A.

II-1

APPENDIX 2

Perhitungan
1.

CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

Untuk Aliran CoCurrent (pada t = 1 menit)
Hot Fluid

ft 3
3

min
m
FH 0,003
. 35,313 3
0,1059 ft

min
min
m

min

TH1 = TH in = 48 0C = 118,40 0F
TH2 = TH out = 43 0C = 109,40 0F

TH avg =

TH1 TH2 118,40 109,40

113,9 0 F
2
2

air (T =26 0C) = 62,22699 lb

ft 3

(App. A.2 - 3 Geankoplis)

Nilai Cp (App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplis)

65,60
45,50
37,80
4,183

4,187

y 4,183
45,50 37,80

4,187 4,183
65,60 37,80
y = 4,18411 kJ/kg 0C
Cp H = 4,18411 kJ/kg 0C (pada TH avg = 45 0C = 113,9 0F
0

Cp H = 4,18411 kJ/kg C

1 Btu

lb 0 F
= 0,9993 Btu/lb 0F
4,1869kJ 0
kg C

A.II-1

A.II-2

mH = FH . = 0,1059 ft3/min . 62,22699 lb/ft3 = 6,59226 lb/min

o

QH = mH . Cp H . (TH1 TH2)
= (6,59226 lb/min).(0,9993 Btu/lb 0F).(118,4 109,4)0F
= 59,29082 Btu/min

Cold Fluid
3

Fc = 0,0011 m /min.

35,313 ft
1m

min 0,03884 ft3

min

min

tc1 = 30 0C = 86 0F
tc2 = 32 0C = 89,6 0F
tc avg =

t H1 t H2 30 32

31 0C 87,8 0 F
2
2

Nilai Cp (App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplis)

37,8
31
36,7
4,183

4,183

y 4,183
31 26,7

4,187 4,183
37,8 26,7
y = 4,183 kJ/kg 0C
0

Cp C = 4,183 kJ/kg C.

1 Btu

lb 0 F = 0,99907 Btu/lb 0F
4,1869kJ 0
kg C

m c = Fc . = 0,03884 ft3/min . 62,22699 lb/ft3 = 2,41716 lb/min

A.II-2

A.II-3

Qc = m. c Cp H . (TH1 TH2)
= (2,41716 lb/min).(0,99907 Btu/lb 0F).(89,6 86)0F = 8,69368 Btu/min

TLMTD =

118,4 89,6 109,4 87,8 25,584980 F

TH1 t C1 TH2 t C2
T t
ln H1 C1
TH2 t C2

118,4 87,8
ln

109,4 87,8

Uo =

QH
59 ,29082

= 3,42833 Btu/min.ft2.oF
.d o .L.T LMTD 3,14 0,04101 5,2493 25,58498

Ui =

QC
8,69368

= 0,59279 Btu/min.ft2 oF
.d o .L.T LMTD 3,14 0,03477 5,2493 25,58498

Um =

QH
59,29082

.(d o 1/2.d i ).L.T LMTD 3,14 0,04101 1 .0,03477 5,249325,58498

2

=2,40754 Btu/min.ft2 oF

Keefektifan Heat Exchanger

(m.Cp)hot

= (6,59226 lb/min).(0,993 Btu/lb oF) = 6,58787 Btu/min. oF

(m.Cp)cold

= (2,41716 lb/min).(0,9907 Btu/lb oF) = 2,41491 Btu/min. oF

(m.Cp)min

= (6,59226 lb/min).(0,993 Btu/lb oF) = 6,58787 Btu/min. oF

QH

= 59.29082 Btu/min

QC

= 8,69368 Btu/min

Qact

= 8,69368 Btu/min (terendah dari QH dan QC)

Efektivitas ()
8,69368 Btu
Qactual
min

= 0,13793

m.Cpmin.TH TC avg 2,41491Btu o .113,90 87,80F

min F

Fouling factor (Rf)

Rd data

= 0,003 ft2.h oF/Btu (required) (tabel 12 Kern)

A.II-3

A.II-4

Ud =

1
1

100,77902Btu
h.ft2 F

1
0,003

Rd 1

2,40754.60
Um

Rf percobaan

2
U m - Ud
0,003 h.ft . F
Btu
U m .Ud

d
0,03478.ln. 0,04101

d i .ln. o d

0,03478
2
i

Rf

0,00247 h.ft . F
Btu
2 . k f
2.3,14. 0,3689

Tebal Fouling (tf) berdasarkan Rf

2 . k f . R f . 1

di
1 e

tf = di

konduktivitas termal (kf), interpolasi = tabel 4 Kern

140
113,9
86
0,356

0,381

y 0,356
113,9 86

0,381 0,356
140 86

y = 0,36892
kf = 0,36892 Btu/h.ft oF ,dicari berdasarkan TH (tabel 4 : Geankoplis)

