The Chaminade Concertino

Written by Alexa Still

Cecile Chaminades Concertino is a very popular piece for auditions, demonstrating a little
of everything and very pleasing melodies. I expect many flutists own this piece, but maybe
there are some who dont, so I found a Russian edition of this piece in the collection
at imslp.org/wiki/Main_Page"
Later on, I realized that all I downloaded is the piano score I didnt even go looking for a
flute part, as I rarely work from flute parts. If you would prefer to play from the flute part
alone, you could cut and paste the flute part together from the score. (I note that my
purchased editions of this flute part have a terrible page turn requiring messing around
with photocopies and tape anyway!) The opening of the Concertino is attention grabbing
musically and a good way to settle down nerves, in that starting off at an mf is certainly
much more relaxing than a piano dynamic. Unfortunately, it is also one of those
uncomfortable, never ending phrases that seems to elicit very strong opinions from
everyone concerning places to breathe. Im going to be a little unorthodox - I wont
recommend breath spots, and I also suggest eliminating anyone elses ideas that may be
pencilled in, and whiting out any editorial in your music!

The indication in Russian, below the flute part, roughly translates to the triplets should be
played freely

Chaminade clearly didnt play flute so the practicalities never occurred to her. It just isnt
possible to do justice to the atmosphere of unhurried beauty and effortless sound sustained
through these expansive melodic lines if one is also desperate for air. So, accept that
breaths are necessary, trial many different spots and sizes of breaths to see where you
need them, and then figure out how to sell what suits you! Remember that more small
breaths may be much more effective than infrequent but much bigger holes, and that the
choice of a similar spot in repeated phrases may come across as a bit annoying. I often
recommend students playing music in this style to listen to Sir James Galway; listen closely
to a recording where you can note his breathing spots on your music. Youll quickly
understand he is the master of last-minute breaths that never interfere with musical flow
or momentum. By keeping the sound spinning, and shaping the note before the breath
based on where the phrase wants to go, he gives the magical illusion of the music simply
continuing.
The intonation challenges of this piece hit us right at the very beginning! That opening D is
potentially the most strident sound on the flute and a tad bright in pitch. Then we get E,
which can sound comparatively muffled and is often flat. This is a terrible combination,
given that the interval of tonic to supertonic (were in the key of D) sounds best wide, as
the largest step in the scale. This intonation problem is more manageable if we tone the D
down a bit in colour and pitch.
The tenuto marks in measure 4 are better understood if we think of string bowing - youd
change bow here, so youd have a louder and a distinct note where the tenutos are marked.
We can replicate that tenuto idea quite well by playing these notes out and adding a tiny
diminuendo right at the end of the first note of each pair - the sustained sound gives the
idea of the note being long, but backing off a little, just at the end, makes it much easier to
hear the re-articulation of the next note. The rhythmic detail of a repeated note is very
important to appreciating the heavier or broader character of this opening. The more live
your performance acoustic may be, the more important this effort to be clear becomes, akin
to enunciating clearly in a speech. The other phrase slurs, starts and stops are practically
incidental in comparison. In fact, if you think of most of the slurs over the melody as
bowing marks, you can more readily discard or ignore what you dont like or what doesnt
suit your breathing. With the exception of repeated notes, omitting or changing that sort of
detail wont matter much in these sustained romantic melodies. How you shape a sustained
phrase, in the bigger picture, is much more important.
The dynamics at the beginning quickly build to a grand sounding forte - if one has enough
air! In my opinion, the written dynamics sound really super and really enhance this piece.
One still has to do the usual flutists adjustment of playing louder in the lower register in
this work with a reasonably full accompaniment, written by a non-flutist! But the dynamic
indications provide marvellous contrast and accentuate each musical character. I
encourage students to do what it takes breathing wise to make the forte indications
possibleand remind them to play at the dynamics they intend to use when deciding on
breathing spots!

