2

II.
Percaktimi i parametrave, kur dihet:
c
p
= 0.903 (kj/kgK)
c
v
= 0.669 (kj/kgK)
R = 0.234 (kj/kgK)

3 . 1 =
v
p
c
c
5
c
p
c
v
= R
Per piken 1.
p
1
= 30 (bar)= 30 * 10
5

v
1
= 0.026 (m
3
/kg)
T
1
= ? ) ( 32
234
026 . 0 10 30
5
1 1
1 1 1 1
K
R
v p
T RT v p =

= = =
Per piken 2.
p
2
= ?
v
2
= ? ! pr"c#$% (1 2) p"&%'r"p%k( $% % '%&&# )a j#p*
T
2
= ?
) = !10
+$
(1!2)
= 0.690 (kj/kgK) ) ( ,0 293 &)
690 . 0
690 . 0
1 2
1
2
1
2
K e e T T e
T
T
T
T
c s
n n
c
s
c
s
n
= = = = =



( ) pa
T
T
p p
p
T
p
T
n
n
n
n
n
n
349 . 44354
320
,0
10 30
1 10
10
5
1
1
2
1 2 1
2
1
1
2
2
=

= =

02 . 0
349 . 44354
,0 234
2
2
2 2 2 2
=

= =
p
T R
v RT v p
(m
3
/kg)
3
Per piken 3.
p
3
= 40 (bar) ) ( 539
234
140 . 0 10 9
5
3 3
3 3 3 3
K
R
v p
T RT v p =

= = =
v
3
= ?
'
3
= 600
"
-

T
3
=,3 (K)
Per piken 4.
p
4
= ?
v
4
= ?
T
4
= T
1
= ?
) = 1.2 ! pr"c#$% (3 4) a.%aba'%k( $% % '%&&# )a j#p*
( ) pa
T
T
p p
p
T
p
T
k
k
k
k
k
k
12046
320
539
10 9
1 35 .. 1
35 . 1
5
1
4
3
3 4 1
4
4
1
3
3
=

= =

622 . 0
12046
320 234
4
4
4 4 4 4
=

= =
p
T R
v RT v p
(m
3
/kg)
Tab#&a )r. 1.
/j#).%a p (kpa) v (m
3
/kg) T (K)
1 3000 0.025 320
2 44.354 0.02 ,0
3 900 0.140 539
4 120.46 0.622 320
4
! Eksergjia e rrymes per piken 1.
p
p
1

1
0
1
= 30 (bar) 12 = 0
T
1
= 320 (K)
3T = 0
0
"
= 1 (bar)
0
4

4
T
"
= 23 (K) p
"

"

v
#
41
= ? v
1
v
4
v
"
#
41
= &
ma4
= &
(1!4)
5 &
(4!")
(1!4) pr"c#$$ a.%aba'%c
2 = &
(1!4)
5 36 &
(1!4)
=!36 = c
p
( T
1
T
4
)
0
(4 1) pr"c#$$ %7"'#rm%k
2 = &
(4!")
5 36 &
(4!")
= T
4
3$ T
4
= T
"
0
3$ = R

= =
kgK
kj
p
p
x
32 . 0
34, . 22,399
1
&) 234 . 0 &)
1
( ) pa
T
T
p p
p
T
p
T
k
k
o
x k
x
k
x
k
k
34, . 22,399
320
23
10 30
1 35 .. 1
35 . 1
5
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
=

= =

#
41
= 0.90 (320 23) 5 23*0.32 = 236.05 (kj/kg)
5
III.
Procesi (1!" po#itropik.
Tr#g8#$% % p"&%'r"p#$.
) = ?
10 =

= n
c c
c c
n
v n
p n

94#'#$%a $p#c%:%k#.
c
)
= ?
) / ( 690 . 0
1 3 . 1
35 . 1 3 . 1
62 . 0
1
kgK kj
n
k n
c c
v n
=

=
; % #)#rgj%$# $# br#).#$6m#.
38 = ? 38 = c
v
(T
2
T
1
) = 0.669 (,0 320 ) = 362.95 (kj/kg)
; % #)'r"p%#$.
3$ = ? 3$ =
) / ( 690 . 0
320
,0
&) 669 . 0 &)
1
2
kg kj
T
T
c
n
= =
; % #)'a&p%$#.
36 = ? 36 = c
p
( T
2
T
1
) = 0.903 (,0 320 ) = 416.65 (kj/kg)<
=a$%a # )4#'#$%$.
2 = ? 2 = c
)
(T
2
T
1
) = 0.690 (,0 320) = 39.5 (kj/kg)
08)a # kr>#r.
? = # ) / ( . 11 ) ,0 320 ( 234 . 0
1 10
1
) (
1
1
1 2
kg kj T T R
n
# =

