [f.] ( / -) bringing forward , offering (of sacrifice or praise); a throw or stroke; beginning , commencement; " commencing with ; - [ind.] (after an abl. adv. or ifc.) beginning with , from--forward or upward; (e.g. , " from boyhood upwards " ; - , " from birth " ; , " beginning from to-day , henceforth " ; or , " thenceforth ") pikta: -- [mfn.] made into a lump or ball , heaped , collected , joined , united pia: [m.] (rarely n.) any round or roundish mass or heap , a ball , globe , knob , button , clod , lump , piece; a roundish lump of food , a bite , morsel , mouthful; (esp.) a ball of rice or flour &c offered to the s or deceased ancestors , a bhadanta: [ ] [m.] a term of respect applied to a Buddhist, a Buddhist mendicant: ; , , , ,
" or " et caetera " e.g. - , " the s beginning with " i.e. " the s , &c " ; in this sense also )
oblation; food , daily bread , livelihood , subsistence; any solid mass or material object , the body , bodily frame; the calf of the leg; the flower of a China rose; power , force , an army; (du.) the fleshy parts of the shoulder situated above the collar-bone; (du.) the two projections of an elephant's frontal sinus; the embryo in an early stage of gestation; a partic. kind of incense; meat , flesh; alms; quantity , collection; [n.] ( L. ) iron; steel; fresh butter; [f.] a kind of musk sthpita: [mfn.] caused or made to stand , fixed , established , founded; handed over , deposited; lodged; put aside , kept , stored; wedded; ordered , regulated , enjoyed , ordained , enacted; settled , ascertained , certain; firm , steady karaavat: -- [mfn.] articulated karaa: [mf( )n] doing , making , effecting , causing; clever , skillful; a helper , companion; [m.] a man of a mixed class; writer , scribe; m. (in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech (or as separated from the context ; in this sense usually n.); (in mus.) a kind of time; [f.] a woman of the above mixed tribe; (with ) an adopted daughter; (in arithm.) a surd or irrational number , surd root; the side of a square; a particular measure; a particular position of the fingers; [n.] the act of making , doing , producing , effecting; an act , deed; an action (esp. a religious one); the special business of any tribe or caste; a calculation (esp. an astronomical one); [n.] pronunciation , articulation ,(in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech , separated from its context; the posture of an ascetic; a posture in sexual intercourse; instrument , means of action; an organ of sense or of speech; (in law) an instrument , document , bond; (in Gr.) the means or instrument by which an action is effected , the idea expressed by the instrumental case , instrumentality; [n.] cause (= ); a spell , charm ; rhythm , time; body; a field; the mind , heart; grain; (also) a sinew, tendon, muscle, hu: are said; declare; is known; say; is said; say; says; declare; is called; are called; it is said; they call; are called;
DG
An important Sarvstivdin scholar- monk, active during the late 2nd century bce in Kashmir. He compiled the Jna -
prasthna( ), the basic summary of Abhidharma according to Sarvstivdin tenets. A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press,
6
: 1 . .
The Udnavarga is an early Buddhist collection of topically organized chapters (Sanskrit: varga) of aphoristic verses or "utterances" (Sanskrit: udna). While not part of the Pali Canon, the Udnavarga has many chapter titles, verses and an overall format similar to those found in the Pali Canon's Dhammapada and Udna. At this time, there exist one Sanskrit recension, two Chinese recensions and two or three Tibetan recensions of the Udnavarga. The Tibetan Buddhist and Chinese Buddhist canons' recensions are traditionally said to have been compiled by Dharmatrta.
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, , .
: 1) for the purpose/sake of, in order to, specifically, expressly, deliberately, specially, particularly, purposely, intentionally. 2) caused by: section, class, faction, order; unit, department, set; domain, district; subclass, subgroup, subsection; community, tribe; community, section, division, practitioners, section teaching, scripture, faction, order, unit, department, set, domain, district, sub-class, subgroup, subsection. army {rgyal po sde dang bcas} the king and his army

, . . () (, Katyayan putra) , (, Dharmatrta) () ( , Udana) . (, Vaibhika) () () .
ENG And in the same way that the Sthavira Dharmatrta made a collection of the Udanas scattered
throughout the Scriptures,the Udnavargain this same way the ryan Ktyyniputra and the other Saints established the Abhidharma [by collecting it into the seven Abhidharmas].
EJkatame punas te dharm ye pravicayrtham abhidharmopadea?

ind. ind. m. pl. m. pl. nom. nom. m. pl. gen. m. m. sg. acc. m. m. sg. nom.
katame puna te dharm ye pravicaya artham abhidharma upadea
?
upadea: [m.] pointing out to , reference to; specification , instruction , teaching , information , advice , prescription; plea , pretext (= - );
initiation , communication of the initiatory or formula; (in Gr.) original enunciation (i.e. the original form [often having an ] in which a root , base , affix , augment , or any word or part of a word is enunciated in grammatical treatises); a name , title
DG
?
:
some; what; which; who
?
.
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, '
'?
ENGWhat are the dharmas of which the Abhidharma teaches the discerning?
EJity ha-- ssrav nsrav dharm, ea sarvadharm samsanirdea.

ind. pret. m. pl . nom. m. pl. nom. m. pl nom. m. pl. nom. pron. m. pl. gen. m. m. sg. nom.
iti ha-- ssrav ansrav dharm ea sarva dharm samsa nirdea.
. [].
samsa: [m.] (for 2. - ) throwing or putting together , aggregation , conjunction , combination , connection , union , totality ( , "
fully , wholly , summarily "); succinctness , conciseness , condensation (ibc. and - , " concisely , succinctly , briefly "); (in gram.)
, , and or - [qq. vv.] ; an improper compound is called -); euphonic combination (= ); (in astron.) a partic. circle; composition of differences , reconciliation (-); the part of a given for completion (= ); [m.] abiding together , connection nirdea : [m.] pointing out , indicating , directing , order , command , instruction (often ifc.); description , specification , special mention , details or particulars; vicinity , proximity; certainty , ascertainment; a partic. number Buddh.
composition of words , a compound word (of which there are accord. to native grammarians , 6 kinds , viz. , - , - , -
DG
. .
; ;
: : . . () () . ,
ENGThe dharmas are impure, "in a relationship with the defilements," or pure,"with no relationship
to the defilements." This is the complete teachings of all the dharmas.
EJtatra katame ssrav dharm? ity ha

tatra katame ssrav dharm? iti ha
ind. ind. m. pl. nom. m. pl. nom. ind. pret.
?
tatra: [ind.] (also RV. ) in that place , there; thither , to that place; in that , therein , in that case , on that occasion , under those
/ in that and that place , here and there , everywhere; / to every place; used for the loc. , in
circumstances , then , therefore , , " that month " i.e. the month that has been spoken of; / used for double loc. of / ;
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whatever; in whatever place , anywhere; to any place whatever; at any rate , indiscriminately; * , to whatever place
DG
?
? : ? ENGWhat are the impure dharmas?
EJsaskt mrgavarjit ssrav,

saskt mrga varjit ssrav
m. pl. nom. m. sg. nom. m. pl. nom. m. pl. nom.
[].
varjita: [mfn.] excluded , abandoned , avoided; (with instr. or ifc.) deprived of , wanting , without , with the exception of.
DG
.
() . ENGConditioned dharmas, with the exception of the Path, are impure.
EJmrgasatya varjayitv nye sarve saskt ssrav.

mrga satya varjayitv anye sarve saskt ssrav m. n. sg. III sg. adj. pron. m. pl. m. pl. nom. ger. loc. loc. nom. nom.
[] .
DG
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.
2013
: . () (). ENGWith the exception of the Path, all conditioned dharmas are defiled.
EJki kraam? DG ? ? ENG Why is this?
EJsravs teu yasmt samanuerate.

