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A transformer is a device that converts one oscillating potential difference supply to another
with a different potential difference. All transformers consist of a primary (input) coil and a
secondary (output) coil.
Transformer Rule
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction tells us that the emf induced in a circuit,
݀߶
ߝ = −ܰ
݀ݐ
This means that
݀߶
ܸଵ = −ܰଵ
݀ݐ
and
݀߶
ܸଶ = −ܰଶ
݀ݐ
Therefore
݀߶
ܸଶ −ܰଶ ݀ݐ
=
ܸଵ ݀߶
−ܰଵ
݀ݐ
which gives us the Transformer Rule,
ࢂ ࡺ
=
ࢂ ࡺ
nb:
• ܸଵ and ܸଶ are often referred to as Primary and Secondary voltages, so ܸଵ = ܸ and
ܸଶ = ܸௌ
• Step-up transformers increase the voltage; so ܸଶ > ܸଵ and ܰଶ > ܰଵ
• Step-down transformers decrease the voltage; so ܸଶ < ܸଵ and ܰଶ < ܰଵ
Transformer Efficiency
Transformers are nearly 100% efficient. Those used in practical applications, for electricity
distribution, are around 98% efficient, and researchers have achieved efficiencies of 99.85%
using superconducting wires.
The efficiency of a transformer, ߟ (“eta”), can be calculated by the ratio of power delivered
to the primary coil (input) to the power provided by the secondary coil (output).
http://phy.si
Transformers A2 Unit 4
Using ܲ = ܸܫ,
ܫଶ ܸଶ
ߟ=
ܫଵ ܸଵ
http://phy.si