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KERTAS 2

M3thematlcaf Formulae and Facts

j:i:i:;::::i,:.
:

1.

Gradient of a distance-time graph

_
=

change in distance change in time


speed perubahan jarak perubahan masa

Speed

Laju

Kecerunem graf jarak-masa

= laju
Distance

Time
Masa

Jarak

Acceleration

Pecutan

=-ll t

3. Area under a speed-time graph

= distance travelled
Time Masa

Luas di bawah graf laju-masa - jarak yang dilalui


Speed

La.iu
)

Speed =

Laju

Gradient of a speed-time graph

_ change in speed
change in time

= rate of change of speed

Time
Masa
I

= acceleration
Kecerunan graf laj u-masa perubahan laju = perubahan masa

Jarak yang ditalu,'= ,(u

Distance

travellec

+ c)(a)

= kadar perubahan laju

pecutan

4.

Average speed =

Purata laju = masa yang diambil

distance travelled time taken jctrak yang dilalui

193

Bahagian ffi

ffiffiffi Quantity Represented by the Gradient of a Graph

ffi
1

Quantity Represented by the Area under a Graph


Diagram 5 shows the speed-time graph of a particle for a period of r seconds. Rajah 5 menunjukkan graf laju-masa bagi suatu zarah dal.am tempoh t saat.
Speed (m

SPM 20o5 Question 10

s-t;

Ittju (m s-t)

Time (s)
Masa (s)

Diagram 5
Rajah
5

@ @

(a) State the length of time, in s, that the particle moves with uniform speed. Nyatakan tempoh masa, dalam s, zarah itu bergerak dengan laju seragam.

(b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ffi s-2, in the first 5 seconds. Hitungkan kadar perubahan laju, dalam m s-2, dalam tempoh 5 saat yang pertama.

(c) Calculate the value of r, if the total distance travelled for the period of / seconds is 148 metres. Hitungkan nilai t, jika jumlah jarak yang dilalui dalam tempoh t saat itu ialah 148 meter.
16 marksl
16

markahl

Answer/"Iawapan: (a)

(b)

(c)

194

SPM

mG

2 Diagram 4 shows the speed-time

Question 9

Raiah 4 menuniukkan graf laiu-masa bagi pergerakan satu zarah


Speed (m s-t; l,aju (m s-1)

graph for the movement of a particle for a period of 20 seconds.

aihm

tempoh 2b saat.

Time (s)
Masa (s)

o',.ff:il0
(a) State the uniform

speed, in m s-1, of the particle. Nyotakan laju sereryam, d.alam m s-1, zarah iti.

(b) The distance travelled by the particle with uniform speed is 84 m. l$fi1 Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah itu dengan laju seragam ialah g4 m.
Calculate
Hitungkan

(i) (ii)

the value of /, nilai t, the average speed, in.m s-1, of the particle for the period of 20 seconds. purata laju, dalam ffi S-1, zarah itu dalam tempoh 20 saai.
16 marksl
16

markahl

Answer/.Iawapan:
(a)

(b) (i)

(ii)

195

SPM 2@7 Question 10

3 Diagram

5 shows the distance-time graph of the journey of a bus and a taxi. Raiah 5 menunjukkan graf jarak-masa bagi perjalanan sebuah bas dan sebuah teksi.
Distance I Jarak (km)

Town B
Bandar

90

30

Town A
Bartdttr

Time (minutes)
Masa (minit)

Dtagram 5

The graph PQRS represents the journey of the bus from town A to town B. The graph JK represents the journey of the taxi from town B to town A. The bus leaves town A and the taxi leaves town B at the same time and they travel along the same road. Graf PQRS mewakili perjalanan bas itu dari bandar A ke bandar B. Graf JK mewakili perjalanan teksi itu dari bandar B ke bandar A. Bas itu bertolak dari bandar A dan teksi itu pula bertolak dari bandar B pada waktu yang sama dan melalui jalan yang sama.

(a) State the length of time, in minutes, during which the bus is stationary.
Nyotakan tempoh masa, dalam minit, bas itu berhenti.

(b)

(i) If the journey starts at 9.00 &.ffi., at what time do the vehicles meet?
Jika perialanan itu bermula jam 9.00 a.m., pukul berapakah kedua-dua kenderaan itu bertemu?

(ii)

Find the distance, in km, from town B when the vehicles meet. Cari jarak, dalamkm, dari bandar B bila kedua-dua kenderaan itu bertemu.

(c) Calculate the average speed, in km h-1, of the bus for the whole journey. Hitung purata laju, dalam kn j-t, bas itu bagi keseluruhan perjalanan.
15 marks) [5 markah]

Answer/Jawapan: (a)

(b) (i)
(ii )

(c)

196

SPM

2W

Question 9

Diagram 9 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a period of / seconds. Rajah 9 menunjukkan graf laju-masa bagi pergerakan suatu zarah dalam tempoh t saat.
Speed (m

s-t;

lttiu (m s-t)

Dragram 9

(a) State the uniform speed, in m s-1, of the particle. @ Nyotakan laju seragam, dalam ffi S-1, zarah itu. (b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in m s-2, of the particle in the first 4 seconds.

Gi

Hitung kadar perubahan laju, dalam m

s-2,

zarah itu dalam 4 saat pertama.

Gll

(c) The total distance travelled in r seconds is 184 metres.


Calculate the value of
Hitung nilai
t.

r.

Jumlah jarak yang dilalui dalarn t saat ialah 184 meter. 16 marksl

[6 markah]
Answer/-/awapan: (a)

(b)

(c)

t97

SPM

mg Question 11 5 Diagram 11 shows a speed-time


Rajah

ll

graph for the movement of a particle for a period of 27 seconds. menunjukkan graf laju-masa bagi pergerakan suatu zoroi dalam tr*poi 27 saat.
Speed (m s-1) l,aju (m s-1)

Time (s)
Masa (s)

Diagram
Raiah 1l

11

Junzlah

The total distance travelled by the particle is 361 m. jarak yang dilal.ui oleh zarah itu ialah 361 m.

($fi1 Hitung kadar perubahan laju, dalam

speed, in m s-1, of the particle for the perio d of 21 seconds. cari purata laju, dalam ffi s-1, zarah itu dalam tempoh 27 saat. (b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in m s-2, of the particle in the last 12 seconds.

(a) Find the average

S-2,

zarah itu pada 12 saat terakhir.

(c) Calculate the value of GF Hitung nilai v.

y. 16 nrurksl
16

markahl

AnswerlJawapan:
(a)

(b)

(c)

198

SPM 2o10 Question 10

6 (a) Diagram

10 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of two particles, P and Q for of 25 s and , s respectively. The graph ABC represents the movement of particle P. The graph DE represents the movement of particle e. Raiah l0 menunjukkan graf laju-masa bagi pergerakan dua zarah, P dan Q dalam tempoh 25 s dan t s masing-masing. Graf ABC menunjukkan pergerakan zarah P. Graf DE menunjukkan pergerakan
a period zarah Q.
Speed (m s-') l^tlu (m s-t)

25t

Time (s)
Masa (s)

",;:;:frlo

(i) (ii)

State the uniform speed, in m s-1, of particle p. Nyatakan laju seragam, dalam m s-1, zarah p. Calculate the rate of change of speed, in m s-2, of particle P for the last Hitung kadar perubahan laju, dalam ffi s-2, zarah P dalam lO s terakhir.

l0

s.

19 It is given @ particle P.

that the distance travelled by particle Q is equal to the distance travelled by


r.

Calculate the value of

Diberi bahawa jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah Q adalah sama dengan jarak yang dilalui oleh z.arah p. Hitung nilai t.
16 marksf
16 markah)

Answer/"/awapan:

(a) (i)

(ii)

(b)

199

SPM

7 Diagram

Question 11 11 shows the speed-time graphs of the movement of two particles, P and Q, for a period of T seconds. The graph MA represents the movement of P and the graph MBCD r.p."r.rts the movement of Q. Both particles start at the same point and move along the same route. Raiah 71 menuniukkan graf laiu-ffiasa bagi pergerakan dua zarah, P dan Q, dalam tempoh T saat. Graf MA mewakili pergerakan P dan graf MBCD mewakili pergerakan Q. Kedua-dua zarah bermula dari titik yang sama dan melalui laluan yang sama.
Speed (m s-t) Laju (m s-t)

2olf

Time (s)
Masa (s)

o'ff;ll,"'
(a) State the uniform speed, in m s-1, of particle Q. @ Nyotakan laju seragam, dalam ffi s-1, zarah Q. (b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in m s-2, of particle Qin the first 5 seconds. Gll Hitung kadar perubahan laju, dalam ffi S-2, bagi zarah Q dalam 5 saat yang pertama. (c) At T seconds, the difference between the distance travelled by P and Q is 27 m. @ Calculate the value of T.
Hitung nilai
Pada T saat, beza antara jarak yang clilalui oleh P dan Q ialah 27 m.
T.

16 marksl

[6 markah)
Answer/"/awapan: (a)

(b)

(c)

200

REVIEWAND
KERTAS 2
*r;,:ry4

(a)

. . (b) . . 1 ' ' (c) . Total distance travelled by the particle for the period of f seconds : Et"d under the speed' time graph for the period of r . Seconds
i

The horizontal part of the speed-time graph shows the duratton during which the particle moves with a uniform speed. Rate of change of speed : gradient of the speed-time graph _ change in speed change in time

(a) Uniform speed = 14 m s-; (b) (i) Distance travelled = 84 m (t-t2)(14)=84

t-12=6 /= 18
(ii) Total distance travelled = total area under the graph
=

Lpt + t4)(12)+

84 +

*rr-

18)(14)

=222+84+14 =320m

(a) (b)

Length of time
Rate of change

12

=7

seconds
s

9-1 = 5-0
8

of speed in rhe first 5

]ff*,_:""'
I,.l.l'
(a)

=ims-2or1.6ms-2

(c)

Speed (m s-,)

Time (s)

Total distance travelled = 148 m Area of trapezium A + area of rectangle B + area of trapezium C = total distance travelled

!<,

+ eX5) + (7)(s)

* t<, + 2t)(t * t2) = 148 25+63+l5t-180=148 l5r-92=148


t=16

l5t = 240
i-]-T,.'ffi

(a) .

