Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Zach Stewart Kenton DeWald

Industrial revolution?
How does an industrial revolution begin? Here are the steps:
1st An Agricultural Revolution 2nd Better Food Production

3rd Population Explosion

4th Higher Demand for Goods 5th Energy Revolution

6th Faster Production of Goods

7th Industrial Revolution

The agricultural revolution

- This revolution changed the way women work.
- Machines were to heavy and inefficient for women to handle. - They would end up hurting themselves trying to work the machines.

Population effects
- In 1750 the population of Britain reached 5.7 million.
- This happened twice before but the agricultural infrastructure could not support the population growth. - If a population grows, its needs food production to provide for the people at the speed and amount they need.

Enclosure movement
- The enclosure movement put peasants out of jobs.
- Occupied most farm land outside of crowded cities.

- And helped continue the strong agricultural revolution.

The enclosure movement was the process of wealthy businessmen either taking or buying peasant land and closing parts off to cultivate land or raise animals.

The inventors
These mens machines were responsible for the huge leap in Europes Industrial Revolution. - Thomas Newcomens steam engine - James Watts improved steam engine - Abraham Darbys new smelt process - John Kays flying shuttle - James Hargreaves spinning jenny - Richard Arkwrights water frame - George Stephensons steam powered locomotive - Robert Fultons steam boat

Thomas Newcomen
- Newcomens steam engine was the first practical device to harness the power of steam to produce mechanical work.
- This machine was used in Europe and Britain to, primarily, pump water out of mines.

James watt
- Watts improved steam
engine used steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive a piston helped by a partial vacuum.

- Next great step in the development of the steam engine.

Abraham darby
- Abraham Darby developed a new way to make iron more pure and concentrated in a process called smelting. - This process got rid of most impurities in the iron.

John kay
- Kays flying shuttle, wheeled shuttle, greatly accelerated weaving.
- This was designed for the broad loom, which saved labor over the traditional process.

James hargreaves
- The spinning jenny is a multi-spool frame which was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves.
- This device reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn. - A worker would be able to work eight or more spools at once. - This number grew to 120 as technology advanced.

Richard arkwright
- Arkwright patented the spinning frame or water frame that could produce stronger threads for yarns.
- The first models were powered by waterwheels so it became known as a water frame.

George stephenson
George Stephensons revolutionary invention, the steam locomotive changed the way the world traveled for generations. - This machine was made entirely by hand. - This was the first successful steam locomotive. - This made travel through Europe a lot quicker and safer. - People did not have to rely on a river or waterway to travel across a continent. - Railroads could go places carts and boats could not.

Robert fulton
- Robert Fulton made the first successful steam boat.
- This new machine made travel by river faster and more efficient. - His new steam boat could travel at a record breaking five miles per hour.

Lasting effects
These mens inventions have changed a few major aspects of life
- Transportation - Production of goods - Communications

philosophers
- Created lasting ideas and philosophies that many countries and cultures live by to this day.
- Stable government, agriculture, and industry produce the perfect storm where improvement in every aspect of life is undeniable. - The industrial revolution produced many of the most influential thinkers of their day and for generation to come.

Adam smith
- Adam Smith was the author of the Wealth of Nations.
- He believed hat a free market, unregulated exchange of goods and services, would come to help everyone, not just the rich.

Thomas malthus
- Thomas Malthus opposed any government help for the poor and believed the best cure of poverty was unrestricted laws of the free market. - He predicted that population would outpace outpace the food supply and that the only checks on population growth were war, disease, and famine.

David ricardo
- Agreed with Adam Smiths idea of the unrestricted laws of the free market.
- He pointed out that when wages were high, families had more children. More children meant greater supply of labor. This lead to lower wages and greater unemployment. He believed that the working class would never escape poverty.

Jeremy bentham
- Jeremy Bentham believed that all laws should be judged by their utility or usefulness. He supported individual freedom. - He believed that individual freedom would guarantee happiness. Still, he saw the need for government to become involved in certain situations.

John stuart mill

- John Stuart Mill argued that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they cause pain.
- He wanted the government to step in and improve the life of the working class. - He called for giving the right to vote all workers and to women. He believed that than those who had these new rights could use their political power to win reforms.

Karl Marx
- Karl Marx was a German philosopher who condemned the ideas of Utopians as unrealistic.
- In his publication, The Communist Manifesto, Marx theorized that economics was the driving force in history. - He argued that the entire course of human was a struggle between the haves and the have nots.

Lasting effects
The philosophers of the industrial revolution developed a major ideas and systems of government that would last for generations.
- Capitalism: a system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.

- Utilitarianism: said that people should judge businesses, workers, and actions by their utility(usefulness)
- Socialism: the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. - Communism: a form of complete socialism in which all means of production would be owned by the people/government.

Factories and textiles

Factories and textiles were major improvement for the working class and wealthy folk alike.

Factories brought many workers together to produce mass goods.

Factories gave many people jobs so they could keep themselves and/or their families financially stable. Textiles decreased the time and effort in making and producing clothes.

Factories created a mass movement called urbanization. This was another reason for population increase of many cities in Europe.

Negative affects of factories

Every working man or woman experienced and lived, first hand, the working conditions produced from factories.
- Many workers lived shorter lives than expected. - Many boys and girls were forced to work to keep families financially stable. - Boys and girls would live short, unhealthy lives due to the smoke, dust, and other debris produced in factories that infected their lungs.

Child labor

Urbanization
Urbanization is the movement of people from farm and country land to cities, usually where factories or work opportunities are. - This movement all over Europe created more populated cities throughout Europe. - Farmlands became available. - Most cities and towns were centered around these factories or textiles.

Factories and textiles

The industrial revolution

The industrial revolution was the greatest leap forward in transportation, food production, and population growth in the history of mankind.
- Many new ideas and philosophies were created in and from this revolution. - The way people live was dramatically improved. - Work was changed for the better in the long run. - New methods for producing food was enhanced to get more food for more people at a price any working man could afford.

The good stuff

http://www.history.com/topics/industrialrevolution/videos#the-industrial-revolition

http://www.history.com/topics/industrialrevolution/videos#steam-engine-drives-transportationrevolution