: pH

Arrhenius
. (
) .

Arrhenius
.
( ) .

pH
.

pH 7.
pH .

pH 7.
pH .

pH pH=7.

pH

3

4

10

11

7


pH :
)
) ( )

H2SO4 ( ), (), HCl, HNO3

NaOH, NH3, KOH

NaOH
HCl
HNO3
NH3

:
1.
2.
3. .

,
() ()
H2O.
.
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (I)

+
+

. .

(
()).

.

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

+ +
( )

+ +
+
+
+

KOH + HNO3 KNO3 + H2O

Mg(OH)2 + H2SO4 MgSO4 +H2O

Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

* 33