1 e
tf = 0,03478

2 .0 , 3689.0 , 00247. 1
0 , 03478

= 0,00264 ft

Tebal Fouling (tf) untuk Rd

2 .k f . Rd . 1

di

= 0,03478
tf = di 1 e

2 .0 , 3689.0 , 003. 1

0 , 03478
1 e

A.II-4

=0,00112 ft

A.II-5

Untuk Aliran counter-current (pada t = 1 menit)

Hot Fluid

ft 3
3

FH 0,003 m
. 35,313 3 min 0,1059 ft
min
min
m

min

TH1 = TH in = 50,4 0C = 122,72 0F

TH2 = TH out = 48,7 0C = 119,66 0F

TH avg =

TH1 TH2 50,4 48,7

49,55 0C 121,19 F
2
2

Nilai Cp (App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplis)

64,6
49,55
37,80
4,183

4,187

y 4,183
49,55 37,80

4,187 4,183
65,60 37,80
y = 4,18469 kJ/kg 0C
0

Cp H = 4,18469 kJ/kg C

1 Btu

lb 0 F
= 0,99947 Btu/lb 0F
4,1869kJ 0
kg C

mH = FH . = 0,1059 ft3/min . 62,22699 lb/ft3 = 6,59226 lb/min

o

QH = mH . Cp H . (TH1 TH2)
= (6,59226 lb/min).(0,99947 Btu/lb.oF).(112,72 119,66)0F
= 20,16169Btu/min

A.II-5

A.II-6

Cold Fluid
Fc = 0,0011 m3/min.

35,313 ft
1m

min 0,03884 ft3

min

min

tc1 = 30,2 0C = 86,36 0F

tc2 = 32,5 0C = 90,5 0F
tc avg =

t H1 t H2 30,2 32,5

31,34 0 C 88,43 0 F
2
2

Nilai Cp (App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplis)

37,8
31,35
26
4,183

4,187

y 4,183
31,35 26

4,187 4,183
37,8 26
y = 4,183 kJ/kg 0C
0

Cp C = 4,183 kJ/kg C.

1 Btu

lb 0 F = 0,99907 Btu/lb 0F
4,1869kJ 0
kg C

m c = Fc . = 0,03884 ft3/min . 62,22699 lb/ft3 = 2,41716 lb/min

o

Qc = m c . Cp H . (TH1 TH2)
= (2,41716 lb/min).(0,99907 Btu/lb 0F).(89,6 86)0F = 9,99774 Btu/min

TLMTD =

TH1 t C1 TH2 t C2 122,72 90,5 119,66 86,36 32,757030 F

T t
ln H1 C1
TH2 t C2

122,72 90,5
ln

119,66 86,36

A.II-6

A.II-7

Uo =

QH
20 ,16169

= 0,91055 Btu/min.ft2 .oF

.d o .L.T LMTD 3,14 0,04101 5,2493 32 ,75703

Ui =

QC
8,69368

= 0,53245 Btu/min.ft2. oF
.d o .L.T LMTD 3,14 0,03477 5,2493 25,58498

Um =

QH
20.16169

.(d o 1/2.d i ).L.T LMTD

3,14 0,04101 12 .0,0348 5,249332.6277

= 0.6394Btu/min.ft2 oF

Keefektifan Heat Exchanger

(m.Cp)hot

= (6,59226 lb/min).(0,99947 Btu/lb 0F) = 6,58879 Btu/min. 0F

(m.Cp)cold

= (2,41716 lb/min).(0,9907 Btu/lb 0F) = 2,41491 Btu/min. 0F

(m.Cp)min

= 2,41491 Btu/min. 0F

QH

= 20,16169 Btu/min

QC

= 9,99774 Btu/min

Qact

= 9,99774 Btu/min (terendah dari QH dan QC)

Efektivitas ()

9,99774 Btu
Qactual
min
= 0,1264

0
Btu
m.Cpmin.TH TC avg 2,41491

.
1
21
,
19

8
8
,
43
F
min 0 F

Ud =

1
1

34,4058 Btu
h.ft2 0 F
0,003 1

Rd 1

0,6394.60
Um

Rf percobaan

2
U m - Ud
0,003 h.ft . F
Btu
U m .Ud

d
d i .ln. o d 0,0348.ln. 0,041010,0348
2

Rf

0,00245 h.ft . F
Btu
2 . k f
2.3,14. 0,37229

A.II-7

A.II-8

Tebal Fouling (tf) untuk Rf

2 . k f . R f . 1

di
1 e
0,00264 f t
tf = di

konduktivitas termal (kf), interpolasi (table 4 Kern)

