K NIM NGY THNH LP TRNG (01/04/1956 - 01/04/2011) nghim hng hi.

Chng trnh o to hoa tiu phi ph hp vi ni dung Ngh quyt A960(23) ca t chc Hng hi Quc t v iu kin hng hi ti khu vc cng. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] KS. Nguyn c Thun Bo co tnh hnh tai nn vng nc cng Qung Ninh, Cng v Hng hi Qung Ninh, 2010. [2] KS. Trng Minh Hi Dn tu an ton ra vo lung cng Qung Ninh. Lun vn Thc s K thut, Hi Phng, 2006. [3] TS,TTr. Nguyn Vit Thnh iu ng tu. Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut, H Ni, 2007. Ngi phn bin: TS. Phm Vn Thun

NGHIN CU CNG NGH MI TRONG X L NN T YU RESEARCHING NEW TECHNOLOGY OF SOLVING SOFT GROUND
TS. H XUN CHUN Khoa Cng trnh thy, Trng HHH Tm tt Khi xy dng cng trnh trn nn t yu, mt trong nhng gii php m ngi thit k la chn l x l nn t tng sc chu ti ca nn t, ci thin mt s tnh cht c l ca nn t yu nh gim h s rng, gim tnh nn ln, tng cht, tng tr s m un bin dng, tng cng chng ct Hin nay c nhiu phng php x l nn t yu nh dng m ct, m cht lp mt, dng cc tre, bc thm, cc ct, cc xi mng t Bo co gii thiu mt s vn ca cng ngh x l nn t yu bng phng php bm ht chn khng ht nc trong t - mt cng ngh c nhiu u im v t tri so vi cc phng php thng thng v c p dng ti Vit Nam trong thi gian gn y. Abstract When constructing on soft ground, one of which the design solution option is to treat the soil to increase load capacity of the soil and improve some mechanical properties of soft ground such as reducing the hollow coefficient, reducing compression deflection, increasing value of deformation module, enhancing shear resistance... There are many treatment methods for soft ground such as sand cushion, compacted surface layer, using bamboo stakes, absorbent sponge, sand piles, piles of cement soil... The paper introduces some issues of process technology using vacuum pumps to suck water in the soil-a technology has many advantages compared with conventional methods and has been applied in Vietnam in recent times. 1. M u Nn mng ca cc cng trnh xy dng trn nn t yu thng t ra cc vn cn phi gi i quyt nh sc chu ti ca nn nh, rng v tnh nn ln l n. nc ta, lu vc sng Hng v sng M Kng ni c tng t ph sa kh dy v tp trung t st yu v ang hnh thnh v pht tri n cc thnh ph v th quan trng, thc t ny i hi phi c cng ngh thch hp v tin tin x l nn t yu. Mc ch ca vic x l nn t yu l lm tng sc chu ti ca nn t, ci thin mt s tnh cht c l ca t yu nh gim h s rng, gim tnh nn ln, tng cht, tng tr s m un bin dng, tng cng chng ct ca t, gim tnh thm ca t m bo n nh cho khi t p. Vic x l cng trnh khi xy dng trn nn t yu ty thuc vo c im cng trnh, c im nn t, ty iu kin c th m ngi thit k c th dng cc bin php x l v kt cu cng trnh, cc bi n php x l v mng hay cc bin php x l nn. C nhiu phng php x l nn, vic chn phng php x l thch hp t y thuc vo iu kin a cht cng trnh, a cht thu vn khu vc xy dng, loi cng trnh v iu kin kinh t - k thut thc t khi tin hnh x l.