srav teu yasmt samanuerate m. pl. m. pl. m. sg. III sg. nom. loc. abl. A. pres.
DG
.
: because; for that reason; for the sake of; why? therefore
: . () [] . ENGThey are impure because the defilements adhere to them.
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EJkma nirodhamrgasatylamban api srav upajyante,
2013
kma nirodha mrga satya alamban api srav upajyante m. m. n. m. pl. m. pl. III pl. nom. nom. cau. pass.
(alamban) .
kma: [m.] (fr. 2. ; once / VS. xx , 60), wish , desire , longing ( , my wish is that you should eat ), desire for , longing after (gen. dat. , or loc.) , love , affection , object of desire or of love or of pleasure; pleasure , enjoyment; love , especially sexual love or sensuality; Love or Desire personified; [f.] wish , desire "; ; [][n.] object of desire; [ind.] out of affection or love for; according to desire , agreeably to the wishes of , out of love for (gen. or dat.); according to desire , agreeably to the wishes of , out of love for (gen. or dat.); for one's own pleasure , of one's own free will , of one's own accord , willingly , intentionally; [mfn.] wishing , desiring; [n.] (ifc.) desirous of , desiring , having a desire or intention (cf. - , - ; frequently with inf. in cf. - .) kma m: [n.] (ifc.) desirous of , desiring , having a desire or intention (cf. - , - ; frequently with inf. in cf. .); (acc. of / g. * ) according to wish or desire , according to inclination , agreeably to desire , at will , freely , willingly; with pleasure , readily , gladly; (as a particle of assent) well , very well , granted , admitted that , indeed , really , surely; well and good , in any case , at any rate; (with , " in no case "); granted that , in spite of that , notwithstanding; though , although , supposing that (usually with Impv.); ( - or or , rather than e.g.
" BhP. vii , 2 , 54 ; - or or or or * or * , well , indeed , surely , truly , granted , though - however ,
interrogative sentence e.g. * , " rather let the god take me , what is the use to me of half my existence? notwithstanding , nevertheless e.g. - , * , " granted that forsaken by thee I shall go
one void of excellent qualities " Mn. ix , 89 ; the negative sentence with or or may also precede , or its place may be taken by an
- - , " rather should a girl stay at home till her death , than that he should give her to
- this child however thou must not forsake "; or the disjunctive particles may be left out; - * , though - nevertheless Prab. ) alambana: [n.] depending on or resting upon; hanging from; supporting , sustaining; foundation , base; reason , cause; (in rhetoric) the natural and necessary connection of a sensation with the cause which excites it; [n.] the mental exercise practised by the in endeavouring to realize the gross form of the Eternal; silent repetition of a prayer; (with Buddhists) the five attributes of things (apprehended by or connected with the five senses , viz. form , sound , smell , taste , and touch ; also or law belonging to ). api: or sometimes ( - , - , (As a separable adv.) and , also , moreover , besides , assuredly , surely; suppose that, perhaps, or - , as well as; * or or * , neither , nor , * , (and at the beginning of a sentence) - , moreover; is often used to express emphasis , in the
) , expresses placing near or over , uniting to , annexing , reaching to , proximity , in later Sanskrit its place seems frequently supplied by ;
but , but yet; ( -), as well-as,
beginning of a sentence; may strengthen the original force of the Potential , or may soften the Imperative , like the English " be pleased to ";
* , anywhere; imparts to numerals the notion of totality e.g. , of all the four castes; may be interrogative at the
the sense of but , only , at least e.g. , only a moment; may be affixed to an interrogative to make it indefinite , e.g. , any one;
notwithstanding; , even if , although; * , although , nevertheless; , never at any time: sometimes in
sense of even , also , very; e.g. , also another , something more; * , this very day , even now; * , even thus ,
DG
,
: possibly, may only be, instant, moment, disease, "even though" clause connective, but, the moment; 1) the very moment, at that moment, right away, instantly; 2) [though indeed, *] [it is]; 3) many, plenty) : dust, powder, ashes, pass, step beyond, miss the mark, elapse, change from, pass through, arrives at, past, done, finished, dirt, consequence, to penetrate, all-surpassing
: , , () () ''
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ENGWithout doubt certain defilements, for example false views, can have the Path or the
unconditioned dharmas, for their object.
EJna tv anuerate tatrti na tayo ssravatvaprasaga.
na tu anuerate tatra iti na tayo ssravatva prasa ga III sg. m. du. III m. sg. ind. ind. A. pres. ind. ind. ind. loc. ger. nom.
, [ .]
prasaga: [m.] adherence , attachment , inclination or devotion to , indulgence in , fondness for , gratification of , occupation or intercourse with (loc. gen. or comp.); ( ind. assiduously , zealously , eagerly ; cf. also below); evil inclination or illicit pursuit; union , connection (ifc. "
anything; occurrence of a possibility , contingency , case , event; (e.g. - , " in the event of a diphthong being prolated "); applicability; an occasion , incident , conjuncture , time , opportunity; (ibc. ; ,and ind. when the occasion presents itself ,
connected with " e.g. -- , " honey connected with or coming in the spring season "); (pl.) all that is connected with or results from
mention of parents (? = -); (in dram.) a second or subsidiary incident or plot; (pl.) of a Buddhistic school; [reductio ad absurdum] that any positive assertion (such as "asti" or "nsti", "it is", or "it is not") or view regarding phenomena must be regarded a s merely conventional (sa vti or lokavyavahra).; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , , , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( ); ;
occasionally , incidentally ; , " on that occasion "); * , " on a certain occasion " ; ,- or -
DG
. .
.
, .
. ENG This does not make the Path or these dharmas impure, or in a (necessary) relationship with the
defilements, because the defilements do not adhere to them.
EJyath tatra nnuerate tat pacd anuayanirdea eva jpayiyma ukt ssrav.
yath tatra na anuerate tat pact anuaya nirdea eva jpayiyma ukt ssrav III sg. n. sg. m. sg. m. m. I pl. m. pl. m. pl. ind. ind. ind. A pres. nom. abl. ind. cau. fut. nom. nom.
, .
paca: [mfn.] hinder , later , western , only; posterior; later anuaya: [m.] close connection as with a consequence , close attachment to any object; (in phil.) the consequence or result of an act (which clings to it and causes the soul after enjoying the temporary freedom from
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; inf. ) to know , have knowledge , become acquainted with (acc. ; rarely gen. MBh. iii , 2154 Hariv. 7095) , perceive , apprehend , understand (also with inf.) , experience , recognise , ascertain , investigate; to know as , know or perceive that , regard or consider as (with double acc. e.g. , " know me to be his daughter "; with , " to consider as untrue "; to acknowledge , approve , allow; to with clarified butter "): Caus. , to teach any one (acc.); (Pass. ) to make known , announce , teach anything; to inform any examine; to wish for information about (acc.); to conjecture: Caus. Desid. (also Siddh. ) and (cf. ) , to one (gen.) that (double acc.); to request , ask ( ) ( ): Desid. to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn , investigate , recognise as one's own , take possession of; to visit as a friend; to remember (with gen.); to engage in (gen. e.g. , " to make an oblation
irr. [ MBh. ] ; pf. , , 3. pl. / ; p. / ; fut. , ; aor. , Pass. /; Pot. or sg.
Impv. , 2. sg. / , once irr. BhP. x , 89 , 46 ; [fr. cl.3.] ; 2. pl. irr. . ii , 2397 ; 2. sg. A1. irr. ; p. / , /
transmigration to enter other bodies); repentance , regret; hatred; ancient or intense enmity; [f.] a disease of the feet , a boil or abscess on the upper part; [f.] a boil on the head. nirdea: [m.] pointing out , indicating , directing , order , command , instruction (often ifc.);description , specification , special mention , details or particulars; vicinity , proximity; certainty , ascertainment j: / , / ; Subj. ;
wish to make known or inform; [mf( )n.] knowing , familiar with (chiefly in comp. ; rarely gen. or loc. MBh. xii , 12028 R. vii , 91 , 25); knowing , familiar with " - , - and -/ , /--.
intelligent , having a soul , wise , (m.) a wise and learned man; having as deity; [m.] the thinking soul (= ); [m.] ; [mfn.] ifc. "
DG
.
: "subtle increaser", latent tendency; affective structure, dormant state of emotivity, subtle expanding modes, misery
' ' ()
. .
ENG This point will be explained later in the Fifth Chapter.
[01501-01506] EJansrav katame?

m. pl, nom. m. pl. acc.
DG

? () ?
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ENGWhat are the pure dharmas?
2013
EJansrav mrgasatya trividha cpy asasktam.

f. sg. nom. m. n. sg. acc. m. sg. acc. ind. ind. m. sg. acc.
ansrav mrga satya trividha ca api asasktam.
.
vidha: [m.] piercing , perforating; measure , form , kind; food for an elephant
DG
.
: 3 () . ENGThe undefiled truth of the Path and the three unconditioned things are pure. EJkatamat trividham asasktam?
katama trividham asasktam?
m. sg. nom. m. sg. acc. m. sg. acc.
DG

? ? ENGWhat are the three unconditioned things?
EJka dvau nirodhau ca;

m. sg. acc. m. du. acc. m. du. acc.
ka dvau nirodhau ca
ind.
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.
ka: [m.] a free or open space , vacuity; the ether , sky or atmosphere; [n.] (in philos.) the subtle and ethereal fluid (supposed to fill and pervade the universe and to be the peculiar vehicle of life and of sound); (as identical with ether); = -; [ind.] in the air
DG
.
: as to, particle to single out leading subject, show emphasis, distinguish, fill out meter in poetry, figure
. () (). ENG Space and the two types of extinctions
EJkatamau dvau? pratisakhynirodha, apratisakhynirodha cti.

m. du. nom. m. du. nom. f. sg. m. sg. nom. f. sg. m. sg. nom.
katamau dvau? pratisakhy nirodha apratisakhy nirodha ca iti

ind. ind.
? .
pratisakhy: to count or reckon up , number: [- :f.] consciousness
DG
? .
: investigate; examine; analyze; impute; imagine; designate
? , ? () () ENG The two extinctions are pratisakhynirodha extinction due to knowledge, and
apratisakhynirodha* extinction not due to knowledge.
EJetad kdi trividham asaskta mrgasatya cnsrav dharm.

m. sg. ind. ind. m. sg. acc. m. sg. acc. m. sg. n. sg. acc. m. pl. ind.
etad ka di trividham asaskta mrga satya ca ansrav dharm

m. pl. nom.
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.
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etad: [ind.] in this manner , thus , so , here , at this time , now (e.g. / / / , thou dost not die in this manner or by that
DG
.
3 . . ENG The three unconditioned things and the truth of the Path are pure dharmas
EJki kraam? na hi tev srav anuerata iti.

ind. n. sg. acc. ind. ind. n. pl. loc. m. pl. III pl. A. pres.
ki kraam? na hi teu srav anuerata iti.

ind.
? [] .
kraa: [mf( )n] (once / RV. i , 119 , 7) doing , making , effecting , causing; clever , skillful; [m.] a helper , companion; a man of a
MBh. i , 2446 ; 4521 ; the occupation of this class is writing , accounts &c ); writer , scribe; (in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech (or as separated from the context ; in this sense usually n.); (in mus.) a kind of time; [f.] a woman of the above mixed tribe; the side of a square ; a particular position of the fingers; [n.] the act of making , doing , producing , effecting; an act , deed; an action (esp. a religious one); the special business of any tribe or caste; a calculation (esp. an astronomical one); an astrological division of the day; [n.] pronunciation , articulation; the posture of an ascetic; a posture in sexual intercourse; instrument , means of action; an organ of sense or of speech; (in law) an instrument , document , bond; (in Gr.) the means or instrument by which an action is effected , the idea expressed by the instrumental case , instrumentality; cause (= ); a spell , charm; rhythm , time; body; [n.] the mind , heart; grain; (also) a sinew, tendon, muscle anuerata: / (with throughout the pr. stem : thus , / [in RV. also 3. sg.] , / &c , 3. pl. / [in AV. also / and Class. ] ; Pot. / RV. &c ; Impv. - and AV. ; impf. S3Br. &c , 3. pl. [in RV. also /] , p. / RV. &c ; Ved. and
mixed class (the son of an outcast Mn. x , 22 ; or the son of a woman by a Ya1jn5. i , 92 ; or the son of a woman by a
Up. &c ; - Ka1v. ) , to lie , lie down , recline , rest , repose RV. &c ; to remain unused (as ); to lie down to sleep , fall asleep , sleep;
/ RV. ; fut. Up. , 2. sg. / S3Br. ; , Br. ; , MBh. ; inf. / RV. ; MBh. ; ind.p.
ep. also cl.1. / , ; impf. / and RV. ; pf. , Br. ; p. Ved. / , Class. ; aor. Subj.
in MBh. ): Caus. , (aor. ) , to cause to lie down , lay down , put , throw , fix on or in (loc.) ; to cause to lie down , , - , &c ); [f.] sleep , repose; devotion , tranquility
(with ) to lie down to a husband (for sexual intercourse); ( - = " to be impotent "); Pass. Gr. (aor. ib. , pr.p. once
allow to rest or sleep; Desid. , to wish to rest or sleep Das3. : Intens. , , ; [mfn.] (ifc.) lying , resting( -
DG
.

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? ? '' . ENG because the defilements do not adhere to them.
2013
EJyad etat trividham asasktam uddiam tatrkam anvtti.

ind. n. sg. nom. m. sg. acc. m. sg. acc. pp. m. sg. acc. ind. m. sg. acc. f. sg. nom.
yad etat trividham asasktam uddiam tatra kam anvtti
, .
/ - ; g. * , not in Ka1s3. ) used for the loc. (sg. du. and pl.) of / ; in that place , there ; thither , to that place; in that , therein , in that case , on that occasion , under those circumstances , then , therefore vtti: [f.] turning towards , entering , turning back or from , reversion , retreat , flight; recurrence to the same point; repetition; repetition (as a figure of rhetoric); turn of a way , course , direction; occurrence; revolving , going round; worldly existence , the revolution of births; use , employment , application; , , , ; , , ; , , , , - [f.] covering , closing , hiding.
uddia: -
from [mfn.] mentioned , particularized, described, promised tatra: [ind.] (also RV. ) ( / - , correlative of
DG

. ?

