Sample calculation

Intensity, S =150 W/m2

Flow rate, V = 2 L/min
TT1= 29.2C
TT4=29.5C
H2O = 1/ v
= 1/ 0.00100384 m3/kg
= 996.18 kg/m3
Mass flow rate of water:
m

=xV
= 996.18 kg/m3 x 2 L/min x 0.001 m3/ L x min/60 s
= 0.033206 kg/sec

Heat input to the collector:

Qin

=AxS
= 1.48 m2 x 150 W/m2
= 222 W

Heat output to the collector:

Qout = m Cp (TT4-TT1)
= 0.033206 kg/s x 4174 J/ (kg K) x (0.3 K)
= 41.58 W
Efficiency of the collector:

= (Qout / Qin) x 100%

= (41.58 W / 222 W) x 100%
= 18.73%

Sample calculation
Intensity, S = 300 W/m2
Flow rate, V = 2 L/min
TT1= 29.8 C
TT4= 30.5C
H2O = 1/ v
= 1/ 0.00100444 m3/kg
= 995.579 kg/m3
Mass flow rate of water:
m

=xV
= 995.579 kg/m3 x 2 L/min x 0.001 m3/ L x min/60 s
= 0.033186 kg/s

Heat input to the collector:

Qin

=AxS
= 1.48 m2 x 300 W/m2
= 444 W

Heat output to the collector:

Qout = m Cp (TT4-TT1)
= 0.033186 kg/s x 4174 J/(kg K) x (0.7 K)
= 96.96 W
Efficiency of the collector:

= (Qout / Qin) x 100%

= (96.96 W / 444 W) x 100%
= 21.84%

Sample calculation
Intensity, S = 450 W/m2
Flow rate, V = 2 L/min
TT1= 30.3 C
TT4= 31.5 C
H2O = 1/ v
= 1/ 0.00100412 m3/kg
= 995.897 kg/m3
Mass flow rate of water:
m

=xV
= 995.897 kg/m3 x 2 L/min x 0.001 m3/ L x min/60 s
= 0.03319 kg/s

Heat input to the collector:

Qin

=AxS
= 1.48 m2 x 450 W/m2
= 666 W

Heat output to the collector:

Qout = m Cp (TT4-TT1)
= 0.03319 kg/s x 4174 J/(kg K) x (1.2 K)
= 166.27 W

Efficiency of the collector:

= (Qout / Qin) x 100%

= (166.27 W / 666 W) x 100%
= 24.97%

Flowrate

Intensity

TT1

TT4

Input

Ouput

Efficiency

[L/min]

[W/m2]

[C]

[C]

[Watt]

[Watt]

[%]

150

29.2

29.5

222

41.58

18.73

300

29.8

30.5

444

96.96

21.84

450

30.3

31.5

666

166.27

24.97

2L/min

Two graphs (one depicting effect of time on TT1 and TT4 temperatures; one depicting
effect of
either flowrate (experiment 1) or light intensity (experiment 2) on heat transfer
efficiency

Graph of Intensity vs Efficiency

30

Efficiency [%]

25
24.97

20

21.84
18.73

15
10
5
0
0

100

200
Intensity

300
[W/m2]

400

500