***LOI ZERO (0):

- If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (th hin ti n gin)

=> Khi mun nhn nh ai :
E.g: If you see Nam, you tell him Im in Vietnam
(Nu bn gp Nam, you hy nhn anh y rng ti ang Vit Nam nh)
+ Ch thi quen:
E.g: If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon
(Nu bc s lm vic vn phng vo bui sang, th ng ving thm cc bnh nhn ca ng vo
bui chiu)
+ If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (mnh lnh thc)
=> Dng khi mun nhn mnh
E.g: If you have any trouble, please telephone me though 654321
(Nu bn c bt k rc ri no, xin hy gi cho ti qua s in thoi 654321)
***LOI 1:
- If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (th tng lai n gin)
=>Din t hnh ng c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai
E.g: If you dont water the trees, they ll die
(Nu bn khng ti nc cho cy, chng s cht )=>hnh ng ny hin ti cng c th xy ra
hoc tng lai cng vy
If my father gives me some money, tomorrow Ill buy a dictionary
(Nu b ti cho ti tin, ngy mai ti s mua 1 cun t in)
- If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (may/can +V)
+ ch s kh nng khch quan
E.g: Its sunny. If we go out without a hat, We may get a headache
(Tri ang nng. Nu chng ti i chi m khng i m, Chng ti c th b au u)
+ Ch s cho php
E.g: If you finish your test, You can go home
(Nu bn lm xong bi kim tra, bn c php ra v)
- If + Mnh 1 (th hin ti n gin), Mnh 2 (must + V)
=> ch yu cu, ngh
E.g: If you want to get good marks, You must do exercises
(Nu bn mun c im cao, bn phi lm bi tp)
***LOI 2:
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh n gin), Mnh 2 (would/could/might + V)
+ Din t hnh ng khng c tht hin ti hoc tng lai
E.g: It isn't cold now so I switch on the fans
==>If it were cold now, we wouldn't switch on the fans.
(Nu tri lnh, chng ti s khng bt qut) =>hin ti tri khng lnh nn chng ti bt qut
hoc nu tuong lai xy ra th cng vy

* Note: Chng ta dng were cho tt c cc ngi, khng dng was

If I were a bird, I would fly
(Nu ti l 1 con chim, ti s bay c)
+ S tic nui hin ti hoc tuong lai
E.g: If he helped me, I could do something
(Nu anh y gip ti, ti c th lm iu g )=>Hin tai th ti ang tic nui v anh y
khng gip ti
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh n gin), Mnh 2 (could/might + V)
=> Ch kh nng
E.g: If he tried, he might succeed
(Nu anh y c gng, anh y s thnh cng)
E.g: If I lived in France, I could speak French well
(Nu ti sng Php, ti s ni ting Php gii)
*** LOI 3:
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh hon thnh), Mnh 2 (would have + P2)
+ Din t hnh ng khng c tht qu kh
E.g: She attended the beauty contest so she won the prize
==> If she hadnt attended the beauty contest, she wouldnt have won the prize
(Nu c y khng tham d cuc thi sc p, c y s khng ginh c gii thng)=> s tht
th trong qu kh c y tham gia cuc thi & ginh c gi thng)
+ s tic nui trong qu kh
E.g: If we had prepared our last lesson carefully, we would have got good marks
(Nu chng ti chun b bi hc cui cng cn thn, chng ti s t c im cao)=> trong
qu kh h tic nui rng h khng chun b bi tt, v vy h khng t im cao
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh hon thnh), Mnh 2 (would have + P2)
=> ch s cho php.
E.g: If you had finished your homework last night, you could have gone to the cinema
(Nu ti qua bn lm xong bi tp, bn s c i n rp chiu phim)=> ngi ni ang tic
nui cho nguoi d v ti qua ngi khng lm xong bi tp nn ngi khng c php i
- If + Mnh 1 (th qu kh hon thnh), Mnh 2 (might have + P2)
=> ch kh nng khch quan.
E.g: If it had rained much, the last crop might have been better
(Nu tri c ma, v ma cui cng s tt hn y)
P/S: Ring cu iu kin loi zero cc mem c th gp vi iu kin loi 1 hoc tch ring cng
c. Bi nh my do phn tch k nn hi di cc mem c c nh :))

