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Ervin 1 Justin Ervin Professor Brown English 1102 14 April 2014 Annotated Bibliography for Animals Used in Events

"Animal Abuse Facts and Stats, Animal Cruelty or Animal Abuse in Circus." Animal Abuse Facts and Statistics, Animal Cruelty Facts, Circus Animal Abuse. Maps of World, 10 May 2013. Web. 08 Apr. 2014. <http://www.mapsofworld.com/poll/should-animal-circuses-be-banned-infographictext.html>. In the Maps of Worlds article, they asked should animal circuses be banned because of animals being abuse. It was in the 19th century when animals were introduced into circus shows since than they have been reported from time to time for abusing animals. In different parts of the world, there are thousands of wild animals that are still forced to perform demeaning and unnatural tricks just to entertain the public. Events like this can be found in traveling circuses and sometimes within zoos. Animals have been used in various types of entertainments and businesses have attracted criticism and strong reactions. From this article, I feel that animal circuses should be banned. It is not just because they are making wild animals do demeaning and unnatural tricks to entertain the public, but to protect ourselves. The reason why is because we never know when those animals will try to attack us for revenge. Bharati, Saroja. "The Conduction System in Sudden Death in Alaskan Sled Dogs During the Iditarod Race And/or During Training." Wiley Online Library. Wiley Online Library, 6 June 2006. Web. 08 Apr. 2014. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.15408159.1997.tb03884.x/abstract>. In the Bharatis research article, he gives a little background information about different sled dog races like the Iditarod race and Yukon Quest. However, his article was mainly on his

Ervin 2 study on sudden death of Alaskan sled dogs during training or participating in the Iditarod race. In the study, he collects five hearts from Alaskan sled dogs that died during the Iditarod race or during training and three hearts from dogs that died naturally. There was increase in fat in the vital parts of the heart in the dogs that had sudden death. The increase fat was mostly fat that the dog consumed as a part of preparation for the race. Mostly dogs that had sudden death died while running on the trail or when they reached one of the checkpoints. Bharatis research article contains his study of the conduction system in Alaskan sled dogs. There are two tables in the article where he showed what he observed with each dogs` heart. Most the sled dogs that had a sudden death had more fat in different areas of their heart than sled dogs that die of natural causes. Bilefsky, Dan. "Danish Zoo, Reviled in the Death of a Giraffe, Kills 4 Lions." The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 Mar. 2014. Web. 07 Apr. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/world/europe/lion-killing-at-danish-zoo-provokes-freshoutrage.html>. In the Bilefskys article, he talks about a zoo called Copenhagen Zoo which killed a healthy 18-month-old giraffe and killed four lions to make room for a young male lion. The zoo received a lot backlash from social media for killing a giraffe and four lions, so the zoo responded back saying that there was high risk that the older male lion would try to breed with one of the female lions causing inbreeding. The giraffe was shot in the head and was later dissected front of a crowd that included children. After they dissecting him then they feed him to a group of lions. The giraffe was named Marius and was also killed for high risk of inbreeding. From Bilefskys article, I find this full story very disturbing. I feel that the zoo could have found a different solution to their inbreeding problem without killing the animals. The event that I find the most disturbing in the article is when they shoot the giraffe in the head and then feed his remains to a group of lions which were later killed for the same reason. Bilefskys article also

Ervin 3 contains many of the different points of views that other people had on the events that happened at Copenhagen Zoo. DiBlasio, Natalie. "Spain-inspired Great Bull Run Coming to US." USA Today. Gannett, 03 Aug. 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2014. <http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/08/03/inspired-bypamplona-great-bull-run-coming-to-us/2614749/>. In the DiBlasios article, she talks about some organizers that are planning on unleashing bulls inside fenced-in courses here in the United States. Bull runs have been debated for longtime because some animal rights groups have concerns over how the bulls are treated. The senior director from one of animal rights groups believed that events like this are a shameful example of cruelty and are nothing more than entertainment and profit. The organizers have response back saying that they will not kill or abuse the bulls in anyway. Organizers also said they are planning all-day experience with plenty of activities at each of the United States events. From the different viewpoints in the DiBlasios article, I feel that it is not a good idea for the organizers to have running of the bulls in the United States. Even those the organizers said they will not kill or abuse the bulls in anyway, there is no guarantee that participants will not trying the hurt them during the event. I do not know why we need to have a running of the bull in United States because it seems it going to put the health and safety of both humans and animals at risk. Donovan, Travis. "China Zoo Cruelty, Abuse Crackdown: Facilities Face Closure For Animal Performances, Wildlife Product Sales And Inadequate Food & Shelter." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 27 Oct. 2010. Web. 08 Apr. 2014. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/10/27/china-zoo-cruelty-crackdo_n_774588.html>. In the Donovans Huffington Post article, he talks about a widespread problem of animal abuse that is happening in many zoos and wildlife parks in China. China has urged zoos to stop serving animal products and holding wildlife performances to improve the treatment that tigers, bears and other animals are receiving. Animal welfare groups have documented many cases of