(b)

The horizontal part of the speed-time graph shows the duration during which the particle moves with a uniform speed. (i) . The distance travelled by the parricle with a uniform speed is the area under the horizontal part of the graph.
Average

graph shows the duration during which the , vehicle is stationary. . (b) (D . ln the distance-time graph, a point on , I the graph represents the location of the , lehicle in relation to town A or town B ' at any given time. . When the distances of the two vehicles i : from town A are the same, the two r graphs intersect. The two graphs intersect . 40 minutes after the starting time of , [oth vehicles so the vehicles meet at . 9.40 a.m. (ii) . From the graph, it can be seen the , Vehicles meet 30 km from town A, that , . is 60 km from town B. (c) . Average speed of the bus for the whole total distance travelled JoUroe! : total time taken . Convert l5O minutes to hours. . Alternative method: Average speed : # 60

The horizontal part of the

distance-time

:90 t 60 150 :36 km h-l


(a) (b)
Length of time = 65 - 30 = 35 minutes (i) Time that the vehicles meet = 9.00 a.m. + 40 minutes = 9.40 a.m.

(ii) .

speed:

total distance travelled total time taken

Total distance travelled

*,

area under the graph

_:

201

(ii) Distance from town B when the vehicles

(c)

meet=90_30 =60km
speed

6 (a) (i) Uniform


_- 12

speed

of paticle p

150 minutes = (150 + 60) hours = 2.5 hours

m s-I (ii) Rate of change of speed of particle p in


the last

.'. Average

90km
2.5 h

l0 seconds 0_12_ 25_15

= 36 km h*l

=-J2 10
=

4 (a)
(b)

_ 20_12 _8
4

Rate of change of speed in the first 4

Uniform speed = 20 m s-l

-a5

m s-2

or -l.Zm

s-2

(b)
s

Disrance travelled by particle

= distance travelled by particle p

4_0

{r,rool=}trs /.
8t = 240

+25)(t2)

(c)

=2ms-2
I

/=30

Total distance = lg4 m

702

+ 2o)(4) + (r - 4)(20)=

184

7 (a) Uniform
(b)
first 5

speed of particle

64+20t-80=194
20t = 2gg

Rate of change of speed of particle


seconds

e = lg m s-l e in

the

/= 10

5 (a)

Average speed of the particle


__
361_

_ 18_0 5_0
= -19
5

27

,^10 13* m s-l or '13.37 --J.J ' m rtt s-l


27
t

^3 m s-2 or 3.6 m = 3i s-2

(b)

(c)
s

_ 0_ t6
=_16
t2

Rate of change of speed in the last 12

- distance
[]rsxr8)

Distance travelled by particle e travelled by particl e p

27_15

(r- s)(rr,] -

= 27 m

f]rnauf = r,
9T=72

4-1 =_Tms_
(c) Total distance 361 m =
I

45+187-90 -97=),1 9T-45=27 7=


tsxl6) = 361
5v = 195
8

it

u+

yX10) + (15

- 10X16) *|<zt-

80+5u+80+96=361
v =21

202

+*ii*-Bii-t, {,

FORM 5
'.F:
:i),+

..,i11,

':il

,r.;.,,, r'l

KERTAS

:r:::::::: :rr]

lMathematical Formulae and Facts

Il

,i ,. i:
li
ri

Probability of event A =
febarangkalian peristiwa A

number of times event A occurs

,r*b". .f t.i"t.
_
bilangan kali berlaku peristiwa A
bilangan percubaan

P(A)

n(A)
,?(s)

Complement of event A = all the outcomes in the sample space that are not the outcomes of event A Peristiwa pelengkap bagi peristiwa A = semua kesudahan dalam ruang sampel yang bukan kesudahan peristiwa A

P(A')=1-P(A)
.: ,. -i. ,,,. , "
.,..
,

mi
SPM

Probability of an Event

SPM

1 A container holds 28 yellow marbles and


anumber of green marbles. A marble is picked at random from the container. The probability

M Question 35 2 A box contains 4 .1 " 8'

Questron 35

red marbles, 2 white marbles and a number of blue marbles. A marble is chosen at random from the box. The probability of choosing a white marble Find the probability of choosing a
marble.
Sebuah kotak mengondungi 4 biji guli merah, 2 biji guli putih dan beberapa biji guli biru. Sebiji guli dipilih secara rawak daripada kotak itu. Kebarangkalian bahawa sebiji guli putih dipilih

of picking a yellow marble ir


container?
Sebuah bekas mengandungi 28

How many green marbles are there in the

+.

blue

biji guli

kuning

dan beberapa

biji guli hijau. Sebiji guli dipilih

secara rawak daripada bekas itu. Kebarangkalian

mendapat guli kuning iahh

f,.

ialah

*. U
1

Berapakah bilangan guli hijau dalam bekas itu?

Cari kebarangkalian sebiji guli biru dipilih.

A4 B8

A+

B+
D+

D24
203

c2t

c+

SPM

3 A box contains
is chosen

Question ?1

48 cups. There are blue cups and white cups. A cup is chosen at random from the box. The probability that a blue cup

Sebuah bakul mengandungi 6 biji bola merah dan beberapa biji bola kuning. Sebiji bola

dipilih secara rawak daripada bakul itu. Kebarangkalian memilih sebiji bola kuning
iatah
I

i, !6'
I

How many blue cups need to be added to the box so that the probability that a blue cup is
chosen

Cari bilangan bola kuning di dalam bakul itu.

i.

A4

is;? L

c12

B9

D18
or the comPrement or

Sebuah kotak mengandungi

48 cowan yang terdiri daripada cawan biru dan cawan

putih. Sebiji cawan dipilih secara rawak dari kotak itu. Kebarangkalian sebiji cawan biru
dipitih iahh

ffi

L 6'
biru yang perlu

!;,1;31,1. SPM m7 Question 35 6 In a training session,


a goal in a trial

Ann has many trials to

Berapakah bilangan cawan sebiji cawan biru dipilih fahh

score a goal. The probability that Ann scores

ditamb ah ke dalam kot ak itu sup ay a ke b aran gknlian

A8

l? 2'

In 60 trials chosen randomly, how many times does Ann fail to score a goal?
Dalam satu sesi latihan, Ann membuat beberapa percubaan menjaringkan goL Kebarangkalian Ann menjaringkan gol ialah

it *.

B16

c24 D32
and

fi.

SPM

mg Question 36 4 There are 40 Mathematics books

Dalam 60 percubaan yang dipilih secara rawak, berapa kalikah Ann gagal menjaringkan gol?

a number of Science books on a book rack. The probability that a Science book is chosen at random from the rack rack?

A11
SPM

c33
m
Question 35

827 D49

i, I8'

How many Science books are there on the


Terdapat 40 buah buku Matematik dan beberapa buah buku Sains di sebuah rak buku. Kebarangkalian bahawa sebuah buku Sains dipilih secara rawak daripada rak itu
ialah
?

7 Diagram 17 shows 16 identical cubes, labelled X, Y and Z. Rajah l7 menunjukkan 16 kiub yang serupa
berlabel X, Y dan Z.

f.

Berapakah buku Sains yang ada di rak itu?

A15
D65
SPM

ff5"H{H
Diagram
Rajah
17
17

B24 c55 Nll


Question

cube is chosen at random. State the probability that the cube chosen is

5 A basket

4
,)

not labelled Y.
Sebuah kiub dipilih secara rawak. Nyatakan kebarangkalian bahawa kiub yang dipilih lrz bukan berlabel Y.

contains 6 red balls and a number of yellow balls. A ball is chosen at random from the basket. The probability of choosing
a yellow ball is

Find the number of yellow balls


the basket.

f.

A*

B*
o Di6

in

c*
204

SPM 2o10 Question &5

8 A box contains 100 oranges. If an orange is chosen at random from the box, the
probability

SPM

9 Diagram 13 shows a circular board which


is divided into 72 equal sectors and labelled with numbers.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan sekeping papan bulatan yang dibahagi kepada 12 sektor yang sama besar dan dilabel dengan nombor.

frll

Question 35

.2-. ls )

of

choosing

a rotten

orange

Find the number of oranges in the box which


are not rotten.
Sebuah kotak mengandungi 100 biji oren. Jika sebiji oren dipilih secara rawak daripada kotak itu, kebarangkalian memilih sebiji oren rosak

ialah

) 1. )

Cari bilangan oren yang tidak rosak di dalam


kotak itu.

A20
D60

840 c50

Diagram
Rajah

13

13

A pointer is placed at the centre of the board. The pointer is rotated about the centre of the board and will equally likely to stop at any
sector.

What is the probability that the pointer will not stopped in the sectors labelled 1? Satu jarum penunjuk diletakkan di pusat papan itu. Jarum penunjuk itu diputarkan pada pusat papan itu dan akan berhenti di mana-mana
sektor dengan kemungkinan yang sama. Apakah kebarangkalian bahawa jarum penunjuk itu tidak akan berhenti dalam sektor yang

berlabel l?

A
C

a
2

B+

D#

20s

KERTAS 2

Mlthematic_al Formulae and Facts

n(A B) ; 1. P(A or B) =- U
n(S)
t,

2.

P(A and

n(A

P(A atau B)

n(A

,?(s) n(s)

B)

B) P(A dan a7 =

n(s)

!(A !-B)

Bahagian A

ffi
SPM

Probability of a Combined Event

1 A group of 5 boys and 4 girls take part in a study

Question 9

on the type of plants found in a reserved forest area. Each day, two pupils are chosen at random to write a report. Sekumpulan 5 orang murid lelaki dan 4 orang murid perempuan menyertai satu kajian tentang jenis tumbuh-tumbuhan di sebuah kawasan hutan simpanan. Setiap hari dua orang murid dipitih secara mwak
untuk meny ediakan lap o ran.

(a) Calculate the probability that both pupils chosen to write the report on the first day are boys.
Hitungkan kebarangkalian bahawa kedua-dua orang murid yang dipilih untuk menyediakan laporan pada hari pertama ialah murid lelaki.

