35

- , , ,

, , ,
, ,
, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glazgov
, Barcelona Strategic Urban Systems,
, ,
-, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,

, ,

, ,

, ,
, , ,
- , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, Glasgonj Caledonian University, Glazgov
, ,
, ,
,
,
, ,
- University College Dublin, School of Geography, Planning and
Environmental Policy, Dablin
,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, , ,

, , , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , ,

A e , ,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Lepenski_Vir_%282%29.JPG

, -
,
11000 , 73/II
: 011/ 3370-091, 3370-185, 3370-203, e-mail: mp@iaus.ac.rs

35
, 2012.
. , .

....................................................................... ..........................................................

3-9

: post scriptum...............................................

10-21

.......................... ,

22-33

........................ , ,

34-41

-
. .....................................................................

43-51

.....................................................................................

53-57

- -
.....................................................................................

71-72

, 1
: , .............................................

73-74

1
: . , . , . ............................................

59-69

?
,
.........................................................................................................................................

III

75

RESPAG 2013

.

( ), /:

Minimalist theories in architecture are still developing in this

century. Vladimir Stevanovi, the author of the text Minimalist
theories in architecture: post scriptum, analyzes the specific
theories of minimalism and defines them as post scriptum
because they have developed after the formative period of
architectural discourse on minimalism. This work is a continuation
of his work Formative period of minimalist theorization in
architecture, published in the previous issue. The topic of
minimalism in architecture is still in the focus of attention of
many world theoreticians of architecture, as well as in our
country, and this magazine allows further discussion about the
important and new views and hypotheses.
In the domain of spatial and sectoral planning, two articles
deal with waters of the Danube, which are attractive tourism
resources, valued by applying the FAS technology. Criteria have
been suggested for the selection of nautical points significant for
the development of nautical tourism and nautical infrastructure.
The second article discusses the possibility of developing a
methodology approach for landscape planning in the light of the
ratification of the European Landscape Convention, through the
example of HPP Djerdap.

The new column Contributions to the history of urban planning

in Serbia, which was launched with the interview with Miodrag
Ferenak, continues in this issue with Kosta Kosti, the projectleader of Changes and Ammendments to the Belgrade General
Plan from 1985. Responding to the questions regarding the
history of urban planning, the author reflects in a unique way
upon the role and significance of urban planning throughout
different periods.This interview, together with the previous one,
opens up the serial on how the main leaders in urban planning
pass their experiences onto the younger professionals. What has
been the influence of politics on urban planning, and what is the
relation between the profession and politics are only some of the
questions that have been answered in this interview.
Djordje Alfirevi, the author of a series of interviews on the topic
Is there expressionism in Serbian architecture?, seeks answers from
reputable Serbian architects by asking them the same question.
For his interviewees he has chosen architects whose works are
considered to have elements or signs of expressionist creation.
It is interesting to learn different interpretations of the esthetic
categories of expression, expressiveness and expressionism in
architecture in Serbia. Discussions on this topic will continue in
the next issue of this journal.
Mila Pucar

. ,
: post scriptum,

post scriptum,
.

,
.

, ,
,
.
,
,
FAS .


.

,
.
,
,
,
1985. .
,

.
, ,

.
,
.
,
?,

.

.

,
.
.

.
Lunuganga

UDK: 72.038.42
ID BROJ: 194408972
, DOI:10.5937/arhurb1235003S

:
POST SCRIPTUM
*
: 2012, : 2012.

THEORIES OF MINIMALISM IN ARCHITECTURE:

POST SCRIPTUM

XX ,

,
.
,
.
.

,
post scriptum,

. XXI ,

:
minimal art
. ,
: 1)
- ,

, ,
; 2)



.
: minimal art, ,
, ,

Abstract
Owing to the period of intensive development in the last
decade of XX century, architectural phenomenon called
Minimalism in Architecture was remembered as the Style of the
Nineties, which is characterized, morphologically speaking,
by simplicity and formal reduction. Simultaneously with its
development in practice, on a theoretical level several dominant
interpretative models were able to establish themselves.
The new millennium and time distance bring new problems;
therefore this paper represents a discussion on specific
theorization related to Minimalism in Architecture that can bear
the designation of post scriptum, because their development
starts after the constitutional period of architectural minimalist
discourse. In XXI century theories, the problem of definition of
minimalism remains important topic, approached by theorists
through resolving on the axis: Modernism Minimal Art
Postmodernism Minimalism in Architecture. With regard to
this, analyzed texts can be categorized in two groups: 1) texts
of affirmative nature and historical-associative approach in
which minimalism is identified with anything that is simple
and reduced, in an idealizing manner, relied mostly on the
existing hypotheses; 2) critically oriented texts, in which authors
reconsider adequacy of the very term minimalism in the
context of architecture and take a metacritical attitude towards
previous texts.
Keywords: minimal art, soft modernism, neomodernism,
supermodernism, postmodern minimalism