Ervin 4 animals in zoos and wildlife parks being neglected or beaten. Some zoos are being question if they were selling illegal products like wine and soup that contained bones of endangered tigers. Lastly, Black bears are popularly used as animal performers which are usually forced to ride bicycles or horse by their trainers. The trainers at these performances regularly whipped or beaten the bears with a stick. The housing ministry said zoos could be shut down or can receive a citation if they disobey any of the guidelines. From this article, I know there are a lot of businesses like zoos and wildlife parks that like to have wildlife performances. I feel that there some performances that go a little too far sometime. It seems that we live in a period of time where we find enjoyment from hurt other living creatures. We really need to find a new way to make performances enjoyable without harming anything that is living. Nothing is more depressing than the whimpering sound coming from a living creature. Kemp, Sharon F. "Sled Dog Racing: The Celebration of Co-operation in a Competitive Sport." JSTOR. JSTOR, Feb.-Mar. 1999. Web. 08 Apr. 2014. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3774088>. In the Kemps article, he talks about sled dog races and the community around it. Sled dog racing is an intensely competitive sport in which the human spend larger amount of time, effort and money to find the best dogs and strategies to win. On a Sunday in mid-January, crowds of people gather in the field in Duluth, Minnesota. The race will take the teams five hundred miles to Grand Portage, which is a town near the Canadian border, and back. The teams are required to stop at checkpoint where official times are clocked. However, there are other checkpoints where they required to stay for certain period of time which allowing the dogs and mushers to get rest and food. Also while at these checkpoints, veterinarians examine the dogs to make sure they are still in good shape to race. If the temperatures climb into the high twenties, the dogs can overheat or the path becomes mushy snow making it difficult for them to run on. Races of this magnitude requires month of preparation. The dogs usually are not worked during the

Ervin 5 summer because of heat. Some of successful mushers say that it is better to train dogs with rewards rather than punish them for mistakes. Kemps article was very informative and provides information about the overall race and how the teams prepare for the race. What I found interesting is that some mushers will try to make strategies so they can train their team in the way they plan to run during the race. McPherson, Angie. "5 Surprising Facts About the Iditarod Dog Sled Race." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 08 Mar. 2014. Web. 08 Apr. 2014. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140308-iditarod-dogs-sled-race-alaskawillow-science/>. In the McPhersons article, she talks about some surprising facts about the Iditarod dog sled race. One of them is Iditarod is a city, a river, a trail, and a race. A very interesting fact is that only northern dog breeds like Siberian huskies and Alaskan malamutes are allowed to race in the Iditarod dog sled race. This rule was added in sometime 1990s after a musher entered the 1988 competition with European poodles. The problem was that when the poodles arrived at one of the checkpoints their feet were frozen and hair had matting problems. Some mushers disagree with the rule that states only northern breed dogs are allowed, but the organization insists that the rule is to protect dogs that are not suited for cold weather. McPhersons article was very informative and provides some interesting facts about Iditarod dog sled race. I do agree that only northern dog breeds should be allow because of what happened to the poodles. Nelson, Deborah. "The Cruelest Show on Earth." Mother Jones. Mother Jones, Nov.-Dec. 2011. Web. 05 Apr. 2014. <http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2011/10/ringling-bros-elephant-abuse>. In the Nelsons article, he talks about a circus show that had an elephant that was clearly very sick. The sick elephant named Kenny never got any medical attention and trotted out to the center ring for the show. During the show, Kenny developed diarrhea and started bleeding from his bottom in the afternoon performance. Finally, Kenny was being treated by a veterinarian who

Ervin 6 recommended that Kenny skip the evening show, but the Ringling Bros made Kenny go to the evening show. After the evening show, Kenny continued to bleed and was found died two hours later. I find the story in Nelsons article very disturbing. The reason why is because the circus still made the sick elephant perform. Even those federal regulations stated that sick elephants must get medical care immediately. I would never like to go to show where animals were treated like robots. "Sled Dog Racing: Death on the Trails." PETA. PETA, n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-in-entertainment/animals-used-entertainmentfactsheets/sled-dog-racing-death-trails/>. In the article from PETA, they talked about Iditarod sled dog races and how the dogs were treated during the event. About 1,500 dogs start the race, but more than one-third are injured or exhausted from being forced to run for hours. The race can take nine to 14 days. Some dogs feet become bruised and bloodied from ice they were running on. There was a volunteer veterinarian for the race that saw some dogs that had torn Achilles tendons, dehydration, diarrhea, hypothermia, hyperthermia, inflammation in the wrists, and soreness in shoulders from the harnesses. I do find some of the information in this article interesting, but there are some parts of the article that are extremely biased. In the end of the article, they tell people to let sponsors of dogsled races know that they do not support their businesses. Also want you to support the human sled races which are races where dozens of teams of humans dress up in crazy costumes and race for the finish line.

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