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K NIM NGY THNH LP TRNG (01/04/1956 - 01/04/2011) 2. Cc bin php x l nn t yu Hi n nay, x l nn t yu thng dng mt s bin php sau: Bng 1. Mt s phng php x l nn t yu. TT 1 PHNG PHP Phng php x l nn bng m ct NI DUNG o b lp t yu, thay th bng ct ht trung, ht th v m cht TC DNG Tng kh nng chu ti ca nn, tng n nh ca cng trnh, gim chiu su chn mng nn gim khi lng vt liu lm mng Tng cng , sc chu ti, gim tnh nn ln ca t nn Tng sc chu ti ca t nn, tng nhanh c kt v n nh ln Thot nc,tng nhanh c kt,tng cng ca nn cc ct (cc ct v t gia cc cc) Tng tc c kt, gim rng, tng dung trng, tng sc chu ti PHM VI P DNG Lp t yu c chiu dy <3m, khng s dng khi nn t c MN ngm cao v m ct km n nh,h MN ngm tn km t c l rng ln, ct ti, t cha nn cht

Phng php m cht t (c kt ng)

m cht lp t mt bng m rung hoc bng cc khi nng 10-15T Cht ti trng (gch, , ct si..) bng hoc ln hn ti trng TK Cc ct ng knh 30-40cm c ng bng cng ngh rung ng ng chng chi m t, y ct v rung m cht Cho nc trong l rng ca t thm qua lp vi a k thut vo li cht do, li ny l ng tp trung v dn nc thot ra khi nn t yu

Phng php gia ti nn trc

Ct pha bo ho nc, st pha, bn st, than bn (Rp xic TW,Vin nhi Thu in) Nn t yu dy hn 3m, khng dng khi t qu nho (Quc l 1A, quc l 18, ng 353 Hi Phng) Chiu dy lp t yu ln, thm ca nn t nh (Quc l 5, cu Ti n Cu, ng cao tc Lng-Ho Lc..)

Phng php x l nn bng cc ct

Phng php x l nn bng bc thm

Phng php gia cng nn t yu bng cc tre v cc trm Phng php x l nn bng cc vi v cc xi mng t Phng php c kt bng ht chn khng

Cc tre, cc trm di t 2,5-6m c ng vi mt 16-25 2 cc/m Ti vi hoc phun xi mng - t vo l khoan vi t l nh trc Dng cng ngh bm ht chn khng ht nc trong t lm cho t c kt nhanh

Tng kh nng chu ti v gi m ln ca t nn Gi m m (5-8%), tng lc dnh (1,5-3 l n), tng cng chu ti Tng tc c kt, tng sc chu ti, gim tnh nn ln

Nn t lun trng thi m t, cng trnh c ti trng khng ln, khng dng cho t ct t st v st pha do nho,bn

Nn t st yu (Trung Quc, Nht Bn, Vi t Nam)

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K NIM NGY THNH LP TRNG (01/04/1956 - 01/04/2011) 3. Phng php c kt bng ht chn khng Phng php nn trc bng chn khng l mt trong nhng phng php gia c nn t st yu do Ch tch HQT Cng ty c phn Cng Loan Tn Hi - T S Long pht minh v c U ban Khoa hc Thng Hi -Trung Quc gim nh t Tiu chun ti n tin quc t, hin nay phng php ny ang c nhiu quc gia p dng ti cc cng trnh xy dng cng bin, ng b, ng hng khng nh Sn bay Quc t Ph ng -Thng Hi, Cng trnh cng Tn Thnh, cng Ninh Ba, Chit Giang (Trung Quc), Nh my kh in m C Mau, D n Long Thnh - Du Gi y, Nh my si Polyester nh V, Nh my in Nhn Trch ng Nai (Vit Nam). c im vt tri ca cng ngh ht chn khng so vi cc phng php khc l tc nhanh, thi gian thi cng ngn(gim 50%),chi ph thi cng gim (30%), cht lng tt, thi cng m bo v sinh mi trng (Theo kt lun ca cc chuyn gia Trung Quc ti Hi tho do S XD TP H Ch Minh t chc nm 2009). Nguyn l lm c kt trc cho nn t yu l t ln trn nn mt ti trng c gi tr tng ng vi ti trng cng trnh nc thot ra khi cc l rng cho n khi nn t c n nh, sau d ti. qu trnh thot nc xy ra nhanh, ngi ta to nhng bin thot nc (cc ct, bc thm), cng ngh ny gi l c kt trc bng phng php thot nc thng ng. Phng php ht chn khng thay th cho phn gia ti trong cng ngh c kt tc l vn c ct thot nc thng ng (Trng hp cn thot nc nhanh hn vn s dng c gia ti). Qu trnh c kt ca t c m t trn hnh 1. Ti hnh 1a, khi cht ti n thun, p l p l c nc l rng khi chu ti, khi t bo ha nc, p lc nc l rng ln tri ban u u tng t nhp khi cht ti n thun, dn dn p lc nc l rng ln tri v ti trng chuyn t nc sang ct li u t(dng l xo). Lng tng ng sut hu hiu bng lng gim p lc nc l rng, khi kt thc giai on c kt u = 0. Khi ti trng chn khng c s dng nh hnh 1b, p lc nc l rng trong t gim, ng sut hu hiu trong t tng, dn dn l xo b nn, ngha l ct liu t to ra ng sut hu hiu.Lng tng ng sut hu hiu bng lng gim p lc nc l rng (Ti chn khng thng bng 80% p sut kh quyn, bng 80 kPa) [1].