(b) Two boys do write the report on the first day. They

are then exempted from writing the report on the second day. Calculate the probability that both pupils chosen to write the report on the second day are of the same gender. Dua orang murid lelaki telah menyediakan laporan pada hari pertama. Kedua-dua orang murid ini

dikecualikan daripada menyediakan laporan pada hari kedua. Hitungkan kebarangkalian bahawa kedua-dua orang murid yang dipilih untuk menyediakan laporan pada hari kedua adalah sama jantina.

f5 marksl
L5

markahl

Answer/,Iawapan:
(a)

(b)

206

SPM

2 In a quiz contest, there are three categories of questions consisting of 5 questions on sports,

mO

Question 7

dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah kotak.

3 questions on entertainment and 7 questions on general knowledge. Each question is placed inside an envelope. All of the envelope, *i similar and put inside a box. All the participants of the quiz contest are requested to pick at random two envelopes from the box. Dalam suatu pertandingan kui7, terdapat tiga kategori soalan yang terdiri daripada 5 soalan sukan, 3 soalan hiburan dan 7 soalan pengetahuan am. Setiap soalan dimasukkan ke dalam sampul surat berasingan yang serupa. Semua sampul surat itu

Semua peserta kuiz dikehendaki memilih secara rawak dua sampul surat daripada kotak itu.

Find the probability that the tirst parricipants picks carikan kebarangkalian bahawa peserta pefiama memilih (a) the first envelope with a sports question and the second envelope with an entertainment
question,
sampul surat pertama mengandungi soalan sukan dan sampul surat keduamengandungi soalan hiburan,

(b) two envelopes with questions of the same category.


dua sampul surat mengandungi soalan kategori yang sama. 15 marks) [5 markah)

Answer/,Iawapan:
(a)

(b)

SPM

m7 Question 8 3 Diagram 4 shows ten labelled cards in two boxes.


Rajah 4 menunjukkan sepuluh kad yang berlabel di dalam dua kotak.

E
Box Q

Box P Kotak P Diagram 4


Raiah 4

Kotak Q

A card is picked at random from

each of the boxes.

Sekeping kad dipilih secara rawak daripada setiap kotak itu.

By listing the outcomes, find the probability that


Dengan menyenaraikan kesudahan, cari kebarangkalian bahawa

(a) both cards are labelled with a number,


kedua-dua kad dilabel dengan nombor,

(b) one card is labelled with a number and the other card is labelled with a letter.
sekeping kad dilabel dengan nombor dan kad yang satu lagi dilabel dengan huruf.

[5 marks] [5 markah)
207

Answer/"/awapan:

(a)

(b)

SPM

Question

1O

Diagram l0 shows three numbered cards in box P and two cards labelled with letters in box Q. Raiah l0 menuniukkan tiga kad nombor di dalam kotak P dan dua kad huruf di dalam kotak e.

trffiffi
PO
Diagram 10
Rajah l0

ffiffi
o

A card is picked at random from box P and then a card is picked at random from box Q.
kotak Q.

Satu kad dipilih secara rawak daripada kotak P dan kemudian satu kad pula dipilih secara rawak daripada

By listing the sample of all the possible outcomes of the event, find the probability that
Dengan menyenaraikan sampel bagi semua kesudahan peristiwa yang mungkin, cari kebarangkalian

(a) a card with an even number and the card labelled


satu kad nombor genap dan kad berlabelY dipilih, satu kad nombor gandaan 3 atau kad berlabel R dipilih.

are picked,

(b) a card with a number which is multiple of 3 or the card labelled R are picked.
15 marksl
15

markah)

Answer/,Iawapan:
(a)

(b)

208

SPM

mg

Questrbn 9

Diagram 9 shows five cards labelled with letters.


Rajah 9 menunjukkan lima kad yang berlabel dengan huruf.

trtrtrtrtr
Diagram 9
Rajah 9

All

these cards are put into a box. A two-letter code is to be formed by using any two of these cards. Two cards are picked at random, one after another, without replacement. Kesemua kad ini dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah kotak. Suatu kod dua huruf hendak dibentuk menggunakan mana-mana dua daripada kad ini. Dua kad dipilih secara rawak, satu persatu, tanpa dikembalikan.

(a) List all sample


S enaraikan

space.

ruang s ampe l.

(b) List all the outcomes of the events and find the probability that
Senaraikan semua kesudahan peristiwa dan cari kebarangkalian bahawa

(i) (ii)

the code begins with the letter M, kod itu bermula dengan huruf M, the code consists of two vowels or two consonants.
kod itu terdiri daripada dua vokal atau dua konsonan. 16 marksl

[6 markah)

Answerllawapan:
(a)

(b) (i)

(ii)

209

SPM

6 Diagram

nlo Question I

8.1 shows a disc which is divided into four equal sectors, A, B, C and D. The disc is fixed on the wall. A pointer is fixed at the centre of the disc. The pointer is spun twice. After each spin, the sector in which the pointer stops is recorded. (Assume that the pointer will stop at any one of the sectors) Raiah 8.1 menuniukkan sebuah piring yang telah dibahagikan kepada empat sektor yang sama, A, B, C dan D. Piring itu dilekatkan pada sebuah dinding. Sebatang peninjuk dilikatkan di tengah-tengah piring tersebut. Penuniuk itu diputarkan dua kali. Selepas setiap putaran, sektor di mana penunjuk itu birhenti
akan dicatatkan. (Anggap penunjuk akan berhenti pada mono-mana satu sektor)

Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1

(a) Diagram 8.2 in the answer

space shows the incomplete possible outcomes of the event. Complete the possible outcomes in Diagram 8.2.

Raiah8.2 di ruang iawapan menunjukkan kesudahan peristiwa yang mungkin, yang tidak lengkap.
Lengkapkan kesudahan peristiwa yang mungkin di Rajah 8.2.

(b) Using the complete possible outcomes in (a), find the probability that
Menggunakan senarai lengkap kesudahan di (a), cari kebarangkalian

(i) (ii)

the pointer stops at the same sector twice,


penunjuk berhenti dua kali pada sektor yang sama,

the pointer stops at sector C at least once. penunjuk berhenti sekurang-kurangnya sekali pada sektor

c.
15 marksl

[5 markahl

210

Answer/,Iawapan:
(a)

l-

r*, sp;

Second Spin
Putaran kedua

Outcomes
Kesudahan

Putaran pertama

B+ C+ D+ A+
D

Ar

tl

AA
AB AC

AD

BB BC

A
B C

CA

CC

B+
C
Diagram 8.2
Rajah 8.2

DA
DB
I

DD

(b) (i)

(ii)

2tl.

SPM

7 Table 10 shows the names of participants from the Science Society and the Mathematics Society
attending a camping programme. Jadual l0 menunjukkan nama peserta daripada Persatuan Sains dan Persatuan Matematikyang menghadiri
satu pro gram perkhemahan.

N||

Question

1O

,'Boys-

..

:ielffii, Ali
Bob

,-5.1
Nora
Rose

'

r.'

Pere,r,lpuan.

hfathcmaties $ociety,
Persatuan,Materuatik
l

Kumar

Suzi

Lina
T]!)L',!o

Two participants are required to give speeches at the end of the programme. Dua peserta dikehendaki memberi ucapan di akhir program itu.

(a) A participant is chosen at random from the Mathematics Society and then another participant
is chosen at random also from the Mathematics Society.
Seorang peserta dipilih secara rawak daripada Persatuan Matematik dan kemudian seorang peserta lagi dipilih secara rawak juga daripada Persatuan Matematik. List all the possible outcomes of the event in this sample space. Senaraikan semlta kesudahan peristiwa yang mungkin dalam ruang sampel ini.

(i)

(ii)

Hence, find the probability that a boy and a

girl are chosen.

Seterusnya, cari kebarangkalian bahawa seorang lelaki dan seorang perempuan dipilih.

(b) A participant is chosen at random from the boys group and then another participant is chosen
at random from the girls group.
Seorang peserta dipilih secara rawak daripada kumpulan lelaki dan kemudian seorang peserta lagi dipilih secara rawak daripada kumpulan perempuan.

(i) (ii)

List all the possible outcomes of the event in this sample

space.

Senaraikan semua kesudahan peristiwa yang mungkin dalam ruang sampel ini.

Hence, find the probability that both participants chosen are from the Science Society.
Seterusnya, cari kebarangkalian bahawa kedua-dua peserta yang Persatuan Sains.

dipilih adalah daripada


16 marks)
16

markahl

Answer/-/awapan:

(a)

(i)

(ii)

(b) (i)

(ii)

212

REVIEWAND
KERTAS 1 ]ffi . Probability of event A, p(A)

Let the number of Science books be x.

n(A)

-t =3 40+x 8
5x

Let the number of green marbles be x. P(yellow marble) '8 -

8x=120+3x = 120 x=24

f5

Answer: B

28 _7 2B+x g
32x=28+x

Let the number of yellow balls be x.

* x+6 =2 3

x=4
.'. Number of green marbles = 4 Answer: A

3x=2x+12 x=12
=
12

.'. Number of yellow balls Answer: C

ry

P(white marble)

number of white marbles


I

ry'P(A'):t-P(A)
!
8

P(white marble; = Total number of

P(Ann fails to score a goal) = 1 -

20

_1 marbles 8
16

=20

11

Total number of marbles =


Number of blue marbles

= 16 - 4 =10

1l r rn - 20'""
=33
Answer:
C

Number of times Ann fails to score a goal

.'. P(blue marble) =

#
8

__5 Answer:
C

P(cube is labelled Y7

't6 - J=|-

P(cube is not labelled Y)

Number of blue cupS=

|o

x +8
Answer:
D

_9
t6

=$
Let the number of blue cups to be added be x.
P(blue cup) =

J1

Probability of choosing an orange whichis notrotten

_1
J 5

2 5

8+x 48+x = 2
16+2x=48+x

2x-x=48-16 x-32

Number of oranges which are not rotten

.'. Number of blue cups to be added = 32


Answer: D

3 x100 - 5
=60
Answer: D

213

Total number of sectors = 12 P(stops in a sector labelled 1) 4


12

(a)

G --s

'*;*
l4

I
3

P(does not stop in a sector labelled


_t_^ -l

.1
3

t)

E-s -/2 r\-rg


7-G
5

2J
Answer:
C

t4

A--

KERTAS 2

"*;*
A
= Sports question E = Entertainment question G = General knowledge question
S

ry
,,

' , ,

Draw a tree diagram to solve the problem. The fraction in each branch indicates the probability of the event B or G occuring. (b) . Draw another tree diagram to show the probabilities after 2 boys are taken out. . Cive the answers in the simAle] form,
4

(a)

. .

