P E R S O N A L IT Y

D E V E LO P M E N T F O R
B U S IN E S S P E R F O R M A N C E
Personality-Definition
It is a stable set of internal
characteristics and tendencies that
determines the psychological
behavior of people.
It is particular pattern of behavior and
thinking that prevail across time and
contexts and differentiates one
person from another.
 P E R S O N A L IT Y
T H E O R IE S
ØTrait Theory
ØType Theory
ØPsychoanalytic Theory
ØSocial learning Theory
ØHumanistic Approaches

Trait Theory

Trait theorists are primarily interested
in the measurement of traits.
Trait is the habitual pattern of
behavior, thought and emotions.
It is stable over time, differ among
individuals and it influence behavior
of human beings.

 Gordan Allport’s trait theory


This Theory categorizes three trait



levels
ØCardinal traits
ØCentral traits
ØSecondary traits
Catell’s 16 personality
factor questionnaire
ØSurface traits:- characteristic,
observable ways of behaving
ØSource traits:- underlying traits
from which surface traits are
derived; according to Cattell,
there appear to be 16
Ø16 Personality Factors Scale (16
PF):- Assesses source traits, and
is often used to measure group
differences between people of
various occupations
 Eysenck’s three dimensions
of personality
Introversion/ Extraversion:- involves
directing attention on inner
experiences
Neuroticism/Emotional stability:-
refers to an individual’s tendency to
become upset or emotional, while
stability refers to the tendency to
remain emotionally constant.
Psychoticism:- Individuals who are
high on this trait tend to have
difficulty dealing with reality.
5 factor theory of
personality
It represents the 5 core traits that


interact to form human personality

vExtroversion
vAgreeableness
vConscientiousness
vEmotional stability
vOpenness to experience

Strengths of trait theory
Objectivity.
Ease of Use and Understanding
Developing Psychological Tests
Spawning Theories Concerning
the Fit Between Personality
and Jobs
Identifying of Basic Traits
Pointing Out that Traits are
Reasonably Stable

Weakness of the trait
theory
§ Is Descriptive, Not Explanative
§ Circular Explanations
§ Situational Variability in Behavior
§ Poor Predictor of Future Behavior
§ Lead people to accept oversimplified
classifications, or worse offer advice,
based on a superficial analysis of
their personality

Applications of trait
theory
personality traits are desired for
success in the workplace.
Can be used to lead to a career
choice.
Form basis for personality assessment
devices



Type theories
refers to the psychological
classification of different types of
people
Based on two pairs of psychological
functions:
üPerceiving functions
üJudging functions
Type A and Type B personality theory
by
Type A
Type A individuals can be described
as impatient, time-conscious,
concerned about their status, highly
competitive, ambitious, business-like,
aggressive, having difficulty relaxing
Type A individuals are often described
as "stress junkies."

Type B
 Type B individuals, in contrast, are
described as patient, relaxed, and
easy-going under-achievers, generally
lacking any sense of urgency. Because
of these characteristics, Type B
individuals are often described as
apathetic and disengaged.

Strengths of the theory
classify people into distinct categories
simple applicability
person-centered
 Weakness of the theory
over-simplistic
Quantitative nature

 Applications for Personality
Types
Career Guidance
Managing Employees
Inter-personal Relationships
Education
Counseling

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