The scalic passages, such as the two measures before the first notated key change into Bb
major, seem to scare flutists; especially younger players who often panic and rush. There is
a poco stringendo (a little hurrying) in the flute part for these, which youll note is missing
from the piano part (maybe Chaminade didnt write that?). It somehow takes confidence to
play through scalic passages at a moderate pace, but this really does sound best with very
little stringendo as the gesture already has an accelerando effect written in that well hear
best when we can hear all the notes. More reasons to keep it steady include that we will
want a bit more speed to help create the Piu Animato section later on, and the feeling of
virtuosic speed really belongs in the more notey middle section (see notated key change
into a minor, no accidentals).
Right after the notated key change back to D major, we have more repeated notes with
staccatos - a nice little change. Try to play these with a distinct articulation too.

The opening section of this work culminates in dramatic fashion, following more scales that
sound very brilliant by covering roughly two octaves. When I was a student, I understood
that this was free like a cadenza (thankfully) but I took that to mean throw caution to the
wind! Well, that may be thrilling, but not quite for the right reasons! I recommend
students listen to virtuosic pianists playing romantic repertoire (the masters of this style),
listening specifically for effective placement of profound notes or chords, and the way
blindingly impressive run-type gestures can make such good musical sense. Pianists often
slow down at just the right moment near the end of such a gesture, whereas we tend to
simply crescendo. Presumably keyboards players master this type of rubato because that is
what works best on an instrument that cant crescendo on any one note.
The flute can crescendo, but that doesnt mean we shouldnt use other expressive devices
too! A way to practise this concept is to work backwards, thinking primarily about arriving
unmistakably on that destination note: play the fortissimo D as you hope it will sound -
beautiful, commanding and loud! Then play again with the leading in note, C#, aiming for
that same fabulous D with the unmistakable musical emphasis given to a big downbeat. Try
stomping on the D too - this is surprisingly difficult to do and will help you assess your
coordination (the note needs all the best air support and articulation right when you
predict it should sound. If you cant do it exactly where you predict, how will your pianist
ever figure out where to play with you?). Then add on the B and so on and so on.