P(first envelope with sports question and the second envelope with entertainment
question) = P(SE)

(a)

B<
G<

YU

s3 15

14

*-" *--'

=a 14
(b) P(two envelopes with questions of the same

P(both pupils are boys) = P(BB)

>"
yu
4\^
6 2

'"=?:;

category) = P(SS) +

54 98
5

ls 4\ 13 2\ *\G* 17 6\ =\rs"d*\E"A) 14) 6 =20 + *42


210'210'210
68 34
105

P(EE + P(GG)

18

210

(b)

r(
c{

(r

e.t'
)\ -c 6
B-boy G-girl

'ffi

. . .

List the sample space first. List the outcomes for (a) and (b).

Cive the answers in the simplest form.


,S

Sample space,

P(both pupils are of the same gender) = P(BB) + P(GG)

- | -2 -7'7
3

(+. ?) . (+, *)
7

= {(A, D), (A, 3), (A, E), (A, 4), (A, F), (A, G), (2, D), (2, 3), (2, E), (2, 4), (2, F), (2, G), (8, D), (B, 3), (B, E), (8, 4), (8, F), (B, G), (c, D), (c, 3), (c, E), (c, 4), (c, F), (c, G)) n(S) = 24

(a) {(2,3),

(2, 4)l P(both cards labelled with a number)

21 24

12

214

(b) {(A, 3), (A, 4), (2,D), (2,8), (2,F), (2, G),
(B, 3), (B, 4), (C, 3), (C, 4))
P(one card is labelled with a number and the other card is labelled with a letter)

(b) n(S)

(i)

= 16 {AA, BB, CC, DD}


P(pointer stops at the same sector twice)

=10_5 24 t2
4
Sample space, S

=4 t6 _l
4

= {(2,Y), (2, R), (3, Y), (3, R), (6, Y), (6, R)}
z(S) = 6

(ii) {AC, BC, CA, CB, CC, CD, DC}


P(pointer stops at sector C at least once)

(a) {(2, Y),

(6,

Y)}

P(even number and Y) =

4 =* '63
7 (a) (i)

_7
16

(b) {(3, Y),

(3, R), (6, Y), (6, R), (2, R)}

P(multiple of 3 or R) ,6 =9

(a) Sample space, S

- { (s, M), (s, D, (s, L), (s, E), (M, S),


(M, I), (M, L), (M, E), (I, S), (I, M), (I, L), (I, E), (L, S), (L, M), (L, I), (L, E), (E, S),

Sample space = {(Kumar, Rose), (Kumar, Suzi), (Kumar, Lina), (Rose, Suzi), (Rose, Lina), (Suzi, Lina))

(ii) {(Kumar, Rose), (Kumar, Suzi),


(Kumar, Lina) ) P(a boy and a girl)

(8, M), (8, I), (E, L))

(b)

n(S) = 29

_3
6

(i)

t(M, s), (M, I), (M, L), (M, E)) P(code begins with the letter M)

(ii) {(s, M), (s, L), (M, s), (M, L), (I, E),
(L, S), (L, M), (E, I))
P(code with two vowels or two consonants)

4 =! = 205 82

=l2
(b) (i)
Sample space = {(Ali, Nora), (Ali, Rose), (Ali, Suzi), (Ali, Lina), (Bob, Nora), (Bob, Rose), (Bob, Suzi), (Bob, Lina),

= 20 =T
(a)

(Kumar, Nora), (Kumar, Rose) (Kumar, Suzi), (Kumar, Lina) )

iF*Gt" lil;rd sp,nl l- o,,.-o,r* I

(ii) {(Ali, Nora), (Bob, Nora)}


P(both from the Science Society)

',,^*;+Hl
AB AC AD

AA

=2 t2
=1 6

BA
BB BC Btr}'

CA

eS'
CC
,G.St

'<'=ffit
DA
DB

DS

DD

215

KERTAS

Gil
SPM

Bearings
Question 16

North
Utara

North
Utara

Diagram

P and Q.
R aj a h 9 me

9 shows the positions of points


nunj ukkan ke dudukan t it ik p dan t it ik e. North Utara

4M

-V
I

MI
\,

SPM

3
Dragram 9

m7

Questrbn 16

Diagram 10 shows three points, p, on a horizontal plane. Rajah 1O menunjukkan tiga titik, p,

and R,

yang terletak pada suatu satah mengufuk.

e dan R,

Find the bearing of point P from point Q. Carikan bearing titik P dari titik Q. A 035" B 055. c 125" D 215"
SPM

mG

Question 17 P Diagram
10

Points M and N lie on a horizontal plane. The bearing of M from N is 060". Which of the following diagrams shows the positions of M and N? Titik M dan titik N terletak pada suatu satah mengufuk. Bearing M dari N ialah 060".
Ant a r a raj ah

Rajah l0

ikut, y an g man akah kedudukan M dan N?


ber

me

nunj ukkan

North
Utara

t.

It is given that Q lies due north of P and the bearing of R from Q is 075'. Find the bearing of P from R.
Diberi bahawa Q berada di utara P dan bearing R dari Q ialah 075o.
Cari bearing P dari
R.

North
Utara

A 049"
B 101' C 229" D 281"
216

-Y

SPM

Question 17

pada satah mengufuk.

Diagram l0 shows three pointso P, Q and R, on a horizontal plane. Rajah l0 menunjukkan tiga titik, P, Q dan R,
P

Find the bearing of Q from P. Cari bearing Q dari P. A 079.

102"

259" 292"

SPM 2011 Question 17

7 It is given that points F and G lie


a horizontal plane. The bearing of

on

OR

F from G

Diagram 10
Rajah lO

It is given that P is due north of Q.


Find the bearing of R from P. Diberi P berada ke utara Q. Cari bearing R dari P.

is 070'. Which diagram shows the correct locations of F and G? Diberi bahawa titik F dan titik G terletak pada
suatu satahmengffik. Bearing F dari G ialah070'.

Rajah manakah yang menunjukkan kedudulan


yang betul bagi F dan G?

A c
SPM

052
1040

B 076" D L28"

North
Utara

5 Ali leaves from P to Q which is at a bearing of 300" from P. Then he continues his
journey to R which is at a bearing of 210' from Q. Given ZQRP is 26', find the bearing of R from P. Ali bertolak dari P ke Q dengan bearing 300"
dari P. Kemudian dia meneruskan perjalanannya ke R yang berada pada bearing 2l0 dari Q.

Question 17

Diberi ZQRP ialah 26, cari bearing R dari

P.

A c
SPM

236"

124

B D

146
056'

nlo Question 17 6 Diagram 10 shows three points, P, Q and R,


on a horizontal plane. R lies due north of Q and the bearing of P from R is 216'. Rajah l0 menunjuklan tiga titik, P, Q dan R, yang terletak pada suatu satah mengufuk. R berada ke utara Q dan bearing P dari R ialah 216'.
R

North

F\i \

Utara

Diagram 10 Rajah l0

217

REVIEW AND ANSUTIEHS


KERTAS
1

4
QP.

Bearing of R from P

North

ry

. The bearing of point p from point

e is the angle measured from the North in a clockwise direction


angles of two parallel
5 North

. Using the sum of interior .l80',


lines is

of point Q to the line

-Q = 38o + 38" = 076


Answer: B
North

the bearing can be found.

Bearing of point P from point Q

=0

:;!3.
Answer: A
tr

- t4s"

ZQPR = 180o -26" -30'-60o =64" xo=180o*64"-60'=56o

.'. Bearing of R from P = . Civen that the bearing of M from rV is 060o, it means we draw the North arrow at N and measure the angle 60' from the North in the
clockwise direction to the line rVM.
orth -_

180o

+ 56o

236"

Answer: A
North

216"

tM
The diagram in C shows the positions of M
and N.

ZNPR = IQRP

Answer:

= 216" - 180' = 36" .'. Bearing of Q from P = ./.NPQ = 36o + 42o = 078o
Answer: A
North

ZQPR=75" -26" =49" IPRS=ZQPR=49" .'. Bearing of P from R = 0


=180o + 49" ,)roo

Answer:
C

The diagram in is 070'.


Answer: A

shows the bearing

F from G

218

Earth asl a Sphere


I

KERTAS

NUMSER. OF QUEST.IO.T{S

ffiffiffi Longitudes
SPM

P dan O ialah dua titik yang terletak pada


Khatulistiwa dan O ialah pusat bumi. Q terletak ke timur P. Longitud bagi P ialah 40" B dan

mS

Question 18

1 Diagram

1l

towns, A, B, C, the earth.

shows the positions of five D and X, on the surface of

zPoQ =

125". Q.

Cari longitud bagi

Rajah 11 menunjukkan kedudukan lima bandar, A, B, C, D dan X, pada permukaan bumi.

N/U

A 55'E 55" r c 140" E


I4O" T
SPM

B 85'E 85" r D 165" E


165" T

^A{"\\> \
D

50'N
U

60'W / S \
60"

I u
trI
W 20 8
20"
20" E
11

I 0'N
I

o"u

3 In Diagram 11, l/OS

Question 18

is the axis of the earth. PQ is a diameter of the parallel of latitude. Dalam Rajah 11, UOS ialah paksi bumi. PQ
ialah diameter selarian latitud.

qO"i

20"T

Diagram
Rajah

ll
Greenwich meridian
Meridian Greenwich

Which
of 40'?

of the towns, A, B, C or D, is
s

located east of X with difference in longitude

Antara bandar A, B, C dan D, yang manakah berada di timur X dengan beza longitud 40'?
SPM 2007 Question 18

Diagram 1l
Rajah

ll

2 P and O are two points on the Equator


zPoQ

and O is the centre of the earth. Q lies due east of P. The longitude of P is 40' W and

Find the longitude of P. Cari longitud P. A IO"W B 1O'E

l0'B
170"

Find the longitude of Q.