cu iu kin hn hp

Trong cc bi trc v cu iu kin, cc bn bit c 4 loi cu iu kin c bn. Hm

nayaroma s gii thiu vi cc bn cu iu kin hn hp c ngha l thi gian trong
mnh IF khng ging thi gian trong mnh chnh.
CU IU KIN HN HP LOI 1
Khi nim:
- Trong ting Anh, ngoi 3 loi cu iu kin chnh, cn c nhiu cch khc nhau dng din t
iu kin trong mnh iu kin vi If.
- y l cu iu kin hn hp loi 1, n l s kt hp ca cu iu kin loi 3 v cu iu kin
loi 2.
- Ta dng cu iu kin hn hp loi 1 din t gi thit tri ngc vi qu kh, nhng kt qu
th tri ngc vi hin ti.
Cu trc:
If + S + had + P.P (qu kh phn t), S + would + V (nguyn mu)
V d:
If he had worked harder at school, he would be a student now.
(Nu anh ra hc hnh chm ch hn, th gii y anh ta l mt sinh vin ri.)
If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.
(Nu ti lm theo li khuyn ca anh y th gi y ti giu ri)
CU IU KIN HN HP LOI 2
Khi nim:
- Cu iu kin hn hp loi 2 l s kt hp ca cu iu kin loi 2 v cu iu kin loi 3
- Ta dng cu iu kin hn hp loi 1 din t gi thit tri ngc vi thc ti, cn kt qu th
tri ngc vi qu kh.
Cu trc:
If + S + V (qu kh) , S + would + have + P.P
V d:
If I were you, I would have learned English earlier.
(Nu ti l bn th ti hc ting Anh sm hn.)
If he didnt love her, he wouldnt have married her.
(Nu anh y khng yu ch y th anh y khng ly c y lm v.)

d. Cu iu kin hn hp:
Form: If + S1 + had V1(ed,3) + O1, S2 + would + V2(n).
Ex: If I had had breakfast before going to school, I would not be hungry now.
Nu ti n sng trc khi i hc, th by gi ti khng i bng ri.
II. UNLESS v BUT FOR:
a.UNLESS: = IF NOT
Ex:
If he did not help me, I would not finish my homework.
= Unless he helped me, I would not finish my homework. (Tr phi anh y gip ti, cn
khng th ti s chng th hon thnh bi tp)
b. BUT FOR: (nu khng c)
But for + N, iu kin loi 2 hoc 3.
Ex:
- he helps me everyday so I can finish my homework.
=> But for his daily help, I would not finish my homework (ko c s gip mi ngy c a anh
y, th ti chng th hon thnh bi tp v nh)
- teacher explained and we understood
=> But for teacher's explaination, we would not have understood.
(Nu khng c s ging gii ca gio vin th chng ti chng th hiu ni)
III. Cu iu
kin
khng cotht tng lai
ng t mnh sau wish s c dng would/could + V(n) hoc were + V-ing.
Ex: We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You can't come)
c g bn c th n ba tic m nay. (Bn khng th)

1. iu kin khng th thc hin c hin ti

ng t mnh sau wish s chia QK, to be phi chia l WERE tt c cc ngi.
Ex: I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework.
c g ti c thi gian hon thnh bi tp v nh ca mnh.
2. iu kin khng th thc hin c qu kh:
ng t mnh sau wish s chia QKHT hoc could have + V(ed,2).
Ex: -I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. (Ti c rng ti git qun o hm qua
ri)
-She wishes that she could have been there. (C y c rng c th n y)
*Note1: ng t mnh sau wish bt buc phi dng iu kin khng th th c hi n
c; nhng iu kin y thi no li ph thuc vo chnh thi gian ca bn thn mnh
ch khng ph thuc vo thi ca wish.
Ex: -She wishes that she could have gone earlier yesterday.(Past) (c ta c rng c th r i i
sm hn vo hm qua) (Q.kh)
-He wished that he would come to visit me next week.(Future) (Anh y c rng anh y n
thm chng ti tun ti c). (T.lai)
-The photographer wished we stood closer than we are standing now. (Present) (nhip nh gia
c sao chng ti ngi gn xch gn hn chng ti ang ngi by gi) (H.ti)
*Note 2:
Cn phn bit vi wish mang ngha "chc" trong mu cu: to wish sb sth
Ex: I wish you a happy birthday. (Chc bn sinh nht vui v)
V wish mang ngha "mun":
-To wish to do sth (Mun lm g)
-To wish sb to do sth (Mun ai lm g)
Ex:
-Why do you wish to see the manager? (ti sao anh mun gp qun l?)

-I wish to make a complaint (ti mun n kin)

-The government does not wish Dr.Jekyll Hyde to accept a professorship at a foreign university.
(Chnh ph khng mun tin s Jekyll Hyde nhn v tr gio s mt trng i h c ngo i
quc).
IV. Cu iu
kin
vi "WOULD RATHER":
1. Loi cu 1 ch ng:
Loi cu ny dng would rather ... (than) l loi cu din t s mong mun hay c mun ca
mt ngi v chia lm 2 thi:
a.Thi hin ti:Sau would rather l nguyn th b to. Ph nh: not + V(n)Form: S + would
rather + V(n) + ...
Ex: Jim would rather go to class tomorrow than today.
Jim would rather not go to class tomorrow.
b.Thi qu kh:
ng t sau would rather phi l have + P2. Ph nh t not trc have.
Form: S + would rather + have + V(ed,2)
Ex: Jim would rather have gone to class yesterday than today.
Jim would rather not have gone to the class yesterday.
2. Loi cu c hai ch ng
Loi cu ny dng "would rather that" (c g, mong g) v dng trong mt s trng hp sau:
a. Cu cu kin hin ti:
L loi cu ngi th nht mun ngi th hai lm vic g (nhng lm hay khng cn ph
thuc vo ngi th hai). Trong trng hp ny ng t mng hai dng nguyn
th b to. Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh t not trc nguyn th b to.
Form: S1 + would rather that + S2+ V(n) +...
Ex: -I would rather that you call me tomorrow.
-He would rather that I not take this train.