ENG Space is "that which does not hinder." Space has for its nature not hindering matter which, in
fact, takes place freely in space;
EJanvaraasvabhvam kam, yatra rpasya gati. 5.

anvaraa svabhvam kam, yatra rpasya gati
m. m. sg. acc. n. sg. nom. ind. n. sg. gen. f. sg. nom.
, .
anvaraa: [mfn.] covering , hiding , concealing; [n.] the act of covering , concealing , hiding; shutting , enclosing; an obstruction , interruption; a covering , garment , cloth; anything that protects , an outer bar or fence; a wall; a shield; a bolt , lock; [n.] (in phil.) mental blindness; (also) envelopment (in phil.) yatra: [ind.] (in also / ; fr. 3. , correlative of / , and often used for the loc. of the relative pron.) in or to which place , where , wherein , wherever , whither RV. &c ( , " wherever " , " whithersoever " ; or * , " anywhere
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loc. , or ifc.); acting accordingly , obeisance towards (loc.); path , way , course (e.g. - , " to go either way " , to recover or die ); a certain division of the moon's path and the position of the planet in it (the diurnal motion of a planet in its orbit?); issue; running wound or sore; place of issue , origin , reason; possibility , expedient , means; a means of success; way or art , method of acting , stratagem; refuge , resource; the position (of a child at birth); state , condition , situation , proportion , mode of existence; a happy issue; happiness; the course of the soul through numerous forms of life , metempsychosis , condition of a person undergoing this migration; manner; the being understood or meant; (in gram.) a term for prepositions and some other adverbial prefixes (such as &c ) when immediately connected with the tenses of a verb or with verbal derivatives; a kind of rhetorical figure; a particular high number Buddh.; " Motion "
to die ; - , the course of fate R. vi Megh. 93 ; , the progress or course of a poem R. i , 3 , 2); arriving at , obtaining (with gen.
which case , if , when , as RV. &c ( , " on every occasion " , , " whenever "); in order that; that (with Pot. after " to doubt , wonder &c ") gati: [f.] going , moving , gait , deportment , motion in general; manner or power of going; going away; procession , march , passage , procedure , progress , movement (e.g. - , the going or flying of missile weapons R. v ; - , " to go the last way " ,
" ; , " anywhere whatever " ; * , " to any place " , " hither and thither " ; , " or elsewhere "); on which occasion , in
everywhere " or = , " in whatever " ; / / or , " wherever " , " in any place whatever " , " whithersoever
whatever " or = , " in whatever " ; , " on any day whatever " ; , with or without or , "
DG
, .
: place, room, space, position, rank, condition of life, way, to hear, to understand, nineties particle, take it to be : 1) what, which; 2) be filled, full; 3) complete [measure]; 4) as..as possible. 1) which, that [which], what[ever], whoever, the 1 [who], that which indicates # or measure, someone, what, one; 2) complete; 3) covered; 4) [be] filled up, [be] full; 5) [-- + adj. comp] as -- as possible.; 6) on, upon; 7) who? which? however? what? how?
, . ( : ) ,
() [] .
ENG and also of not being hindered by matter, for space is not displaced by matter.
[01701-01710] EJpratisakhynirodho yo visayoga,

f. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom.
pratisakhy nirodha ya visayoga
DG
.

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(, visayoga) , ENG Pratisakhynirodha is disjunction.
2013
EJya ssravair dharmair visayoga sa pratisakhynirodha.

ya ssravair dharmair visayoga sa pratisakhy nirodha
m. sg. nom. m. pl. ins. m. pl. ins. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. f. sg. nom. m. sg. nom.
[] .
DG
.
. . ENG (Conscious) disjunction (visamyoga, ii.57d) from the impure dharmas is pratisakhynirodha
(ii.55) [or Nirvana].
EJdukhdnm ryasatyn pratisakhyna pratisakhy prajvieas

dukha-dnm ryasatyn pratisakhyna pratisakhy praj viea
n. pl. nom. n. pl. nom. f. pl gen. f. sg. nom. f. m. sg. nom.
tena prpyo nirodha pratisakhynirodha,

tena prpya nirodha pratisakhy nirodha
ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. f. m. sg. nom.
.
prati: [ind.] (as a prefix to roots and their derivative nouns and other nouns , sometimes ; for 2. p.664) towards , near to, against , in
opposition to, back , again , in return, down upon , upon , on, before nouns it expresses also likeness or comparison, or it forms s of direction of the sound R. ; , against the fire Mn. ; also - ind. Pa1n2. 6-2 , 33 Sch. ; , against the enemy Mn. ;
different kinds, or as a prep. with usually preceding acc. , in the sense of towards , against , to , upon , in the direction of (e.g. , in the
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at or on the Ganges R. ; , at this point TS. ; , on the field of battle MBh. ); at the time of , about , through , for (e.g.
abl. or - ; cf. Pa1n2. 1-4 , 92 ; ii , 3 , 11); in the vicinity of , near , beside , at , on (e.g. , near the sacrificial post AitBr. ; ,
par with , in proportion to (e.g. , in comparison with little RV. ; , on a par with i.e. equivalent to thousands ib. ; also with
, to one's self Ratna7v. ), opposite , before , in the presence of (e.g. , before heaven and earth RV. ), in comparison , on a
express at every , in or on every , severally (e.g. , at every sacrifice Ya1jn5. ; TS. ; , every year , annually account of , with regard to , concerning ( Pa1n2. ib. e.g. , concerning a boundary Mn. ; , with regard to Ganges R. );
, about the month Mn. ; , for a long time MBh. ; , often , repeatedly Car. ); or used distributively: to Pan5cat. ; in this sense often comp. ; cf. above ); in favour of , for ( Pa1n2. 1-4 , 90 ; e.g. , in favour of the s. MBh. ); on conformably or according to (e.g. , according to me , i.e. in my opinion Ma1lav. ; cf. , " it seems to me
prep. with gen. = with reference to; in comp. with nouns not immediately connected with roots. pratisakhyna: , , , ; , , ,, , , , viea: [m.] distinction , difference between (two gen. , two loc. , species of tree , in comp. often also = special , peculiar , particular , different , e.g. - , " a particular metre " , - , " a peculiar ornament " ; - , " different prices "); (pl.) various objects; distinction , peculiar merit , excellence , superiority (in comp. often = or gen. and instr.); characteristic difference , peculiar mark , special property , speciality , peculiarity; a kind , species , individual (e.g. ,a -
like a forest " Hit. ; , " to a hungry man nothing is of any account " Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 2-3 , 2); as , for (after a verb meaning , " to regard or consider " ; cf. Vikr. iv , 69); or as prep. with abl. in return or as compensation for , instead or in the place of ( Pa1n2. 1-4 , 92 Sch.); with abl. or ; with abl. or gen. (?) to express , " about " , " at the time of " (only , " at daybreak " RV. ); as
excellent , superior , choice , distinguished e.g. - , " an excellent form " ; cf. -); (in gram.) a word which defines or limits the s the 5th cate gory or * , belonging to the 9 eternal substances or s , viz. soul , time , place , ether , and the 5 atoms of earth , water , light , air , and mind , which are said to be so essentially different that one can never be the other); (in medicine) a favourable turn or crisis of a sickness; (in rhet.) statement of difference or distinction , individualization , variation; a sectarian mark , any mark on the forehead; (in geom.) the hypotenuse; the earth as an element; the mundane egg; [ind. or ibc.] ( exceedingly , especially , particularly , even more Mn. MBh. &c ; the meaning of another word (cf. - and -); (in phil.) particularity , individuality , essential difference or individual essence (with
consequence of. VarBr2S. ); [mf( )n.] extraordinary , abundant tena: [m.] a note or cadence introductory to a song.; [ind.] (instr. of 2. / ) in for that reason , therefore; [ ] therefore , now then prpya: * [mfn.] to be reached, attainable, acquirable , procurable; fit , proper , suitable: , , , ; , , , that direction , there (correl. to , " in which direction , where "); in that manner , thus (correl. to , " in what manner "); on that account ,
, in any way whatever MBh. ); ( exceedingly , especially , particularly , even more Mn. MBh. &c ; ifc. , by reason or in
DG
. .
: instance; particularity; detail; special; particular; region
, .
.
'' () , () . [
] 4 , '' .
ENG Pratisakhyna or pratisakhy signifies a certain pure praj, the comprehension of the
Truths. The "extinction" of which one takes possession by this praj is called pratisakhynirodha', we
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could say pratisakhy- [praj-nirodha, "the extinction obtained through pratisakhy, "but the middle word (i.e., praj) is elided,]
EJmadhyapadalopa ktv, gorathavat.

n. n. m. sg. acc. III sg. ger. m.
madhya pada lopa ktv goratha-vat
.
madhya: [mf( )n.] middle (used like medius e.g. / / , " in the midst of the sea ");middlemost , intermediate , central; standing
between two , impartial , neutral; middle i.e. being of a middle kind or size or quality , middling , moderate (with f. " a middle course "); (in astron.) mean i.e. theoretical (opp. to , or ); lowest , worst; [mn.] (ifc. f( ).) the middle of the body , (esp.) a woman's waist; [m.] (in
a constellation or according to some " the space between the eyebrows " ; sg. N. of a locality ; - , - or , to make a step , move on ; - , with loc. to set foot in or on , to enter ; with , to set the foot upon the head of [gen.] i.e. overcome ;
step , everywhere , on every occasion ; , the three steps or footprints of [i.e. the earth , the air , and the sky ; also N. of
s.v.); [n.] the middle of the sky; space between (e.g. , the eye brows); midday (with ); the meridian; intermediate condition between (gen.); the belly , abdomen; the flank of a horse; [n.] ten thousand billions; cessation , pause , interval; N. of a country between Sindh and Hindustan prope pada: [n.] (rarely m.) a step , pace , stride; a footstep , trace , vestige , mark , the foot itself; ( , on foot ; , at every
in or through the midst of , on the inside , through , between , with gen. acc. or ifc.; ind. from the midst of. out of. from among; ind.
tone; [n.] (m. g. * ) the middle , midst , centre , inside , interior; ( ind. into the midst of , into , among , with gen. or ifc. ; ind.
alg.) the middle term or the mean of progression; [ : f.] a young woman , a girl arrived at puberty; [m.] the middle finger; (in music) a partic.
length (= 12 or 15 fingers' breadth , or 12 or 13 or 37 of a ) ; a ray of light; a portion of a verse , quarter or line of a stanza; a word or an
(gen. or comp.); a pretext; a part , portion , division (cf. - , -); a square on a chess-board; a plot of ground Inscr.; the foot as a measure of
or extend one's position ; , having caused to wander from place to place); a business affair , matter , object or cause of
enter or engage in); a sign , token , characteristic; a footing , standpoint; position , rank , station , site , abode , home; ( - , to spread
= to make impression upon ; with , to set the foot on a person's [gen. or ibc.] track , to emulate or equal ; - with loc. , to
with or , to take possession of any one's heart or mind ; with loc. or , to have dealings with - with loc. , to set foot in
inflected word or the stem of a noun in the middle cases and before some s; = -; a square root; a quadrant; protection lopa: [m.] breaking , hurting , injury , destruction , interruption; neglect , violation , transgression (of a vow or duty); robbing , plundering; want , deficiency , absence , disappearan ce; (in gram.) dropping , elision; [f.] a partic. bird; a kind of bird goratha:[m.] " cow-cart " , N. of a mountain;
DG
, , .
: ratha; chariot