125".

l0'r

170" E
170" T

170" B

2r9

SPM

mg Question 18 4 In Diagram 9, N is the North

pole and S is the South Pole. The location of point p is (30' S, 80o I4f and POQ is a diameter of

SPM

mG

6 In Diagram 10, N is the North pole,

Question tB

S is the

the earth. Dalam Ra.jah 9, U ialah Kutub (Jtara dan S ialah Kutub Selatan. Kedudukan titik p ialah
(30',S, 80"
^B)

South Pole and O is the centre of the earth. R is the centre of the circle of latitude 30. N. Dalam Rajah 10, U ialah Kutub [Jtara, S ialah Kutub Selatan dan O ialah pusat bumi. R ialah pusat bulatan bagi latitud 30" U.
80" E

dan POQ ialah diameter bumi.

80'r

30'N 30'u

Diagram 9
Ra.jah 9

Diagram l0
Rajah 10

Find the longitude of Q.


Cari longitud
Q.

The position of point P is 150. W/t50. B


100" Eltoo" T
Kedudukan titik P ialah

A c

300 w/30"

80" E/90"

B T

B D

ffi
SPM

Location of a Place
S is the
SPM

E) B (15" S, l4O" E) (15" S, 140" T) T) (45' S, 20" E) D (45. S, r40" E) (45'S, 20" T) (45. S, l4O" T)
(l5o s, 20"
(15" S, 20"

M Question 17 5 In Diagram 10, N is the North Pole,

South Pole, NOS is the axis of the earth and PR is a diameter of the parallel of latitude. Dalam Rajah 10, U ialah Kutub Utara, S ialah Kutub Selatan, UOS ialah paksi bumi dan pR ialah diameter suatu selarian latitud.

7 In Diagram 1 l, N is the North Pole,

N7 Question 17

S is the South Pole and NOS is the axis of the earth. Dalam Rajah ll, U ialah Kutub (ltara, S ialah Kutub Selatan dan UOS ialah paksi bumi.

25'W
25" B

N/U

Equator Greenwich meridian


Meridian Greenwich Khatulistiwa

Diagram l0 Rajah l0

Diagram
Rajah
11

11

Find the position of point R. Carikan kedudukan titik R. A (40' N, 70" W) B (40" N, 70. E) (40" u,70' B) (40" U,70" T) (40'N, c 110" I4l) D (40" N, ll0" E) (40" u, 110" B) (40" u, I 10" r)
220

Find the position of point Q. Cari kedudukan titik Q. A (38" N, 15' E) B (39. N, 65" E) (38" U, 15'7) (39' U, 65" T) c (52" N, 15" E) D (52" N, 65" E) (52 U, 15" 7) (52" U, 65" T)

SPM

n10

8 In Diagram ll,

Question t8

P is a point on the earth. N is the North Pole, S is the South Fole and NOS is the axis of the earth. Dalam Rajah ll, P ialah titik di cttas permukaan
bumi. U ialah Kutub [ltara, S ialah Kutub Selatan dan UOS ialah paksi bumi.

Greenwich Meridian
Meridian Greenwich

N/U
Equator
Khatulistiwa

Greenwich Meridian Meridian Greenwich

Diagram I I
Rajah

ll
Greenwich

B (20'N, 130" O

Find the location of point P. Cari kedudukan titik P. A (2A" N,50. E) (20" u,50. o

Meridian

Meridian Greenwich

(20" u,130" D (70o N, 50. E)


(70o

u,50" 7)

D (70'N, 130. E)
(70" u,130'

r)
Greenwich

SPM

frll

Question 18

Meridian

9 N is the North Pole,

Meridian Greenwich

S is the South Pole and O is the centre of the earth. P and Q are two points on the equator. The longitude of p is 50' E and the longitude of Q is 70" W. Which diagram shows the correct locations of P and Q? U ialah Kutub Utara, S ialah Kutub Selatan dan O ialah pusat bumi. P dan Q ialah dua titik pada khatulistiwa. Longitud P ialah 50" T dan longitud Q ialah 70" B.

Rajah manakah yang menunjukkan kedudukan yang betul bagi P dan Q?

Greenwich Meridian Meridian Greenwich

221

KERTAS 2

$uBTOptc
i,a i,tfi;s;_ __ :_-: __ ^ r^^^r:^--t^hr^-^
9.3 Locationof ^o

i,aoos;

aooo

aooz

aoor

zom

-.-,
i

oA*ili;;;;. ih;da;;of*---l-_-ij-T--=l ,-- - i-;-l-.- l-; j-l*:-l-=:r,14; i,'3


_ , : r a : :

aplace

i i : i , I 1 ; I .1 j , - :i 5 i i - , q it -', - i -t,T i 1
; : i

_'l

l-: r : :i' :*

:-r:- -* :1 1

*,1

:
1

I
3 4

*t

I I

I
I

.t_
J 4 3 4

!
;

ii,4

:::

.::.r.:'::

r::.r..:. .::rlr:::1

...':'...:.

VtattfemajiC* fOfmUtagandFratr",

1. Distance between two points along a longitude = (0 x 60) nautical miles Jarak di antara dua titik sepanjang longitud - (0 x 6O) batu nautika ) Distance between two points along a latitude = (0 x 60 x cos o) nautical miles, where a is the latitude
Jarak di antara dua titik sepanjang latitud = (0 x 60 x kos a) batu nautika, dengan a ialah latitud 3. Shortestdistancebetweentwopointsonthesurfaceoftheearth = distance along a great circle connecting the points Jarak terpendek di antara dua titik sepanjang permukaan bumi - jarak sepanjang bulstan agung yang menghubungkan titik-titik itu

4. ,,

Average speed = distance travelled time taken


Purata laiu

iarak Yang 4ilalYi ffiasa yang diambil

Bahagian B

ffi
I

ffiffi
SPM

Longitudes Location of a ptace


Questrbn 16

ffi

Distance on the Surface of the Earth

ffi

Table 3 shows the latitudes and longitudes of four points, J, K, L and M, on the surface of the earth. Jadual 3 menunjukkan latitud dan longitud empat titik, l, K, L dan M, di permukaan bumi.

Point Titik
J

Latitude Intitud 20" N


20" u

Longitude
Longitud

25" E
250 T

K
L

xoS
xoS

25" E
25" T

20" N 20" u

y"w
y"B

30's
300 s Table 3
Jadual
3

y"w
y"B

)))

Grl

(a) P is

a point on the surface of the earth such that JP is the diamerer of the earth. State the position of P ialah titik di permukaan bumi dengan keadaan JP iatah diameter bumi.

P.

lz marksl
12

Nyatakan kedudukan

P.

markah)

GA

(b) Calculate
Himngknn

(i) (ii)

the value of x, if the distance from J to K measured along the meridian is 4 200 nautical miles, nilai x, iika iarak dari J ke K diukur sepanjang meridian ialah 4 200 batu nautika, the value of y, if the distance from J due west to L measured along the common parallel of latitude is 3 270 nautical miles. nilai y, iika iarak dari J arah ke barat ke L diukur sepanjang selarian latitud sepunya ialah
3 270 batu nautika.

[7 marks]
17

markahl

tlD and then due south to M.

(c) An aeroplane took off from .I and flew

due west to

L along the common parallel of latitude

flight.

If

Sebuah kapal terbang berlepas dari J arah ke barat ke L mengikut selarian latitud sepunya dan kemudiai terbang arah ke selatan ke M.

the average speed for the whole flight is 600 knots, calculate the time taken for the whole 13 marksl

Jika purata laju seluruh penerbangan kapal terbang itu ialah 60O knot, hitungkan masa yang diambit untuk seluruh penerbangan itu. 13 markahl

Answer/,Iawapan:
(a)

(b) (i)

(ii)

(c)

223

SPM

Questrbn 16

Diagram 9 shows four points, P, Q,, R and X, on the surface of the earth. P lies on longitude of 80' W. QR is the diameter of the parallel of latitude of 50o N. X lies 5 820 nautical miles due
south of P. Rajah 9 menuniukkan empat titik, P, Q, R dan X, di permukaan bumi. P terletak pada longitud 80" B. QR ialah diameter selarian latitud 50' U. X terletak 5 820 batu nautika ke selatan P.

N/U

s Dngram 9

(a) Find the position of

l$S

R. Carikan kedudukan bagi R.

13 marksl
13

markahl

(b) Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical miles, from Q to R, measured along the surface [2 marks] @l of the earth.
Hitungkan jarak terpendek, dalam batu nautika, dari Q ke R, diukur sepanjang permukaan bumi. 12 markahl

(c) Find the latitude of X.

[3 marks]
13

Carikan latitud bagi X.

markahl

(d) An aeroplane took off from P and flew due west to R along the parallel of latitude with @ an average speed of 600 knots. Calculate the time, in hours, taken for the flight. 14 marksl
Sebuah kapal terbang berlepas dari P arah ke barat ke R mengikut selarian latitud sepunya dengan purata laju 600 knot.

Hitungkan masa, dalam jam, penerbangan itu.

[4 markah)

Answer/,Iawapan: (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

224

SPM

m7 Question 14 3 P(65' N, 40" W, Q65' N, 60" D, R and V are four points on the surface of the earth. PR is the
diameter of the parallel of latitude 65o N. P(65' U, 40o B), Q(65" U, 60 7), R dan V adalah empat titik pada permukaan bumi. PR ialah diameter selarian latilud 65" U.

(a)

(i) (ii)

State the longitude of R.


Nyatakan longitud bagi R.

Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical mile, from P to R measured along the surface

of the earth. Hitung jarak terpendek, dalam batu nautika, dari P ke R diukur sepanjang permukaan bumi. 14 marksJ 14 markahl

(b) Vlies

south of Q and the distance VQmeasured along the surface of the earth is 4 500 nautical

mile. Calculate the latitude of


V terletak ke selatan Q dan

V.
jarak

[3 marks]
VQ diukur sepctnjang permukaan bumi ialah 4 500 batu nautika.
L3

Hitung latitud bagi

V.

markah)

(c) An

aeroplane took off from P and flew due east to Q and then flew due south to V. The average speed for the whole flight was 550 knots. Sebuah kapal terbang berlepas dari P arah ke timur ke Q dan kemudian terbang arah ke selatan ke V. Purata laju seluruh penerbangan kapal terbang itu ialah 550 knot. Calculate Hitung

(i) (ii)

the distance, in nautical mile, taken by the aeroplane from P to Q measured along the common parallel of latitude, jarak, dalam batu nautika, yang dilalui oleh kapal terbang itu dari P ke Q diukur sepanjang
selarian latitud sepunya,

the total time, in hours, taken for the whole flight. jumlah mesa, dalam jam,yang diambil bagi seluruh penerbangan itu.

