COLD WAR

'The Deep Freeze'

In his farewell address to the American people in 1796 president George Washington warned not to entangle our peace and prosperity with other nations. rom this simple warning was !orn a policy of isolationism. or the ne"t two centuries American presidents would go to great lengths to pre#ent foreign entanglements and $eep America%s role in world affairs limited. All of this would a!ruptly change following World War II. &he old super powers had !een de#astated !y si" years of war. With isolation now impossi!le' the (nited )ates would !ecome the dominant western super power. In the east a ruthless' militant and paranoid *oseph )talin would cement his hold on power. +e li#ed uncomforta!ly with the $nowledge that his former allies had !uilt' and dropped' the first atomic !om!. +e con#inced himself that this im!alance in power had to rectified. &o protect )o#iet interests he would fortify the !orders in east,central -urope into a defensi#e shield that Winston .hurchill would refer to as the Iron .urtain' a term that would stic$ until the collapse of the )o#iet -mpire in 19/9. 0y 1919 the )o#iets had successfully tested their own atom !om!' setting the stage for the tensest period in human history.
2#er the ne"t four and a half decades the Americans and )o#iets would engage in a dangerous game of !rin$smanship. With neither side willing to directly challenge the other' each would !uild up massi#e arsenals of nuclear weapons to ensure mutual annihilation. &hrough this period man$ind would face the reality of self,destruction for the first time in history.

Part I - Morning Notes

I. Why do you thin$ communism has ne#er !een em!raced or e#en attempted !y 3orth America4 Will it e#er !e4 II. 5ecall some instances in which someone else tried to dictate your own !eha#iour. +ow did you react4 III. Is war or conflict an innate human trait4 Is it our una#oida!le nature to destroy oursel#es4

Part II - Preparation for Lecture

I. 6ideo7 Kennedy Speech II. 6ideo7 Duck and Cover, Public Service Announcement III. 6ideo7 1950' Communi m v ! Capitali m Propa"anda IV. 5eading7 8hrusche#9s :etter to ;resident 8ennedy

V. 5eading7 #he $nemy %aker VI. 5eading7 &u ian Stin"

6II. 5eading7 )mith and Andropo#

Part III - Time and Place Faces from t e Cold War

I. <ap7 <ilitary 3A&2 #s. Warsaw ;act II. <ap7 Iron .urtain 3A&2 #s. Warsaw ;act III. <ap7 8orean War 19=>,19=?

Part I! - Lecture "uide

I. &he -nd of &rust A. &he ideological !attle7 &he West feared the spread of the communist re#olution. &he -ast feared the spread of capitalist imperialism.

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+istoric conflict7 &he )o#iets had e"perienced the West fighting against the 5ussian 5e#olution. @. 0oth had feared the other would negotiate a separate peace with Germany. World War II ser#ed to announce the new world order. a. &he )o#iets had defeated Germany. !. &he (nited )tates had defeated *apan. ?. At the ;otsdam .onference )talin too$ an aggressi#e stance in di#iding Germany. ;resident &ruman allowed little )o#iet influence in occupied *apan. a. &his led to the di#iding of 8orea. !. &ruman ad#ocates a policy of AcontainmentA' a recognition and desire to cease )o#iet e"pansion. c. .hurchill warns of the AIron .urtainA A 9.old9 War 1. &he war was ne#er fought directly. It was waged through political alliances and pro"y wars. a. A pro"y war occurred when the )o#iet (nion and (nited )tates !ac$ed opposing sides in a country9s ci#il war. !. Greece' Israel' .u!a' 6ietnam' Guatemala' Angola' and Afghanistan are e"amples. @. &here are three maBor points that came close to escalating the animosity into a 9hot9 war. a. 8orean War C19=>,=?D !. .u!an <issile .risis C196@D c. 6ietnam War C1961,7=D &he )o#iet (nion dissol#ed in 1991 effecti#ely ending the .old War.

II. 8orean War A. &he ()' under -isenhower' had cut !ac$ on military spending !y focusing on a relati#ely ine"pensi#e nuclear arms !uild up. 1. Eespite the death of )talin' () soldiers were still stationed in -ast Germany and )o#iet soldiers in West Germany. @. )enator <c.arthy in the () leads a communist Awitch,huntA. 0. &he .hinese 5e#olution C1919D 1. <ao &se,&ung triumphs and the world9s largest nation 9goes red9.

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&he 9official go#ernment9' the Guomintang' retreat to &aiwan Cthe ne"t international trigger4D In this international climate' )outh 8orea and 3orth 8orea had !egun a ci#il war. 1. American troops dri#e !ac$ the 3orth 6ietnamese. @. &he .hinese .ommunist ;arty dri#es !ac$ the 9(nited 3ations9 a. <acArthur ad#ocates a controlled nuclear war. !. A cease fire is reached' and a demilitariFed Fone instituted which is patrolled to this day.

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III. &he .u!an <issile .risis A. A technology race is in full swing. 1. &he 5ussians ha#e the !om! a. &he de#elopment of the hydrogen !om!. @. )pace 5ace. a. )putni$ causes another wa#e of () de#elopment. 0. &he closest the world has come to seeing glo!al nuclear war. 1. &he )o#iets put nuclear missiles in .u!a seen from () spyplanes. @. &he American na#y !loc$ades the island and a standoff ensues. ?. A deal is wor$ed out and the )o#iet missiles are remo#ed Cthe American remo#e their missiles from &ur$eyD. .. 8issinger and 3i"on create the 9<adman9 approach. It9s in their fa#our' diplomatically' to appear unpredicta!le and unsta!le.

I6. &he 6ietnam War A. 6ietnam re!els had !een fighting rench colonial forces. 1. In the conte"t of the 8orean War this seemed li$e a communist #ictory. a. rance lea#es and the () steps in. @. &hey prop up )outh 6ietnam a. &he () sends military eGuipment' then military AaidsA' then troops. !. <illions of tones of napalm and agent orange are used on 6ietnam and .am!odia. ?. War fatigue and protests at home. a. () lea#es with Apeace with honorA !. 3orth 6ietnam ta$es )aigon and unifies the country.

6. &he .ollapse of the )o#iet (nion A. <i$hail Gor!ache# introduced two new policies 1. ;erestroi$a CreconstructingD a. &o deal with economic stagnation' he chose to reduce the amount of military spending. !. +e also allowed foreign in#estment and mar$et reform that was not centrally planned. @. Glasnost CopennessD a. Gor!ache# !egan to allow more freedom of the press. !. +e !egan to openly fight corruption in the ;arty. ?. Gor!ache# reBected the 0reFhne# Eoctrine , he did not call in the army when there was unrest on the edge of the union Cin ;oland' +ungary' and GermanyD. a. &he edges of the empire !egan to declare independence.

Focus #uestions

I. In what ways did the possi!ility of nuclear war !oth threaten and promote glo!al peace4 II. +ow did Gor!ache#9s new policies change 5ussia4 III. +ow did protests and societal unrest at home in the ()A affect their role in 6ietnam4

Part ! - T e Least $ou % ould &no' Pla(ers - )*ents - Ideas

I. &ruman Eoctrine II. <AE theory III. &he .u!an <issile .risis I6. 3i$ita 8hrushche# 6. Glasnost 6I. <i$hail Gor!ache#