*

wladimirstevanovic@gmail.com

 35/2012/ 3-9/ : post scriptum

1. , , , ,
, ... anything goes

Minimalisms (Anatxu
Zabalbeascoa, Javier R. Marcos) Architettura minimalista
(Franco Bertoni)
: 1)
,
,
; 2)
(Zabalbeascoa, Marcos, 2000; Bertoni, 2002).
(John
Pawson) Minimum, ,
,
,

(Pawson, 1996). ,
,

.1 :
1) ,
,

; 2)
;
3)
, , ,
, .



,
,
: .
(Maggie Toy)

,

zeitgeist,

, (Toy, 1999:7; Zabalbeascoa,
Marcos 2000:7).
,

, .
, ,
. ,
: 1) ,
1

: 1)
; 2)
wabi, , .
,
-
; 3)
.

( , )
; 2) ,

. ,
,

, .

: 1) ,
, ,
; 2) ,
.

, ,
.
:
, , ,
,
-

, mainstream
.
2. revival/survival

,
.
:
(
)2
. ,

.


,
,

. (Vittorio Gregotti)
, ,
(Gregotti,
1988:8).
,
/
. , London minimum

2

The new moderns, twenties revivalism i London

minimum : , . (2012):
,
34, . 68.

 35/2012/ 3-9/ : post scriptum

.
lifestyle ,
.
,
, (Avon,
Vragnaz, 1988:32).

.
(Hans Ibelings) (John Macarthur)
(Ibelings, 1988; Macarthur,
2002).
( ),
3 (Macarthur 2002:146,
2005:106). (less
is more, monolitic architecture, light construction)
.
/
,

(Ibelings, 1998:51).

,
.
,
(Zabalbeascoa, Marcos 2000:14).

,
.
, ,

,
(Ibelings,
1998:33-41). ,

,
/.
,
,
,
, .

3.
wallpaper* ization


. ,

. ,
,
: 1) ,
,
; 2) () ;
3) . ,
: 1)
,
; 2)
, ,
.


. ,
.
,
,

. ,
/
,

(. 1) (Ibelings, 1998). (Charles Jencks)

,
, (Jencks, 2002).
,

(so called
minimalist architecture, 2002:137)

.

. 1.
, Industriel Berliner, , 19861990.
Fig.1.
Dominique Perrault, Hotel Industriel Berliner, Paris, 19861990.
http://www.operacity.jp/ag/exh123/e/introduction.html

 35/2012/ 3-9/ : post scriptum

,
(degree zero minimalism).
,

.
: ,
,
.4
,
,

(Macarthur, 2002:137). ,
,
, .
,
.
lifestyle5 ,
,
,
, ,
.

. /
, -
,
.
(Mike Grimshaw)
. ,

lifestyle . Wallpaper*ization
(Grimshaw, 2004).
(soft modernism),
, ,
, . ,
, casual :
-,
.
,
.
,

.
- (oy, 2000).
,
, .
6

,
,

, .
(Ilka&Anders Ruby),


(I&A. Ruby, 2003:22).
,
,
,
(Bertoni,
2006:94).
4. Minimal art

XX

(Donald Judd), (Robert
Moriss), (Dan Flavin), (Carl Andre)
(Robert Smithson).
minimal art-
,

minimal art-, , , ,
.6
,
.
,
(Hall Foster)
minimal art-

(Foster, 1986). ,

- .




, :
(Clement Greenberg)7
.
, minimal art

Wallpaper* .
,
(Obendorf, H. (2009): Minimalism in architecture in Minimalism: Designing Simplicity, Obendorf, H., London, Springer-Verlag, pp. 5456; VanEenoo, C. (2011):
Minimalism in Art and Design: Concept, influences, implications and perspectives, Journal of Fine and Studio Art 2/1, pp. 712), (Celant,
G. (1988): La scultura, unarchitettura non abitabile, Rassegna 36/4, pp. 1628; Kuspit, D. (1988): La versione minimalista dellarte non-oggettiva, Rassegna 36/4, pp.
3849).
7
, .
, , . ,
. medium specific
. flatness i apstraktan . : Battcock, G. ed. (1968): Minimal Art: A
Crtical Anthology, NewYork, Dutton; Meyer, J. (2000): Minimalism, London, Phaidon
6

 35/2012/ 3-9/ : post scriptum

. , (Philip
Ursprung) ,
(Ruby et al, 2003:7)
minimal art- : 1)


,
, (what you see is
what you see); 2) (
, )

.
- ,
.

