Monday April

th 14 ,

2014

Grab the worksheets as you enter Webpage EQs Spring Breaks?! Agenda
Review Feudalism Black Plague notes! Worksheet

The Black Death

 Feudal Society

What was Europe like prior to the PLAGUE?

Vikings Muslims

Invaders tried to take over from all areas

No central power for protection Feudalism develops as a way to organize society

Feudalism - Review
In a feudal society, what is the most valuable thing that you can own? What position or social class connects the King to the peasants?

The Famine of 1315-1317

By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land

they could cultivate. A population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.

Features of the Fourteenth century life encouraged the spread of the plague
Thatched roofs Straw on floors and in bedding Woolen clothing
provided nesting and food for infected black rats and fleas Household trash Livestock kept near or in home

Long distance Christian pilgrimages March of armies Nobles moving from manor to manor Crowded villages

The Arrival - The Culprits

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDwiLdEKyu0&feature=relmfu

The Disease Cycle

Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in fleas gut.

Human is infected!

Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.

Fleas gut clogged with bacteria.

The Symptoms
Buboes

Septicemic Form:
almost 100% mortality rate.
Attacks blood and brain - dead within 24 hours.

It Is No Great Matter [Whether the Cause is Heavenly or Earthly] if Only We May Know How to Resist It

Medical Knowledge at this time was helpless

3 document chart
What were widespread theories for the cause?

Actual Cause of the Plague:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

Fleas on rats, fleas on rats

Medical Treatments

Lancing a Buboe

Attempts to Stop the Plague

A Doctors Robe

Leeching

Widespread Ideas for Protection

Whats your favorite piece of 14th century advice on what to do to avoid becoming ill with the plague?

The Mortality Rate 35% - 70%

38,000,000 dead !!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqxfjG_imzA&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Historical Impact
Short Term
Labor Shortage Mini-boom in the Slave Trade Wages and therefore standard of living rose Emergence of Flagellants Persecution of Jews Rise of vernacular languages Decay of Latin because teachers and clergy died Loss faith in the church allows for later breakdown

Historical Impact
Long Term
Establishment of government-controlled public health boards
Government better reaction and help than church

Use of quarantine University-oriented training for medical professional Change in settlement patterns
Eastward migration of Jewish communities fleeing the plague and the accompanying persecutions

Increased tension between upper and lower classes

Led to uprisings Peasant Rebellion in England 1381

Loss of confidence in Church and political authorities

Legacies of the Crisis

 Arts

Cultural Effects

Painting of plague-protecting saints Dance of Death Anti-Authoritarian attitudesmore innovative Began to write in vernacular languages, not just Latin, the language of the Church

Violence
Twice as many homicides occurred in England in the 20 year period after 1349 than between 1320 and 1340, even though the population had drastically declined.

From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

Medieval Art & the Plague

Medieval Art & the Plague

Bring out your dead!

Medieval Art & the Plague

An obsession with death.

The Danse Macabre

Death Triumphant: A Major Artistic Theme

Political Effects
Breakdown of Feudal Society had a lasting effect
Many nobles and vassals were killed allowing kings to create nation-states

Discredit of Leaders in Society

Medical, and religious authorities who had clearly failed their social functions of protecting the welfare of people

Nation-State- an early development of a country; smaller than a nation, larger than a state.

Political Effects
As the church lost power and influence, monarchies (Kings) gained more control over the people that they protected
Kings raised taxes to wage wars (England & France wont stop fighting over land!)

Nobles revolted against the King and forced the King of England to agree to the Magna Carta: guaranteed basic political rights to the people.

Political Effects: The Magna Carta

The Magna Carta included rights like
1) no taxation without representation 2) a jury trail 3) prosecution of the law not just the church or King!
The Magna Carta was used to strengthen the idea that the monarchs power was limited and not absolute!

Economic Effects
Immediate Effect: huge death toll created labor shortage
No one to farm, build, bury the dead, etc.

Labor shortages led to a rise in prices

Serfs demanded higher pay, and began to revolt

Religious Effects
The Great Schism: 2 popes, the church splits,
weakens.

The Crusades: Christians vs. Muslims, Europe

acquires knowledge Universities Vernacular language

The Spanish Inquisition: Monarchs use religion

to gain power & unify Spain

The Great Schism

The Great Schism, or split in the Church, weakened the political power and influence over the Catholic Church and Western Europe
The King of France persuades Cardinals (people who choose the pope) to pick a French pope Why? French Pope Clement V moved from Rome to Avignon, France
Weakens the power of the papal office How?

The Great Schism

Cardinals want to move the pope back to Rome. In the process, the current pope (Gregory XI) dies on the move. Cardinals scramble, listen to the people and elect Pope Urban VI Bad move, Cardinals. Cardinals elect a second pope, Robert of Geneva Popes excommunicate each other. One lives in France. One lives in Rome. Papacy goes back to normal in 1417 The Great Schism resulted in the greatest loss of political power for the Catholic Church

The Crusades
Contact with Byzantine and Muslims libraries that housed ancient Greek texts (Socrates, Aristotle) brought a new interested in knowledge and learning
(science, philosophy, law, mathematics, navigation, weaponry)

From this universities start to develop. As more people study, vernacular language, or everyday language replaces Latin when reading, writing, speaking, etc.
The common man has access to information that was once exclusive to priests/church

The Spanish Inquisition

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand used the Catholic Church to gain power and unified Spain under Christianity
During the Crusades, Spanish Muslims outnumbered Christians.

I & F Created the Inquisition (court) and used their power to suppress heresy (people speaking against the church) which outlawed anyone whos beliefs went against Christianity
The Spanish Inquisition expelled all Muslims and Jews from Spain and unified Spain

Social Effects
The Feudal System was dismantled
With few serfs left they were free to leave the lords land to find work

Literacy rates increase

Vernacular language becomes more commonly spoken throughout society

Social Effects
Land, the primary source of wealth, became worthless
Money became important Middle-class grew, nobles declined

Anti-Semitism grew
Flagellants killed 8,000 Jews- 200 in one day Witches and lepers also became scapegoats

Attempts to Stop the Plague

Flagellanti:
Self-inflicted penance for our sins!

Attempts to Stop the Plague

Pograms against the Jews

Jew hat

Golden Circle obligatory badge

In time, the social upheaval of the post Plague years, the questioning attitudes, and increased individualism, all lead to the greatest flowering of culture and knowledge in European history the Renaissance. The Renaissance in Italy shows the extraordinary resilience of human society, a tenacity and creative energy that sustained it through the Plagues darkest years. It was as if Europe had suddenly switched off and then back on again and the Black Death had done that.