, .
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() ,
.
ENG as in the expression "oxcart," and not "cart hitched to oxen" (goratha = go-[yukta]-ratha).
EJki punar eka eva sarve ssrav dharm pratisakhynirodha nty ha. ki tarhi?
ind. ind. ind. m. pl. gen. m. pl. gen. m. pl. gen. f. m. sg. nom. ind. III sg. ind. perf. ind. ind.
ki punar eka eva sarve ssrav dharm pratisakhy nirodha na iti ha ki tarhi
8? . ?
eka: [mfn.] ( Un2. iii , 43, probably fr. a base ) , one ( , or - , with preceding or following , no one , nobody ; the words
many ( - , - , the one - the other ; esp. pl. , some , - some - others , &c ); ( repeated twice , either as a eminent , excellent; sincere , truthful; little , small; (sometimes used as an indefinite article) , a , an; [n.] unity , a unit eva: [ind.] (in the also / ) ( Un2. i , 152 ; fr. pronom. base BRD. , probably connected with 2. /) , so , just so , exactly so (in the sense of the later
solitary , single , happening only once , that one only (frequently ifc. ; cf. * - , &c ); the same , one and the same , identical; one of two or
or are used before decade numerals to lessen them by one e.g. , twenty-nine); (with and without ) alone ,
compound [cf. *] or uncompounded , may have the sense " one and one " , " one by one "); single of its kind , unique , singular , chief , pre-
strengthening the idea expressed by any word , must be variously rendered by such adverbs as) just , exactly , very , same , only , even ,
) ; indeed , truly , really (often at the beginning of a verse in conjunction with other particles , as , ); (in its most frequent use of
affirmation , detraction , diminution , command , restrainment) ; [mfn.] ( ) , going , moving , speedy , quick; [m.] course , way (generally instr. pl.); [m.] the earth , world; [m.] a horse; [m. pl.] way or manner of acting or proceeding , conduct , habit , usage , custom sarve: everyone; for each and every one; of all tarhi: [ind.] (fr. / -/ ; ) at that time , then , at that moment , in that case (correlative of / , / , / , / , , ; often connected with an Impv. or interrogative pron.
expletive without any exact meaning and not translatable e.g. , * , , &c ; according to native authorities implies emphasis ,
the very moment of saying so ; , he while still living , &c ); (sometimes , esp. in connection with other adverbs , is a mere
very persons ; , in no long time at all ; * , by sole repetition ; * , even without having eaten ; , at
only ; in the same manner as above ; * , with the same as above ; * , by merely touching water ; , these
i.e. thou art the best charioteer MBh. iii , 2825 ; , just so long as a night ; or * , exactly so , in this manner
alone , merely , immediately on , still , already , (e.g. * , thou alone art a charioteer , no other is on earth ,
DG
? , .
:
It is said; propound; speak; utter; say; advocate
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.
?
? .? ENG Is there but one single pratisakhynirodha from all of the impure dharmas? No. Why is this?
EJpthak pthak. yvanti hi sayogadravyi tvanti visayogadravyi.

m. ind. ind. ind. ind. n. nom. ind. m. n. pl. nom.
pthak pthak. yvanti hi sayoga dravyi tvanti visayoga dravyi.
, .
pthak: [ind.] ( or + ) widely apart , separately , differently , singly , severally , one by one (often repeated); (as a prep. with gen. or instr.) apart or separately or differently from; (with abl.) without; except , save yvanti: as many; whatever; for as many dravya: [n.] a substance , thing , object; the ingredients or materials of anything; medicinal substance or drug; (phil.) elementary substance (9 in the ); (Gr.) ointment; spirituous liquor; a stake , a wager; [mfn.] (fr. 4. ) derived from or relating to a tree; tree-like or corresponding to a tree; [n.] lac ,
single object or person , individual (cf. -); fit object or person (cf. -.); object of possession , wealth , goods , money; gold; bell-metal , brass; gum , resin; , , , , , , , ,, , , , , . , , , , , , , , , tvanti: so many; of the same number
DG
, . , .
: substantial entity; substantial : to have, possess, having, be accomplished, in junction with; endowed with, {*} endowed with; {dang mi ldan pa} lacking.
2) endowment, possession. equipped with : as much as there is; the multiplicity of things; things in (all) their multiplicity; : gain, profit, acquire, to pursue : much, that much, many
. . [] .
[] .
ENG Each [disjunction occurs] separately. The objects of "disjunction" are as numerous as the
objects of "junction."
EJanyath hi dukhadaranaheyakleanirodhasktkarat sarvakleanirodhasktkriy prasajyeta.

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anyath hi dukha darana heya klea nirodha skt karat

n. ind. ind. n. III sg. gerd. m. m. m. sg. abl. m. sg. abl.
2013
, sarva klea nirodha skt kriy prasajyeta.

m. m. m. m. sg. abl. n. III sg. A. pass.
[ ,] , .
anyath: [ind.] otherwise, in a different manner (with , , or = in a manner different from this ; , in one way , in another way); inaccurately, untruly, falsely, erroneously, from another motive; in the contrary case, otherwise heya: [mfn.] [gerd. of h] to be gone; [mfn.] to be left or quitted or abandoned or rejected or avoided (-); to be subtracted; [ ] 2 (not always separable fr. 3. ) / (p. / [q.v.] ; pf. / AV. ; aor. RV. &c ; fut. Gr. ; ; inf. - ib. ; ind.p. Gr. ; -/ RV. ) , to start or spring forward , bound away , give way to (dat.); to spring or leap upon (?); to go or depart or betake one's self to have recourse to (acc.); to fall or come into any state ska: [mfn.] (fr. 7. + ) furnished with a yoke (of oxen); (fr. 7. + ) having the seeds (of which
rosaries are made) , having rosary; (fr. 7. + ) , having eyes ak a: [m.] an axle , axis (in this sense also n. L. ); a wheel , car , cart a snake; (once / ) doing , making , effecting , causing; clever , skillful; [m.] a helper , companion; [m.] a man of a mixed class; [m.] writer , scribe; (in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech (or as separated from the context ; in this sense usually n.); (in mus.) a kind of time; [ ; f.] a woman of the above mixed tribe; an adopted daughter; (in arithm.) a surd or irrational number , surd root; the side of a square; a particular measure; a particular position of the fingers; [n.] the act of making , doing , producing , effecting; an act , deed; an action (esp. a religious one); the special business of any tribe or caste; a calculation (esp. an astronomical one); an astrological division of the day; pronunciation , articulation; (in Gr.) a sound or word as an independent part of speech , separated from its context; the posture of an ascetic; a posture in sexual intercourse; instrument , means of action; an organ of sense or of speech; (in law) an instrument , document , bond; (in Gr.) the means or instrument by which an action is effected , the idea expressed by the instrumental case , instrumentality; cause (= ); a spell , charm a cube; a seed of which rosaries are maden. an organ of sense; sensual perception; the soul; knowledge , religious knowledge karaa: [mf( )n]
one(loc.) in a quarrel or dispute; (only ind.p. -) to be attached to the world; to result , follow , be the consequence of anything; to cause to
(cf. -); rhythm , time; body; a field; the mind , heart; grain; (also) a sinew, tendon, muscle kriy : (adj.) (a) making no difference, indefinite; of no result, as def. of avykat dhamm (b) indecisive, in akiriya vykaroti to give an indecisive answer, to reply evasively prasaj: [- ] - , , (P.) to hang on , attach to (loc.); to hang with i.e. to provide or supply with (instr.); to cling to (loc.); to engage with any take place; (A1.) to attach one's self to (acc.) MBh. : Pass. , or - (), to attach one's self , cling to , be devoted to or intent upon - , to cause to take place; -, to attach to, stick in (loc. ; with , " to fly through " , said of an arrow)
or occupied with (loc.); to be in love (pr.p. -); (-), to be the consequence of something else , result , follow , be applicable; Caus. P.
DG
, .
: abandon; give up; eliminate; dispel : be stained; infected, had stick to; liniment, medicine to be rubbed on, anointed, besmeared : consequence; contradictory consequence; dust, powder, ashes, pass, step beyond, miss the mark, elapse, change from, pass through, arrives at, past, done, finished, dirt, consequence, to penetrate, all-surpassing
,
. 54 | P a g e
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()
() .
ENGIf it were otherwise, if pratisakhynirodha were single, then a person who has experienced
the extinction of the defilement which is abandoned by seeing the Truth of Suffering, would have obtained at the same time the extinction of the defilements which are abandoned by the Seeing of the other Truths, and by Meditation.
EJsati caiva eapratipakabhvanvaiyarthya syt.

III sg pr. p. loc. ind. ind. m. m. f. n. nom.
sati ca evam ea pratipaka bhvan vaiyarthya syt.

m. sg. abl.

sati: present participle. locative of as vaiyarthya: n. (fr. - ) uselessness
DG
.
: remainder, the excess, remaining portion, leftovers, extra, surplus
, . [ ]

ENGIt would be useless for him to cultivate the part of the Path which is opposed to
these defilements.
EJyat tarhy uktamasabhgo nirodha iti, asya ko rtha?

yat tarhi uktam a-sabhgo nirodha iti asya ko artha?
n. sg. nom. ind. n. sg. nom. adj. m. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. m. sg. gen. ind. nom.
?
tarhi: [ind.] (fr. / -/ ; ) at that time , then , at that moment , in that case; or interrogative pron. sabhga: [mfn.] (for -
under ) having a share ( comp.); common , universal Buddh.; corresponding , answering; [ : mfn.] (for - above ) going into an assembly or council; ; ; ; ; ;
DG
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?
:
2013
[what-like]; how; what
? [] () ? ENG This does not mean that all extinction is alike, that there is not an extinction corresponding to
another extinction.
?
EJ nsya ka cit sabhgahetur asti nsau kasya cit ity ayam asya vkyasyrtha,
na asya ka cit sa-bhga hetu asti
ind. m. sg. gen. m. sg. III sg. nom. pres. m. m. sg. III sg. nom. pres.
(sabhgahetu) , na asau kasya cit iti ayam asya vkyasya artha

ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. III sg. n. sg. gen. pres. ind. nom. n. sg. gen. n. sg. gen. m. sg. nom.
.
cit: [mfn.] ifc. " piling up " - , - , and / ; forming a layer or stratum , piled up (cf. - , - , , - , *- , -
, ix , 101 , 11 VS. x , 1) cl.3. irreg. ( RV. ; Subj. RV. ; Impv. 2. sg. RV. ; p. / RV. ; perf. / Pass. Bhat2t2. ii , 29 ; aor. Vop. viii , 35 ; A1. Pass. / and / RV. ; for 2. ; fut. 1st / , i , 22 , 5) to perceive , fix the mind upon , attend to , be attentive , observe , take notice of (acc. or gen.); to aim at , intend , design (with dat.) ; to be anxious about , care for (acc. or gen.) ; to resolve; to understand , comprehend , know (perf. often in the sense of pr.); to become perceptible , appear , be regarded as , be known : Caus. / , (2. pl. / Subj. Impv. 2. du. impf. / RV. ; 3. pl. / RV. &c ; Vop. viii , 37 ; 3. du. AV. iii , 22 , 2 ; A1. and Pass. / RV. &c ; 3. pl. RV. ; for p. / s.v. ; A1.
/ (impf. RV. vii , 95 , 2 ; p. / RV. ) cl.2. (A1. Pass. 3. sg. / , x , 143 , 4 ; p. f. instr. , i , 129 , 7 ; A1.
, - , - , - , and -/ .) ; " knowing " -/ ; " giving heed to " or " revenging [guilt , -] " -.
shine; " thinking " - , , , , and / ; [f.] thought , intellect , spirit , soul; pure Thought hetu: [m.] " impulse " , -
RV. ; p. / RV. (eleven times) ; / , x , 110 , 8 , &c ; A1. s.v.) to cause to attend , make attentive , remind of.; to cause to comprehend , instruct , teach; to observe , perceive , be intent upon; to form an idea in the mind , be conscious of , understand , comprehend , think , reflect upon; to have a right notion of. know; " to recover consciousness " , awake; to remember , have consciousness of (acc.); to appear , be conspicuous , shine : Desid. / ; to care for , be anxious about; to treat medically , cure; to wish to appear; to appear , be conspicuous , motive , cause , cause of , reason for (loc. , rarely dat. or gen. ; , , , , " for a cause or reason " , " by reason of " , " on account of " [with gen. or comp. e.g. or - , " on account of me "] ; or , " wherefore? " " why? "; , " because " ; or , " for this reason " ; - , " in order to kill " ; , " a supernatural cause " ; ifc. also = "
logical reason or deduction or argument , the reason for an inference (esp. applied to the second member or of the five-membered
existence] " ; - , " attracted by [the smell of] flesh "; -- , " impelled by [the expectation of] the consequences of any act "); a
having as a cause or motive " , " caused or effected or actuated or attracted or impelled by " e.g. - , " caused by the acts [of a former
syllogism ); logic (in general ); (in gram.) the agent of the causal verb; (with Buddhists) primary cause (as opp. to q.v.); (with - s) that which causes the bondage of the soul i.e. the external world and the senses; a means ( ifc. " by means of "); mode ,
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( , in my words , in my name); a declaration (in law) , legal evidence; an express declaration or statement (opp. to , " a hint " or indication); betrothment( ); a sentence , period; a mode of expression; a periphrastic mode of expression; a rule , precept , aphorism; a disputation; (in logic) an argument , syllogism or member of a syllogism; the singing of birds; (in astron.) the solar process in computations
manner ( ifc. " according to "); price , cost; condition vkya: [n.] (ifc. f( ).) speech , saying , assertion , statement , command , words
DG
, .
. () ,
,
ENG This means that extinction does not have a "cause corresponding to its effect
(sabhgahetu)" and that it is not a "cause corresponding to its effect"
EJna tu nsya ka cit sabhgo stti.

ind. ind. ind. m. sg. m. sg. III sg. m. sg. gen. nom. pres. nom.
na tu na asya ka cit sabhgo asti iti

III sg. pres. ind.
DG
.
. ENGA different type of extinction, which consists of the absolute hindering of arising,
EJukta pratisakhynirodha.
ukta pratisakhy nirodha .
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DG
.
2013
. . ENG is called apratisakhynirodha.
EJutpdtyantavighno nyo nirodho pratisakhyay.

m. ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. adj. m. sg. nom. f. sg. ins.
utpda atyanta vighna anya nirodha apratisakhyay
. atyanta: [-
mfn.] beyond the proper end or limit; excessive , very great , very strong; endless , unbroken , perpetual; absolute , perfect;
[ind.] excessively , exceedingly , in perpetuity , absolutely , completely; to the end; [ind. dat.] for ever , perpetually; quite vighna: [ - m.] a breaker , destroyer; (ep. also n.) an obstacle , impediment , hindrance , opposition , prevention , interruption , any difficulty or trouble
DG
.
:
1) hindrance, obstacle, misfortune, 2) obstructers, obstructing forces, obstructing spirits, demon, devil, trouble makers; *; hindering demon; obstructing spirits. obstructer; noxious spirit
. . ENGApratisakhynirodha is an extinction which is different from "disjunction;"
EJangatn dharmm utpdasytyanta vighnabhto visayogd yo nyo nirodha so pratisakhynirodha.

angatn dharmm utpdasya atyanta vighna bhta visayogt
m. pl. gen. m. pl. gen. m. sg. gen. m. ind. m. sg. nom. m. sg. abl.
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, ya anya nirodha sa apratisakhy nirodha
m. sg. m. sg. nom. nom. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. f. m. sg. nom.
2013
.
bhta: [mf( )n.] become , been , gone , past (n. the past); actually happened , true , real (n. an actual occurrence , fact , matter of fact , reality); - ); purified; obtained; fit , proper; often w.r. for ; [m.] a son , child; a great devotee or ascetic; [m. (pl.)] N. of an heretical sect (with numerous s; of a ; [n.] (cf. above ) that which is or exists , any living being (divine , human , animal , and even vegetable) , the world (in these senses also m.); [n.] a spirit (good or evil) , the ghost of a deceased person , a demon , imp , goblin (also m.); an element , one of the 5 elements (esp. a gross element = - q.v. ; but also a subtle element = q.v. ; with Buddhists there are only 4 element); [n.] wellexisting , present; (ifc.) being or being like anything , consisting of , mixed or joined with (also to form adj. out of adv. , e.g. , - ,
s , a class of the s); [m.] N. of ; of a priest of the gods; of a son of - and ; of a son-in-law of and father of
being , welfare , prosperity; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
DG
.
: to be rid of, rid of. pf. of {'bral ba}; free from, separate, to be free from, without, devoid of, freedom; independent of, free from, privation, separate from, break away from, bias towards, take apart, transcendence, not exist, to transcend, to overcome, to be lacking
,
.
,
.
ENG it consists of the absolute hindering of the arising of future dharmas. It is so called because it
is obtained, not by the comprehension of the Truths,
EJna hy asau pratisakhyay labhyate, ki tarhi? pratyayavaikalyt.

na hi asau pratisakhyay labhyate, ki tarhi? pratyaya vaikalyt
n. sg. ind. ind. nom. f. sg. ins. III sg. A pass. m. ind. ind. n. sg. abl.
. ? [ ].
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pratyaya: [m.] belief firm conviction , trust , faith , assurance or certainty of (gen. loc. or comp.); proof , ascertainment (- , to there of that? ib.); conception , assumption , notion , idea; (with Buddhists and s) fundamental notion or idea (- n.); consciousness ,
acquire confidence , repose confidence in MBh. ; , that is my conviction Katha1s. ; , what assurance is
(in med.) = , ; (with Buddhists) a co-operating cause; the concurrent occasion of an event as distinguished from its approximate cause; an ordeal; want , need; fame , notoriety; a subsequent sound or letter; an affix or suffix to roots (forming verbs , substantives , adjectives and all derivatives); an oath; usage , custom; religious meditation; a dependant or subject; a householder who keeps a sacred fire vaikalya: [n.] (fr. ) imperfection , weakness , defectiveness , defect , frailty (also - f. R. ; w.r. -); incompetency , insufficiency; despondency; confusion , flurry
understanding , intelligence , intellect (in = ); analysis , solution , explanation , definition; ground , basis , motive or cause of anything
DG
. , .
: pratyaya-condition; cause; minor cause; factor; reason
. ?
.
[] . ENG but by the insufficiency of the causes of arising
EJyathaikarpavysaktacakurmanaso yni rpntari abdagandharasaspraavyni ctyayante tadlambanai pacabhir vijnakyair na akyam utpattum,
n. ind. adj. pp. m. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. n. pl. nom. n. n. pl. nom. m. m. m. n. pl. nom.
yatha eka rpa vysakta caku manasa yni rpa antari abda gandha rasa spraavyni
(yatha) , . ca atyayante
ind. III pl. A pres.
tad lambanai pacabhi vijna kyai na akyam utpattum,

m. nom. n. pl. ins. n. pl. ins. n. m. pl. ins. ind. m. sg. nom. III sg. inf.
.
vysakta: [ mfn.] attached , fastened or adhering or clinging to , fixed on (loc. or comp.); devoted to , dependent on , connected with ,
[mf( )n.] being in the interior , interior; near , proximate , related , intimate; lying adjacent to; distant; different from; exterior; [n.] the interior; a hole , opening; the interior part of a thing , the contents; soul , heart , supreme soul; interval , intermediate space or time; period; term; opportunity , occasion; place; distance , absence; difference , remainder; property , peculiarity; weakness , weak side; representation; surety , guaranty; respect , regard; (ifc.) , different , other , another e.g. * , another country; [ind.] in the interior , within ([cf. Goth. anthar , Theme anthara ; Lith. antra-s , " the second " ; Lat. alter]).; [ --- ] [ind.] in the interior , within abda : [m.] (n. ifc. f( ). perhaps
engaged in , occupied with (loc. or comp.); clasped , embraced; detached , disjoined (in this sense is privative); bewildered , confused antara:
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direct , literal (as the meaning of a word or sentence , opp. to and ); atyaya: [ - m.] (fr. with *) , passing , lapse , passage; passing away , perishing , death; danger , risk , evil , suffering; transgression , guilt , vice; getting at , attacking; overcoming , mastering (mentally); a class; (also) confession of sins lambana: [n.] depending on or resting upon; hanging from; supporting , sustaining; foundation , base; reason , cause; (in rhetoric) the natural and necessary connection of a sensation with the cause which excites it; [n.] the mental exercise practised by the in endeavouring to realize the gross form of the Eternal; silent repetition of a prayer; (with Buddhists) the five ) ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;
, " hunger can be appeased even by dog's flesh &c "); to be conquered or subdued , liable to be compelled to (inf.); explicit ,
acquired by me " ; the form may also be used with a nom. case which is in a different gender or number e.g. -*
(with inf. in pass. sense e.g. , " she cannot be conducted by force " ; , " that is able to be
touched or handled; tangible , palpable , sensible; [n.] touch , feeling akya: [mf( )n.] able , possible , practicable , capable of being
speech , language; the right word , correct expression (opp. to -); the sacred syllable Om; (in gram.) a declinable word or a wordtermination , affix; a name , appellation , title; a technical term; verbal communication or testimony , oral tradition , verbal authority or evidence (as one of the s q.v. ) gandharasa: [] (cf. -) in comp. , odour and flavor; perfumes and spices spraavya: [mfn.] to be
supposed to be sevenfold or eight. fold or tenfold ; in the it is taught to be eternal); a word ( , by word , explicitly , expressly);
connected with 3. cf. also 2. ) sound , noise , voice , tone , note ( , to utter a sound , raise the voice , cry aloud ; sound is
attributes of things (apprehended by or connected with the five senses , viz. form , sound , smell , taste , and touch ; also or law belonging to
DG
, , .