. Minimal art ,

(. 2), .
,

.
,

:

? (Macarthur,
2005:106).
.
8
. minimal art-


,
(). ,
,
: 1) ;
2) ,

(. 3).
,
, ,
.
(Rosallind Krauss)

,
:
? (Krauss,
1996:134; Macarthur, 2000:48) ,
9 :
,
.

. 2.
, Quinta do Lago, , 1989.
Fig. 2.
Eduardo Souto de Moura, Casa de Quinta do Lago, Algrave, 1989.
http://imoportugal.pt/Moradia-T5-Quinta-do-Lago-Almancil-Loule245d392b-09e2-4126-bccf-b7a17d8111ef.html

. 3.
, Equivalent VIII ,
Tate Galery, , 1972.
Fig. 3.
Carl Andre, Equivalent VIII foundly known as the Rile of bricks, Tate
Galery, London, 1972.
http://www.claireantrobus.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/eq8.jpg

, ,
. ,
, - .
9
: Merleay-Ponty, M. (1978): Fenomenologija percepcije, , IPV. Maslea; Pallasmaa, J. (2005): The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the
Senses, New York, John Wiley; Holl, S., Pallasmaa, J., Prez-Gmez, A. (2006): Questions of perception: phenomenology of architecture, San Francisco, William Stout
Publishers

 35/2012/ 3-9/ : post scriptum

. 4.
, , , 1982.
Fig. 4.
Alberto Campo Baeza, Nursery school, Alicante, 1982.
Pizza, A., (ed), (1999): Alberto Campo Baeza: Works and projects,
Milano, Electa, p. 52.

,
a priori (Ibelings,
1988:89, 94).
,
, ,
,
10.

, ,
.
, (Alberto C. Baeza),
,
(. 4) (Baeza,
2009). (Mark Linder)



(Linder,
2004:4). ,

minimal art .11 ,
minimal art-
, ,
.

5.
Post scriptum
.

, (, 2001:31)

: 1)
; 2) ,
;
3) .

- :

, ,
. ,
,
revival ?
,

. New Directions in Contemporary
Architecture, (Puglisi L. Prestinenza)
, ,
(Francis H. Mallgrave, David Goodman) An

: 1)
; 2) ,
(, 2012:68, Zabalbeascoa, Marcos, 2000:107).
11
minimal art (Richard Wollhaim)
. . ,
minimal art: (Marcel Duchamp), (Robert Rauschenberg) (Ad Reinhard).
: Wollheim, R. (1965): Minimal Art , Arts Magazine, January 1965, pp. 2632.
10

 35/2012/ 3-9/ : post scriptum

introduction to architectural theory: 1968 to the present

: 1)

; 2)
; 3)

(Prestineza, 2008; Mallgrave, Goodman, 2011).
, ,

, , ,
-
. ,
.

, .
.

6.
Avon, A., G. Vragnaz (1988): Aspetti del minimalismo in
architettura, Rassegna 36/4, pp. 2938.
Gregotti, V. (1988): Editoriale - Minimal, Rassegna 36/4, pp. 48.
Bertoni, F. (2002): Architettura minimalista, Firenze, La Biblioteca
Bertoni, F. (2006): Design minimalista e Claudio Silvestrin, Zbornik
Muzeja primewene umetnosti 02, pp. 9196.
Bobi, M. (2001): Arhitektura dvadesetog veka (5) Minimum,
Vreme 527, p. 31.
Foster, H. (1986): The Crux of Minimalism, in Individuals: A Selected
History of Contemporary Art 19451986, Los Angeles, Museum
of Contemporary Art, pp. 162183.
Grimmer V., M. Mrduqa and A. Rusan (2009): To Be Apstract
Doesnt Mean to Be Minimalist: interview with architect Alberto
Campo Baeza, ORIS online 55
http://oa.upm.es/6812/2/INVE_MEM_2010_74846.pdf
Grimshaw, M. (2004): Soft Modernism - The World of the PostTheoretical Designer, Ctheory.net 140, http://www.ctheory.
net/articles.aspx?id=418#_ednref24
Ibelings, H. (1988): Supermodernism, Rotterdam, NAi Publishers
Linder, M. (2004): Nothing less than literal: architecture after
minimalism, Cambridge, The MIT Press
Jencks, C. (2002): The New Paradigm in Architecture, London, New
Haven, Yale University Press
Krauss, R. (1996): The grid, the /cloud/, and the detail in Presence
of Mies, Detlef Mertins (ed), New York, Princeton Architecural
Press, pp. 134146.
Macarthur, J. (2000): The Look of the Object, Assemblage: A Critical
Journal of Architecture and Design Culture 41, p. 48.
Macarthur, J. (2002): The Look of the Object: Minimalism in Art and
Architecture, Then and Now, Architectural Theory Review 7/1,
pp. 137148.
Macarthur, J. (2005): The Nomenclature of Style: Brutalism,
Minimalism, Art History and Visual Style in Architecture Journals,
Architectural Theory Review 10/2, pp. 100108.
Mallgrave, H. F., D. Goodman (2011): Minimalisms, in An
introduction to architectural theory: 1968 to the present, Oxford,
Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 194215.
Pawson, J. (1996): Minimum, London, Phaidon
Prestinenza, P. L. (2008): New Directions in Contemporary
Architecture, London, John Wiley& Sons, Ltd, pp. 5155, 8587.
Ruby, I., et al. (2003): Minimal Architecture, Munich, Prestel
Stevanovi, V. (2012): Konstitutivni period teoretizacije
minimalizma u arhitekturi, Arhitektura i urbanizam 34, str.
6671.
Toy, M. (1999): Editorial - Aspects of Minimal Architecture II,
Architectural Design Profile 139, p. 7.
Toy, M. (2000): Practically Minimal, London, Thames and Hudson
Zabalbeascoa, A., J. R. Marcos (2000): Minimalisms, Barcelona,
Editorial Gustavo Gili