[5 marks)
15

markahl

Answer/.Iawapan:

(a) (i) (ii)


(b)

(c) (i)
(ii)

225

SPM

4 P(53" N, 84' W), Q63"

Question 16

N,, 25" W), R and V are four points on the surface of the earth. PR is the diameter of the parallel of latitude of 53" N. P(53' U, 84 8), Q63" U, 25" B), R dan V adalah empat titik di atas permukaan bumi. PR ialah diameter selarian latitud 53' U.

(@

(a)

State the location of R.


wyotakan kedudukan bagi R.

[3 marlcs)
13

markahJ

(b) Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical mile, from P to R measured along the surface of

ttre earth. [2 marksl Hitung jarak terpendek, dalam batu nautika, dari P ke R diukur sepanjang permukaan bumi.
12

markahl

GA

(c) Calculate the distance, in nautical mile, from P due east to Q measured along the common
parallel of

latitude.

13 marksl

Hitung jarak, dalam batu nautika, dari P arah timur ke Q diukur sepanjang selarian latitud sepunya. 13 markah)

(d) An aeroplane took off from Q and flew due south to V. The average speed of the flight @l a2gknots and the time taken ,ru, o| hours.
dan masa yang diambil untuk penerbangan itu ialah

was

Sebuah kapal terbang berlepas dari Q arah ke selatan ke V. Purata laju penerbangan itu ialah 420 knot

O| io*.

Calculate Hitung

(i) (ii)

the distance, in nautical mile, from Q to V measured along the meridian, jarak, dalam batu nautika, dari Q ke V diukur sepanjang meridian, the latitude of V.
latitud bagi
V.

[4 marks]
14

markahl

Answer/,/awapan:
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (i)

(ii)

226

SPM

mg Question 16 5 Diagram 16 shows the locations of three points, P, Q and R, on the surface of the earth. O is the
centre of the earth. The longitude of P is 95'E. Rajah 16 menunjukkan kedudukan tiga titik, P, Q dan R pada permukaan bumi. O ialah pusat bumi. Longitud bagi P ialah 95" T.

Equator
Khatulistiwa

s
Diagram (a)
16

Rajah 16

@ @ (c) @ @

(i)

State the latitude of Q. Nyatakan latitud bagi Q.

(ii)

State the location of R. Nyatakan kedudukan bagi R.


14 marksl

[4 markah]

(b) V lies 2 460 nautical miles due south of P. Calculate the latitude of V.
V terletak 2 460 batu nautika ke selatan P. Hitung latitud bagi V.

13 marksl
13

markahl

Calculate the distance, in nautical mile, from P due west to Q measured along the common parallel of latitude. [3 marks) Hitung jarak, dalam batu nautika, dari P arah ke barat ke Q diukur sepanjang selarian latitud

sepunya.

13

markah)

(d) An aeroplane took off from P and flew due south to V. The time taken for the flight is 5 hours. Calculate the average speed, in knot, for the whole flight. [2 marks] Sebuah kapal terbang berlepas dari P arah ke selatan ke V. Masa untuk penerbongan itu ialah 5 jam. Hitung purata laju, dalam knot, bagi seluruh penerbangan itu. 12 markah)
Answer/.Iawapan:

(a) (i)

(ii)

(b)

(c)

(d)

227

SPM

NlO Question

16

6 P(40' ,S, 50o W, Q@Oo ,S, 30o E), R and V are four points on the surface of the earth. PR is a diameter
of the earth. P(40" S, 50" B), Q(40" S, 30" T), R dan V adalah empat titik pada permukaan bumi. PR ialah diameter bumi.

(a) State the longitude of R. 12 marksl IED Nyotakan longitud bagi R. 12 markahl (b) Calculate the distance, in nautical mile, from P due east to Q measured along the common @ parallel of latitude of 40' S. 13 marksl

Hitung jarak, dalam batu nautika, dari P arah ke timur ke Q diukur sepanjang selarian latitud sepunya 40" s. [3 markah]

(c) V lies due north of P and the shortest distance from P to V measured along the surface of the GEI earth is 1 500 nautical miles. Calculate the latitude of V. 14 marks) V terletak ke utara P dan jarak terpendek dari P ke V diukur sepanjang permukaan bumi ialah I 500
batu nautika.

Hitung latitud bagi

V.

14

markah)

(d) An aeroplane took off from Q and flew due west to P along the common parallel of latitude @ and then flew due north to V. The average speed for the whole flight was 500 knots. Calculate the total time, in hours, taken for the whole flight. 13 marksl
Sebuah kapal terbang berlepas dari Q dan terbang arah ke barat ke P di sepanjang selarian latitud sepunya dqn kemudian terbang arah ke utara ke V. Purata laju kapal terbang bagi seluruh penerbangan itu ialah 500 knot. Hitung jumlah masa, dalam jam, yang diambil bagi seluruh penerbangan itu. [3 markah]

AnswerlJawapan:
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

228

SPM

7 G(40'

Nll

Question 16

S, 70o D, H(40o S, 100o E), a diameter of the earth.


G(40" S, 70o T), H(40"

J and K are four points on the surface of the earth. G/

is

l@

E 100" T), J dan K adalah (a) State the location of point J.


Nyrtakan kedudukan titik
J.

empat titik di permukaan bumi. GJ ialah diameter bumi. 13 marks) [3 markah]

(b) Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical mile, from G to the South Pole measured along @ ,t surface of the earth. t 2 markil

" jarak terpendek, dalam batu nautika, dqri G ke Kutub Selatan diukur sepanjang permukaan Hitung

bumi.

[2 markahl
13 marks)
13 markahT

(c) l( is 5 700 nautical miles due north of H measured along the surface of the earth. @ Catculate the latitude of K.
K adalah 5 700 batu nautika dari H arah ke utara diukur sepanjang permukaan bumi. Hitung latitud K.

Gll for the whole flight was 400 knots.

(d) An aeroplane took off from G and flew due east to H. The average speed of the aeroplane
Calculate the total time, in hours, taken for the whole

flight.

[4 marks)

Sebuah kapal terbang berlepas dari G dan terbang arah ke timur ke H. Purata laju kapal terbang bagi keseluruhan penerbangan itu ialah 400 knot. Hitung jumlah masa, dalam jam, yang diambil bagi seluruh penerbangan itu. [4 markah)

Answer/"Iawapanl (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

229

REVIEWAND ANSWEHS
KERTAS 1 ry . Since town A is located
Longitude of P = 80" W .'. Longitude of 0 = (180" Answer:
D

west of X, the answer is - not A. ' . Since town D has the same longitude with X, : the answer is not D. , . Difference in longitude between X and C

= l00o E

80.) E

.-20"+4Oo
:
60o

ffi

' , '

(i)

Longitude of X = 20" W

Longitude of B = 20 8 Difference in longitude between X and B

From the diagram, P and R are on the same parallel of latitude. So the latitude of R is 40" N. (ii) PR is a diameter of the parallel of latitude, so R is ( I B0' 70") I 10" east of the

=20 +20
= 40o

Town B is located east of X with difference in longitude of 40'.


Answer: B

Latitude of R = 40" N Longitude of R = (180"

= 110o E .'. Position of R = (40' N, I 10' O


Answer: D

70") E

ffi

Draw a sketch to solve the problem.

ffi

P is 45" due south of latitude of 30. /V and 60" due west of longitude of BO' E. Latitude of P = (45"

30")

=15oS Longitude of P = (80' - 60") E -200 E .'. Position of P = (15' ^S, 20' E)
Answer: A
.t

{/

Longitude of Q - (]25"

40") E

=85oE
Answer: B

Latitude of Q

_52" N

(90"

38') N

Longitude of Q

(40'

ry ' . Since PQ is a diameter of the parallel of latitude, the difference in longitude between P and Q : 180".
. P is located west of
Q.

.'. Position of Q - (52 N, 15" E)


Answer:
C

-15"

25") E

ry
Longitude of Q - I0o E .'. Longitude of P = (180' - 10")W = 170" W Answer:
C

'

. P is 70' due north of the

Equator and east of the Creenwich Meridian.

I30' due

Latitude of P = (90"

20") N

=70oN
Longitude of P = (180"

'

. Since PQ is a diameter of the earth and the longitude of P is 0' W, the longitude ofQis
(180o

=
Answer: D

130" E

50') E

e")

E.

.'. Location of P = (70" N, 130" E)

230

+ff

(a) . Q is 35" east of P. (b) . Shortest distance from Q to R :


North Pole

distance measured along the great circle through the

(c) '

Time taken

distance travellqd average speed

Greenwich

Meridian

The diagram in D shows that the longitude of P

is 50' E and the longitude of Q is 70"


Answer: D

W.

KERTAS 2
ntl,...W

f.)