Hnh 1. M hnh ho kiu l xo cho qu trnh c kt. (a) Di tc ng ca phng php cht ti n thun; (b) Di s gia ti chn khng

H thng gia ti chn khng in hnh gi i thiu trn hnh 2. ng bc thm v cc ng ngang c dng phn b p lc chn khng v lm mt nc l rng, ng ngang v u trn ca bc thm nm trong lp ct gia ti, truyn chn khng vo ccng bc thm. Cc ng cha bc thm ng knh t 50-100 mm c gn g dng lm ng ngang, nhng ng ny c c l thn ng v c qun bng vi thm nc. ng ngang ni v ng ch phn b p lc chn khng. Ba l p PVC(nylon) mng ph trn mt khu vc ht chn khng c mp ngoi t trong rnh theo 4 cnh bao quanh khu vc ht chn khng, do vng cn ht chn khng c chia thnh cc khu nh t cc lp nylon.

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K NIM NGY THNH LP TRNG (01/04/1956 - 01/04/2011)

Hnh 2. H thng ht chn khng. 1-ng bc thm 2- ng ngang 3- Lp ph 4-ng thot nc 5 Van mt chi u 6- Chn khng k 7- Bm pht 8- Bm ly tm 9- Rnh 10 - ng ch ht chn khng 11- Mng che chn

4. Kt lun Vic nghin cu tm hiu cc bin php x l nn t yu mi gp phn l m phong ph cc phng php x l nn mng trong cng tc xy dng nhng vng c a cht yu, lm c s la chn bin php ti u p dng cho mi cng trnh. Phng php c kt bng ht chn khng c p dng thnh cng mt s nc.Ti Nht Bn, t nhng nm 1960 phng php ny c s dng trong xy dng cng trnh. Ti Trung Quc, nhiu cng trnh p dng phng php ny v t c hiu qu kinh t cao, ch tnh ring khu vc Thng Hi, trong gn 3 nm p dng ti t kim c 1 t nhn dn t (Bo Xy dng 01/2009). nc ta, ln u tin phng php c kt chn khng c s dng ti Nh my kh in m C Mau, sau c p dng mt s cng trnh nh Cng nh V - Hi Phng, Nh my in Nhn Trch - ng Nai, Nh my si Polyester nh VTheo nh gi ca cc chuyn gia, vic p dng cng ngh x l ny lm gim ng k thi gian v chi ph thi cng, l mt trong nhng u im vt tri ca cng ngh c kt nn t yu bng ht chn khng.

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] L Ki u Gia, ti chn khng rt ngn thi gian c kt t yu di cng trnh-www.ketcau.com [2] Nguyn Uyn, X l nn t yu trong xy dng, NXB Xy dng, H Ni 2009. Ngi phn bin: TS. Phm Vn Trung Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 26 3/2011 21