UDK:711(497.11) ; 502.131.1:338.48(497.11 )
ID BROJ: 194409740
, DOI: 10.5937/arhurb1235010M

,* **
: 2012, : 2012.

POTENTIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AT

DANUBE IN SERBIA

10

:
VII

.
, ,
.
UNWTO

.
,
.

,


.

,

.



.



,
,
.

,

.
: VII,
, ,
,
- .

Summary:
The importance of Corridor VII for tourism development in spatial
planning and sector planning for tourism has been presented.
The key tourism assets, primarily Danube and natural and
cultural heritage assets along its coastal area are identified.
Based on the FAS methodology (UNWTO) the attractiveness of
identified key tourism assets is evaluated. The results of this
evaluation indicate there is still more factors than attractors,
the least developed are the man-made attractors, while the
natural attractors are underdeveloped. Based on identified
tourism assets and their attractiveness the differentiation of
Danube and its coastal area into three highly valuable zones are
proposed. Bearing in mind that potential tourism attractiveness
of identified factors and attractors has not yet been realized,
necessary actions for activating and sustainable development
of three proposed tourism zones are suggested. Therefore the
criteria for nautical infrastructure prioritization, as well as criteria
for urban and rural tourism centers differentiation at Danube
coastal area are defined. The paper indicates the priority actions
for sustainable tourism development, namely the upgrading of
tourist presentation and interpretation in order to achieve the
potential attractiveness of tourism assets, supported with their
better accessibility, as well as development of tourism products,
integration and diversification of tourism offer at Danube and
along its coastal area. One of the key problems for achieving
sustainable tourism development are insufficient institutional
arrangements that need to be changed and improved for Danube
primary tourism destination management in Serbia.
Key words: Corridor VII, attractiveness of tourism assets, spatial
differentiation of tourism development, criteria for setting tourism
development priorities, governance arrangements.

* ,
, e-mail: mmaksin@sinigdunum.ac.rs
** , ,
, e-mail: sasam@iaus.ac.rs
1

(..36036).

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/

1.
VII,
,

-80 (588 km,
2415 km)

.

.

(,
),
.
VII, . ,
.
VII



. ,
,
. ,

.

.


.

,


.
,

.

,

,
.

2. VII


(-- ) , -
( :
, - ).

.
,
,
( ), ( ),
( ), ,
, . ,
5350 m3 , 42%
,
( I II)
, 3
(-) II.

VII ( 80 )

, ,
,
.
,


III/IV , II II
, ,
-
.
VII

X
( , , , ,
.)
( I II , ,
,
).

,

, ,
VII
. VII ,
.
24 .


.

11

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/

-
VIc ,
- VII .
II
( ),
,
II,
VII .
,

.
VII
,

, ,
.


.
(
) ,


,
.
, , , ,
, , , ,
, .

,

.
54
(16 38 ).
,
(60 ), (10 )
(25 ).
.

12

. 1.


Fig.1.
Primary tourism destinations along Danube
in Serbia
:
,
, 2010.
Source: Temathic map Spatial structure of primary
tourism areas in Serbia, Draft version Spatial Plan
of the Republic of Serbia, 2010

3.

3.1.



