18.

Chloroplasts A structure in the cells of plants and some

other organisms that captures energy from
sunlight and uses it to produce food.
19. connective
tissue
Found throughout the body; It serves to
connect different structures of the body; Has
its own blood supply
20. Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the
organelles given support
21. Design
Process
A systematic problem-solving strategy, with
criteria and constraints, used to develop
many possible solutions to solve a problem or
satisfy human needs and wants and to
winnow (narrow) down the possible
solutions to one final choice.
22. DNA (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in
the nucleus of a cell and formed from
nucleotides and shaped like a double helix
23. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of
passageways in which proteins and other
materials are carried from one part of the cell
to another.
24. Enteric
Nervous
System
An extensive meshlike system of neurons that
governs the functioning of the digestive
system
25. Golgi
Apparatus
An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of
stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify,
store, and route products of the endoplasmic
reticulum.
26. Heart
Muscles
cardiac muscles
27. Invention A new product, system, or process that has
never existed before, created by study and
experimentation.
28. Lysosome A small, round cell structure containing
chemicals that break down large food
particles into smaller ones.
29. Microscope An instrument with lenses and light that is
used to observe objects too small to be visible
with only the eyes.
30. microtubules A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins
that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all
eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and
flagella.
31. Mitochondria An organelle found in large numbers in most
cells, in which the biochemical processes of
respiration and energy production occur.
32. Motor
Neurons
Neurons that carry outgoing information
from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles
and glands.
1. Adaptation A trait that helps an organism survive and
reproduce
2. Animal Cell A small living part of a multicellular
organism that eats to gain energy and
reproduces sexually; cellular respiration
occurs in animal cells
3. appendicular
skeleton
Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are
attached to the axial skeleton
4. Autonomic
Nervous
System
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous
system. Controls involuntary activity of
visceral muscles and internal organs and
glands.
5. axial skeleton Forms the central supporting axis of the
skeletal system.
6. Camouflage the act of concealing the identity of
something by modifying its appearance
7. Cell A membrane bound structure that is the basic
unit of life
8. Cell
Membrane
A thin, flexible barrier around a cell;
regulates what enters and leaves the cell
9. cell
Organization
cell - tissue - organ - organ system -
organism
10. Cell
Specialization
Cells throughout an organism can develop in
different ways to perform different tasks
11. Cell Theory (biology) the theory that cells form the
fundamental structural and functional units
of all living organisms
12. Cell Wall A protective layer external to the plasma
membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and
some protists. In plant cells, the wall is
formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a
polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary
cell wall is thin and flexible, whereas the
secondary cell wall is stronger and more
rigid and is the primary constituent of wood.
13. Cellular
Respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking
down glucose and other food molecules in
the presence of oxygen
14. Central
Nervous
System
Consists of Brain, spinal cord, and Retina
(eyes)
15. Central
Neurons
neurons located completely within the brain
or spinal cord
Make all input & output connections with
other neurons
16. Chemical
Energy
Energy available in molecules for release in a
chemical reaction; a form of potential
energy.
17. Chlorophyll Green pigment in plants that absorbs light
energy used to carry out photosynthesis
Cells & Systems
Study online at quizlet.com/_prugf
33. movement Changing the position or location of the
entire body.
34. Multi-cellular organism containing multiple cells
35. Muscular
System
Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that
connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint
36. Nerves Bundled axons that form neural "cables"
connecting the central nervous system with
muscles, glands, and sense organs.
37. Nervous
System
A conglomeration of billions of cells
specifically designed to provide a
communication network within the body.
38. Nuclear
Membrane
A highly-porous membrane that separates
the nucleus from the cytoplasm
39. Nucleolus A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed
from various chromosomes and active in the
synthesis of ribosomes
40. Nucleus Control center of the cell
41. nutrients Compounds in food that the body requires for
proper growth, maintenance, and
functioning
42. Organ
Systems
Group of organs that work together to
perform an important function
43. Organ
Systems
Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine,
Integumentary, Lymphatic, Muscular,
Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory, Skeletal,
Urinary.
44. organelles A membrane-enclosed structure with a
specialized function within a cell.
45. Organism A living thing; anything that can carry out
life processes independently
46. Organs A structure consisting of several tissues
adapted as a group to perform specific
functions.
47. Osteoporosis A condition in which the body's bones
become weak and break easily.
48. Peripheral
Nervous
System
A division of the nervous system consisting of
all nerves that are not part of the brain or
spinal cord.
49. Photosythesis The process by which green plants and other
producers use simple compounds and energy
from light to make sugar, an energy-rich
compound.
50. Plant Cell 1) have cell wall which is essential for
protection of the cell and maintenance of the
shape and water balance. 2) have
chlorophyll/chloroplasts which is essential
for photosynthesis. 3) large central vacuole
which are compartments in the cytoplasm
that act as places for secretion, excretion and
storage.
51. Protein
Sythesis
process by which proteins are made
52. Ribosomes Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are
synthesized.
53. Rube
Goldberg
any procedure that makes a simple ask seem
complicated is compared to a rube goldberg
contraption.
54. Scientific
Method
A series of steps followed to solve problems
including collecting data, formulating a
hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating
conclusions.
55. Sensory
Neurons
Neurons that carry incoming information from
the sense receptors to the central nervous system.
56. Simple
Machines
a machine with few moving parts, making it
easier to do work (there are 6: lever, pulley,
wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and
screw)
57. Single-
cellular
Organism made of 1 cell. they are tiny and don't
live very long
58. Skeletal
Muscles
Muscles that are usually attached to a bone and
are responsible for movement and stability of the
body.
59. Skeletal
System
Protects and supports body organs and provides
a framework the muscles use to support
movement. Made up of bones and joints
60. Smooth
Muscles
In the walls of hollow organs; not striated; can
contract without nervous system stimulation;
involuntary
61. Somatic
Nervous
System
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
Enables voluntary actions to be undertaken due
to its control of skeletal muscles
62. stimulated In order for a muscle to contract what must be
done to a nerve ending
63. Tendons Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone
and provide an anchor for muscles to produce
force
64. tissues At the organ level, two or more of these work
together to perform a specific function. They
grown and mature to perform specific organs. At
this level is it possible to perform extremely
complex functions.
65. Trebuchet A machine used in medieval siege warfare for
hurling large stones or other missiles. Uses a
counter weight to throw.
66. Vacuoles Cell organelle that stores materials such as
water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
(wastes)
67. Xylem Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and
dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its
leaves