140
121,19
86
0,356

0,381

y 0,356
121,19 86

0,381 0,356
140 86

y = 0,37229
kf = 0,37229 Btu/h.ft 0F , dicari berdasarkan TH (tabel 4 Kern)

1 e
tf = 0,03478

2 .0 , 3689.0 , 00247. 1
0 , 03478

= 0,00264 ft

Tebal Fouling (tf) untuk Rd

2 .k f . Rd . 1

di
1 e

tf = di
= 0,0348

= 0,00113 ft

A.II-8

2 .0 , 37229.0 , 003 1

0 , 0348
1 e

A.II-9

2. Coil
-

Batch Operation
Untuk menit ke-1 untuk 300 rpm (pengaduk)
TH1 = 63,2 0C = 145 0F
TH2 = 70,80 0C = 159,44 0F
TC5.0 = 30 0C = 86 0F
TC5.1 = 33 0C = 91,4 0F

= 0,1059 ft3/min

= 2,5 mL = 0,0883 ft3

Hot water
TH avg =

TH1 TH2 145,76 159,44

152,6 0 F
2
2

air (T =152,6 0F) = 61,14424 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplis)

Cp (T =152,6 0F) = 1,00155 Btu/lb 0F (App.A.2-5/Geankoplis)

o

mH = . Q = 61,14424 lb

ft 3

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 88,7507 lbm/min

- Cold water
TC5 = 91,4 0 F
air (T =91,4 0F) = 62,15813 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplish)

Cp (T =91,4 0F) = 0,99976 Btu/lb 0F (App.A.2-5/Geankoplis)

m c = . Q = 62,15813

lb

ft 3

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 6,5850 lbm/min

Qc = mc.Cp ((TC51 Tc51-1)-(t1-t(1-1))= (6,5850 lbm/min).( 099976 Btu/lb 0F . 0/1-0)

=0
Efektivitas ()

TH1 TC51 145,76 91,4

TH2 TCS0 159 ,44 86

=1

A.II-9

A.II-10

Dengan cara yang sama akan didapat nilai QH dan QC serta keefektifan HE () pada
setiap penambahan waktu pada hasil perhitungan

Batch Operation
Untuk menit ke-1 unutk 0 rpm (tanpa pengaduk)
TH1 = 61,9 0C = 143,42 0F
TH2 = 68,9 0C = 156,02 0F
TC5.0 = 31,7 0C = 89,060F
TC5.1 = 29,8 0C = 85,64 0F
Q

= 0,1059 ft3/min

= 2,5 mL = 0,0883 ft3

Hot water
TH avg =

TH1 TH2 143,42 1596,02

149,720 F
2
2

air (T =149,02 0F) = 62,15813 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplish)

Cp (T =149,02 0F) = 1,0014 Btu/lb oF (App.A.2-5/Geankoplis)

o

mH = . Q = 62,15813 lb

ft

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 6,5850 lbm/min

QH = mH.Cp (T1 T2) = (6,5850 lbm/min).( 1,0014 Btu/lb 0F) = 83,0837 Btu/min
- Cold water
TC5 = 85,64 0 F
air (T =85,64 0F) = 62,16163 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplish)

Cp (T =85,64 0F) = 0,9976 Btu/lb 0F

o

mC = . Q = 62,16163 lb

ft

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 6,5853 lbm/min

Qc = mc.Cp ((TC51 Tc51-1)-(t1-t(1-1)) = (6,5853 lbm/min).( 0,99976 Btu/lb 0F . 0/1-0)

=0
A.II-10

A.II-11

Efektivitas ()

Q act
Q act

0,01994
Q m ax (m.Cp)min. (TH1 TC1 )

- Continuous Operation
Untuk menit ke-1 unutk 0 rpm (tanpa pengaduk)
TH1 = 75,4 0C = 167,72 0F
TH2 = 76 0C = 168,8 0F
TC5.0 = 30,6 0C = 87,08 0F
TC5.1 = 32,2 0C = 91,76 0F

= 0,1059 ft3/min

= 2,5 mL = 0,0883 ft3

Hot water
TH avg =

TH1 TH2 167,72 168,8

168,260 F
2
2

air (T =168,26 0F) = 60,8298 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplish)

Cp (T =168,26 0F) = 0,9928 Btu/lb 0F (App.A.2-5/Geankoplis)

o

mH = . Q = 6,4442 lb

ft

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 6,4442 lbm/min

QH = mH.Cp (T1 T2)

= (6,4442 lbm/min).( 0,99928 Btu/lb 0F)(168.8 167,72) = 6,9548 Btu/min

Cold water
TC5 = 89 ,42 0 F
air (T =89,42 0F) = 62,1581 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplish)