.
2010. 2020.
, ,

(, 2010).
: ,
, (
)
(
),
, ,

(. 1).
2014. : ,
(
) (touring)
VII ( ,
/).

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/

( , 2011).
,

,
, ( , 2011:138, 139).
(2006)

: .

, : ,
. ,
:
, , .
,
(2009)
.

,
: .


, ,
,


.
( )


(-, , 2001)

/


.
3.2.

:


;
-

, ,
,
,
;

35 19
,
77 km2 230
;

(, , ),
,
(, ),
(, , , , , ,
)
;
(

) .

()
.


,

.

,
.


;
,
; ,
, .
,

(, , .),
,
.
( , ).

( )
, ,
,
(
-80 ,
2010).
17
(. 2), :
( ),
( ),
( ),
( , , ,
- )
25 .

13

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/

.2.

Fig.2
Natural assets at Danube coastal area
: ,
-80 ( VII),
,
, 2010.
Source: Map Special purpose areas, Concpet Spatial Plan for Corrdior VII Special
Purpose Area, Institute for Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia, Public
Enterprise Office for Urban Planning of Vojvodina, 2010

,
,
,

14

(
),
15 (., . 2).

.
:
(IBA, Important Bird Areas)
, , , ,
, , ,
, , ;
(IPA, Important
Plant Areas) ,
, , -
, , , ,
, -;
(PBA, Prime Butterfly
Areas) , ,
; EMERALD (Emerald Networ of Areas
of Special Conservation Interest AcCI) ,
, , - ,
, ,

;
, -

(List of Wetlands of International Importance of the Convention
on Wetlands);
UNESCO
(MaB) ,
; ,

;

(Tentative List) UNESCO ;
(
-), ,
( /

Portile de Fier ).

,
,

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/

.
1186
.
140
(11% , . 2) 374
(43%). 31
( ) 89
( ).
(Tentative List)UNESCO

2010. .

( ,
, , ,
, ).


: , , ,
, ,
, .

(.).

100 km ,
,

.

( : , 2010)
?


, ,

, .
.
.
2008. 380.000
,
,
13,4% 51.000 (Danube Tourist
Commission, 2009), 2011.
58.000 (, 2011).


,

.

,
.


, 2012. ,

.
3.3.

(Factors Attractors Support)
UNWTO (2010), ,
. ,
( man-made)
.


,

15

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/

.
( , ,
, )
( ,
, ),

.
, (
)
.
,
1 5
( : , /
, .)

1 5 ( : ,
,
).

(. 1).
1 5
,
.


,

.

.

.

.
,
( ).

1.
FAS
Table 1
Attractor assessment according to the FAS methodology

1.
2.
16

1.
2.

4.0
3.0
3. 5

1.0
1.5
1.25

3. 5
3.7
1.0
2.7

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

,
(. 3),

( )
.
3.5
,
.
.
,
, ,
()
.
( UNESCO, . 4)
,


.

(
)
,
(
). 3.7
.

(: Diagnostic of Rural Tourism in Serbia, Master
Plan for Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia, 2011).

, 2009. 2010.
10.000 (
, 2010, 2011).

, .
1.25

( , , , ,
).

*
Exit
Beer fest

4.0
3.5
3.0
3.25
4.0
4.5
3.7

* UNESCO
.
: 1-5, 1 , 5
.

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/
2.
FAS
Table 2
Natural factor assessment according to the FAS methodology

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

**

**
*

5.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
2.5
2.0
3.6

(. 2).

(
)
.
, ,

,
. ,


(: ., 2011).
?


.
, ,


.


.

( :
., 2011). ,


, /
( , ,
, ,
, / ), ,
.

* ,
-
.
**
(Tentative List) UNESCO .
: Diagnostic of Rural Tourism in Serbia, Master Plan
of Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in Serbia, UNWTO, 2011, pp. 32.

4.




,
(. 2). ,
,
(
)
,

.
, (
-- ),
.
,
, ,

.
:
, ;

; (Spa, Wellness)
;
(, , , );
( EXIT), + MIC- ,
( ).
, ,
- ,
, ,
- ,
,
(
) .

17

 , , 35/2012/ 10-21/

. 3.

Fig.3.
erdap gorge

18

- .
, -
( - -),
. (
220 km ).
( )

(
" ").
:
() -

,
; () , ,
,
: , ,
,
- ( ) ; () ,
,
.
, (
- ) ,

.
: ()
; ()
I II; ()
, , , ,
, - ,
.; ()

-

; ()

( ,
,
).
Portile de
Fier (
-80 ,
2010).