: distraction, to be lost; pf. of {yeng ba} : touch, pressure, the tactile, touchable, tangible object, object of touch, what is felt or may be felt, palpable, tangible, sense of feeling, feeling of, tactile sensation; tangible object; object of touch

, ,,,, . 5 . () () () 5 () .
ENG For example, when the organ of sight and the mental organ are occupied with a certain visible
matter, other visible things, sounds, odors, tastes and tangibles pass from the present into the past. It follows that the five sense consciousness, the visual consciousness, etc., which have had for their object other visible matter, sounds, odors, tastes and tangibles, cannot arise, for the sense consciousnesses are not capable of grasping their object when the object is past.
EJna hi te samarth atta viayam lambayitum iti.

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na hi te samarth atta viayam lambayitum iti.

m. pl. ind. ind. nom. f. pp. m. sg. acc. III pl. cau. inf.
2013
ind.
(hi), [ ] .
samartha: [mf( )n.] having a similar or suitable aim or object , having proper aim or force , very forcible or adequate , well answering or corresponding to , suitable or fit for (gen. or comp.); very strong or powerful , competent , capable of , able to , a match for (gen. dat. loc. inf. , or comp. ; rarely acc. abl. , or pr. p. ; with * = " sexually potent "); having the same sense or meaning (= * , *); connected
coherence of words in a significant sentence; ability , competence ( -); conception , intelligibility atta: [ * ] [mfn.] gone by , past , passed away , dead; one who has gone through or got over or beyond , one who has passed by or neglected; negligent; passed , left behind; excessive; the past. at: to pass by , elapse , pass over , overflow ; to pass on ; to get over ;(Ved. Inf. /- ) , to pass through; to defer ;
in sense , having the same grammatical construction (= *); a word which has force or meaning , significant word; the construction or
either fr 1. , " to act " , or fr. + , " to extend " ) sphere (of influence or activity) , dominion , kingdom , territory , region , district , country , abode (pl. = lands , possessions); scope , compass , horizon , range , reach (of eyes , ears , mind &c ); period or duration (of life); special sphere or department , peculiar province or field of action , peculiar element , concern; (ifc. = " concerned with , belonging to , intently engaged on " ; , with gen. or ifc. = " in the sphere of , with regard or reference to " ; , " with regard to this object "); space or room (sometimes = fitness) for (gen.); an object of sense (these are five in number , the five , or organs of sense having each their proper or object , viz. 1. , " sound " , for the ear cf. - ; 2. , " tangibility " , for the skin ; 3. , " form " or " colour " , for the eye ;
to enter ; to overcome , overtake , outdo ; to pass by , neglect ; to overstep , violate ; to be redundant ; to die: viaya: [m.] (ifc. f( ). ; prob.
(in rhet.) the subject of a comparison (e.g. in the comp. " lotus-eye " the second member is the , and the first the ) ; a refuge ,
- or * , and or ); un-organic matter; (in gram.) limited or restricted sphere (e.g. , " only in the ");
five elements , ether , air , fire , water , earth , respectively ; cf. --); a symbolical N. of the number " five "; anything perceptible by the senses , any object of affection or concern or attention , any special worldly object or aim or matter or business , (pl.) sensual enjoyments , sensuality; any subject or topic , subject-matter; an object (as opp. to " a subject "); a fit or suitable object (" for " dat. gen. , or comp.); (in phil.) the subject of an argument , category , general head (one of the 5 members of an [q.v.] , the other 4 being or , ,
4. , " savour " , for the tongue ; 5. , " odour " for the nose: and these five s are sometimes called the s or " properties " of the
asylum; a religious obligation or observance; a lover , husband; semen virile; ; , ; , ; ( :,, ,,);,,,,,; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , ,
DG
.
: 1) object, support, focus, aim, purpose, objective, mental support, the thing observed, mental object, object of perception, conception, meditation, visualization, [imagination], attention, [thought, idea, notion], concept, conception, contemplation. 2) to focus [on], aim [at, for], imagine, visualize, hold, grasp mentally, conceive, direct one's attention towards, hold, have a thought of, notion about, see, observe, project, contemplate, fixate on, directed for, meant for, belonging to; imagine : (black) magic; 1) power, force, might. 2) sorcery, black magic. 3) magician. {dran pa'i mthus} by the power of remembering [his face]. strength, ability, power or authority; on account of; black magic
? 5 . 5 , ENG There is thus an absolute hindering of the arising of the said consciousnesses, by reason of the
insufficiency of the cause of arising
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EJata sa tem apratisakhynirodha pratyayavaikalyt prpyate. catukoika ctra bhavati

m. sg. m. pl. ind. nom. gen. f. m. sg. nom. m. n. sg. abl. III sg. A. pass. m. sg. nom. ind. ind.
ata sa tem apratisakhy nirodha pratyaya vaikalyt prpyate catuko-ika ca atra bhavati
III sg. pres.
, (atra: in this respect) [ ] .

ata: so, therefore, hence prp: [ * :] ( - ) P. A1. * (irreg. Pot. * ) , to attain to; reach , arrive at , meet with , find;
to lead or bring to (dat.); to impart , communicate , announce , relate; to meet with , obtain R. : Desid. * , to try to attain , strive to reach of 4; = - ; a quadrangular courtyard (used for receiving guests); a crossway; a necklace of 4 strings; a (large) four-sided pond; a bed-or
to obtain , receive (also as a husband or wife); to incur (a fine); to suffer (capital punishment); (with ) to flee in all directions; to extend , stretch , reach to; to be present or at hand; (in gram.) to pass or be changed into (acc.) Siddh. : to result (from a rule) , be in force , obtain (also Pass.); Caus. * , (ind.p. * , or * Pa1n2. 6-4 , 57 Sch.) , to cause to reach or attain (2 acc.) , advance , promote , further;
catu ka: [mfn.] consisting of 4; (with , 100) + 4(i.e.4 percent.); [m.] any sign (as the ) having 4 marks; [n.] a set of 4 , collection musquito-curtain; koika: [m.] (scil. ) a kind of frog; an insect (coccinella of various kinds); [f.] " lowest end of anything " , the vilest of (in comp.); the plant koi : [f.] the curved end of a bow or of claws , &c , end or top of anything , edge or point (of a sword) , horns or cusps (of the moon); the highest point , eminence , excellence; " a point or side in an argument or disputation " , (if there are two) " alternative "; - below; the highest number in the older system of numbers (viz. a Krore or ten millions); the complement of an arc to 90 degrees; the perpendicular side of a right-angled triangle k: [f.] commentary; annotation; comment; remark; note atra: [ind.] (or Ved. /-) (fr.
( ) , (only for the etym. of ) , " not enjoying or affording protection "; [m.] (for , fr. ) , a devourer , demon; [n.] (for - ), food;
pronominal base ; often used in sense of loc. case ) , in this matter , in this respect; in this place , here at this time , there , then. [mfn.]
DG
. .
. .
.
.
4 () .
ENG Here we have a four-fold alternative
. . .
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2013
EJ1. santi te dharm ye pratisakhynirodha eva labhyate, tadyath attapratyutpannotpattidharm ssravm.

III pl. m. pl. pres. nom. m. pl. m. pl. gen. f. m. ind. III sg. A pass.
1. santi te dharm ye pratisakhy nirodha eva labhyate,
tad yath atta pratyutpanna utpatti dharm ssravm.

m. pron. ind. pp. f. m. pl. gen. m. pl. gen.
.
pratyutpanna: [ - - : mfn.] ( ) existing at the present moment , present , prompt , ready; reproduced , regenerated; (in arithm.) produced by multiplication , multiplied; [n.] multiplication or the product of a sum in multiplication; panna: [mfn.] fallen , fallen down , gone; [m.] downward motion , fall , creeping on the ground utpatti: [f.] arising , birth , production , origin; resurrection; production in general , profit , productiveness; producing as an effect or result , giving rise to , generating as a consequence; occurrence , the being mentioned or quoted (as a Vedic passage)
DG
8

, [] , , .
,
.
ENG 1. solely pratisakhynirodha of the impure dharmas, past, present, and destined to arise;
EJ2. santi yem apratisakhynirodha eva, tadyath anutpattidharmm ansravasasktnm.

2. santi yem apratisakhy nirodha eva,
III pl.
9
m. pl.
f.
m.
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pres. gen. ind.
2013
, tad yath anutpatti dharmm ansrava sasktnm.

f. pron. ind. m. pl. gen. m. m. pl. gen.
DG
. [] , .
, ,
.
ENG2. solely apratisakhynirodha of pure, conditioned dharmas, not destined to arise;
EJ3. santi yem ubhayam, tadyath ssravm anutpattidharmm

3. santi yem ubhayam, tad yath ssravm anutpatti dharmm
III pl. nom. m. pl. gen. m. sg. acc. pron. ind. m. pl. gen. f. m. pl. gen.
, .
ubhaya: [mf( )n.] (only sg. and pl. ; according to - also du. Siddh. vol. i , p.98) both , of both kinds , in both ways , in both manners
DG
. . .
. ,
. 65 | P a g e
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ENG3. pratisakhynirodha and apratisakhynirodha of impure dharmas, not destined to arise; and
EJ4. santi ye nbhayam, tadyath attapratyutpannotpattidharmm ansravm iti.

III pl. pres. m. pl. gen. ind. m. sg. acc. f. pron. ind. pp. m. pl. gen. m. pl. gen.
4. santi ye na ubhayam tad yath atta pratyutpanna utpatti dharmm ansravm iti.
ind.
DG
. [] . , .
,
.
,
.
ENG4. neither pratisakhynirodha nor apratisakhynirodha of pure dharmas, past, present or destined to arise.
EJukta trividham asasktam.

ukta trividham asasktam .
DG
.
: feature, trait [thd]. aspect, representation [ggd]. 1) type, kind, variety, form. 2) situation, condition, circumstances 3) face, image, look, appearance 4) you [pl], they (h). 5) aspect, [mental] image / imprint, appearance, cognitive image, aspect, attributes, expression, object, observable quality
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3 . . ENGWe have said that the impure dharmas are the conditioned dharmas,.
2013
EJyad uktamsaskt mrgavarjit ssrav iti

pron. pp. pl. adj. m. m. pl. nom. pp. m. pl. nom.
yad uktamsaskt mrga varjit ssrav iti

ind.

varjita: [mfn.] excluded , abandoned , avoided; (with instr. or ifc.) deprived of , wanting , without , with the exception
DG
? : if asked / if you ask how / what / why, why is this? which are they? what are they?. How is that?. What are they?
, ' ' , ENG minus the Path
EJkatame te saskt?
?
DG

? ?
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ENG What are the conditioned dharmas?
2013
EJte puna saskt dharm rpdiskandhapacakam.

