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SOAL 3
q3
h3
q2
h2
q1
h1
DIKETAHUI :
=6m
q1
= 3 t/m
= 980 cm / detik2
h1
=6m
q2
= 3 t/m
k1
= 5 x 103 kg/cm
h2
=5m
q3
= 2,5 t/m
k2
= 4 x 103 kg/cm
h3
=4m
k3
= 3 x 103 kg/cm
DIMINTA :
Tentukan Respon struktur tersebut diatas akibat gempa El Centro
PENYELESAIAN :
Perhitungan Massa :
1 = q 1 . L
= ( 3 x 103 ) x 6
= 18.000 kg
2 = q 2 . L
= ( 3 x 103 ) x 6
= 18.000 kg
3 = q 3 . L
= ( 2,5 x 103 ) x 6
= 15.000 kg
m1 =
1
g
18000
= 18,367 kg det 2 / cm
980
m2 =
2 18000
=
= 18,367 kg det 2 / cm
g
980
m3 =
3 15000
=
= 15,306kg det 2 / cm
g
980
Model Matematik
Free Body
Berdasarkan keseimbangan gaya gaya pada freebody diagram, maka dapat disusun PD
(Persamaan Differensial ) gerakan sebagai berikut :
m1 . y1 + k1 . y1 k2 ( y2 y1 )
=0___________(1)
m2 . y2 + k2 ( y2 y1 ) k3 ( y3 y2 ) = 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 2 )
m3 . y3 + k3 ( y3 y2 )
=0___________(3)
=0___________(4)
m2 . y2 ( k2 . y1 ) + ( k2 + k3 ) y2 k3 . y3
=0___________(5)
m3 . y3 k3 . y2 + k3 . y3
=0___________(6)
0
0
0 y1 k1 + k 2
0
y 2 + k 2
m3
y 3
0
k2
( k 2 + k 3)
k3
0 y1 0
k 3
y 2 = 0
k3
y 3
0
________(7)
Jika dipakai unit massa m = 10 kg det 2 / cm dan unit kekakuan k = 1000 kg / cm maka matriks
massa dan matriks kekakuan struktur 3 DOF diatas adalah :
1,8367
0
[m] =
9k
[ k ] = 4k
0
0
1,8367
4k
7k
3k
1,5306
0
3k
3k
0
0
________(8)
________(9)
Persamaan Eigen Problem yang dapat diperoleh dari matriks [ m ] dan matriks [ k ] adalah :
9k 1,8367 m2
4k
4k
3k
3k 1,5306m2
7 k 1,8367 m
3k
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 10 )
9k 1,8367 2
4k
4k
7k 1,8367
k
m
3k
1
=
3k
2
2 3
3k 1,5306
0
0
0
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 11 )
= 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 12 )
-4 1 + ( 7 1,8367 ) 2 3 3
= 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 13 )
-3 2 + ( 3 1,5306 ) 3
= 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 14 )
Dengan mengambil nilai 1 = 1, maka pada persamaan ( 12 ) dan persamaan ( 13 ) akan menjadi:
Persamaan ( 12 )
( 9 1,8367 ) 1 4
=0
( 9 1,8367 ) 1 4 2
=0
9 1,8367 4 2
=0
Persamaan ( 13 )
4 2
= 9 1,8367
= 2,25 0,4592 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 15 )
-4 1 + ( 7 1,8367 ) 2 3 3
=0
=0
=0
=0
3 3
=0
= 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 17 )
Cara paling sederhana mencari nilai adalah dengan cara coba coba dan diperoleh :
5000
=14,581rad / det
18,367
1 = 0,781 1 = 0,781
4000
= 29,972rad / det
18,367
2 = 4,125 2 = 4,125
3000
= 38,205rad / det
15,306
3 = 7,447 3 = ,447
No
Nilai Fungsi i
Nilai Fungsi i
Mode I = 0,781
Mode II = 4,125
1 = 1
11 = 1
12 = 1
13 = 1
2 = 2,25 0,4592
21 = 1,891
22 = 0,3558
23 = -1,1696
3 = 3,91672,449 + 0,2811 2
31 = 2,1755
32 = -1,4023
33 = 1,2682
31
32
33
21
22
11
23
12
Mode II
Mode I
13
Mode III
2,1755
1
0,3558
1,4023
1,1696
1,2682
38,205
[ ] j [ M ]
Pj
Tj =
=
Mj [ ] j T [ M ][ ] j
T
P1 = () j
1,8367
[ M ] m = (11,8912,1755)
0
0
0
1,8367
0
18,367
1,5306
0
0
1,8367
=
3,4732 18,367 =158,685kg / det
3,3298
P2 = () j
1,8367
[ M ] m = (10,3558 1,4023)
0
0
1,8367
0
0
18,367
1,5306
1,8367
=
0,6535 18,367 = 6,3146kg / det
2,1464
P3 = () j
1,8367
[ M ] m = (11,1696 1,2682)
0
0
1,8367
0
1,8367
=
2,148215,306 = 24,9436kg / det
1,9411
18,367
1,5306
0
0
M 1 = (1 1,891
1,8367
2,1755)
0
0
1,891 18,367
1,5306
2,1755
1,8367
0
= 287,4168 kg det2 / cm
M 2 = (1
0,3558
1,8367
1,4023)
0
0
1,8367
0
0 0,3558
18,367
1,5306
1,4023
= 93,28702 kg det / cm
M 3 = (1
1,1696
1,8367
1,2682)
0
0
1,8367
0
0 1,1696
15,306
1,5306
1,2682
= 104,2484 kg det2 / cm
P1
158,685
=
= 0,5521
M 1 287,4168
T2 =
P2
6,3146
=
= 0,0677
M 2 93,28702
T3 =
P3
24,9436
=
= 0,2393
M 3 104,2484
a1 = 1
2
2
( t ) 2
a1 = 14,5812
2
( 0,042) 2
a1 = 921,1812rad 2
a2 = 2
2
2
( t ) 2
a2 = 29,972 2
2
( 0,042 ) 2
a2 = 235,4661rad 2
a3 = 3
2
2
( t ) 2
a3 = 38,2052
2
( 0,042 ) 2
a3 = 325,8352rad 2
1
2i
b=
2
( t ) 2t
= frekuensi natural
t = selisih waktu
= rasio redaman = 5 %
b1 =
1
21
2
( t ) 2t
b1 =
1
2 0,05 14,581
2
2 0,042
( 0,042)
b1 = 549,5351rad / det
b2 =
1
22
2
( t ) 2t
b2 =
1
2 0,05 29,972
2
2 0,042
( 0,042)
b2 = 531,2125rad / det
b3 =
1
23
2
( t ) 2t
b3 =
1
2 0,05 38,205
2
2 0,042
( 0,042 )
b3 = 521,4113rad / det
1
2i
k =
2
( t ) 2t
= frekuensi natural
t = selisih waktu
= rasio redaman = 5 %
1
21
+
2
( t ) 2t
k1 =
0
k1 =
1
2 0,05 14,581
+
2
2 0,042
( 0,042)
k1 = 584,2517rad / det
k2 =
1
2 2
+
2
( t ) 2t
k2 =
1
2 0,05 29,972
+
2
2 0,042
( 0,042)
k 2 = 602,5744rad / det
k3 =
1
23
+
2
( t ) 2t
k3 =
1
2 0,05 38,205
+
2
2 0,042
( 0,042)
k3 = 612,3755rad / det