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Danube Facts and figures 2008 (2009), Danube Tourist Commission,

http://w w w.danubesalesmanual.com/download.php,
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godine (2010), Slubeni galsnik RS, Beograd, br. 88.
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urbanizam Srbije, Beograd
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21

UDK:712.2(497.11-751.2); 502.15:711(497.11-751.2)
ID BROJ: 194410252
, DOI:10.5937/arhurb1235022C

*, **, ***
: 2012, : 2012.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN
THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL
PARK DJERDAP

22

(European
Landscape Convention)
2011.

.
,



.


-, ,
, ,
,

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:

.

,
, ,
.
,
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,
, , :
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: ,
,
1

:
,
,
2011.

Abstract
Ratification of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) and its
entry into force after adoption of the Law on Ratification of the
European Landscape Convention in 2011. created in the Republic
of Serbia the conditions for further development of landscape
planning and management. Taking into account new
circumstances, the main aim of this paper is to determine the
place and coverage of the Study which will take into
consideration landscape planning and, as well formulate
recommendations for the development of a methodological
approach for landscape planning with special reference to spatial
planning.
As a result of the analysis of the existing legal and planning
framework, the paper stress potentials and as well limitations
and points out the necessity for creating the Action Plan for the
implementation of ELC which should, above all, clear up
misunderstandings and establish a framework - methodological
and procedural, for inclusion of landscape planning in the
process of urban and spatial planning in the Republic of Serbia.
The development of the information base with a parallel
development of institutional framework and capacity building
are emphasized as next steps.
As a contribution to the development of the methodological
approach within spatial planning, the work points out the
importance of preparing Study on landscape and, as an example
present the Spatial Plan of the Area of the Special Purposes of
the National Park erdap. For futher development of landscape
planning, as priority activities aiming the implementation of the
provisions of the ELC, are stressed the following: the
development of strategic documents, updating and
harmonization of the legal framework, the creation of bylaws,
manuals, establishing a framework and institutional framework
and education.
Key words: landscape planning, European Landscape Convention,
National Park erdap
* , ,
, e-mail: tijana@iaus.ac.rs
** , ,
, e-mail: sasam@iaus.ac.rs
*** , ,
, -mail: olja@iaus.ac.rs

. , . , . , 35/2012/ 22-33/

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Fig.1.
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landscapes within the
area of the SPASP NP
Djerdap schematic
view

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:
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Jellema, A., D. J. Stobbelaar, J. C. J. Groot, W. A. H. Rossing
(2009) Landscape character assessment using region growing
techniques in geographical information systems, Journal of
Environmental Management, 90, pr. 161174.
Zakon o ratifikaciji Evropske Konvencije o predelu 2011. godine,
Sl. glasnik RS Meunarodni ugovori, br.4/2011
Zakon o zatiti prirode, Sl. glasnik RS, br. 36/2009 i 88/2010
Zakon o zatiti ivotne sredine, Sl. glasnik RS, 135/04 i 36/09
Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji, Sl .glasnik RS, br. 72/09, 81/2009,
64/2010, 24/2011
Zakon o stratekoj proceni uticaja, Sl. glasnik RS, br. 135/04 i
88/2010
Zakon o proceni uticaja na ivotnu sredinu, Sl. glasnik RS, br.
135/04 i 36/2009
Zakon o Prostornom planu Republike Srbije, Sl. glasnik RS, br.
88/10
Maksin-Mii, M. (2003) Some problems of integrating the
landscape planning into spatial and environmental planning in
Serbia, SPATIUM, Vol 9, pp. 2833
Maksin, M., M. Pucar, S. Miliji, M. Kora (2011) Odrivi razvoj
turizma u Evropskoj Uniji i Srbiji, Monografija, posebno izdanje,
Beograd, IAUS, br. 67
Nikoli, M. (up.), (2007): Renik srpskog jezika, Matica Srpska
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Framework, OECD
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objectives on the European Landscape Convention, u Proceedings
Landscape and Society, Ljubljana, Biotehnicki Fakultet
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planiranja, Republika agencija za prostorno planiranje
(RAPP), (2009): Strategija prostornog razvoja Republike Srbije
200920132020, www.rapp.gov.rs

,

,
. ,
,



. ,

,
, ,
,
.

The countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage,

Department of Landscape University of Sheffield and Land
Use Consultants, (2002): Landscape Character Assessment,
Guidance for England and Scotland
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prirode primeri iz prakse, Planska i normativna zatita
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predelima banjskih mesta u Srbiji sa posebnim osvrtom na
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and Sustainable Development
www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/landscape/default_en.asp

33

UDK:72.071.1 Bava D.
ID BROJ: 194410508
, DOI:10.5937/arhurb1235034D

*
: 2012, : 2012.