Russian indication here is roughly translated to with agitation
The first measure of the Piu animato is another spot where we need clarity or space around
the notes. I think this may be the toughest section, because the momentum here is pushing
forward, and breathing just cant be rhythmically intrusive. Clipping these slurs a little, or
that idea of distinct diminuendos on note ends and more accent on beginnings, helps and
also suits the accented passing note gestures. In the 8th to 9th measure of this section,
players often put in a little rallentando and an a tempo and similarly three-four measures
later. The whole note or semibreve trills are actually not that interesting, so you might
consider dropping out of the way a little and crescendo-ing towards the end of the
measure. In the two solo flute measures (measure 19 and 20 of this section), the falling
scale gesture can be played with tremendous freedom (try a rubato of starting late and
slow and speeding up) which sets the stage for a very satisfying a tempo in the piano part.
The transition passage, from this point until the next notated key change (A minor), seems
to be about dissipating the energy of the animato. Suddenly, it is possible to play much more
softly here and be heard, providing a great opportunity for exploring some tone colours.
The Leggiero marking and a tempo are most often taken with a good dose of enthusiasm
and can become a bit of a technical exercise in the players mindset. Some flutists go so
impressively fast here that I get worried for them! I encourage my students to sing through
this whole section or wave gestures in the air to try and keep the music in their minds too.
If you go fast enough, many trill fingerings are passable at speed. For instance, that first C-
D-C triplet is often played by fingering C and using the trill key for D. This sort of
approach is very popular with younger players who are keen to set blistering speeds. In my
view, a slightly tamer tempo with the right fingerings is quite attainable and usually sounds
more impressive, primarily because the correct fingerings tend to be easier to play evenly
than fingerings involving trill keys, and at a slightly calmer tempo, the player can
concentrate on conveying the charm of the musical gestures through musically appropriate
rubato rather than being dominated by the instruments mechanics (unevenness of
reaching some keys) or acoustic tendencies (some notes boom out more than others).
I would, however, encourage leaving fingers down where possible for stability. For
instance, in that same C-D-C triplet passage, the middle and ring fingers of the right hand
could be left down through to the E on the second beat of the next measure. Keeping the
flute steady will enhance tone as well as making your flying fingers feel more secure.
This florid stuff comes to an abrupt halt at the trill and then we get the classic flute writing
tweet, tweet, tweet ballet music. Short staccato notes with a great tone will sound
fabulous. The trill is one of those perfect spots for circular breathing musically this works
best and a trill is the perfect texture for covering up the circular breathing bump. If you
dont circular breath yet, try for marvellous breaths earlier on, and then in the measure
before the trill, warn your pianist, take extra time between the first G# and the chromatic
run (breath!) and then ease back into tempo over the first three notes of the chromatic run.
For the trill itself, a fp attack and a crescendo near the end of the measure saves air and
sounds way better musically than a static note. You can also try sneaking more air after the
C downbeat of the next measure you can see this delay is expected by the way the notes
are grouped in this edition, but it is very hard to get enough breath in this little gap and we
need to hear a solid C to resolve the trill before breathing.
The Measure after figure 8, at the non legato delicamente marking, is a contradiction in
terms the slur with dots implies a much more sustained note than the staccatos of the
measure before. Chaminade was not a flutist! I put more emphasis on the delicamente
part of that instruction and try to match and blend with the piano for note length and
dynamic. On the repeated sections of this part of the piece, I aim for more convincing forte
dynamics on the second time around but you could go the other way too.
At Figure 10, we have a run that slows down into the arrival note actually notated that way,
an example of the romantic virtuosic pianistic phrasing I discussed in the last issue. Think
carefully about how you want the triplet from high E to high A to be phrased as there
are many options!
From here to the cadenza features some very heavy (loud) writing. Try to incorporate some
rest time when you practise and use the rest time to assess your body balance and
tension. Undoubtedly this will help you project a lot more and the more you try to make
these adjustments, the easier it will be to do under pressure.
And finally, we get to the Cadenza, a winning characteristic of this work!
If you look closely, youll see that someone has penned in a very small C# on the ascending
arpeggio before the high F# with a pause. Ive seen this in other editions too, and I also put
it back in because the omission just sounds too much like a mistake to my ears. Overall, this
cadenza sounds like a study in the difference of character between the major and minor or
the bold and declamatory versus the sad and wistful. I visit wide ranging dynamics and
colour and enjoy the chance to do so. I always recommend students exploit these moments,
especially in an audition situation where it is a great opportunity to show what you can do
without worrying about balance issues.
In terms of pacing, I think a cadenza is most successful if it sounds somewhat
improvisatory, yet with musical purpose. To decide my strategy, I isolate important musical
ideas which are hopefully of a lyrical or thematic nature, and then figure out how to get
from one idea to the next. Usually this means the arpeggios or technical passage-work
needs to support, lead into or lead away from those important musical moments. Not
surprisingly, the last two lines of this cadenza are my least favourite bit; a pile of arpeggios
and scales with the potential to be quite meaningless! I highlight the E, D#, E at the
bottom of the arpeggios and try to link that directly into the A by not slowing down too
much for the high C#. I dont dwell long at all on the A, and then I try to highlight with tiny
tenutos the shift to A#, B and C as notes leading into the C# trill to resolve onto
D. And suddenly we find ourselves back to the glorious beginning, albeit in a gentler
version with the piano dynamic.
I covered all of that material in the last issue, so my remaining comments include a bit
about alternative ossia passages as we see here 6 measures after figure 15. Sometimes an
ossia passage is there because the composer realizes what theyve written is hard and
presenting an alternative is being pragmatic. Sometimes an ossia exists because the flutist
performing the premiere preferred and suggested something else. We seldom know for
sure, so I choose whatever I think works best for me. In this edition, the Russian word by
this ossia passage is literally or and both versions are really effective musically!
The measure before figure 16 is a good place to have a think about reassigning the beat
(you could start the run earlier) if it helps you get through the notes more successfully.
Finally, many flutists keep going up to a super High D in the second to last bar, as we see in
the piano part. If your audience is seated beyond spit range, the high note is a very
exciting effect and is often applied to romantic works! Chaminade wrote some other gems
for flute including Air de Ballet, Op. 30 and Srnade aux toiles, Op 142. If you can take the
time to track down her lesser known pieces, I know youll enjoy them too.