=

=
08)a '#k)%k#.
? =
t
#

) / ( 11 ) . 11 ( 10 kg kj # n #
t
= = =
6
?k$#rgj%a # )4#'$%$.
#
42
= ? #
42
= 2 T
"
3$ = 39.5 23*0.690 = 191.13 (kj/kgK)

T

T2
2

T1
1


#k$#rgj%a

T"

a)#rgj%a

=
$
1

$
2
Procesi (! $ %", po#itropik .
Tr#g8#$% % p"&%'r"p#$.
) = ?
3 . 1
02 . 0
140 . 0
&"g
900
36 . 60
&"g
&"g
&"g
4
3
3
2
3 3 2 2
= = = =
v
v
p
p
n v p v p
n n
94#'#$%a $p#c%:%k#.
c
)
= ?
) / ( 112 . 0
1
kgK kj c
n
k n
c c
p v n
= =

=
; % #)#rgj%$# $# br#).#$6m#.
38 = ? 38 = c
v
(T
3
T
2
) = 0.669 (539 ! ,0) = !214.439 (kj/kg)
; % #)'r"p%#$.
3$ = ? 3$ =
) / ( 054 . 0
,0
539
&) 112 . 0 &)
2
3
kgK kj
T
T
c
p
= =
; % #)'a&p%$#.
36 = ? 36 = c
)
( T
3
T
2
) = 0.903 (539 ! ,0) = !2,.,93 (kj/kg)

=a$%a # )4#'#$%$.
2 = ? 2 = c
)
(T
3
T
2
) = !0.112(539 ,0 ) = 3.02 (kj/kg)
08)a # kr>#r.
? = # ) / ( 1, . 25, ) 539 ,0 ( 234 . 0
1 3 . 1
1
) (
1
1
2 3
kg kj T T R
n
# =

=
08)a '#k)%k#.
? =
t
#

) / ( 634 . 33, 1, . 5, 3 . 1 kg kj # n #
t
= = =
?k$#rgj%a # )4#'$%$.
#
42
= ? #
42
= 2 T
"
3$ = 3.02 23*0.112 = 22.33 (kj/kgK)

T


T2

2

T3
3


#k$#rgj%a

T"

a)#rgj%a

=
$
3

$
2
,
Procesi (% $ &" adia'atik.
Tr#g8#$% % p"&%'r"p#$.
) = ?
35 . 1 = =

= k n
c c
c c
n
v n
p n

94#'#$%a $p#c%:%k#.
c
)
= ?
0
1
=

=
n
k n
c c
v n
; % #)#rgj%$# $# br#).#$6m#.
38 = ? 38 = c
v
(T
4
T
3
) = 0.66 (320 !539) = ! 14,.54 (kj/kg)
; % #)'r"p%#$.
3$ = ? 3$ =
0
539
320
&) 0 &)
3
4
= =
T
T
c
n
; % #)'a&p%$#.
36 = ? 36 = c
p
( T
4
T
3
) = 0.903 (320 ! 539) = ! 19.5 (kj/kg)
=a$%a # )4#'#$%$.
2 = ? 2 = T 3$ = 0
08)a # kr>#r.
? = # ) / ( 41 . 146 ) 320 539 ( 234 . 0
1 35 . 1
1
) (
1
1
4 3
kg kj T T R
k
# =

=
08)a '#k)%k#.
? =
t
#

) / ( 342 . 194 41 . 146 35 . 1 kg kj # k #
t
= = =
?k$#rgj%a # )4#'$%$.
#
42
= ? #
42
= 2 T
"
3$ = 0