34

(Geoffrey Bawa 19192003),

,
,
.

,
. 2001.
. (Aga Khan Award for
Architecture, Special Chairman's Award).
, 38. ,

,

.
,

,
,
.

,
, ,
, .
,
.

.

ADJUSTMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURE TO THE

BIOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
on case study of the monsoon modernism of architect
Geoffrey Bawa
Abstract
Geoffrey Bawa (19192003), not well known in our
ambience, was Sri Lanka's most influential architect and
South Asia's leading guru of unique style, named tropical
architecture. The distinction of his work is outstanding
aesthetic sensitivity to site and context, especially to peculiar
climatic conditions and demands. For his architectural opus he
received in 2001 prestigious Aga Khan Award for Architecture,
Special Chairman's Award. Although he started to engage
in architecture late, in age of 38, soon he became a noted by
his inventiveness in forming new canons and prototypes of
modern architecture, based on traditional knowledge and
perfectly fitted in local surrounding. Bawa created sustainable
architecture even before the term started to be used and his
masterpieces broke down the barrier between inside and
outside space, designing of the interior and landscaping,
reducing the building to a series of scenic spaces separated
by courtyards and gardens. He is well known by his designs
for private villas and hotels, but his portfolio contains
public building, as schools and universities, new Sri Lankas
Parliament, sacral, office and industrial structures. Through
the presentation of several projects, the paper analyzes
his development path and basic characteristics of so called
monsoon modernism and special relationship to the bioclimatic conditions of the environment.
Keywords: modern architecture, context, climate, landscape,
traditional elements.

: , , ,
, .

* , . . .

, 30
natasa.danilovic@urbel.com

.., 35/2012/ 34-41/ , .

,
,


.

,
,

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, , (Frank Lloyd
Wright, Gaudi, Tadao Ando, Santiago Calatrava),
,
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1,
.


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, . (2007) Beyond Bawa. London, Thames and Hudson, 24 , ,

(Kerry Hill) , (Chelvadurai Awalendran).
2
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Galle). . .
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4
Carmen Gunesekera House (Colombo, 1958), Strathspey Estate Bungalow (Upcott, 1959) Bishops College Classrooms, (Colombo, 1959), Upali Wijewardene House
(Colombo, 1959), A.S.H. de Silva House (Galle, 1959)
5
(Ulrik Plesner), 19591966.

35

.., 35/2012/ 22-29/ , .

,
,
,
( , ).

,

,
,
(Mies van der Rohe)
. ,

, .
, ,

(Robson, 2002).

. 1.
.
Fig.1.
Architect Geffrey Bawa

. 2, 3.

Fig.2, 3.
Lunuganga Estate

36

,6
1948. 1997. ., 2006. .
.
, 10 ha,
,
.
, ,
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6
7

Lunuganga, Bentota. http://www.lunuganga.com/

Gallery Caf, 2 Alfred House Road, Colombo http://www.paradiseroad.lk/

.
,
(Bawa, Bon, Sansoni, 2006).
,
, 7.

,
.
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.., 35/2012/ 22-29/ , .

. 47.

,
Fig. 47.
Former architectural office in Colombo,
todays gallery Caf

.., 35/2012/ 34-41/ , .

,
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(Brawne, 1995). ,
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38

Blue Water Hotel, Wadduwa, 1996. http://www.bluewatersrilanka.com

.., 35/2012/ 34-41/ , .

, ,
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,
(Barbara Sansoni)9,
.
. 817.
Blue Water ,
Wadduwa, ,

Fig. 817.
Blue Water Hotel, Wadduwa,
airy lobby, water and vistas

39

Barefoot. http://barefootceylon.com/

.., 35/2012/ 34-41/ , .

(Beira Lake),
, 65
. 10, 1985. . ,
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40

10 Seema Malakaya temple, Beira Lake, Colombo

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Fig. 1823
Seema Malakaya temple, modern and
traditional in the same tim

Bawa, G., Ch. Bon, D. Sansoni (2006): Lunuganga, Singapore,

Marshall Cavendish
Brawne, M. (1995): Paradise Found, London, Architectural
Review, Dec. 1995.
Nakamura, T. (1982): The Architecture of Geoffrey Bawa,
Architecture & Urbanism (A+U) 141.
Robson, D. (2002): Bawa the complete works, London, Thames
and Hudson
Robson, D. (2007): Beyond Bawa, London, Thames and Hudson
Vavan Vuelji, S. (2009): Analiza mogunosti poveanja energetske
efikasnosti zgrada primenom fazno-promenljivih materijala,
Arhitektura i urbanizam, 27, str. 78-87.
Kosori, V. (2011): iveti blie okruenju, Arhitektura i urbanizam,
32, str. 16-26.
Pucar, M. (2006): Bioklimatska arhitektura, Beograd, Posebna
izdanja IAUS, 45.