b. Cu gi nh tri vi hin ti
ng t sau ch ng hai s chia QK, to be phi chia l WERE tt c cc ngi.
Form: S1 + would rather that + S2 +V(ed,2) + ...
Ex: -Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does. (His
girlfriend does not work in the same department)
-Jane would rather that it were winter now. (Infact, it is not winter now)
Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh dng didn't + verb hoc were not sau ch ng hai.
Ex: -Henry would rather that girlfriend didnt work in the same department as he does.
-Jane would rather that it were not winter now.
c. Cu gi nh tri ngc vi thc t qu kh
ng t sau ch ng hai s chia dng QKHT. Ph nh: hadn't + P2.
Form: S1 + would rather that + S2 + had V(ed,3) + ...
Ex: -Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday. (Jill did not go to class yesterday)
-Bill would rather that his wife hadnt divorced him.
V. AS IF, AS THOUGH: (c nh th l)
Mnh sau 2 thnh ng ny lun dng iu kin khng thc hin c.
1. Thihin ti:
V2 dng qu kh, tobe l WERE cho mi ngi.
Form: S1 + V1(hti) + AS IF/ AS THOUGH + S2 + V2(ed,2)
Ex: -He say as if he were a king. (Anh ta ni c nh th anh ta l 1 ng vua vy)
-He talks as though he knew everthing in the world (Anh ta ni nh th anh ta bit mi th trn
i vy)
2. Thiqu kh:
V1 qu kh, V2 qu kh hon thnh.

Form: S1 + V1(ed,2) + AS IF/ AS THOUGH + S2 + V2(ed,3).

Ex: He looked as though he had seen the ghost.
(Anh ta trng c nh th gp ma vy)
Note: Mnh sau as though, as if khng phi lc mo cng tun theo quy lu t trn. Trong
mt s trng hp khi iu kin l c tht, hoc ngi ni, ngi vit quan nim l tht
th 2 cng thc trn ko cn ng. Mnh sau chng chia ng t bnh th ng theo mi quan
h vi ng t mnh chnh.
Ex: It looks as if It is going to rain. (Tri trng c nh th sp ma vy) (S th t l tr i s p
ma).
VI. Cac loai cu iu
kin
khac:

Trong qu trnh hc v giao tip cc bn s thy cu iu kin KHNG PH I lc no cng

tun theo nhng quy tc nht nh.
Vd: trong cu iu kin c bn vn c nhng bin th khc.
Ex: If you meet him, tell him to call me! (Nu bn gp anh ta, b o anh ta g i i n cho ti)
(mnh chnh di dng cu mnh lnh)
Hay ta cng c th thm then, perhap... vo gia cc mnh nhn mnh.etc.
Trong qu trnh hc tp chng ta s tch ly c cc cch s dng khc!

CU IU KIN
Cho cc em ! t lp 9 cc em bt u hc v cu iu kin, sau ln cp 3 mi nm
cc em u hc li cu trc ny nhng chng trnh cng lc cng nng cao. Trong phn
ny s c chia lm 2 cp : cp c bn v cp nng cao. Cc em nht thit phi
hc theo th t, ch khi no nm vng cp c bn th mi hc phn nng cao, nu khng s
b ri v khng hiu c bi.
Cp c bn
Loi 1:
Cng thc :
IF S + V (hin ti) , S + WILL ( CAN, MAY) + V (nguyn mu)

Cch dng:
Ch s vic c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.
V d:
If it is sunny, I will go fishing. ( nu tri nng, ti s i cu)
Loi 2:
Cng thc :
IF S + V (qu kh) , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) + V (nguyn mu)
( be lun dng were d ch t s t hay nhiu )
Cch dng:
Ch s vic khng th hoc kh c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.
V d:
If I were you, I would go abroad. ( nu ti l bn, ti s i nc ngoi)
Chuyn ny khng th xy ra c v ti u th no bin thnh bn c.
Loi 3:
Cng thc :
IF S +HAD +P.P , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) HAVE + P.P
Cch dng:
Ch s vic khng xy ra qu kh.
V d:
If I hadnt been absent yesterday, I would have met him. ( nu hm qua ti khng vng
mt th ti gp anh ta ri) => nhng thc s ti vng mt
LU :
+ Unless = if not : tr phi
+ Bn mnh c if, ch had trong loi 3, ch were trong loi 2 v ch should trong loi 1
c th em ra u cu th cho if.
( ch should i khi c th dng trong loi 1 vi ngha lm cho cu m h hn)
V d:
- If he should call, . ( nu m anh ta c gi, ) => khng bit c gi hay khng
= Should he call,. ( nu m anh ta c gi, )
- If I were you,
= Were I you, .
- If she had gone there, ..

= Had she gone there,..

(k sau: cch gii cc dng bi tp dng c bn)
Edited by user 5 years ago | Reason: Not specified