SPECIAL SENSES

HEARING
EQUILIBRIUM
SMELL & TASTE
Sri Redjeki
Dept. of Physiology
FMUI
Introduction
Special senses part of sensory system
Sensory function recognizes stimuli
Special special organs (ear, eye, nose, mouth)
Terminology - afferent & sensory

SENSORY SYSTEM
1. Somatic
2. Visceral
3. Special senses
Vision
Hearing
Equilibrium
Smell & taste

Introduction
Stimuli/environment:
Specific energies
Receptor cells:
Graded potentials
Afferent/sensory neurons:
Action potentials
Specific cortical sensory areas:
Sensation modality, intensity, localization.
objective
subjective
Combined with other sensation and or experience
Perception
introduction
Special Senses
Kinds of special senses
Types and classification of receptor cells
Specific sensory pathways
Specific cortical areas
Sensory coding
Introduction: Receptors
Receptors transform
an external signal into
a membrane potential

Two types of receptor
cells:
- a nerve cell
- a specialized
epithelial cell


Introduction: Receptor adaptation
Tonic receptors
-- slow acting, -- no adaptation:
continue to for impulses as long as
the stimulus is there
(ex: proprioreceptors)


Phasic receptors
-- quick acting, adapt: stop firing
when stimuli are constant (ex:
smell)

Introduction: pathways


The sensory pathways
convey/code the type and
location of the sensory
stimulus

The type: because of the
type of receptor activated

The location: because the
brain has a map of the
location of each receptor
Hearing
Sound
Concentrated
Amplified
Changed into action potentials/impulses
Initial discrimination: pitch, intensity and
duration
Deafness
Hearing
Hearing
Hearing
Equilibrium
Part of sensation of body positions
Stimuli: acceleration (angular and or linear)
Vestibular apparatus (inner ear)
Equilibrium
Equilibrium
Equilibrium
Human Centrifuge
Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan & Ruang Angkasa
(LAKESPRA)
TNI-AU
Smell
Stimulus odorant

Smell
Taste
Taste
Resume
Special senses is part of sensory system located
in special organs
Hearing starts with stimulation by sound wave
Equilibrium, the sense of body position, start
with stimulation by angular or linear
acceleration
Smell & taste start with the stimulation of
specific chemical substances
Thank you