. 1, 2 3 , ,
''Geoffrey Bawa Trust'', http://www.
geoffreybawa.com/.
.

41

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Blue Water Hotel

42

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.

The Dominant ideas of the Master plan,

year 1985.
BIOGRAPHY
Konstantin Kosti was born in 1943. in Sombor.
He studied at the University of Architecture in
1962. graduated in 1968. During his
specialization in 1974. he studied at the John
Hopkins University, Baltimore USA. He got his
Master's degree in 1979.
In 1970. he got a job in the redaction of Our
Home revue. In 1972. he worked in The
Belgrade Institute of Urbanism, in such positions
as urban planning and projecting, and
organization of the urbanistic service.
He participated in the making of various plans
and projects. The following are the most
important ones:
2011. Poject concept of building st. Hristofors
monastery in Misloin the author;
2006. The Slankamen University center the architectural
urbanistic design concept the author;
1993. A concept of the development of Belgrade after the year of
2000 conception and syntheses;
19852003. Realization of the MP, year 1985 the coordinator;
1985. The program for social and economic development of
Belgrade from 1986. to 1995. or, in case of certain areas, year 2000
(a plan divided into stages);
1985. Changes and adjunctions of the MP
conception and syntheses;
1984. The MP of Lazarevac a town planner;
1983. A draft for the Adis Ababa assignment accompanied by a
fellow architect, Kosta Karamata;
1982. The MP of Sopot, program and variants of spatial
development - conception and syntheses;
1981. The spatial plan of Belgrade, The Goals of
development planner.
1980. MP of Barajevo conception and syntheses;
1976. DU plan of the harbour industrial area in Belgrade the
planner;
19721976 DU plans of several city housing estates in Belgrade
(Cerak Vinogradi, the VI community center in Vodovac, Veliki
Mokri Lug, studies, analysis).
With his work related to the planning of Belgrade, from urbanictic
and technical conditions to detailed and regulatory plans (that also
include a Master plan and a Spatial plan), as well as his work on the
organizing of the Urban Service, his whole engagement with the
urban planning of the city was encircled.

43




- 1951. ., - 1972. .
- 1985. .
,

.
- 1985. .,
.
-
, .
,

. ,

44

Summary
The interview concerns a contemplation of urbanistic
development of the post world war Belgrade, with analogies to
the MP from 1951, one from 1972 and finally, the alteration and
change of the MP from the 1985 The greatest growth of Belgrade
occurred after the war, but lacking continuity in the forming of
urbanistic conceptions in the plans for the past 50 years. The
circumstances under which the alterations and adjunctions of the
MP in 1985 were made have been described, as well as the
approach used for salving the issue of the building of the city, and
its development.
The changes and adjunctions of the MP differ in conceptions from
the previous plans, especially in the way of thinking the works
themselves through. The already existent state was approved
instead of planning changes of the general directions in which
the development is going. On that basis, a conception of well
measured development was formed. A reduction of building
space was planned, instead of the extensive spreading. Also, a
polycentric city, with the primary city centre, along with seven
subcenters and local centers. The traffic was to be regulated
through upgrading and improving the already existent system,
joined with a coordinated development of all possible means of
transport that include a planned building of the first phase of the
subway. The new infrastructure was meant to match the planned
development of the city and reconstruction and equipping of predeveloped areas.
The ways of planning out a city have been pointed out, along with
the ties between urbanism and politics, the influence of politics to
urbanism and the attitude the profession maintained towards
politics.
An evaluation of the quality of the planners solutions is to be
estimated by researchers of urbanism history.

.
,
.


.
,
.
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.

.

. .

1985. . .
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-,
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.
,

.
The translation of this interview is an attempt to pass the
emmense knowledge and experience of Konstantin Kosti, RA on
to knew generations of urbanists. He is certainly capable of
transferring it, having been an active part of the events, and the
person responsible for the extensions of the 1985 master plan. We
tried to illustrate the architects thinking up of urbanism through
historiographic questioning, with a largely retrospective view of
the before mentioned plan, while avoiding to make comments on
the events, and on the goals of the next master plan. It was also
our wish (with the previous and, hopefully, the next interview), to
commence a sequence of transferring the primary authorities
experience in the area of urban planning to young experts. The
turbulent times of transition which our country is currently going
through, requires us to hear out people with various political
opinions, along with just how that reflects urban planning.

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Plan of Belgrade,
1972.

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