. Time taken

distance travelled

s (a) Latitude of R = latitude

of

(a) Latitude of P = 20' S


Longitude of P = (180'

=50oN

25') W

Longitude

", Q -__l*r?';

3s') w
4s") E

155o 17

... Position of P = (20o

S, 155' W)
K

Longitute of R =

lit?';

(b) (i)

Difference in latitude between,/ and

4200
60

.'. Position of R = (50' N, 135" D (b) Shortest distance from Q to R

=70
Latitude of K - (70" - 20") s

=(180-50-50)x60 =80x60
= 4 800 nautical miles (c) ZPOX _ 5 820
60

=50oS

.'.x=50
and

(ii) Difference in longitude between J


60 x cos 20"

.'. Latitude of X - (97' - 50') -- 47" S

o?o )l -

58o

(d) Time taken = distance from P to R average speed

Longitude of L

(58"

=33" W

25") W

(180
145

35)

x 60 x cos 50"
600 cos 50o

:'Y=33

3
(a)

x 60 x

(c) Distance of the whole flight =3 270 + (50 x 60)

600 = 9.32 hours

=3270+3000

(i) Longitude of R
= (180"

6 270 nautical miles

40") E

.'. Time taken for the whole flight _ 6274

l4O" E

(ii) Shortest distance from P to R

600 10.45 hours

=(180-65-65)x60 =50x60
= 3 000 nautical miles

231

(b) 0= 4 500 .'. Latitude of V = (75"


_ 1<o - tJ

(d) Average speed

_ 65')
S

2460
5

492 knots

=10oS (c) (i) Distance from P to Q = (40 + 60) x 60 x cos 65o = 100 x 60 x cos 65o = 2 535.71 nautical miles (ii) Time taken _2535.71 +4500

(a) Longitude of R =

lrrl9';

s0') E

(b) Distance from P to Q = (50 + 30) x 60 x cos 40o

=80x60xcos40o
= 3 677 nautical miles
(c)
H--

550 12.79 hours

4 (a) Latitude of R = 53' N


Longitude of R = (180"

1 s00 60

- )50

-84')

.'. Latitude of v =

=96o E .'. Location of R - (53' N,96o (b) Shortest distance from P to R

l1?';

2s") s

(d) Total distance from Q to P to V

= 4 440 nautical miles (c) Distance from P to Q = (84 - 25) x 60 x cos 53" = 2 130.43 nautical miles (d) (i) Distance from Q to V

=(180-53-53)x60 -74x60

=3677+1500

5 177 nautical miles

.'. Total time taken

_5177
=
500 10.354 hours

=420"u+
= 2 730 nautical miles

(a) Latitude of .I = 40" N

Longitude of ./ =

lit?";
-

70")

w
W)

(ii) 0 _ 2730
60

.'. Location of ,/

(40' N, I l0'

= 45.5o .'. Latitude of V - (53"

(b) Shortest distance from G to the South Pole

- 45.5') N

= 7.5o N

=(90-40)x60 =50x60
= 3 000 nautical miles A 5700 (c)
60
o<o

(a)

(i) Latitude of Q = 50' N


(ii) Latitude of R = 0" Longitude of R = (107'

95") W

=l2oW
... Location of R = (0o,
(b)

.'. Latitude of K=

lZ" W

!?l';

40') N

tPov _ 2 460
60

(d) Distance from G to H = (100 -70) x 60 x cos 40o

= 41" .'. Latitude of

v:

=30x60xcos40"

it$-

41') N

1 378.88 nautical miles

.'. Total time taken

(c) Distance from P to Q - 107 x 60 x cos 50o = 4 126.70 nautical miles

_ 1 378.88
400 3.45 hours =

232

KERTAS 2

*t*'*I
I
.,,1

ffi

rI il 7rl

I' il l$I
:'r

r I :I

I:

f I tljEljl

f f a'{ !l

rlr

I !.Irl :l I : I
ir

-l
i' ii
i.;:

a, a,
l

,"

$
1

irt iil: i.

$1

,j

;B'

.-4,, i

r:.. rr

.*
1

i*i
1

&
1

f*

10.1 Orthogonal Projections 10.2 Plans and Elevations

B_aaagi.qnffi

IW
SPM

Plans and Elevations


shows a solid right prism with rectangular base PEFN on a horizontal table. The surface EFGHJ is the uniform cross section of the prism. Rectangle KJHL is an inclined plane and rectangle LHGM is a horizontal plane. JE and GF are vertical edges. Rajah 9(i) menunjukkan sebuah pepejal berbentuk prisma tegak dengan tapak segi empat tepat

M Question 15 1 (a) Diagram 9(i)

PEFN terletak di atas meja mengufuk. Permukaan EFGHJ ialah keratan rentas seragamnya. Segi empat tepat KJHL ialah satah condong dan segi empat tepat LHGM ialah satah mengufuk. Tepi JE dan GF adalah tegak.

K
I

rN
7cm

Diagram 9(i)
Rajah 9(i)

Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to EF as viewed from X. Lukiskan dengan skala penuh, dongakan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan EF
sebagaimana dilihat dari X.

[3 marks] [3 markah)
Answer/"/awapan: (a)

233

(b) A solid right prism with uniform cross section UWW is removed from the solid in Diagram
Sebuah pepejal berbentuk prisma tegak dengan keratan rentas seragam UWVX dikeluarkan daripada pepejal dalam Rajah 9(i). Pepejal yang tinggal adalah seperti dalam Rajah 9(ii). Segi empat tepat VSTW ialah satah mengufuk. Tepi UV dan XW adalah tegak. VS = 3 cm dan SE = 2 cm.

9(i). The remaining solid is as shown in Diagram 9(ii). Rectangle VSTW is a horizontal plane. UV and XW are vertical edges. VS = 3 cm and SE = 2 cm.

I I I

lN

-t-

W-

4cm

,/
Diagram 9(ii)
Rajah

9(il)

Draw to full scale,


Lukiskan dengan skala penuh,

(i)

the plan of the remaining solid,


pelan pepejal yang tinggal itu,

f4 marksl
14

markahl

(ii) the elevation of the remaining solid on a vertical plane parallel to PE from I.
dilihat dari
Answer/"Iawapan:
Y.

as viewed [5 marksl
[5 markah]

dongakan pepejal yang tinggal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan PE sebagaimana

(b) (i), (ii)

234

SPM

2 You are not allowed

ffi

Question 15

to use graph paper to answer this question.

Anda tidak dibenarkan menggunakan kertas graf untuk menjawab soalan ini.

(a) Diagram 8(i) shows a solid right prism.


The surface KLSR is its uniform cross section. The base JKLM is a rectangle on a horizontal plane. The rectangle JKRQ is an inclined plane and the square QRST is a horizontal plane. The edges Sl, and TM are vertical.
RajahS(i) menunjuklan sebuah pepejal berbentuk prisma tegak. Permukaan KLSR ialah keratdn rentas seragamnya. Tapak JKLM ialah segi empat tepat terletak pada satah mengufuk. Segi empat tepat JKRQ ialah satah condong dan segi empat sanut QRST ialah satah mengufuk. Tepi SL dan TM adalah tegak.

Diagram 8(i)
Rajah 8(i)

Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to KL as viewed from X. [3 marksl Lukis dengan skala penuh, dongakan pepeial itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan KL
sebagaimana dilihat dari X.

[3 markah]

Answer/,/awapan:
(a)

235

(b) Another solid right prism

is joined to the solid in the Diagram 8(i) at the vertical plane KLSG

to form a combined solid as shown in Diagram S(ii). The trapezium ABCD is its uniform cross section and AFKB is an inclined plane. The rectangle ADEF is a horizontal plane. The base JKBCLM is on a horizontal plane. The edge DC is vertical. Sebuah pepejal lain yang berbentuk prisma tegak dicantumkan kepada pepejal dalam Rajah 8(r) pada satah mencancang KLSG untuk membentuk sebuah gabungan pepejal seperti dalam Rajah 8(il). Trapezium ABCD ialah keratan rentas seragam prisma itu dan AFKB ialah satah condong. Segi empat tepat ADEF ialah satah mengufuk. Tapak JKBCLM terletak pada satah mengufuk. Tepi DC adalah tegak.

l\

I I I

I I I I
I

7cm

-rr

rl

Diagram 8(ii)
Rajah 8(ii)

Draw to full scale, Lukis dengan skala penuh,

(i)

the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to ,IB as viewed from Y, 14 marks) dongakan gabungan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan JB sebagaimana dilihat dari Y, 14 markahl

(ii)

the plan of the combined solid.


pelan gabungan pepejal itu.

15 marks)
15

marknhl

Answer/"/awapan:

(b) (i)

(ii)

236

SPM

m7

Question 13

You are not allowed to use graph paper to answer this question. Anda tidak dibenarkan menggunakan kertas graf untuk menjiwab soalan ini. (a) Diagram 7(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base ABCD on a horizontal plane. The surface ABJHGF is the uniform cross section of the prism. AF, HG and, BJ are vertical edges. Rectangle JKLH is a horizontal plane and rectangle GMEF is an inclined plane.
Raiah 7(i) menuniukknn sebuah pepeial berbentuk prisma tegak dengan tapak segi empatiepat ABCD terletak di atas satah mengufuk. Permukaan ABJHGF ialah keratan rentas seragamnya. Tepi AF, HG dan BJ adalah tegak. Segi empat tepat JKLH ialah satah mengufuk dan segi empat tepat GMEF ialah
satah condong.

5cm

Diagram 7(i)
Rajah 7(i)

Draw to full scale, the plan of the solid.


Lukis dengan skala penuh, pelan pepejal itu. Answer/,Iawapan; (a)

[3 marks]
13

markahl

237

(b) A half cylinder solid of diameter 6 cm is joined to the prism in Diagram 7(i) at the plane SKLT. The length of SK is 4 cm. The combined solid is shown in Diagram 7(ii). Sebuah pepejal berbentuk separuh silinder berdiameter 6 cm dicantumkan kepada prisma pada Rajah 7(1) pada satah SKLT. Panjang SK ialah 4 cm. Gabungan pepejal adalah seperti ditunjukkan
pada RajahT(11).

F
5cm

Diagram 7(ii)
Rajah

7(ii)

Draw to full scale, Lukis dengan skala penuh,

(i) (ii)

the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB as viewed from P, 14 marksl
dilihat dari P,
dongakan gabungan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan AB sebagaimana 14 markah)

the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to BC as viewed ftom Q. 15 marksl
dongakan gabungan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan BC sebagaimana

dilihat dari Q. Answer/.Iawapan:

15

marl<nhl

(b) (i), (ii)

238

SPM

4 You are not allowed

Questrbn 15

to use graph paper to answer this question. Anda tidak dibenarknn menggunakan kertas graf untuk menjawab soalan ini. (a) Diagram l5(i) shows a solid right prism with rectangular base ABHG on a horizontal plane. The surface ABCDE is the uniform cross section of the prism. AE and BC arc vertical "Oges. Rectangle DEFK is an inclined plane and rectangle CDKJ is a horizontal plane. Rajah l5(1) menunjukkan sebuah pepejal berbentuk prisma tegak dengan tapak trgi ,*pot tepat ABHG terletak di atas satah mengufuk. Permukaan ABCDE ialah keratan rentas seragam prisma itu. Tepi AE dan BC adalah tegak. Segi empat tepat DEFK ialah satah condong dan segi empat tepat CDKJ ialah
satah mengufuk.

