RISK FACTORS PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERTENSION

CHANGES
Ashley Dean
RNSG 1263
Environmental Age, Family Hx - Changes in arteriolar bed
& Behavioral Race Genetics
& Sex blood viscosity Vasoconstriction

High Na+ Defective Na+ - K+ Pumps

Intake Systemic Vascular Resistance
H2O Retention = Variation in Angiotensinogen gene
 plasma volume Afterload
Endogenous digitalis-like substances
High K+ Intake  Blood flow to organs
Abnormalites in nitric oxide, endothelin &
Low Ca+ Intake other locally acting vasoactive chemicals  Increased blood pressure

 Renal Perfusion Beta-receptor

Obesity Excess vasopressin Activation
Activates Juxtaglomerular
cells in kidneys to release
Excessive Hyponatremia Renin Hypovolemia
ETOH Usage

Angiotensin – Converting
Tobacco Usage Angiotensinogen Enzyme (ACE) Angiotensin I

Stress Arteriolar Angiotensin II

Vasoconstriction

Adrenal Cortex
Complications  Peripheral Stimulation II
Resistance

 Aldosterone
Kidney Disease Retinal Cardiovascular Disease Cerebrovascular Disease
Damage
 Na+ reabsorption
Kidney Hardened Arteries Brain Attack
Failure
 H2O reabsorption
Angina Cerebral
End-Stage Hemorrhage
Renal Disease  Blood Pressure  Plasma
Acute Myocardial (ECF)
Infarction

Manifestations
Heart Failure

Papilloedema Vision Changes Confusion Dizziness Headache No Symptoms

Cardiac Arrhythmias Nausea Epistaxis Chest Pain Sweating Convulsion SOB

s