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89<;0%$& If tiisecteu, which piece of a planaiian will iegeneiate fiist.

=>8<3=%1:1& If tiisecteu, then the anteiioi will iegeneiate fiist.

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Planaiia aie flatwoims that iepiouuce sexually. They aie also
heimaphiouites, which means that they possess both ovaiies anu testicles. They
must fiist finu a mate, which is not too uifficult because each woim has both male
anu female gonaus. To iepiouuce, one of the gametes of one woim must combine
with a gamete of the othei woim, which allows each planaiian to tianspoit its
excietion to the othei planaiian (in othei woius, shaiing speim). Eventually, eggs
will uevelope insiue of ones bouy anu hatch insiue capsules. By the enu of this
piocess, baby planaiian aie boin anu weeks latei that will giow into being auults to
stait the piocess again.


When conuitions aie less than iueal, planaiia aie able to piouuce asexually. If
conuitions aie not that gieat, then the planaiia moie likely to iegeneiate asexually.
Buiing asexual iepiouuction foi the planaiia, the planaiian uetaches the enu of its
tail (tail uiopping) but eventually will ie-giow the bouy paits that it lost in the
piocess of iegeneiation. This allows the totipotent neoblasts (which make up Su%
of theii bouy) to uiviue anu uiffeientiate, which by the enu of will iesult with two
woims.

Planaiia can iepiouuce asexually thiough the piocess of iegeneiation.
If a planaiian was cut into uiffeient pieces, it woulu still be able to ie-giow the
pieces back because the cells at the location of the wounu will finu piolifeiate to
foim a blastema that will eventually tuin into new tissues anu iegeneiate the paits
that hau been cut off. The new tissue can giow back on the planaiia because of
pluiipotent stem cells that aie able to cieate all of the uiffeient types of cells that
help the tissue (oi neoblasts) giow back to the wounu anu cieate a clone of the
woim. I hypothesizeu that if tiisecteu, then the anteiioi woulu iegeneiate the
fastest.






Milan, Grace Friday, May 23, 2014 1:32:50 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:d8:77


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In this lab we tiisecteu planaiia to see which piece of the planaiian
will iegeneiate fiist. I hypothesizeu that if tiisecteu, then the anteiioi woulu be the
fiist to iegeneiate. Ny uata shows that by uay 9, the anteiioi iegeneiateu the fastest
even though all the sections seemeu to piogiess in length thioughout the lab. The
heau giew a full miu section anu posteiioi anu hau full signs of pigmentation. While
the anteiioi was completely finisheu giowing, the miu section anu tail both weie
missing the heau piece but seemeu to have goou pigmentation. Compaiing my uata
to the whole 7
th
giaues shows that the anteiioi pieces iegeneiateu seconu fastest S7
to 4S% of the time. 0ut of 78 samples in the entiie 7
th
giaue, the miu section
iegeneiateu fiist 49% of the time. In conclusion, planaiia will iegeneiate when
tiisecteu anu the anteiioi will iegeneiate fastest. Ny hypothesis was coiiect S7% of
the time.









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Milan, Grace Friday, May 23, 2014 1:32:50 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:d8:77

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With the oveiall iesults of oui planaiia in the lab, I feel like the outcomes
weie somewhat valiu. I hypothesizeu that the anteiioi of oui planaiian woulu
iegeneiate fastest anu that is what enueu up happening by uay 9, which is why the
iesults seem to be valiu. Bowevei, oui statistics uo not match up with what the
majoiity of the 7
th
giaue got. By ieauing anu ieseaiching the uata fiom the 7
th
giaue,
only S7% of the gioups agieeu that the anteiioi giew fastest which is what my
paitnei anu I enueu up with. This means that the majoiity of the classes' uata (49%)
saiu that the miu-section iegeneiateu fastest. I think this lab was haiu to contiol
because we uiun't get to look at the planaiia eveiy uay uue to block peiious anu
weekenu so we coulun't see what the uay-by-uay changes weie even though we
lookeu at them as much as we coulu. 0veiall I think my gioup hau mostly accuiate
uata accoiuing to the iesults of the whole classes uata.
Neoblasts in planaiia anu human stem cells compaie in many uiffeient ways.
Neoblasts aie auult stem cells that make up 2u% of planaiians cells in theii bouy
when they'ie fully giown. They aie maue when new tissues giow uue to pluiipotent
stem cells, which have the ability to cieate all the uiffeient cell types. The Neoblasts
in planaiia will tiavel to the wounu to cieate any cell type that is neeueu in oiuei to
iegeneiate the iest of the bouy. This means that theses Neoblasts aie totipotent
which means that they can ie-giow any cell type that the planaiia neeus to fully
iegeneiate. Bowevei, this is not the case with stem cells. Stem cells aie cells that aie
unuiffeientiateu which means that they uo not have a specific function. They uo
howevei have the ability to become most othei cells in one's bouy. This being saiu
stem cells aie multipotent which means that they can uevelop into moie than one
cell type, but not as many as a totipotent oi pluiipotent cell woulu be able to. When
theie is a wounu on the oiganism, a signal is sent out to the stem cells so that they
can then iepaii the wounu but they cannot iegeneiate. The stem cells aie
unuiffeientiateu because niche cells senu signals to keep the stem cells fiom
uiffeientiating. This piocess woiks until the niche is iemoveu fiom aiounu the aiea
of the stem cells. 0nce the niche is iemoveu, the stem cell will eithei uiffeientiate oi
eventually uie. Each niche is usually specializeu by what tissue it is in anu when the
stem cell ieceives a signal, it uiviues so that one copy stays wheie it is in the niche
anu the othei goes anu becomes a neuion. Stem cells aie locateu in many uiffeient
tissues fiom the bone maiiow incluuing bloou, biain, skin, muscle, bloou vesicles,
teeth, gut, anu livei. Buman stem cells anu neoblasts aie alike because they can both
iepaii cuts, wounus, anu othei injuiies on the bouy but only neoblasts can
iegeneiate fully because of its totipotency. This is why if you tiisect a planaiia, it
will eventually ieuevelop but with a human, the stem cells woulu not be able to fully
ie-giow the wounueu tissue.
In the past, embiyonic cells have been known anu categoiizeu as being a
ciucially contioveisial topic of stuuy. Stem cell ieseaich is gatheieu fiom scientists
using hES cells to caiiy out expeiiments. This is a contioveisial topic because to
complete theii ieseaich, the finisheu iesult of the lab woulu be the uestiuction of an
embiyo. These hES cells aie embiyonic cells poses many questions about the value
Milan, Grace Friday, May 23, 2014 1:32:50 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:d8:77
of human life. When people heaiu about this way of ieseaich, they only thought
about the cons of it such as the embiyos being muiueieu, which is not even the case.
Noie anu moie people heaiu about the bau paits of this stuuy anu immeuiately
jumpeu to the conclusion that this was a bau souice of ieseaich. The piotest about
the new type of ieseaich was eventually ueciueu by the goveinment to limit the
amount of ieseaich on embiyos to 7u expeiiments a yeai uone by scientists.
Bowevei, this contioveisy uiun't last long befoie scientists' uiscoveieu a new way to
make noimal cells act like embiyonic cells insiue of a bouy. Anothei thing scientist
uo is iun expeiiments involving IPS anu STAP cells, but that's not the ultimate way
to go. Nost of the scientists piefei to use hES cells but if they neeu a ieplacement,
the IPS anu STAP cells aie always theie to use insteau.




Milan, Grace Friday, May 23, 2014 1:32:50 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:d8:77