Cp (T =89,42 0F) = 0,99928 Btu/lb 0F

(App.A.2-5/Geankoplis)

mC = . Q = 62,1581 lb

ft 3

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 6,5850 lbm/min

A.II-11

A.II-12

Qc = mc.Cp() = (6,5850 lbm/min).( 0,99928 Btu/lb 0F).(91,76-87,097)

= 30,7956 Btu/min
Efektivitas ()

Q act
Q act

0,01339
Q m ax (m.Cp)min. (TH1 TC1 )

Untuk menit ke-1 unutk 300 rpm

TH1 = 75,4 0C = 167,72 oF
TH2 = 76 0C = 168,8 oF
TC1 = 35,3 0C = 95,54 oF
TC4 = 38,5 0C = 101,3 oF

= 0,1059 ft3/min

= 2,5 mL = 0,0883 ft3

Hot water
TH avg =

TH1 TH2 167,72 169,16

168,440 F
2
2

air (T =168,44 oF) = 60,8260 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplish)

Cp (T =168,44 oF) = 0,99928 Btu/lb oF (App.A.2-5/Geankoplis)

o

mH = . Q = 60,8260 lb

ft 3

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 6,4438 lbm/min

QH = mH.Cp (T1 T2)

= (6,4438 lbm/min).( 0,99928 Btu/lb 0F)(169,16 167,72) = 9,2725 Btu/min

Cold water
TC5 = 89 ,42 0 F
air (T =89,42 0F) = 62,1581 lb

ft 3

(App. A. 2-11 / Geankoplish)

Cp (T =89,42 0F) = 0,99928 Btu/lb 0F (App.A.2-5/Geankoplis)

A.II-12

A.II-13

mC = . Q = 62,1581 lb

ft

. 0,1059 ft3/min = 6,5850 lbm/min

Qc = mc.Cp() = (6,5850 lbm/min).( 0,99928 Btu/lb 0F).(101,3 95,54) 0F

= 37,9022 Btu/min
Efektivitas ()

(TH1 TC51 )
0
(TH1 TC50 )

Contiuous Operation with stirrer 300 rpm

D pengaduk

= 0,12495 ft

Tinggi daun

= 0,0656 ft

Tinggi coil

= 0,3281 ft

D coil

= 0,2953 ft

Tebal tangki = 0,6491 ft

N

= 18000 rph

D vessel

= 0,479026 ft

= 1,7501 lb/ft h

= 61,1581 lb/ft3

Hp = (1,29.10-4).(D vessel)1,1.(L)2,72.(N)2,86.(tinggi daun)0,3.(D coil)0,6.( )0,14 .( )0,86

= (1,29.10-4).( 0,479026 ft)1,1.( 0,12495 ft)2,72.( 18000 rph)2,86.
( 0,0656 ft)0,3.( 0,2953 ft)0,6.( 1,7501 lb/ft h)0,14.(61,1581 lb/ft3)0,86
= 2531029,8910 ft lb / h = 1,1776 Hp
Hc = 0,87.(k / D coil).(L2.N. / )2/3 . (Cp. / k)1/3
= 0,87.(0,35354 Btu/h ft0F / 0,2953 ft).( 0,12495 ft2. 1800 rph. 61,1581 lb/ft3
/ 1,7501 lb/ft h)2/3 .(0,9993 Btu/lb 0F. 1,7501 lb/ft h / 0,35354 Btu/h ft0F)1/3
= 1029,81769599 Btu/jam. ft2 0F)

Hasil selanjutnya dapat dilihat pada tabel hasil perhitungan

A.II-13

A.II-14

Perhitungan Horse power dan koefisien film perpindahan panas pada coil and
stirrer

- Batch operation 300 rpm (with stirrer)

(63,2 0C)

= 1,135 lb/ft h

(63,2 0C)

= 62,1581 lb/ft3

Hp = (1,29.10-4).(D vessel)1,1.(L)2,72.(N)2,86.(tinggi daun)0,3.(D coil)0,6.( )0,14 .( )0,86

= (1,29.10-4).( 0,479026 ft)1,1.( 0,12495 ft)2,72.( 18000 rph)2,86.
( 0,0656 ft)0,3.( 0,2953 ft)0,6.( 1,135 lb/ft h)0,14.( 62,1581 lb/ft3)0,86
= 2375784,0256 ft lb / h = 1,1992 Hp
Hc = 0,87.(k / D coil).(L2.N. / )2/3 . (Cp. / k)1/3
= 0,87.(0,35354 Btu/h ft0F / 0,2953 ft).( 0,12495 ft2. 18000 rph. 62,1581 lb/ft3
/ 1,135 lb/ft h)2/3 .(0,9993 Btu/lb 0F. 1,135 lb/ft h / 0,35354 Btu/h ft0F)1/3
= 805,28006283 Btu/jam. ft2 0F)

Hasil perhitungan selanjutnya dapat dilihat pada tabel hasil perhitungan

A.II-14