9
Procesi (&1" i(otermik.
Tr#g8#$% % p"&%'r"p#$.
) = ?
1 =

= n
c c
c c
n
v n
p n

94#'#$%a $p#c%:%k#.
c
)
= ?
=

=
1 n
k n
c c
v n
; % #)#rgj%$# $# br#).#$6m#.
38 = ? 38 = c
v
(T
2
T
1
) = 0.66 (320 !320) = 0.
; % #)'r"p%#$.
3$ = ? 3$ =
) / ( 52 . 0
622 . 0
025 . 0
&) 234 . 0 &)
4
1
kgK kj
v
v
R = =
; % #)'a&p%$#.
36 = ? 36 = c
p
( T
2
T
1
) = 0.903 (320!320) = 0.
=a$%a # )4#'#$%$.
2 = ? 2 = T 3$ = 320 * (!0.52) = !240.64 (kj/kg)
08)a # kr>#r.
? = #
) / ( 64 . 240 &)
2
1
kg kj )
p
p
TR # = = =
08)a '#k)%k#.
? =
t
#

) / ( 64 . 240 ) 64 . 240 ( 1 kg kj # n #
t
= = =



10
?k$#rgj%a # )4#'$%$.
#
42
= ? #
42
= 2 T
"
3$ = 2240.64 23 * 0.52 = 35.344 (kj/kg)

T

1 2

#k$#rgj%a

a)#rgj%a


$
1
$
4 =
Tab#&a )r. 2
0r"c#$%
)
38
(kj/kg)
3$
(kj/kgK)
36
(kj/kg)
2
(kj/kg)
#

(kj/kg)
t
#

(kj/kg)
#
42
(kj/kg)
(1!2) !10 362.95 0.690 466.65 39.5 11. !11 191.13
(2!3) 1.3 !214.439 0.054 !2,.,93 3.02 25,.1, 0 22.33
(3!4) 1.35 !14,.54 0 !19.5 0 146.41 194.342 0
(4!1) 1 0 !0.52 0 !240.64 !240.64 !240.64 35.344
c%k&% ! 0 0.00, 0 15.932 15.65 15.606 !
R#).%m#)'% '#rm%k % c%k&%'.
@ 2 . 42 422 . 0
53 . 416
65 . 15
= = =
*
c c
t
)
#

11
IA.
Eksergjia e dhene nga nive#i i siperm
? =
x)*
e

( ) ( )

= = > > = ) / ( 26 . 211 52 . 0 23 52 . 416 0 0
0
kg kj s T ) e
x)*
Eksergjia e dhene nga nive#i poshtem.
? =
x)+
e

( ) ( )

= = < < = ) / ( 304 . 35 52 . 0 23 6 . 240 0 0
0
kg kj s T ) e
x)+
Rendimenti eksergjitik i cik#it.
@ 1 . 63 631 . 0
25 . 211
65 . 15
= = =
x)*
c c
ex
e
#

A.
,ik#i Karno )e punon ne temp ekstreme dhe ai i 'arasv#e-shem.
T
T
3
2B 2 3B

T
1
bv
a b
T
1
1
3

T
2
bv
1B 4

$
2
$
3
$
4
$
-%k&% 1!2!3!4!1 c%k&% r#a&.
-%k&% 1B!2B!3B!4!1B c%k&% Kar)" 2# p8)") )# '#mp. #k$'r#m#.
-%k&% a!b!4!1B!a c%k&% Kar)" % bara$v&#:$6#m.
12
Rendimenti i cik#it karno.
@ 2 . 63 2 . 63 . 0
,0
320 ,0
=

=
*
+ * K
t
T
T T

*dertimi i cik#it te 'arasv#e-shem Karno.

( )
( )
) ( 554
52 . 0
65 . 416
0
0
1
K
s
)
T
'v
= =
>
>
=

( )
( )
) ( 319
52 . 0
64 . 240
0
0
2
K
s
)
T
'v
= =
<
<
=

Rendimenti termik i cik#it te 'arasv#e-shem Karno.

@ 9 . 31 9 . 31 . 0
319
319 554
1
2 1
=

=
'v
'v 'v K
t'v
T
T T

1
I.
Para)itja ne diagramat .p/v0, .T/s0, .h/s0.
CpDvE p pv
!10
=c"$'
p
2
=p
3
2
pv
)
=c"$'
1
3
p
4
4
12=0
.T=0
p
1
4
v
v
1
v
3
v
4

T
CTD$E
T
2
2
0v
!10
=c"$' pv
1.3
=c"$'


3
12=0
T
4
1 4
$
2
$
3
$
1
$


C6 D$E 6
pv
!10
=c"$' 2
6
2
1 pv
1.3
=c"$'
6
3
3
12=0
.T=0
6
1
4
$
1
$
2
$
3


$