COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS

TELECOMMUNICATION
ALL TYPES OF LONG DISTANCE
COMMUNICATION THROUGH
COMMON CARRIERS LIKE
TELEPHONE,TELEVISION AND RADIO
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A COLLECTION OF COMPATIBLE
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
ARRANGED TO COMMUNICATE
INFORMATION FROM ONE
LOCATION TO ANOTHER.
 IT CAN TRANSMIT TEXT,GRAPHICS,

VOICE,DOCUMENTS AND VIDEO

INFORMATION
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

HARDWARE

FRONT END
PC OR TERMINAL PROCESSOR
TELECOMMUNICATION
MEDIA(CHANNELS)

MULTIPLEXER MODEM MODEM MULTIPLEXER

DATA COMMUNICATION

EXCHANGE AND PROCESSING OF

DATA OR INFORMATION INCLUDING
TEXT,PICTURES,VOICE AND
DIGITALLY CODED INFORMATION.
ROLE OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION PLAYS A
SPECIAL ROLE WHEN CUSTOMERS
SUPPLIERS,VENDORS ARE PART
OF A MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATION
THAT IS CONTINUOUSLY AWAKE AND
DOING BUSINESS 24 HOURS A DAY
AND 7 DAYS PER WEEK.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
 HOSTCOMPUTER
 FRONT END PROCESSOR-DEDICATED
SOLELY TO COMMUNICATION TASKS
 MODEM-DEVICE THAT PERFORMS
MODULATION AND DEMODULATION
 MULTIPLEXER-AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE
THAT ALLOWS A SINGLE COMMUNICATION
CHANNEL TO CARRY DATA TRANSMISSION
SIMULTANEOUSLY FROM MANY SOURCES
COMMUNICATION MEDIA

PATHWAYS OR MEDIUM
FOR DATA TO BE COMMUNICATED
FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
MEDIA(CHANNELS)
CABLE MEDIA-TWISTED PAIR WIRE
COAXIAL CABLE,FIBRE OPTICS

WIRELESS MEDIA-
MICROWAVE,SATELLITE,RADIO,
INFRARED
CABLE MEDIA

 TWISTED PAIR WIRE

 COAXIAL CABLE

 FIBRE OPTIC CABLES

TWISTED PAIR WIRE

 STRANDS OF COPPER WIRE

TWISTED IN PAIRS
 INEXPENSIVE
 CAN RUN INSIDE WALLS,FLOORS
AND CEILINGS
 SUBJECTS TO INTERFERENCE
FROM OTHER ELECTRICAL
SOURCES
COAXIAL CABLE
 INSULATED COPPER WIRE
 MUCH LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO
ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE
 CAN CARRY MUCH MORE DATA
 CARRIES HIGH SPEED DATA
TRAFFIC
 RELATIVELY EXPENSIVE
 CABLE TV
FIBRE OPTICS
 FIBREOPTIC CABLES CONSISTS OF
THOUSANDS OF VERY THIN FILAMENTS OF
GLASS FIBRES
 CLEAR GLASS FIBRES CAN CONDUCT LIGHT
WAVES INSTEAD OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
 INCREASED SPEED(SPEED OF LIGHT)
 GREATER DATA CARRYING CAPACITY
 ONE HAIRLINE FIBRE CAN CARRY 30,000
SIMULTANEOUS TELEPHONE CALLS
WIRELESS MEDIA

 MICROWAVE
 SATELLITE
 RADIO
 INFRARED
MICROWAVE
 LONG DISTANCE POINT TO POINT
COMMUNICATION
 PROVIDE 10 TIMES DATA CARRYING
CAPACITY OF A WIRE
 TRANSMITS HIGH FREQUENCY RADIO
SIGNALS BETWEEN RELAY STATIONS
APPROX. 30 MILES APART(DUE TO EARTH
CURVATURE ,LINE OF SIGHT)
 COMPARED TO 30 MILES WIRE,IT CAN BE
SET UP AT MUCH LOWER COST
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

 ENORMOUS RANGE OF SATELLITE

COVERGE FROM HIGH ALTITUDE
 A NETWORK OF JUST THREE
EVENLY SPACED COMMUNICATION
SATELLITES IN GEOSYNCHRONOUS
ORBIT 22,300 MILES ABOVE THE
EQUATOR PROVIDES GLOBAL
COVERAGE
TYPES OF SATELLITE ORBITS
 GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT(GEO)-22,300
MILES ABOVE THE EQUATOR
 EXCELLENT FOR SENDING TELEVISION
PROGRAMS TO CABLE OPERATORS.
 MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT(MEO)-6000 MILES
ABOVE THE EQUATOR, TELEPHONES
 LOW EARTH ORBIT(LEO)- 400-1000 MILES
AWAY FROM EQUATOR,CAN PICK UP
SIGNALS FROM WEAK TRANSMITTERS,
HAND HELD TELEPHONES
ADVANTAGES OF SATELLITES

 COST OF TRANSMISSION IS SAME

REGARDLESS OF DISTANCE BETWEEN
SENDING AND RECEIVING STATIONS
 COST REMAINS SAME REGARDLESS OF
NUMBER OF STATIONS RECEIVING THE
TRANSMISSION
 ABILITY TO CARRY LARGE AMOUNT OF
DATA
 USERS CAN BE MOBILE WHILE SENDING
AND RECEIVING SIGNALS
RADIO MEDIA
 RADIO ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA
COMMUNICATION IS IDEAL FOR SHORT
RANGE SUCH AS WITHIN AN OFFICE
SETTING
 CAN BE USED TO CONNECT COMPUTERS
WITH PERIPHERALS AND LOCAL AREA
NETWORK
 RADIO WAVES PROPAGATE EASILY
THROUGH OFFICE WALLS WITHOUT
METALLIC WIRES
INFRARED LIGHT

 RED LIGHT,INVISIBLE TO HUMAN EYE

 COMMONLY USED WITH REMOTE
CONTROL UNITS OF TELEVISION AND
AIR CONDITIONERS
 INFRARED TRANSMITTERS AND
RECEIVERS ARE USED FOR SHORT
DISTANCE COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN COMPUTERS , LAN. AND
PERIPHERALS
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

 GPSIS A WIRELESS SYSTEM WHICH

USES SATELLITES TO ENABLE
USERS TO DETERMINE THEIR
POSITION ANYWHERE ON THE
EARTH

 USED
FOR NAVIGATION BY
COMMERCIAL AIRLINES AND SHIPS
CELLULAR RADIO TECHNOLOGY
 GEOGRAPHICAL CELLULAR SERVICE AREAS
ARE SUBDIVIDED INTO HEXAGONAL CELLS
 A RADIO TRANSCEIVER AND COMPUTERIZED
CELL SITE CONTROLLER IS AT THE CENTRE
OF EACH CELL
 ALL CELL SITES ARE CONNECTED
TO MOBILE TELEPHONE SWITCHING OFFICE
PROVIDING CONNECTIONS FROM CELLULAR
SYSTEM TO A WIRED TELEPHONE NETWORK.
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL
NETWORK(ISDN)
 HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSMISSION
TECHNOLOGY
 ALLOWS USERS TO TRANSFER
VOICE,VIDEO,IMAGE AND DATA AT
HIGH SPEED.