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In unit process there is no any physical changes but chemical changes occur. but in unit
operation no any chemical changes, only physical chages occur
In chemical engineering and related fields a unit operation is a basic step in a process. For
example in milk processing homogenization pasteurization chilling and packaging are each unit
operations which are connected to create the overall process. A process may have many unit
operations to obtain the desired product.
Historically the different chemical industries were regarded as different industrial processes
and with different principles. In 1923 William H. Walker Warren K. Lewis and William H.
McAdams wrote the book The Principles of Chemical Engineering and explained the variety of
chemical industries have processes which follow the same physical laws. They summed-up
these similar processes into unit operations. Each unit operation follows the same physical
laws and may be used in all chemical industries. The unit operations form the fundamental
principles of chemical engineering.
drying
• Combination (mixing)
• Separation (distillation)
Chemical engineering unit operations and chemical engineering unit processing form the main
principles of all kinds of chemical industries and are the foundation of designs of chemical
plants factories and equipment used
5-what kinds of questions may employers of
chemcial engineering companies ask me?
(answer)
Mr.
1.Tell me about your self ? (They will test your way of talking and english)
2.In which are you intrested? (mass tr. or heat tr. and etc..)
3.For freshers most of the qns will come from Mass tr. and heat tr.
4.In which are you intrested to work? (procee production and etc. )
5.And some general qns like.....If you are the manager or MD of this company this company
then how you will control the employer and how you will feel and etc...
Surri
If meaning is water evaporation per unit heat transfer area provided in Evaporator Then the
answer is
On standing it will separate in two layer. Bottom will be benzene layer and top will be water
layer.
--- Like there is gravitational potential or electrostatic potential there is chemical potential.
It is basically change in the internal energy of the system by addition of a new particle at
constant volume and entropy. In terms of free energy, its the change in Gibbs free energy of a
system by addition of a particle at constant temperature and pressure. So basically it tells you
about the reactivity of a component in a phase. Transfer of molecule will always occur from
high potential to low potential.
Fugacity is escapability that is tendency of a particle to prefer one phase over other. The
particle will be present in the phase having low fugacity (where the escapability is least). In
terms of chemical potential it is the measure of how much the chemical potential of a
component in a phase differs from the chemical potential in standard state, due to change in
Pressure or mol fr of component. Fugacity is analogous to partial pressure when applying
thermodynamics to any non ideal system for any component. For pure ideal gases fugacity -->
partial pressure.
--- Chemical potential is the main driving force for any mass transfer operation to be occured
and is very closely related with concentration of that corresponding species therefore we
generally take concentration term instead of chemical potential while for very high pressures
we generally calculate fugacities instead of pressures.
9- How to design distillation column?
11- What are the basis for selecting Deaerator operating pressure and
temperature?
(answer)
Generally deaerator is designed slight high pressure than atm. around 1.2ksc
Temp is maintained at about 120-130 degree centigrade because dm water should supply at
this temp
process heat is recovered by circulating this dm water down stream of deaerator bfw pump is
there which increases pressure up to desired value.
Designing of high pre and temp shell also too much costlier.
--- By applying higher insulation layer at lower surface & lower at upper surface
Q/A K1*(dT/dX)
Q/A K2*(dT/dX)
K1(DT)1+K2DT2 Q/A*X
FOR(q/A) MAX.
d(Q/A)/dX 0
19- Why Iron Carbide diagram can be established upto 6.67% only? What are structure beyond
6.67% carbon?
20- When salt is added to water, what happens to its freezing point?