.
te puna saskt dharm rpdi skandha pacakam.
DG

5 . 5 () ENG Conditioned things are the fivefold skandhas, matter, etc EJrpaskandha vedanskandha sajskandha saskraskandha vijnaskandha cti
rpa skandha, vedan skandha, saj skandha, saskra skandha, vijna skandha ca iti , , , .
DG
, ,
,,,, . ' 5 ' ()

() .
ENG These are the aggregate of matter, the aggregate of the sensations, the aggregate of ideas, the
aggregate of mental formations, and the aggregate of consciousness.
EJete saskt dharm.

ete saskt dharm
m. pl. nom. m. pl. m. pl. nom.
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.
2013
DG
.
5 , ENG Samkta, conditioned, EJsametya = sambhya pratyayai kt iti saskt.

sametya = sambhya pratyayai kt iti saskt
III sg. ger. ind. m. pl. ins. m. pl. nom. ind. m. pl. nom.
.
sameta: [mfn.] come together , assembled , joined , united; connected or united or furnished with , possessed of (instr. or comp.); encountered , come into collision with (instr.); come near or to , got into any state or condition sambhya: [ind.] being together , being united or combined with (in later language often used as an adv. = " together , in common , in company " , and sometimes forming first member of a comp. ;
, " engaging in business after joining partnership " , " association in trade " , " partnership ") k ta: [mfn.] done, made, accomplished , performed; prepared , made ready; obtained , gained , acquired , placed at hand; well done , proper , good; cultivated; appointed (as a duty); relating or referring to; [n.] (with or with instr.) " done with " , away with , enough of , no need of , &c (e.g. , away with doubt S3ak. ; , enough of joking ib.); the past tense; [n.] deed , work , action; service done , kind action , benefit (cf. - and -); magic , sorcery; consequence , result; aim; stake at a game; prize or booty gained in battle; [ind.] on account of , for the sake of , for (with gen. or ifc. e.g. or - , on my account , for me); [mfn.] injured , killed
DG
.
. . () . ENG is explained etymologically as "that which has been created (kta) by causes in union and
combination." There is no dharma which is engendered by a single cause
EJna hy ekapratyayajanita kicid astti tajjtyatvd angatev avirodha, dugdhavat.

m. m. sg. n. III sg. III sg. m. pl. m. sg. n.
na hi eka pratyaya janita kicid asti iti tadya atyatvt angateu a-virodha dugdha-vat
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ind. ind. adj. pp. nom. pres. ind. ind. cau. ger. abl. loc. nom.
2013
[] , , .
janita: [mfn.] born; engendered , begotten; produced , occasioned; occurring kicid: [n.] something; [ ] not a mite astti:
? Do you know how nice it is? tajja:[tad+ya, cp. Sk. tadya] this like, belonging to this, founded on this or to get over ; (Ved. Inf. /- ) , to pass through; to defer ; to enter ; to overcome , overtake , outdo ; to pass by , neglect ; to overstep , violate ; to be redundant ; to die: angata: [ - : mfn.] ( ) , not come , not arrived; future; not attained , not learnt; unknown; [n.]
that; on the ground of this (or these), appropriate, suitableat: ( ) - , - , to pass by , elapse , pass over , overflow ; to pass on ;
[-: f.] fixed rule , ordinance dugdha: [mfn.] ( 2. ) milked , milked out , extracted; sucked out , impoverished; milked together , accumulated , filled , full; [n.] milk; the milky juice of plants , sap
the future. virodha: [m.] opposition , hostility , quarrel , strife between (gen. , rarely instr. , or comp.) or with (instr. with or without , or comp.); hostile contact of inanimate objects (as of planets &c ); (logical) contradiction , contrariety , antithesis , inconsistency , incompatibility; (ifc.) conflict with , injury of (instr. = at the cost or to the detriment of); hindrance , prevention; blockade , siege; adversity , calamity , misfortune; perversity; (in rhet.) an apparent contradiction or incongruity (e.g. -); (in dram.) impediment to the successful progress of a plot;
DG
. [] , .
: whatsoever
? .
5 . .
() .
, [ ] ,
ENG Even though the expression samskrta signifies "that which has been created . . ," it also
applies to future dharmas and to present dharmas, as well as to past dharmas\ in fact, a dharma does not change its nature by changing its time period. In the same way, one calls milk in the udder dugdha, "that which has been drawn," and kindling indhana, or "wood to be burned."
EJta evdhv kathvastu sanisr savastuk.

m. sg. nom. ind. m. sg. nom. f. n. m. pl. nom. m. pl. nom.
ta eva adhv kath vastu sanisr savastuk
(eva) (adhv) .
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adhvan: [m.] a road , way , orbit; a journey , course; distance; time Buddh. and Jain. ;means , method , resource; the zodiac (?) , sky , air; a place; a recension of the s and the school upholding it; assault kath : [f.] conversation , speech , talking together; talk , mention; ( [with gen. or more commonly with loc. and sometimes with ] , what should one say of? how should one speak of? e.g. * , even one person would live with difficulty , what should one say of many? i.e. how much more many?; - , what mention of fitting the arrow? i.e. what necessity for fitting the arrow?; story , tale , fable; a feigned story , tale (as one , of the species of poetical composition); Story (personified); (in log.) discussion , disputation; [ind.] how? whence? why? ( / / , in any way whatsoever);
sometimes merely a particle of interrogation (e.g. / .. / , does hear? RV. iv , 23 , 3 ; / -/ , whether-or?
morning ; / / , towards morning ; dat. / under 2. ) ; [n.] the seat or place of; any really existing or abiding substance
vastu: [f.] becoming light , dawning , morning; (gen. / , in the morning ; / , every morning ; / / , this
or essence , thing , object , article; (in phil.) the real (opp. to - , " that which does not really exist , the unreal " ; -- , " the one real substance or essence which has no second "); the right thing , a valuable or worthy object , object of or for (comp.); goods , wealth , property (cf. - and -); the thing in question , matter , affair , circumstance; subject , subject-matter , contents , theme (of a speech &c ) , plot (of a drama or poem); (in music) a kind of composition; natural disposition , essential property; the pith or substance of anything sani: [mf.] gain , acquisition , gift , reward (dat. with , " to grant , fulfil " ; acc with , " to go after gifts , go begging "); [mfn.] gaining , procuring ,
sound , best , excellent; sound (as an argument , thoroughly proved); full of (instr.); motley , speckled vastuka: [mfn.] (ifc.) = 2 , substance , essence (in - , " of perfect substance or nature ").
chess or backgammon; [f.] a kind of plant ( = - grass; [mf( )n.] hard , firm solid strong; [mf( )n.] precious , valuable; good , ) ;
as a perfume; water; dung; the matter formed in a boil or ulcer , pus; impure carbonate of soda; a confederate prince , ally; (= 1. ) a piece at
( , " in consideration of. " , " according to "); wealth , property , goods , riches; (in rhet.) a kind of climax ( * ); resin used
world chiefly depends on justice " ; - mfn. " chiefly silent " ; , " the very best "); the real meaning , main point; a compendium , summary , epitome (often ifc. in titles of books); a chief-ingredient or constituent part of the body (causing the peculiarities of temperament ; reckoned to be 7 , viz. , , , , , , ); any ingredient; nectar; cream , curds; worth , value
bestowing; [ : f.] a quarter of the sky sr: [mn.(ifc. f( ). ; perhaps to be connected with 1. above ; prob. fr. a lost root meaning. " to be strong ")] the core or pith or solid interior of anything; firmness , strength power , energy; the substance or essence or marrow or cream or heart or essential part of anything , best part , quintessence (ifc. = " chiefly consisting of or depending on &c " [cf. ] e.g. - , " the
DG
. : advice, talk, discourse, anecdote, news, reputation, speech, renown, words, remarks, chat, conversation, communication, mere talk; fame, story, accounts, hearsay, rumour; talk; to describe
, , . '(, adhvan)' , ENG Conditioned things are the paths;
EJta eva saskt gatagacchadgamiyadbhvd adhvna,

m. sg. nom. ind. m. pl. nom. pp. pr. p. III sg. cond. m. sg. abl. m. pl. nom.
ta eva saskt gata gacchat gamiyat bhvt adhvna
, , .
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DG
. , , .

, , . [ : ], [ : ] , [ : ] ,
ENG they are the foundations of discourse; they are "possessed of leaving;" they are "possessed of
causes."
EJadyante nityatayti v.
III pl. A pass f. sg. ins.
padyante10 anityatay iti v

ind. ind.
, .
pad: A1. - (pf. - aor. * , &c ) to come , walk near , approach; to enter , get in , arrive at , go into; to fall in or into; to be
(aor. 1. pl. /*- AV. x , 5 , 42) to cause to enter , bring on; to bring to any state; to bring into trouble or misfortune; to bring near or towards , fetch , procure , produce , cause , effect; to procure for one's self , obtain , take possession; to change , transform; [f.] misfortune , calamity , distress; ( instr.) , through mistake or error , unintentionally v: [m.] air , wind; the arm; the ocean , water; addressing; reverence; conciliation; auspiciousness; a dwelling; a tiger; cloth; the esculent root of the water-lily; [f.] going; hurting; an arrow; weaving; a weaver (?). a sort of incantation or (of which the object is the deity ); [mfn.] strong , powerful; [ind.] or (excluded , like the Lat. ve , from the first place in a sentence , and generally immediately following , rarely and only m.c. preceding , the word to which it refers) RV. &c &c (often used in disjunctive sentences ; - , " either " -- " or " , " on the one side " -- " on the other " ; -- or -- , " neither " -- " nor " ; - , " either not " -- " or " ; - , " whether " -- " or " ; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated , although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated ; is sometimes interchangeable with and , and is frequently combined with other particles , esp. with , * , , , , q.v. [e.g. , " or else "] ; it is also sometimes
changed into , be reduced to any state; to get into trouble , fall into misfortune; to get , attain , take possession; to happen , occur; Caus. -
interr.) possibly , perhaps , I dare say; (e.g. * , " is his mother's name perhaps ? " S3ak. vii ,
very (= , laying stress on the preceding word); but even if , even supposing (followed by a future); however , nevertheless; (after a rel. or
used as an expletive); either-or not , optionally; (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional; as , like (= ); just , even , indeed ,
- , " everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt " Megh. 55) ; ( Dha1tup. xxiv , 42) / (pf. Br. MBh. &c ; towards or upon (acc.); to emit an odour , be diffused (as perfume); to smell (trans.); to hurt , injure Vop. : Caus. - and cf. aor. Br. ; fut. Megh. ; inf. Hariv. ) , to blow (as the wind); to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing; to blow
2021 ; or followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by " every one , all " e.g. - *
: Desid. 1.
DG
10
adyante
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.
:
to consume/ eat/ devour
() () ENGOr rather conditioned things are called paths (adhvari) because they are devoured (adyante) by
impermanence
[02201-02205] EJkath = vkyam, tasy vastu nma.

f. n. f. sg. gen. n. n.
kath = vkyam, tasy vastu nma
, .
vkya: [n.] (ifc. f( ).) speech , saying , assertion , statement , command , words ( , in my words , in my name); a declaration (in
law) , legal evidence; an express declaration or statement (opp. to , " a hint " or indication); betrothment; a sentence , period; a mode of expression; a periphrastic mode of expression; a rule , precept , aphorism;a disputation; (in logic) an argument , syllogism or member of a syllogism; the singing of birds; (in astron.) the solar process in computations
DG
.
: in order to, for the sake of
. '(, kathavastu)' . '' [],

[] [].
ENG Discourse (kath), means words, or speech (vkya); discourse has names or words (nman,
ii.36) for its foundation.
EJsrthakavastugrahat tu saskta kathvastcyate.