K3cm J
5cm

4cm
6 cm

/
Diagram 15(i)
Rajah l5(1)

Lukis dengan skala penuh, dongakan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan AB sebagaimana dilihat dari X. 13 markahl Answer/,Iawapan:
(a)

Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB as viewed from X. 13 marks)

239

(b) A solid cuboid is cut and removed from the solid in Diagram 15(i). The remaining solid is shown in Diagram 15(ii). Rectangle QRST is a horizontal plane. SB = 2 cm, UT = 3 cm and,S7= 4 cm.
Sebuah pepejal kuboid dipotong dan dikeluarkan daripada pepejal pada Rajah 15(i). Pepejal yang tinggal ditunjukkan di Rajah 15(ii). Segi empat tepat QRST ialah satah mengufuk SB = 2 cm, UT = 3 cm dan ST = 4 cm.

+_____y

,,8
Diagram 15(ii)
Rajah l5(ll)

Draw to full scale, Lukis dengan skala penuh,

(i) (ii)

the plan of the remaining


pelan pepejal yang tinggal

solid, itu,

[4 marks]
14

marlwhl

the elevation of the remaining solid on a vertical plane parallel to BH as viewed from Y. 15 marksl
dongakan pepejal yang tinggal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan BH sebagaimana

dilihat dari
Answer/"Iawapan:

Y.

15 markahT

(b) (i), (ii)

240

SPn, 2UE Question 15

5 You are not allowed

to use graph paper to answer this question. Anda tidak dibenarkan menggunakan kertas graf untuk menjawab soalan ini.

(a) Diagram 15.1 shows

l5.l menunjukkan sebuah pepejal berbentuk prisma tegak dengan tapak segi empat tepat ABHG terletak di atas satah mengufuk. Permukaan ABCDE ialah keratan rentas seragam prisma itu. Tepi EA dan CB adalah tegak. Segi empat tepat EDKF dan segi empat tepat DCJK ialah satah condong. Tinggi D dari AB ialah 5 cm dan ED = DC.
Raiah

with a rectangular base ABHG on a horizontal plane. The surface ABCDE is the uniform cross section of the prism. EA and CB are vertical edges. Rectangle EDKF and rectangle DCJK are inclined planes. The height of D from AB is 5 cm and ED = DC.
a solid right prism

J
4cm
E

4cm
A

Diagram 15.l
Rajah

l5.l

Draw to full scale, the plan of the solid.


Lukis dengan skala penuh, pelan pepejal itu.
13 marksl
13

markahl

Answer/,Iawapan:
(a)

241

(b) Another solid right prism with trapezium PQRS as the uniform cross section is joined to the prism in Diagram 15.1 at the vertical plane PHTS. The composite solid is as shown in Diagram 15.2. The base ABPQVHG is on a horizontal plane and rectangle SRUI is
an inclined plane.

lain berbentuk prisma tegak dengan trapezium PORS sebagai keratan rentas seragam dicantumkan kepada prisma dalam Rajah 15.1 pada satah mencancang PHTS. Gabungan pepejal adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 15.2. Tapak ABPQVHG terletak di atas satah mengufuk dan segi empat tepat SRUT ialah satah condong.
Sebuah pepejal

4cm
V

4cm
A

)/
x

"'i,;:f,!]'
Draw to full scale,
Lukis dengan skala penuh,

(i) (ii)

the elevation of the composite solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB as viewed from X, [4 marks] dongalan gabungan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan AB sebagaimana

dililnt dari X,

14

markahl

the elevation of the composite solid on a vertical plane parallel to QV as viewed from Y. 15 marks) dongakan gabungan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan QV sebagaimana dilihot dari Y. 15 markahl

Answer/,Iawapani

(b) (i), (ii)

242

SPM

nl0 Questrbn 15
(a) Diagram 15.1 shows a solid cuboid with
Rajah
square base ABCD on a horizontal plane. menunjukkan sebuah pepejal berbentuk kuboid dengan tapak segi empat sama ABCD

6 You are not allowed


l5.l

to use graph paper to answer this question. Anda tidak dibenarkan menggunakan kertas graf untuk menjawab soalan ini.

terletak di atas satah mengufiik.

x/
from X.

Diagram
Rajah

15.1

l5.l

vertical plane parallel to AB as viewed [3 marks] Lukis dengan skala penuh, dongakan pepeial itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan AB Draw to full scale, the elevation of the solid on
sebagaimana dilihat dari X.
13

markahl

Answer//awapan:
(a)

243

(b) Another solid right prism with rectangular base KLMA and trapezium PLMN as its uniform cross section is joined to the cuboid in Diagram 15.l at the vertical plane ABGF. The composite solid is as shown in Diagram15.2. The base KLMBCDA lies on a horizontal plane. MNis a vertical edge. Rectangle JKLP is an inclined plane and rectangle JPNQ is a horizontal plane. Sebuah pepejal lain berbentuk prisma tegak dengan tapak segi empat tepat KLMA dan trapeTium
PLMN sebagai keratan rentas seragamnya, dicantumkan kepada kuboid dalam Rajah l5.l pada satah mencancang ABGF. Gabungan pepejal adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 15.2. Tapak KLMBCDA terletak pada suatu satah mengufuk. Tepi MN adalah tegak. Segi empat tepat JKLP adalah
satah condong dan segi empat tepat JPNQ adalah satah mengufuk.

]r- --

Diagram 15.2
Rajah 15.2

Draw to full scale, Lukis dengan skala penuh,

(i) the elevation of the composite solid on a vertical plane parallel


from 1,

to

LM as viewed
14 marksl

dongakan gabungan pepejal itu pada satah mencancang yang selari dengan LM sebagaimana dilihat dari Y, 14 markahl

(ii)

the plan of the composite solid.


pelan gabungan pepejal itu.

15 marksl
15

markahl

Answer/,Iawapani

(b) (i), (ii)

244

SPM

?oll

Question 15

7 You are not allowed

to use grpph paper to answer this question. Anda tidak dibenarkan menggunakan kertas graf untuk menjawab soalan ini.

(a) Diagram 15.1 shows a solid right prism with rectangular

base ABKJ on a horizontal plane. prism. Rectangle CDEF is a horizontal BCFGK is the cross section of the The surface uniform plane and rectangle FEHG, is an inclined plane. Edges BC and KG are vertical.

Rajah l5.l menunjukkan sebuah pepejal berbentuk prisma tegak dengan tapak segi empat tepat ABKJ terletak di atas satah mengufuk. Permukaan BCFGK ialah keratan rentas seragam prisma itu. Segi empat tepat CDEF ialah satahmengufukdan segi empat tepat FEHG ialah satoh condong. Tepi BC dan
KG adalah tegak.

\
6cm

3cm K

Diagram 15.1 Rajah l5.l

Draw to full scale, the plan of the solid.


Lukis dengan skala penuh, pelan pepejal itu.

[3 marks]
[3 markahT

Answer/,/awapan:
(a)

245

(b) Another solid right prism ,irl righrangled triang le LMNas its uniform cross section joined is to the prism in Diagram 15.1 at the horizontal plane DLME.II is given that LM =4 cm and MN - 3 cm. The combined sorid is as shown in Diagram r5.2. sebuah pepeiat lain berbentuk prisma tegak dengam segi tigi bersudut tegak LfuIN sebagai keratan rentas seragamnya
LM = 4 cm dan MN =
dicantumkan kepada pisma dalam*Raiah 15.1 pa.da satah mengr,fuk DLME. Diberi bahowa 3 cm' Gabingan pepeial aiilah sepirti yang dttunjukkan dalam Rajah 15.2.

/l
I

'f==

/ll- -

3cm K

Draw to fuil

scale,

Diagram 15.2 Rajah l5'2

Lukis dengan skala penuh,

(i) the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to L\ BK as viewed from X' [4 marks] roint itu i+,. pada :**"" dongakan gabungan pepeial ----,mencancang ^-)^ satah yang seoq' selari -''----'-o r*'eo o wcr06Ltr' dengan BK
dilihat dari x,
sebagaimana
14

(ii)

the elevation of the combined solid on a vertical plane parallel to AB as viewed from r. 15 marks) dongakan gabungan pepeial itu pada satah mencancang yang w' vo pv'w' qe'16u,' selari - -" -o r dengan AB sebagaimana ' dilihat dari y.
[5 markah]

markahl

AnswerlJawapan:

(b) (i), (ii)

u6

REVIEWAND
KERTAS 2
(The answers provided are not drawn to

(b) (i)
full
scale.)

'ryI . Remember that you are not allowed to use graph papers to answer these questions. . . Draw all the plans and elevations to full scale : (actual size). i . Make sure that a dashed line (-----) is used to , represent a hidden edge.
(a)

J/M 6 cm IAL B/C (ii) T/M 6cm ilS/L3cmD/C


2cm
A

3cm

l
7cm

cml_

JI,

3
8

(a)

ilD

M/L

K/C

UP (b) (i)
ruP 3cm

cm

F/N

7cm

4cm L 4cm

MIN

2cm
F/A

G/H

6 cm

J/B

UN
3cm
S/E

)aw

6cm

(b) (i)
F/E

G/M

H/T

G/F 5cm

H/T/L

6 cm

J/S/K

4cm
8cm 4cm M
B/C

(ii)

K
3cm

3cm

ND
(ii)
2cm
S/T

3cm

UM
J/H

2cm
E
S/T

2cm

ML

lcm

ilF B/A
7 cm

4cm
C/D

4
6cm

(a)

D/K

3 cm

c/l

I</J

5cm

L/M

247

(b) (i) F/G_fum K 3cm J/H


4cm
WQ
U/T

(b) (i)
G/F
5

cm II/E

4cm
D/R M/B/A
S/B

C/D

(ii)

lcm

cm

U/W

4cm t/K

t cmK

2cm
S/R

l.
7
(a)

5cm UD

2cm
B/A

T/Q

H/G

s (a)

ilA

(b) (i)
ilF

,"{

\t

,UG

cm

B/P/H

4cm
K

QN

(ii)

D
C/ET

lcm
U/J/F

2cm
T

B/A

8cm

2cm

(ii)

P. 4cm

N
3cm

B/A

3 cm Q/P

4cm

V/II/G

(a)

F/E

cm

G/H

8cm

248

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