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srthaka vastu grahat tu saskta kath vastu ucyate.

m. n. m. sg. abl. m. ind. f. n. III sg. A pass.
2013
(saskta) .
- , " the word "); seizing , holding , taking; taking by the hand , marrying; catching , seizure , taking captive; seizure (as by a demon causing diseases) , demoniacal possession; seizure of the sun or moon , eclipse; gaining , obtaining , receiving , acceptance; choosing; purchasing; taking or drawing up (any fluid); the taking up of sound , echo; attraction; putting on (clothes); assuming (a shape); undertaking , devoting one's self to (in comp.); service; including; mentioning , employing (a word or expression); mentioning with praise , acknowledgment; assent , agreement; perceiving , understanding , comprehension , receiving instruction , acquirement of any science; acceptation , meaning; [f.] an imaginary organ supposed to lie between the stomach and the intestines (the small intestines or that part of the alimentary canal where the bile assists digestion and from which vital warmth is said to be diffused) sask ta: [mfn.] (or / -) put together , constructed , well or completely formed , perfected; made ready , prepared , completed , finished; dressed , cooked (as food); purified , consecrated , sanctified , hallowed , initiated; refined , adorned , ornamented , polished , highly elaborated (esp. applied to highly wrought speech , such as the Sanskrit language as opp , to the vernaculars); [m.] a man of one of the three classes who has been sanctified by the purificatory rites; [m.] a learned man; [m.] a word formed according to accurate rules , a regular derivation; [n.] making ready , preparation or a prepared place , sacrifice; [n.] a sacred usage or custom; [n.] the Sanskrit language
grahaa: [mfn.] ifc. seizing , holding; resounding in; [n.] the hand; an organ of sense Yogas.; a prisoner; a word mentioned or employed (e.g.
DG
.
.
.
. ENGShould one take literally the definition given by the stanza, and say that conditioned things are
words? No. By "foundations of discourse" one should understand "the foundations of discourse, that is, words, together with that which the words signify."
EJanyath hi prakaraagrantho virudhyeta

anyath hi prakaraagrantha virudhyeta
ind. ind. m. nom. sg. III sg. pass. pp.
, Prakaraagrantha .
virudha: - , - : to hinder , obstruct , invest , besiege; to close; to encounter opposition from (instr.): Pass. - (mc. also ) , to
variance with or contradictory to (instr.); to fail: Caus. - (rarely ) , to set at variance , disunite; to oppose , encounter , fight against or contend , with (acc. , rarely gen.); to object to (acc.); Desid. - , to wish to commence hostility
be impeded or checked or kept back or withheld; to be opposed , to contend with (instr. with or without , gen. loc. , or acc. with ); to be at
EJ kathvastny adaabhir dhtubhi saghtni .

kath vastni adaabhi dhtubhi saghtni
f. n. pl. m. pl. n. pl.
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nom. ins. ins. acc.
2013
18 .
saghta: [ - mfn.] grasped , seized , caught , taken , received , collected , gathered; made narrower , contracted , abridged; held in , restrained , ruled , governed; received kindly , welcomed
DG
Prakaraagrantha 18 .
, .
.
, "
18 " .
ENGIf we understand "foundations of discourse" to be only words, we would be at variance with
the Prakaraagrantha which says; "The kathavastus, the foundations of discourse, are embraced within the eighteen dhtus."
EJnisaraa nisra = sarvasya sasktasya nirvam,

nisaraa nisra = sarvasya sasktasya nirvam
n. sg. nom. m. sg. nom. m. sg. gen. m. sg. gen. n. sg. nom.
.
nisaraa:
beatitude saraa: [mfn.] (for - p.1183) going , moving , running; [n.] running , quick motion (with , " a foot-race " , " runningmatch "); [n.] moving from one place to another , locomotion; running after , following; iron rust or filings; [mfn.] (for [p= 1182,1]) kind of time (also and ); [- : m.] going forth or out connected with war or conflict nisra: [ mf( )n.] sapless , pithless , worthless , vain , unsubstantial (- f. - n.); [m.] (in music) a
[-
n.] going forth or out; issue , egress , gate; means , expedient , remedy to get rid of (comp.); departure , death final
DG
. .
75 | P a g e
2013
.
.
'(, sanisra)' . '()'

, .
ENGNisra signifies "leaving" (sra = nisarana) which is the Nirvana of all conditioned things.
EJtad em astti sanisr.

pron. m. pl. III sg. gen. pres. ind.
tad em asti iti sanisr

m. pl. nom.
DG
.
. '' . ENGAs one should depart from conditioned things, one qualifies them as "endowed with leaving
EJsahetukatvt savastuk.
sahetukatvt savastuk
m. sg. abl. m. pl. nom.
DG
.
. '(, savastuka)' , .
76 | P a g e
2013
ENGConditioned things are dependent on causes; they are thus qualified as savastuka, that is,
"having causes."
EJhetuvacana kila vastuabda iti Vaibhik.

m. m. sg. nom. n. ind. m. ind.
hetu vacana kila vastu abda iti Vaibhik

m. pl. nom.
[].
abda: [m.] sound , noise , voice , tone , note ( , to utter a sound , raise the voice , cry aloud ; sound is supposed to be sevenfold or expressly); speech , language; the right word , correct expression (opp. to -); the sacred syllable Om; (in gram.) a declinable word or a word-termination , affix; a name , appellation , title; a technical term; verbal communication or testimony , oral tradition , verbal authority or evidence (as one of the s q.v. ) eight. fold [ Dharmas. 35] or tenfold [ MBh. xiv , 1418] ; in the it is taught to be eternal); a word ( , by word , explicitly ,
DG
vastuabda .
'' . () () ()
,
ENGThe Vaibhasikas believe that, in the expression savastuka, vastu signifies cause (hetu).
EJity ete sasktadharmaparyy. ta eva puna saskt dharm

iti ete saskta dharma paryy ta eva puna saskt dharm
m. pl. ind. nom. m. adj. m. pl. nom. m. sg. nom. ind.
, .
paryya: [m.] going or turning or winding round , revolving , revolution; course , lapse , expiration of time; regular recurrence , repetition , succession , turn (ibc. or ind. in turn , successively , alternately ; , at the fourth time); a regularly recurring series or formula probability; (in rhet.) a partic. figure of speech; (with s) the regular development of a thing and the end of this development; opportunity , occasion; formation , creation; point of contact; [mfn.] expressing a corresponding notion (esp. in the - ceremony); a convertible term , synonym; way , manner , method of proceeding ( , in this manner);
DG
77 | P a g e

.
2013
, . .
[ ?]
ENGSuch are the diverse synonyms of "conditioned things."
EJye ssrav updnaskandhs te,

.
ye ssrav updna skandhs te
DG . () ENG When they are impure, they are updnaskandhas.
78 | P a g e

Abhidharmakosa Translation of The First Chapter

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TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJo namo buddhya

ENGO Homage to the Buddha.

EJ ya sarvath sarvahatndhakra; sasrapakj jagad ujjahra.

ya sarvath sarva hata andha kra; sasra pakaja jagat ud-jahra

EJtasmai namasktya yathrthastre stra pravakymy Abhidharmakoam.1.1.

tasmai namas ktya yath artha stre 2 stra pravakymi Abhidharmakoam

/ . stre dat. , loc. . -

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJstra praetukma svasya stur mhtmya jpanrtha

stra praet kma svasya st mhtmya jpana artha

gua akhyna prvaka tasmai namaskram -rabhate

gukhynaprvaka tasmai namaskram rabhate

EJya iti buddha bhagavantam adhiktyha.

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

hatam asya andhakram anena v iti hata andhakra

EJsarvea prakrea sarvasmin hatndhakra sarvath sarvahatndhakra.

sarvea prakrea sarvasmin hata andha-kra sarvath sarva-hata andhakra

Apte refer to speak of ,

( .2. I refer to, speak of akuntal), adhikta . .

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

ajna hi bhta artha darana pratibandhd andhakram

tad ca bhagavato buddhasya pratipaka lbhena atyanta sarvath sarvatra

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

punar an-utpatti dharmatvd dhatam atho asau sarvath sarvahata andhakra

punar anutpattidharmatvd dhatam; ato sau sarvath sarvahatndhakra.

beginning, principle of light & being, basic ;afterwards; in future; later on

EJpratyekabuddharvak api kma sarvatra hatndhakr,

pratyeka - buddha rvaka api kma sarvatra hat andhakr,

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

klia sammoha atyanta vigama-ad, na tu sarvath;

EJtath hi e buddhadharmev ativiprakadeakleu crtheu

anantaprabhedeu ca bhavaty evkliam ajnam iti.

ananta - prabhedeu ca bhavati ev kliam ajnam iti.

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJ tmahitapratipattisampad sastutya punas tam eva bhagavanta

tma-hita pratipatti sampad sastutya punas tam eva bhagavanta

parahitapratipattisampad sastauti parahita pratipatti sampad sastauti

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

a necklace of pearl; , sastuti: [f.] praise , eulogy, figurative mode of expression

EJsasrapakj jagad ujjahrti.

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJsasro hi jagadsagasthnatvd duruttaratvc ca pakabhta,

sasro hi jagad saga sthnatvd dur-uttaratvt ca paka bhta

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJtatrvamagna jagad atram anukampamno bhagavn

tatra ava-magna jagad a-tram anukampamno bhagavn

saddharmadeanhastapradnair yathbhavyam abhyuddhtavn iti

if, suppose, in case, so long as, as long as, only,

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJya evam tmaparahitapratipattisampad yuktas tasmai namasktyti iras praipatya.

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

. : . : , , [ ] . [] ' ' ' ' , ' ( )' ' ' ,

yath artham aviparta sti iti yath artha st

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJyathbhtasanc chst bhavann asau sasrapakj jagad ujjahra,

na tu ddhi vara pradna prabhvea iti

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

EJtasmai namasktya ki kariyati?

: . ' () .' ENG"I shall compose a treatise."

TRANSLATION OF ABHIDHARMAKOAM BHYAM

. '(, astra)' . ENG A treatise is that which instructs disciples.